1
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Artault M, Cantin T, Longuet M, Vitse K, Mbengo CDM, Guégan F, Michelet B, Martin-Mingot A, Thibaudeau S. Exploring Superacid-Promoted Skeletal Reorganization of Aliphatic Nitrogen-Containing Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316458. [PMID: 37984060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a method to reorganize the core structure of aliphatic unsaturated nitrogen-containing substrates exploiting polyprotonation in superacid solutions. The superelectrophilic activation of N-isopropyl systems allows for the selective formal Csp3 -H activation/cyclization or homologation / functionalization of nitrogen-containing substrates. This study also reveals that this skeletal reorganization can be controlled through protonation interplay. The mechanism of this process involves an original sequence of C-N bond cleavage, isopropyl cation generation and subsequent C-N bond and C-C bond formation. This was demonstrated through in situ NMR analysis and labelling experiments, also confirmed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Artault
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Thomas Cantin
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Mélissa Longuet
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Kassandra Vitse
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | | | - Frédéric Guégan
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Bastien Michelet
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Martin-Mingot
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
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2
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Rao WH, Li YG, Jiang LL, Li Q, Zou GD, Cao X. Metal-Free Selective Ortho-C-H Amidation of Hypervalent(III) Iodobezenes with N-Methoxy Amides under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13825-13837. [PMID: 37737590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free selective ortho-C-H amidation of aryl iodines(III) with the use of N-methoxy amides as aminating reagents under mild conditions is described here. In the protocol, excellent chemoselectivity and high regioselectivity were obtained. Notably, the iodine substituent rendered the amidation product suitable to be used for further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ying-Ge Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xinhua Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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3
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Hoogesteger RH, Murdoch N, Cordes DB, Johnston CP. Cobalt-Catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements with Concomitant Nucleophilic Hydrofluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308048. [PMID: 37409777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a cobalt-catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of gem-disubstituted allylarenes that generates fluoroalkane products with isolated yields up to 84 %. Modification of the counteranion of the N-fluoropyridinium oxidant suggests the substrates undergo nucleophilic fluorination during the reaction. Subjecting the substrates to other known metal-mediated hydrofluorination procedures did not lead to observable 1,2-aryl migration. Thus, indicating the unique ability of these cobalt-catalyzed conditions to generate a sufficiently reactive electrophilic intermediate capable of promoting this Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece H Hoogesteger
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Nicola Murdoch
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Craig P Johnston
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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4
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He J, Du FH, Zhang C, Du Y. Chemoselective cycloisomerization of O-alkenylbenzamides via concomitant 1,2-aryl migration/elimination mediated by hypervalent iodine reagents. Commun Chem 2023; 6:126. [PMID: 37330613 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As an ambident nucleophile, controlling the reaction selectivities of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in amide moiety is a challenging issue in organic synthesis. Herein, we present a chemodivergent cycloisomerization approach to construct isoquinolinone and iminoisocoumarin skeletons from o-alkenylbenzamide derivatives. The chemo-controllable strategy employed an exclusive 1,2-aryl migration/elimination cascade, enabled by different hypervalent iodine species generated in situ from the reaction of iodosobenzene (PhIO) with MeOH or 2,4,6-tris-isopropylbenzene sulfonic acid. DFT studies revealed that the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the intermediates in the two reaction systems have different nucleophilicities and thus produce the selectivity of N or O-attack modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng-Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Maity S, Szpilman AM. 2-Fluoroenones via an Umpolung Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction of Enones. Org Lett 2023; 25:1218-1222. [PMID: 36779928 PMCID: PMC9972470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Several methods have been reported for the formation of 2-fluoroenones. However, all these methods involve laborious multiple-step sequences with resulting low overall yields. In this paper, we report the first formal enone-α-H to F substitution, leading to 2-fluoroenones in a single step from ubiquitous enones in 63-90% yield. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of aromatic and alkenyl enones and is carried out at room temperature using HF-pyridine complex as the fluoride source. Mechanistic investigations support that the reaction takes place through a rare umpolung Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type mechanism.
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6
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A Mechanochemical, Catalyst‐Free Cascade Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols and 1,4‐Iodoalcohols Using Styrenes and Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207926. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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García‐Vázquez V, Carretero Cerdán A, Sanz‐Marco A, Gómez‐Bengoa E, Martín‐Matute B. An Expedient Method for the Umpolung Coupling of Enols with Heteronucleophiles**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201000. [PMID: 35638139 PMCID: PMC9400875 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an unprecedented and general umpolung protocol that allows the functionalization of silyl enol ethers and of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with a large range of heteroatom nucleophiles, including carboxylic acids, alcohols, primary and secondary amines, azide, thiols, and also anionic carbamates derived from CO2. The scope of the reaction also extends to carbon‐based nucleophiles. The reaction relies on the use of 1‐bromo‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐1λ3[d][1,2]iodaoxole, which provides a key α‐brominated carbonyl intermediate. The reaction mechanism has been studied experimentally and by DFT, and we propose formation of an unusual enolonium intermediate with a halogen‐bonded bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Carretero Cerdán
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz‐Marco
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Enrique Gómez‐Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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8
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Pan L, Zheng L, Chen Y, Ke Z, Yeung YY. Mechanochemical and Catalyst‐Free Cascade Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols and 1,4‐Iodoalcohols Using Styrenes and Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Pan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Long Zheng
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Ye Chen
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Zhihai Ke
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen School of Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Chemistry Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China 000000 Hong Kong HONG KONG
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9
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Mao K, Ma Y, Lv L, Li Z. [4+1] Cyclization of α‐CF3 Carbonyls with Hydrazides: Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles under Ambient Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuantao Mao
- Renmin University of China Chemistry Beijing CHINA
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Renmin University of China Chemistry Beijing CHINA
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Renmin University of China Chemistry Beijing CHINA
| | - Zhiping Li
- Renmin University of China Department of Chemistry Zhongguancun Street No.59 100872 Beijing CHINA
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10
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Lyons DJM, Dinh AH, Ton NNH, Crocker RD, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Ring Contraction of Tropylium Ions into Benzenoid Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:2520-2525. [PMID: 35324211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to convert substituted tropylium ions into benzenoid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelza J M Lyons
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - An H Dinh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nhan N H Ton
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Reece D Crocker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Holst HM, Floreancig JT, Ritts CB, Race NJ. Aziridine Opening via a Phenonium Ion Enables Synthesis of Complex Phenethylamine Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:501-505. [PMID: 34967220 PMCID: PMC8796817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report that the treatment of unsymmetrical 2,3-disubstituted aziridines with TiCl4 yields β-phenethylamine products via the intermediacy of a phenonium ion. Derivatization of the products obtained via this method is demonstrated. Computational analysis of the reaction pathway provides insight into the reaction mechanism, including the selectivity of the phenonium opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jack T Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Casey B Ritts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas J Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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12
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Modak A, Alegre-Requena JV, de Lescure L, Rynders KJ, Paton RS, Race NJ. Homologation of Electron-Rich Benzyl Bromide Derivatives via Diazo C-C Bond Insertion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:86-92. [PMID: 34898193 PMCID: PMC8755606 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate C-C bonds for selective chemical transformations is challenging and represents a growing area of research. Here, we report a formal insertion of diazo compounds into the "unactivated" C-C bond of benzyl bromide derivatives catalyzed by a simple Lewis acid. The homologation reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of a phenonium ion, and the products contain benzylic quaternary centers and an alkyl bromide amenable to further derivatization. Computational analysis provides critical insight into the reaction mechanism, in particular the key selectivity-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Modak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Louis de Lescure
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kathryn J Rynders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Nicholas J Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Zhang S, Vayer M, Noël F, Vuković VD, Golushko A, Rezajooei N, Rowley CN, Lebœuf D, Moran J. Unlocking the Friedel-Crafts arylation of primary aliphatic alcohols and epoxides driven by hexafluoroisopropanol. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Lee J, Kang B, Kim D, Lee J, Chang S. Cobalt-Nitrenoid Insertion-Mediated Amidative Carbon Rearrangement via Alkyl-Walking on Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18406-18412. [PMID: 34714632 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein disclose the Cp*Co(III)(LX)-catalyzed amidative alkyl migration using 2,6-disubstituted phenyl azidoformates. Upon the cobalt-nitrenoid insertion toward the substituted ortho carbon, an arenium cationic species bearing a quaternary carbon is generated, and a subsequent alkyl migration process is suggested to occur through an unforeseen alkyl-walking mechanism. A quinolinol ligand of the cobalt catalyst system is proposed to facilitate the final product-releasing rearomatization process by serving as an internal base. This new mechanistic mode enabled both [1,2]- and [1,4]-alkyl rearrangements to allow the structural variation of N-heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyo Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Bora Kang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jia Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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15
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Li W, Zheng Y, Qu E, Bai J, Deng Q. β
‐Keto Amides: A Jack‐of‐All‐Trades Building Block in Organic Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Erdong Qu
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
| | - Qinyue Deng
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 P. R. China
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16
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Kumar R, Nguyen QH, Um TW, Shin S. Recent Progress in Enolonium Chemistry under Metal-Free Conditions. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100172. [PMID: 34418282 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Umpolung approach through inversion of the polarity of conventional enolates, has opened up an unprecedented opportunity in the cross-coupling via alkylation. The enolonium equivalents can be accessed either by hypervalent iodine reagents, activation/oxidation of amides, or the oxidation of alkynes. Under umpolung conditions, highly basic conditions required for classical enolate chemistry can be avoided, and they can couple with unmodified nucleophiles such as heteroatom donors and electron-rich arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Quynh H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Um
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for New Directions in Organic Chemistry (CNOS), and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea
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17
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Najóczki F, Szabó M, Lihi N, Udvardy A, Fábián I. Synthesis and Characterization of 1,10-Phenanthroline-mono- N-oxides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123632. [PMID: 34198594 PMCID: PMC8231831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-oxides of N-heteroaromatic compounds find widespread applications in various fields of chemistry. Although the strictly planar aromatic structure of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) is expected to induce unique features of the corresponding N-oxides, so far the potential of these compounds has not been explored. In fact, appropriate procedure has not been reported for synthesizing these derivatives of phen. Now, we provide a straightforward method for the synthesis of a series of mono-N-oxides of 1,10-phenanthrolines. The parent compounds were oxidized by a green oxidant, peroxomonosulfate ion in acidic aqueous solution. The products were obtained in high quality and at good to excellent yields. A systematic study reveals a clear-cut correlation between the basicity of the compounds and the electronic effects of the substituents on the aromatic ring. The UV spectra of these compounds were predicted by DFT calculations at the TD-DFT/TPSSh/def2-TZVP level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Najóczki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (M.S.); (N.L.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Szabó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Norbert Lihi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (M.S.); (N.L.)
- MTA-DE Homogeneous Catalysis and Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Antal Udvardy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (M.S.); (N.L.)
- MTA-DE Homogeneous Catalysis and Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-512-900 (ext. 22378); Fax: +36-52-518-660
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18
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Martins B, Kaiser D, Bauer A, Tiefenbrunner I, Maulide N. Formal Enone α-Arylation via I(III)-Mediated Aryl Migration/Elimination. Org Lett 2021; 23:2094-2098. [PMID: 33635665 PMCID: PMC7985840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A formal enone α-arylation is described. This metal-free transformation relies on the I(III)-mediated skeletal reorganization of silyl enol ethers and features mild conditions, good yields, and high stereoselectivities for β-substituted enones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano Bauer
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Tiefenbrunner
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Bauer A, Maulide N. Recent discoveries on the structure of iodine(iii) reagents and their use in cross-nucleophile coupling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:853-864. [PMID: 34163852 PMCID: PMC8178994 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective article discusses structural features of iodine(iii) compounds as a prelude to presenting their use as umpolung reagents, in particular as pertains to their ability to promote the selective coupling of two nucleophilic species via 2e- oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria http://maulide.univie.ac.at
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria http://maulide.univie.ac.at
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20
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Fernandes AJ, Michelet B, Panossian A, Martin-Mingot A, Leroux FR, Thibaudeau S. Formation of synthetically relevant CF 3-substituted phenonium ions in superacid media. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25695-25699. [PMID: 35478903 PMCID: PMC9036966 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Under superacidic conditions, CF3-substituted phenonium ions can be generated to furnish original CF3-substituted dihydrostilbenes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastien Michelet
- IC2MP
- UMR CNRS 7285
- Equipe “Synthèse Organique”
- Université de Poitiers
- Cedex 9
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- UMR 7042-LIMA
- ECPM
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21
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Kiefl GM, Gulder T. α-Functionalization of Ketones via a Nitrogen Directed Oxidative Umpolung. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20577-20582. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. Kiefl
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Mochimatsu T, Aota Y, Kano T, Maruoka K. CuCl
2
‐Mediated Oxidative Intramolecular α‐Arylation of Ketones with Phenolic Nucleophiles via Oxy‐Allyl Cation Intermediates. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3816-3819. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Mochimatsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yusuke Aota
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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23
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Bauer A, Di Mauro G, Li J, Maulide N. An α-Cyclopropanation of Carbonyl Derivatives by Oxidative Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18208-18212. [PMID: 32808419 PMCID: PMC7589340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of iodine(III) reagents towards nucleophiles is often associated with umpolung and cationic mechanisms. Herein, we report a general process converting a range of ketone derivatives into α-cyclopropanated ketones by oxidative umpolung. Mechanistic investigation and careful characterization of side products revealed that the reaction follows an unexpected pathway and suggests the intermediacy of non-classical carbocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Giovanni Di Mauro
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Jing Li
- Department of ChemistryTohoku UniversityAoba-ku980-8578SendaiJapan
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
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24
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Zawodny W, Teskey CJ, Mishevska M, Völkl M, Maryasin B, González L, Maulide N. α‐Funktionalisierung von Ketonen durch metallfreie elektrophile Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zawodny
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Christopher J. Teskey
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Magdalena Mishevska
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Martin Völkl
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institut für organische Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 38 1090 Wien Österreich
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25
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Zawodny W, Teskey CJ, Mishevska M, Völkl M, Maryasin B, González L, Maulide N. α-Functionalisation of Ketones Through Metal-Free Electrophilic Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20935-20939. [PMID: 32914929 PMCID: PMC7693173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Triflic anhydride mediated activation of acetophenones leads to highly electrophilic intermediates that can undergo a variety of transformations when treated with nucleophiles. This electrophilic ketone activation gives access to α‐arylated and α‐oxyaminated acetophenones under metal‐free conditions in moderate to excellent yields and enables extension to the synthesis of arylated morpholines via generation of vinylsulfonium salts. Computational investigations confirmed the transient existence of intermediates derived from vinyl triflates and the role of the oxygen atoms at the para position of aromatic ring in facilitating their stabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zawodny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Mishevska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Völkl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Bauer A, Di Mauro G, Li J, Maulide N. An α‐Cyclopropanation of Carbonyl Derivatives by Oxidative Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Giovanni Di Mauro
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry Tohoku University Aoba-ku 980-8578 Sendai Japan
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
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27
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Guo T, Ding Y, Zhou L, Xu H, Loh TP, Wu X. Palladium-Catalyzed anti-Michael Reductive Heck Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Esters. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yalan Ding
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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28
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Xu S, Holst HM, McGuire SB, Race NJ. Reagent Control Enables Selective and Regiodivergent Opening of Unsymmetrical Phenonium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8090-8096. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hannah M. Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shelby B. McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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29
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Aota Y, Doko Y, Kano T, Maruoka K. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular α-Arylation of Ketones with Phenolic Nucleophiles via Oxy-Allyl Cation Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aota
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuki Doko
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Sakyo 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; 510006 Guangzhou China
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30
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More AA, Santra SK, Szpilman AM. Azido-Enolonium Species in C-C and C-N Bond-Forming Coupling Reactions. Org Lett 2020; 22:768-771. [PMID: 31916772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinyl azides react with boron trifluoride activated Koser's hypervalent iodine reagent to afford azido-enolonium species. These previously unknown azido-enolonium species react efficiently with aromatic compounds, allyltrimethylsilane, and azoles under mild conditions, with no need for a transition-metal catalyst, forming C-C and C-N bonds to give a variety of α-functionalized ketones. The intermediacy of the proposed azido-enolonium species is supported by spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul A More
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Ariel University , Ariel 4070000 , Israel
| | - Sourav K Santra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Ariel University , Ariel 4070000 , Israel
| | - Alex M Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Ariel University , Ariel 4070000 , Israel
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31
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Dai PF, Wang H, Cui XC, Qu JP, Kang YB. Recent progress in C(aryl)–C(alkyl) bond cleavage of alkylarenes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of the C(aryl)–C(alkyl) σ-bond is important both in academy and industry as it holds the potential to provide straightforward access to a variety of targets from readily available chemical feedstocks such like alkylarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Dai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xian-Chao Cui
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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32
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Huang WH, Huang GB, Zhu WR, Weng J, Lu G. Transition metal-free synthesis of α-aryl ketones via oxyallyl cation capture with arylboronic acids. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00447b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Arylated ketones were accessed via oxyallyl cation capture with arylboronic acids in good yields with broad substrate tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Gong-Bin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Run Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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33
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Li J, Bauer A, Di Mauro G, Maulide N. α-Arylation of Carbonyl Compounds through Oxidative C-C Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9816-9819. [PMID: 31112360 PMCID: PMC6771532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetically useful approach for the direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds through a novel oxidative C-C bond activation is reported. This mechanistically unusual process relies on a 1,2-aryl shift and results in all-carbon quaternary centers. The transformation displays broad functional-group tolerance and can in principle also be applied as an asymmetric variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Adriano Bauer
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Giovanni Di Mauro
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- University of ViennaInstitute of Organic ChemistryWähringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
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