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Shende VV, Bauman KD, Moore BS. The shikimate pathway: gateway to metabolic diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:604-648. [PMID: 38170905 PMCID: PMC11043010 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2023The shikimate pathway is the metabolic process responsible for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Seven metabolic steps convert phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) into shikimate and ultimately chorismate, which serves as the branch point for dedicated aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants (yet not animals) biosynthesize chorismate and exploit its intermediates in their specialized metabolism. This review highlights the metabolic diversity derived from intermediates of the shikimate pathway along the seven steps from PEP and E4P to chorismate, as well as additional sections on compounds derived from prephenate, anthranilate and the synonymous aminoshikimate pathway. We discuss the genomic basis and biochemical support leading to shikimate-derived antibiotics, lipids, pigments, cofactors, and other metabolites across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Shende
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Katherine D Bauman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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2
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Kries H, Trottmann F, Hertweck C. Novel Biocatalysts from Specialized Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202309284. [PMID: 37737720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are increasingly recognized as valuable (bio)catalysts that complement existing synthetic methods. However, the range of biotransformations used in the laboratory is limited. Here we give an overview on the biosynthesis-inspired discovery of novel biocatalysts that address various synthetic challenges. Prominent examples from this dynamic field highlight remarkable enzymes for protecting-group-free amide formation and modification, control of pericyclic reactions, stereoselective hetero- and polycyclizations, atroposelective aryl couplings, site-selective C-H activations, introduction of ring strain, and N-N bond formation. We also explore unusual functions of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, radical SAM-dependent enzymes, flavoproteins, and enzymes recruited from primary metabolism, which offer opportunities for synthetic biology, enzyme engineering, directed evolution, and catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo Kries
- Junior Research Group Biosynthetic Design of Natural Products, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix Trottmann
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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3
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Chen X, Li B. How nature incorporates sulfur and selenium into bioactive natural products. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102377. [PMID: 37598530 PMCID: PMC10538389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved various strategies to incorporate sulfur and selenium into bioactive natural products. These chalcogen-containing compounds serve important and diverse biological functions for their producers and many of them are essential medicines against infectious diseases and cancer. We review recent advances in the biosynthesis of some sulfur/selenium-containing natural products with a focus on the formation or cleavage of C-S/C-Se bonds. We highlight unusual enzymes that catalyze these transformations, describe their proposed mechanisms, and discuss how understanding these enzymes may facilitate the discovery and synthesis of novel natural products containing sulfur or selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Chemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Steele AD, Kiefer AF, Shen B. The many facets of sulfur incorporation in natural product biosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102366. [PMID: 37451204 PMCID: PMC10527158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing natural products (S-containing NPs) exhibit diverse chemical structures and biosynthetic machineries. Unraveling the intricate chemistry of S-incorporation requires innovative and multidisciplinary approaches. In this review, we surveyed the landscape of S-containing NP biosynthetic machineries, classified the S-incorporation chemistry into four distinct classes, and highlighted each of the four classes with representative examples from recent studies. All highlighted chemistry has been correlated to the genes encoding the biosynthetic machineries of the S-containing NPs, which open new opportunities to discover S-containing NPs through genome mining. These examples should inspire the community to explore uncharted territories in NP research, promoting further advancements in both novel S-containing NP discovery and S-incorporation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Steele
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Alexander F Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States; Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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5
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Chatterjee S, Hausinger RP. Sulfur incorporation into biomolecules: recent advances. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:461-476. [PMID: 36403141 PMCID: PMC10192010 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for a variety of cellular constituents in all living organisms and adds considerable functionality to a wide range of biomolecules. The pathways for incorporating sulfur into central metabolites of the cell such as cysteine, methionine, cystathionine, and homocysteine have long been established. Furthermore, the importance of persulfide intermediates during the biosynthesis of thionucleotide-containing tRNAs, iron-sulfur clusters, thiamin diphosphate, and the molybdenum cofactor are well known. This review briefly surveys these topics while emphasizing more recent aspects of sulfur metabolism that involve unconventional biosynthetic pathways. Sacrificial sulfur transfers from protein cysteinyl side chains to precursors of thiamin and the nickel-pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor are described. Newer aspects of synthesis for lipoic acid, biotin, and other compounds are summarized, focusing on the requisite iron-sulfur cluster destruction. Sulfur transfers by using a noncore sulfide ligand bound to a [4Fe-4S] cluster are highlighted for generating certain thioamides and for alternative biosynthetic pathways of thionucleotides and the NPN cofactor. Thioamide formation by activating an amide oxygen atom via phosphorylation also is illustrated. The discussion of these topics stresses the chemical reaction mechanisms of the transformations and generally avoids comments on the gene/protein nomenclature or the sources of the enzymes. This work sets the stage for future efforts to decipher the diverse mechanisms of sulfur incorporation into biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert P. Hausinger
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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6
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Gude F, Molloy EM, Horch T, Dell M, Dunbar KL, Krabbe J, Groll M, Hertweck C. A Specialized Polythioamide‐Binding Protein Confers Antibiotic Self‐Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206168. [PMID: 35852818 PMCID: PMC9545259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Understanding antibiotic resistance mechanisms is central to the development of anti‐infective therapies and genomics‐based drug discovery. Yet, many knowledge gaps remain regarding the resistance strategies employed against novel types of antibiotics from less‐explored producers such as anaerobic bacteria, among them the Clostridia. Through the use of genome editing and functional assays, we found that CtaZ confers self‐resistance against the copper chelator and gyrase inhibitor closthioamide (CTA) in Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. Bioinformatics, biochemical analyses, and X‐ray crystallography revealed CtaZ as a founding member of a new group of GyrI‐like proteins. CtaZ is unique in binding a polythioamide scaffold in a ligand‐optimized hydrophobic pocket, thereby confining CTA. By genome mining using CtaZ as a handle, we discovered previously overlooked homologs encoded by diverse members of the phylum Firmicutes, including many pathogens. In addition to characterizing both a new role for a GyrI‐like domain in self‐resistance and unprecedented thioamide binding, this work aids in uncovering related drug‐resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Gude
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Therese Horch
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Maria Dell
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Jana Krabbe
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Protein AssembliesTechnical University of MunichErnst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 885747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Research Unit Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll InstituteAdolf-Reichwein-Straße 2307745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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7
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Horch T, Molloy EM, Bredy F, Haensch VG, Scherlach K, Dunbar KL, Franke J, Hertweck C. Alternative Benzoxazole Assembly Discovered in Anaerobic Bacteria Provides Access to Privileged Heterocyclic Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205409. [PMID: 35656913 PMCID: PMC9400959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazole scaffolds feature prominently in diverse synthetic and natural product‐derived pharmaceuticals. Our understanding of their bacterial biosynthesis is, however, limited to ortho‐substituted heterocycles from actinomycetes. We report an overlooked biosynthetic pathway in anaerobic bacteria (typified in Clostridium cavendishii) that expands the benzoxazole chemical space to meta‐substituted heterocycles and heralds a distribution beyond Actinobacteria. The first benzoxazoles from the anaerobic realm (closoxazole A and B) were elucidated by NMR and chemical synthesis. By genome editing in the native producer, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, and systematic pathway dissection we show that closoxazole biosynthesis invokes an unprecedented precursor usage (3‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzoate) and manner of assembly. Synthetic utility was demonstrated by the precursor‐directed biosynthesis of a tafamidis analogue. A bioinformatic survey reveals the pervasiveness of related gene clusters in diverse bacterial phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Horch
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Florian Bredy
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Veit G. Haensch
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jonathan Franke
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany
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8
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Gude F, Molloy EM, Horch T, Dell M, Dunbar KL, Krabbe J, Groll M, Hertweck C. A Specialized Polythioamide‐Binding Protein Confers Antibiotic Self‐Resistance in Anaerobic Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Finn Gude
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Therese Horch
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Maria Dell
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jana Krabbe
- Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Michael Groll
- TU München: Technische Universitat Munchen Center for Protein Assemblies GERMANY
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena GERMANY
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9
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Horch T, Molloy EM, Bredy F, Haensch VG, Scherlach K, Dunbar KL, Franke J, Hertweck C. Alternative Benzoxazole Assembly Discovered in Anaerobic Bacteria Provides Access to Privileged Heterocyclic Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Horch
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Florian Bredy
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Veit G. Haensch
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jonathan Franke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena GERMANY
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10
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Santos-Aberturas J, Vior NM. Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:195. [PMID: 35203798 PMCID: PMC8868522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Although screening campaigns for the discovery of new compounds have traditionally been strongly biased towards the study of soil-dwelling Actinobacteria, the current antibiotic resistance and discovery crisis has brought a considerable amount of attention to the study of previously neglected bacterial sources of secondary metabolites. The development and application of new screening, sequencing, genetic manipulation, cultivation and bioinformatic techniques have revealed several other groups of bacteria as producers of striking chemical novelty. Biosynthetic machineries evolved from independent taxonomic origins and under completely different ecological requirements and selective pressures are responsible for these structural innovations. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries related to secondary metabolites from alternative bacterial sources, trying to provide the reader with a broad perspective on how technical novelties have facilitated the access to the bacterial metabolic dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia M. Vior
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR7 4UH, UK
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11
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Little RF, Hertweck C. Chain release mechanisms in polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:163-205. [PMID: 34622896 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Review covering up to mid-2021The structure of polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide natural products is strongly influenced by how they are released from their biosynthetic enzymes. As such, Nature has evolved a diverse range of release mechanisms, leading to the formation of bioactive chemical scaffolds such as lactones, lactams, diketopiperazines, and tetronates. Here, we review the enzymes and mechanisms used for chain release in polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis, how these mechanisms affect natural product structure, and how they could be utilised to introduce structural diversity into the products of engineered biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory F Little
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Germany.
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Germany.
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12
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Song S, Hyodo T, Ikeda H, Vu KAL, Tang Y, Chan ES, Otani Y, Inagaki S, Yamaguchi K, Ohwada T. Contribution of Solvents to Geometrical Preference in the Z/ E Equilibrium of N-Phenylthioacetamide. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1641-1660. [PMID: 34082529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the Z/E preference of N-phenylthioacetamide (thioacetanilide) derivatives in various solvents by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, as well as molecular dynamics (MD) and other computational analyses. Our experimental results indicate that the Z/E isomer preference of secondary (NH)thioamides of N-phenylthioacetamides shows substantial solvent dependency, whereas the corresponding amides do not show solvent dependency of the Z/E isomer ratios. Detailed study of the solvent effects based on molecular dynamics simulations revealed that there are two main modes of hydrogen (H)-bond formation between solvent and (NH)thioacetamide, which influence the Z/E isomer preference of (NH)thioamides. DFT calculations of NH-thioamide in the presence of one or two explicit solvent molecules in the continuum solvent model can effectively mimic the solvation by multiple solvent molecules surrounding the thioamide in MD simulations and shed light on the precise nature of the interactions between thioamide and solvent. Orbital interaction analysis showed that, counterintuitively, the Z/E preference of NH-thioacetamides is mainly determined by steric repulsion, while that of sterically congested N-methylthioacetamides is mainly determined by thioamide conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Song
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kim Anh L Vu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599
| | - Yulan Tang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Erika S Chan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yuko Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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13
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Liu A, Krushnamurthy PH, Subramanya KS, Mitchell DA, Mahanta N. Enzymatic thioamidation of peptide backbones. Methods Enzymol 2021; 656:459-494. [PMID: 34325795 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thioamides are found in a few natural products and two known protein assemblies: the Escherichia coli ribosome and methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) from methane-metabolizing archaea. Compared to an amide, thioamides alter the physical and chemical properties of peptide backbones, including the conformation dynamics, proteolytic stability, hydrogen-bonding capabilities, and possibly reactivity of a protein when installed. Recently, there has been significant progress in elucidating enzymatic post-translational thioamide installation, with most work leveraging the archaeal MCR-modifying enzymes. This chapter describes the protocols used for the in vitro enzymatic thioamidation of MCR-derived peptides, including polypeptide overexpression, purification, reaction reconstitution, and mass spectrometry-based product analysis. In addition, we highlight the protocols used for the biochemical, kinetics, and binding studies using recombinant enzymes obtained heterologously from E. coli. We anticipate that these methods will serve to guide future studies on peptide post-translational thioamidation, as well as other peptide backbone modifications using a parallel workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Liu
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - P H Krushnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Subramanya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Douglas A Mitchell
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Nilkamal Mahanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Dunbar KL, Dell M, Molloy EM, Büttner H, Kumpfmüller J, Hertweck C. An Unexpected Split-Merge Pathway in the Assembly of the Symmetric Nonribosomal Peptide Antibiotic Closthioamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4104-4109. [PMID: 33119936 PMCID: PMC7898593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Closthioamide (CTA) is a symmetric nonribosomal peptide (NRP) comprised of two diaminopropane-linked polythioamidated monomers. CTA is biosynthesized by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum via an atypical NRP synthetase (NRPS)-independent biosynthetic pathway. Although the logic for monomer assembly was recently elucidated, the strategy for the biosynthesis and incorporation of the diamine linker remained a mystery. By means of genome editing, synthesis, and in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate that the final steps in CTA maturation proceed through a surprising split-merge pathway involving the dual use of a thiotemplated intermediate. This pathway includes the first examples of an aldo-keto reductase catalyzing the reductive release of a thiotemplated product, and of a transthioamidating transglutaminase. In addition to clarifying the remaining steps in CTA assembly, our data shed light on largely unexplored pathways for NRPS-independent peptide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Dunbar
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Maria Dell
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Hannah Büttner
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Dept. of Biomolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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15
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Zallot R, Oberg N, Gerlt JA. Discovery of new enzymatic functions and metabolic pathways using genomic enzymology web tools. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 69:77-90. [PMID: 33418450 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuing expansion of protein and genome sequence databases is an opportunity to identify novel enzymes with biotechnological applications. Whether applied to enzymology, chemical biology, systems biology, and microbiology, database mining must be 'user-friendly' so that experimentalists can devise focused strategies to discover the in vitro activities and in vivo functions of uncharacterized enzymes. We developed a suite of genomic enzymology tools (https://efi.igb.illinois.edu/) to (1) generate sequence similarity networks (SSNs) for exploration of sequence-function space in protein families (EFI-EST) and (2) provide genome context for members of protein families (EFI-GNT). Integrated analysis of this complementary information allows to generate testable hypotheses about new functions. After a brief overview of EFI-EST and EFI-GNT, we describe applications that illustrate their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Zallot
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Oberg
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John A Gerlt
- Carl. R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
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16
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Dunbar KL, Dell M, Molloy EM, Büttner H, Kumpfmüller J, Hertweck C. An Unexpected Split‐Merge Pathway in the Assembly of the Symmetric Nonribosomal Peptide Antibiotic Closthioamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Dunbar
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Maria Dell
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Hannah Büttner
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jana Kumpfmüller
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany
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17
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Liu R, Yu D, Deng Z, Liu T. Harnessing in vitro platforms for natural product research: in vitro driven rational engineering and mining (iDREAM). Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 69:1-9. [PMID: 33027693 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Well-known issues amid in vivo research of natural product discovery and overproduction, such as unculturable or unmanipulable microorganisms, labor-intensive experimental cycles, and hidden rate-limiting steps, have hampered relevant investigations. To overcome these long-standing challenges, many researchers are turning toward in vitro platforms, which bypass the complicated cellular machinery and simplify the study of natural products. Here, we summarize the in vitro driven rational engineering and mining (iDREAM) strategy, which harnesses the flexibility and controllability of in vitro systems to rationally overproduce commodity chemicals and efficiently mine novel compounds. The iDREAM strategy promises to make further significant contributions toward both fundamental advances and industrial practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Dingchen Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, PR China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, PR China.
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18
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Zhong Z, He B, Li J, Li YX. Challenges and advances in genome mining of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:155-172. [PMID: 32637669 PMCID: PMC7327761 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a class of cyclic or linear peptidic natural products with remarkable structural and functional diversity. Recent advances in genomics and synthetic biology, are facilitating us to discover a large number of new ribosomal natural products, including lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, sactipeptides, thiopeptides, microviridins, cyanobactins, linear thiazole/oxazole-containing peptides and so on. In this review, we summarize bioinformatic strategies that have been developed to identify and prioritize biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding RiPPs, and the genome mining-guided discovery of novel RiPPs. We also prospectively provide a vision of what genomics-guided discovery of RiPPs may look like in the future, especially the discovery of RiPPs from dominant but uncultivated microbes, which will be promoted by the combinational use of synthetic biology and metagenome mining strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Beibei He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), China
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19
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Reconstitution of polythioamide antibiotic backbone formation reveals unusual thiotemplated assembly strategy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8850-8858. [PMID: 32265283 PMCID: PMC7183216 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918759117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are a vast class of natural products and an important source of therapeutics. Typically, these secondary metabolites are assembled by NRP synthetases (NRPSs) that function on substrates covalently linked to the enzyme by a thioester, in a process known as thiotemplated biosynthesis. Although NRPS-independent assembly pathways are known, all are nonthiotemplated. Here we report an NRPS-independent yet thiotemplated pathway for NRP biosynthesis and demonstrate that members of the ATP-grasp and cysteine protease families form the β-peptide backbone of an antibiotic. Armed with this knowledge, we provide genomic evidence that this noncanonical assembly pathway is widespread in bacteria. Our results will inspire future genome mining efforts for the discovery of potential therapeutics that otherwise would be overlooked. Closthioamide (CTA) is a rare example of a thioamide-containing nonribosomal peptide and is one of only a handful of secondary metabolites described from obligately anaerobic bacteria. Although the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for CTA production and the thioamide synthetase that catalyzes sulfur incorporation were recently discovered, the logic for peptide backbone assembly has remained a mystery. Here, through the use of in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate that the amide backbone of CTA is assembled in an unusual thiotemplated pathway involving the cooperation of a transacylating member of the papain-like cysteine protease family and an iteratively acting ATP-grasp protein. Using the ATP-grasp protein as a bioinformatic handle, we identified hundreds of such thiotemplated yet nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-independent biosynthetic gene clusters across diverse bacterial phyla. The data presented herein not only clarify the pathway for the biosynthesis of CTA, but also provide a foundation for the discovery of additional secondary metabolites produced by noncanonical biosynthetic pathways.
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20
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Zhang F, Wyche TP, Zhu Y, Braun DR, Yan JX, Chanana S, Ge Y, Guzei IA, Chevrette MG, Currie CR, Thomas MG, Rajski SR, Bugni TS. MS-Derived Isotopic Fine Structure Reveals Forazoline A as a Thioketone-Containing Marine-Derived Natural Product. Org Lett 2020; 22:1275-1279. [PMID: 32017574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Forazoline A is a structurally complex PKS-NRPS hybrid produced by marine-derived Actinomadura sp. During the course of studies highlighting the application of IFS analysis as a powerful tool for natural products analysis, we were alerted to an earlier misinterpretation with respect to forazoline A structure elucidation. In particular, IFS reveals that forazoline A contains a thioketone moiety rarely seen in secondary metabolites and, thus, constitutes an even more intriguing structure than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Thomas P Wyche
- Merck & Co., Inc. , 320 Bent Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02141 , United States
| | - Yanlong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Doug R Braun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Jia-Xuan Yan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Shaurya Chanana
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Marc G Chevrette
- Department of Genetics , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Department of Bacteriology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Cameron R Currie
- Department of Bacteriology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Michael G Thomas
- Department of Bacteriology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Scott R Rajski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
| | - Tim S Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
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21
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Dunbar KL, Dell M, Molloy EM, Kloss F, Hertweck C. Reconstitution of Iterative Thioamidation in Closthioamide Biosynthesis Reveals Tailoring Strategy for Nonribosomal Peptide Backbones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13014-13018. [PMID: 31276268 PMCID: PMC6772006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thioamide‐containing nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are exceedingly rare. Recently the biosynthetic gene cluster for the thioamidated NRP antibiotic closthioamide (CTA) was reported, however, the enzyme responsible for and the timing of thioamide formation remained enigmatic. Here, genome editing, biochemical assays, and mutational studies are used to demonstrate that an Fe‐S cluster containing member of the adenine nucleotide α‐hydrolase protein superfamily (CtaC) is responsible for sulfur incorporation during CTA biosynthesis. However, unlike all previously characterized members, CtaC functions in a thiotemplated manner. In addition to prompting a revision of the CTA biosynthetic pathway, the reconstitution of CtaC provides the first example of a NRP thioamide synthetase. Finally, CtaC is used as a bioinformatic handle to demonstrate that thioamidated NRP biosynthetic gene clusters are more widespread than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Dunbar
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Dell
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Evelyn M Molloy
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Kloss
- Transfer Group Antiinfectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Chair of Natural Product Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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22
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Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the Press. Nat Prod Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np90045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as burlemarxione A from Clusia burle-marxii.
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