1
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Si C, Wang T, Xu Y, Lin D, Sun D, Zysman-Colman E. A temperature sensor with a wide spectral range based on a dual-emissive TADF dendrimer system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7439. [PMID: 39198389 PMCID: PMC11358277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual emission from thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is often difficult to observe, especially in solution, limited by Kasha's rule. Two TADF dendrimers containing N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as acceptors are designed and synthesized. Compound 2GCzBPN, having a strongly twisted geometry, exhibits TADF, while 2GCzBPPZ, possessing a less twisted geometry, shows dual emission associated with the monomer and aggregate that is TADF. The demonstration reveals that 2GCzBPPZ can serve as a temperature sensor with excellent temperature sensitivity and remarkably wide emission color response in solution. By embedding 2GCzBPPZ in paraffin we demonstrate a spatial-temperature sensor that shows a noticeable emission shift from yellow to green and ultimately to blue as the temperature increases from 20 to 200 °C. We finally demonstrate the utility of these TADF dendrimers in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Yan Xu
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dongqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Dianming Sun
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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2
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Liu H, Liu Y, Chen G, Meng Y, Peng H, Miao J, Yang C. Nonplanar structure accelerates reverse intersystem crossing of TADF emitters: nearly 40% EQE and relieved efficiency roll off. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12598-12605. [PMID: 39118617 PMCID: PMC11304530 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring strategies to enhance reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) is of great significance to develop efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) molecules. In this study, we investigate the substantial impact of nonplanar structure on improving the rate of RISC (k RISC). Three emitters based on spiroacridine donors are developed to evaluate this hypothesis. All molecules exhibit high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) of 96-98% due to their rigid donor and acceptor. Leveraging the synergistic effects of heavy element effect and nonplanar geometry, S2-TRZ exhibits an accelerated k RISC of 24.2 × 105 s-1 compared to the 11.1 × 105 s-1 of S1-TRZ, which solely incorporates heavy atoms. Additionally, O1-TRZ possesses a further lower k RISC of 9.42 × 105 s-1 because of the absence of these effects. Remarkably, owing to the high PLQYs and suitable TADF behaviors, devices based on these emitters exhibit state-of-the-art performance, including a maximum external quantum efficiency of up to 40.1% and maximum current efficiency of 124.7 cd A-1. More importantly, devices utilizing S2-TRZ as an emitter achieve a relieved efficiency roll-off of only 7% under 1000 cd m-2, in contrast to the 12% for O1-TRZ and 11% for S1-TRZ, respectively. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of TADF processes for high-performance electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Guohao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yuan Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
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3
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Fermi A, D'Agostino S, Dai Y, Brunetti F, Negri F, Gingras M, Ceroni P. Unravelling the Role of Structural Factors in the Luminescence Properties of Persulfurated Benzenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401768. [PMID: 38818940 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence rarely occurs from pure organic molecules, especially in the solid-state. A strategy for the design of highly emissive organic phosphors is still hard to predict, thus impeding the development of new functional materials with the desired optical properties. Herein, we analyze a family of alkyl and aryl-substituted persulfurated benzenes, the latter representing a class of organic solid-state triplet emitters able to show very high emission quantum yield at room temperature. In this work, we correlate structural parameters with the photophysical properties observed in different experimental conditions (diluted solution, crystalline and amorphous phase at RT and low temperature). Our results, corroborated by a detailed computational analysis, indicate a close relationship between the luminescence properties and i) the nature of the substituents on the persulfurated core, ii) the adopted conformations in the solid state, both in crystalline and amorphous phases. These factors contribute to characterize the lowest-energy lying excited-state, its deactivation pathways, the phosphorescence lifetime and quantum yield. These findings provide a useful roadmap for the development of highly performing purely organic solid-state emitters based on the persulfurated benzene platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum -, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum -, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yasi Dai
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum -, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum -, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum -, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marc Gingras
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM, 163 Av. de Luminy, 13009 -, Marseille, France
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum -, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Shen S, Xie Q, Sahoo SR, Jin J, Baryshnikov GV, Sun H, Wu H, Ågren H, Liu Q, Zhu L. Edible Long-Afterglow Photoluminescent Materials for Bioimaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404888. [PMID: 38738587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Confining luminophores into modified hydrophilic matrices or polymers is a straightforward and widely used approach for afterglow bioimaging. However, the afterglow quantum yield and lifetime of the related material remain unsatisfactory, severely limiting the using effect especially for deep-tissue time-resolved imaging. This fact largely stems from the dilemma between material biocompatibility and the quenching effect of water environment. Herein an in situ metathesis promoted doping strategy is presented, namely, mixing ≈10-3 weight ratio of organic-emitter multicarboxylates with inorganic salt reactants, followed by metathesis reactions to prepare a series of hydrophilic but water-insoluble organic-inorganic doping afterglow materials. This strategy leads to the formation of edible long-afterglow photoluminescent materials with superior biocompatibility and excellent bioimaging effect. The phosphorescence quantum yield of the materials can reach dozens of percent (the highest case: 66.24%), together with the photoluminescent lifetime lasting for coupes of seconds. Specifically, a long-afterglow barium meal formed by coronene salt emitter and BaSO4 matrix is applied into animal experiments by gavage, and bright stomach afterglow imaging is observed by instruments or mobile phone after ceasing the photoexcitation with deep tissue penetration. This strategy allows a flexible dosage of the materials during bioimaging, facilitating the development of real-time probing and theranostic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qishan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Smruti Ranjan Sahoo
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Glib V Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Qingsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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5
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Larson AT, Boyle B, Labrecque J, Ly A, Bui C, Vasylevskyi S, Rose MJ. Synthesis and Conformational Dynamics of Selenanthrene (Oxides): Establishing an Energetic Flexibility Index for Scaffolds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10240-10250. [PMID: 38758580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The use of new dynamic scaffolds for constructing inorganic and organometallic complexes with enhanced reactivities is an important new research direction. Toward this fundamental aim, an improved synthesis of the dynamic scaffold selenanthrene, along with its monoxide, trans-dioxide and the previously unknown trioxide, is reported. A discussion of the potential reaction mechanism for selenanthrene is provided, and all products were characterized using 1H, 13C, and 77Se nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The dynamic ring inversion processes (i.e., "butterfly motion") for selenanthrene and its oxides were investigated using variable-temperature 1H NMR and density functional theory calculations. The findings suggest that selenanthrene possesses a roughly equal barrier to inversion as its sulfur analogue, thianthrene. However, selenanthrene oxides evidently possess larger inversion barriers as compared to their sulfur analogues due to the enhanced electrostatic intramolecular interactions inherent between the highly polar selenium-oxygen bond and adjacent C-H moieties. Finally, we propose a quantitative "flexibility index" in deg/(kcal/mol) for various tricyclic scaffolds to provide researchers with a comparative scale of dynamic motion across many different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brett Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jordan Labrecque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Anh Ly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Cecilia Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 105 E 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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Wang H, Peng C, Chen M, Xiao Y, Zhang T, Liu X, Chen Q, Yu T, Huang W. Wide-Range Color-Tunable Organic Scintillators for X-Ray Imaging Through Host-Guest Doping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316190. [PMID: 38009958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing demands of X-ray detection and medical diagnosis, organic scintillators with intense and tunable X-ray excited emission have been becoming important. To guarantee the X-ray absorption, heavy atoms were widely added in reported organic scintillators, which led to emission quenching. In this work, we propose a new strategy to realize organic scintillators through the host-guest doping strategy. Then the X-ray absorption centers (host) and emission centers (guest) are separated. Under X-ray excitation, these materials displayed intense and readily tunable emissions ranging from green (520 nm) to near infrared (NIR) regions (682 nm). Besides, the relationship between the X-ray absorption and spatial arrangement of the heavy atoms in the host matrix was also revealed. The potential application of these wide-range color tunable organic host-guest scintillators in X-ray imaging were demonstrated. This work provides a new feasible strategy for constructing high-performance organic scintillators with tunable luminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chenxi Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Minghong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, No. 2, Wulongjiang North Avenue, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaowang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, No. 2, Wulongjiang North Avenue, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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7
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Han W, Liu J, Ran C, Huang Z, Gao G, You J, Bin Z. Alignment of Heptagonal Diimide and Triazine Enables Narrowband Pure-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Low Efficiency Roll-Off. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312297. [PMID: 37815880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The endeavor to develop high-performance narrowband blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off represents an attractive challenge. Herein, we introduce a hetero-acceptor design strategy centered around the heptagonal diimide (BPI) building block to create an efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer. The alignment of a twisted BPI unit and a planar diphenyltriazine (TRZ) fragment imparts remarkable exciton dynamic properties to 26tCz-TRZBPI, including a fast radiative decay rate (kR ) of 1.0×107 s-1 and a swift reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC ) of 1.8×106 s-1 , complemented by a slow non-radiative decay rate (kNR ) of 6.0×103 s-1 . Consequently, 26tCz-TRZBPI facilitates the fabrication of high-performance narrowband pure-blue TADF-sensitized fluorescence OLEDs (TSF-OLEDs) with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 24.3 % and low efficiency roll-off even at a high brightness level of 10000 cd m-2 (EQE10000 : 16.8 %). This showcases a record-breaking external quantum efficiency at a high luminance level of 10000 cd m-2 for narrowband blue TSF-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yang X, Waterhouse GIN, Lu S, Yu J. Recent advances in the design of afterglow materials: mechanisms, structural regulation strategies and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8005-8058. [PMID: 37880991 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Afterglow materials are attracting widespread attention owing to their distinctive and long-lived optical emission properties which create exciting opportunities in various fields. Recent research has led to the discovery of many new afterglow materials featuring high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and lifetimes of up to several hours under ambient conditions. Afterglow materials are typically categorized according to their luminescence mechanism, such as long-persistent luminescence (LPL), room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Through rational design and novel synthetic strategies to modulate spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and populate triplet exciton states (T1), luminophores with long lifetimes and bright afterglow characteristics can be realized. Initial research towards afterglow materials focused mainly on pure inorganic materials, many of which possessed inherent disadvantages such as metal toxicity or low energy emissions. In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials (OIHAMs) have been developed with high PLQY and long lifetimes. These hybrid materials exploit the tunable structure and easy processing of organic molecules, as well as enhanced SOC and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes involving heavy atom dopants, to achieve excellent afterglow performance. In this review, we begin by briefly discussing the structure and composition of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including strategies for regulating their lifetime, PLQY and luminescence wavelength. The specific advantages of organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including low manufacturing costs, diverse molecular/electronic structures, tunable structures and optical properties, and compatibility with a variety of substrates, are emphasized. Subsequently, we discuss in detail the fundamental mechanisms used by afterglow materials, their classification, design principles, and end applications (including sensing, anticounterfeiting, and photoelectric devices, among others). Finally, existing challenges and promising future directions are discussed, laying a platform for the design of afterglow materials for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | | | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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9
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Zhang T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Kong S, Huang R, Ka-Man Au V, Yu T, Huang W. Highly Twisted Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Molecules and Their Applications in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301896. [PMID: 37288654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have attracted great potential in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Among thousands of TADF materials, highly twisted TADF emitters have become a hotspot in recent years. Compared with traditional TADF materials, highly twisted TADF emitters tend to show multi-channel charge-transfer characters and form rigid molecular structures. This is advantageous for TADF materials, as non-radiative decay processes can be suppressed to facilitate efficient exciton utilization. Accordingly, OLEDs with excellent device performances have also been reported. In this Review, we have summarized recent progress in highly twisted TADF materials and related devices, and give an overview of the molecular design strategies, photophysical studies, and the performances of OLED devices. In addition, the challenges and perspectives of highly twisted TADF molecules and the related OLEDs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuting Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongjuan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, 315103, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
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10
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Jiao Y, Chen Z, Qiu W, Xie H, Yang J, Peng X, Xie W, Gu Q, Li M, Liu K, Su SJ. Mild Synthesis of Polychlorinated Arenes for Efficient Organic Light-emitting Diodes with Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309104. [PMID: 37500601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated (hetero)arenes have shown great promise for organic optoelectronics applications. However, the harsh synthetic routes for polychlorinated compounds and the possible luminescence quenching from the compact intermolecular π-π stacking induced by chlorine atoms limit their investigations and applications in luminescent materials. Herein, two isomeric polychlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds JY-1-Cl and JY-2-Cl consisting of rigidified aryl ketones and amine are designed and synthesized under mild conditions through nucleophilic chlorination intermediated by an electron donor-acceptor complex. Among them, as a result of the strong π-π interactions induced by chlorine atoms, JY-2-Cl exhibits bright monomer and dimer emissions with dual thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characters. Notably, compared with the non-chlorinated compounds, a high photoluminescence quantum yield is maintained after introducing multiple chlorine atoms into JY-2-Cl. The first dual-TADF organic light-emitting diodes are also successfully fabricated with maximum external quantum efficiency as high as 29.1 % by employing JY-2-Cl as emitter. This work presents a new paradigm and synthesis of polychlorinated amine-carbonyl PAHs and demonstrates the great potential of the chlorinated materials for luminescent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiaji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guang-dong Province, P. R. China
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11
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Ramírez-Barroso S, Romeo-Gella F, Fernández-García JM, Feng S, Martínez-Fernández L, García-Fresnadillo D, Corral I, Martín N, Wannemacher R. Curved Nanographenes: Multiple Emission, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, and Non-Radiative Decay. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212064. [PMID: 37094332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing and rich photophysical properties of three curved nanographenes (CNG 6, 7, and 8) are investigated by time-resolved and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. CNG 7 and 8 exhibit dual fluorescence, as well as dual phosphorescence at low temperature in the main PL bands. In addition, hot bands are detected in fluorescence as well as phosphorescence, and, in the narrow temperature range of 100-140 K, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with lifetimes on the millisecond time-scale is observed. These findings are rationalized by quantum-chemical simulations, which predict a single minimum of the S1 potential of CNG 6, but two S1 minima for CNG 7 and CNG 8, with considerable geometric reorganization between them, in agreement with the experimental findings. Additionally, a higher-lying S2 minimum close to S1 is optimized for the three CNG, from where emission is also possible due to thermal activation and, hence, non-Kasha behavior. The presence of higher-lying dark triplet states close to the S1 minima provides mechanistic evidence for the TADF phenomena observed. Non-radiative decay of the T1 state appears to be thermally activated with activation energies of roughly 100 meV and leads to disappearance of phosphorescence and TADF at T > 140 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Siyang Feng
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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12
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Hojo R, Bergmann K, Elgadi SA, Mayder DM, Emmanuel MA, Oderinde MS, Hudson ZM. Imidazophenothiazine-Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials with Ultra-Long-Lived Excited States for Energy Transfer Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18366-18381. [PMID: 37556344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet energy transfer (EnT) is a powerful activation pathway in photocatalysis that unlocks new organic transformations and improves the sustainability of organic synthesis. Many current examples, however, still rely on platinum-group metal complexes as photosensitizers, with associated high costs and environmental impacts. Photosensitizers that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are attractive fully organic alternatives in EnT photocatalysis. However, TADF photocatalysts incorporating heavy atoms remain rare, despite their utility in inducing efficient spin-orbit-coupling, intersystem-crossing, and consequently a high triplet population. Here, we describe the synthesis of imidazo-phenothiazine (IPTZ), a sulfur-containing heterocycle with a locked planar structure and a shallow LUMO level. This acceptor is used to prepare seven TADF-active photocatalysts with triplet energies up to 63.9 kcal mol-1. We show that sulfur incorporation improves spin-orbit coupling and increases triplet lifetimes up to 3.64 ms, while also allowing for tuning of photophysical properties via oxidation at the sulfur atom. These IPTZ materials are applied as photocatalysts in five seminal EnT reactions: [2 + 2] cycloaddition, the disulfide-ene reaction, and Ni-mediated C-O and C-N cross-coupling to afford etherification, esterification, and amination products, outcompeting the industry-standard TADF photocatalyst 2CzPN in four of the five studied scenarios. Detailed photophysical and theoretical studies are used to understand structure-activity relationships and to demonstrate the key role of the heavy atom effect in the design of TADF materials with superior photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Hojo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katrina Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Seja A Elgadi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Megan A Emmanuel
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martins S Oderinde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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13
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Chen Z, Li M, Gu Q, Peng X, Qiu W, Xie W, Liu D, Jiao Y, Liu K, Zhou J, Su S. Highly Efficient Purely Organic Phosphorescence Light-Emitting Diodes Employing a Donor-Acceptor Skeleton with a Phenoxaselenine Donor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207003. [PMID: 36806703 PMCID: PMC10131844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials generally exhibit low phosphorescence quantum yield (ϕP ) and long phosphorescence lifetime (τP ) due to the theoretically spin-forbidden triplet state. Herein, by introducing a donor-acceptor (D-A) skeleton with a phenoxaselenine donor, three nonaromatic amine donor containing compounds with high ϕP and short τP in amorphous films are developed. Besides the enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) by the heavy-atom effect of selenium, the D-A skeleton which facilitates orbital angular momentum change can further boost SOC, and severe nonradiative energy dissipation is also suppressed by the rigid molecular structure. Consequently, a record-high external quantum efficiency of 19.5% are achieved for the RTP organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on 2-(phenoxaselenin-3-yl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (PXSeDRZ). Moreover, voltage-dependent color-tunable emission and single-molecule white emission are also realized. These results shed light on the broad prospects of purely organic phosphorescence materials as highly efficient OLED emitters especially for potential charming lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
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14
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Xia Y, Li J, Chen X, Li A, Guo K, Chen F, Zhao B, Chen Z, Wang H. Molecular Engineering of Push-Pull Diphenylsulfone Derivatives towards Aggregation-Induced Narrowband Deep Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Emitters. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202434. [PMID: 36168993 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Narrowband deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials have attracted significant attention. Herein, four asymmetrical structured TADF emitters based on diphenylsulfone (DPS) acceptor and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (DMAC) donor with progressive performances were developed. The tert-butyloxy auxiliary electron-donor was adopted to restrict the intramolecular rotations and provide efficient steric hindrance. Regioisomerization by altering the substitution position of DMAC on DPS unit further enhanced the intra- and inter-molecular interactions. The accompanying effects yielded increased energy level, minimized reorganization energy, and inhibited non-radiative transitions in the crystals of tBuO-SOmAD, which achieved narrowband deep-blue emission peaking at 424 nm (FWHM=64 nm, ΦF =33.6 %) through aggregation-induced, blue-shifted emission (AIBSE). In addition, deep-blue organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on tBuO-SOmAD realized the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum peaking located at 435 nm and CIE coordination of (0.12, 0.09).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of, Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of, Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Anran Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of, Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- Ningbo Institute of NPU, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of, Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Zhikuan Chen
- Ningbo Institute of NPU, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo, 315000, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of, Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China.,College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jin Zhong, 030600, P. R. China
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15
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Zhao M, Li M, Li W, Du S, Chen Z, Luo M, Qiu Y, Lu X, Yang S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Su S, Ge Z. Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters in Non‐Doped Electroluminescent Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210687. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Songyu Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Xumin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhichuan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Wushan Road 381, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 315201 Ningbo P. R. China
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16
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Highly Efficient Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters in Non‐Doped Electroluminescent Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Xu Z, Hean D, Yuan J, Wolf MO. Control of photoluminescence quantum yield and long-lived triplet emission lifetime in organic alloys. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6882-6887. [PMID: 35774161 PMCID: PMC9200050 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component crystalline organic alloys with a wide range of compositional ratios (from 30% to 90% of one component) are employed to tune excited-state lifetimes and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Alloy crystals exhibit homogeneous distribution of parent compounds by X-ray crystallography and differential scanning calorimetry. The alloys display a 1.5- to 5-fold enhancement in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) lifetime, compared to the parent compounds. PLQYs can also be tuned by changing alloy composition. The reverse intersystem crossing and long-lived lifetime of the parent compounds give rise to long-lived TADF in the alloys. Organic alloys enable tunability of both lifetime and efficiency, providing a new perspective on the development of organic long-lived emissive materials beyond the rules established for host-guest doped systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Jennifer Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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18
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Qiu W, Cai X, Chen Z, Wei X, Li M, Gu Q, Peng X, Xie W, Jiao Y, Gan Y, Liu W, Su SJ. A "Flexible" Purely Organic Molecule Exhibiting Strong Spin-Orbital Coupling: Toward Nondoped Room-Temperature Phosphorescence OLEDs. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4971-4980. [PMID: 35639995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purely organic materials usually exhibit weak spin-orbital coupling (SOC) effect because of the lack of noble heavy metals, and the generation and direct emission from the triplet state is spin-forbidden. This would lead to slow intersystem crossing, long triplet lifetime, and low phosphorescence quantum yield. Herein, strong spin-orbital coupling between singlet and triplet was observed in a "flexible" and twist thianthrene-pyrimidine-based purely organic compound in an amorphous film state, which shows a fast intersystem crossing process and a high phosphorescence rate of 1.1 × 103 s-1. The heavy atom sulfur and nitrogen atoms in the molecule can provide n-π* transition character for efficient spin-orbital coupling. Moreover, the flexible molecule skeleton enables conformational change and molecular vibration in excited states, which was proved to be vital for efficient vibrational spin-orbital coupling. Benefitting from the strong SOC effect, a nondoped purely organic phosphorescence light-emitting diode was fabricated, which achieves a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.98%, corresponding to an exciton utilization ratio exceeding 87.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P.R. China
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19
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Zhou HY, Zhang DW, Li M, Chen CF. A Calix[3]acridan-Based Host-Guest Cocrystal Exhibiting Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117872. [PMID: 35146858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular strategy to construct thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials through host-guest charge transfer interactions was proposed. Consequently, a new class of macrocycle namely calix[3]acridan was conveniently synthesized in 90 % yield. The host-guest cocrystal formed by calix[3]acridan and 1,2-dicyanobenzene exhibited efficient TADF properties due to intense intermolecular charge transfer interactions. Moreover, the spatially separated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital resulted in a very small singlet-triplet energy gap of 0.014 eV and hence guaranteed an efficient reverse intersystem crossing for TADF. Especially, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 70 % was achieved, and it represents the highest value among the reported intermolecular donor-acceptor TADF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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20
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Shi YZ, Wu H, Wang K, Yu J, Ou XM, Zhang XH. Recent progress in thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for nondoped organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3625-3651. [PMID: 35432901 PMCID: PMC8966661 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have drawn immense attention due to their merits of process simplicity, reduced fabrication cost, etc. To realize high-performance nondoped OLEDs, all electrogenerated excitons should be fully utilized. The thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism can theoretically realize 100% internal quantum efficiency (IQE) through an effective upconversion process from nonradiative triplet excitons to radiative singlet ones. Nevertheless, exciton quenching, especially related to triplet excitons, is generally very serious in TADF-based nondoped OLEDs, significantly hindering the pace of development. Enormous efforts have been devoted to alleviating the annoying exciton quenching process, and a number of TADF materials for highly efficient nondoped devices have been reported. In this review, we mainly discuss the mechanism, exciton leaking channels, and reported molecular design strategies of TADF emitters for nondoped devices. We further classify their molecular structures depending on the functional A groups and offer an outlook on their future prospects. It is anticipated that this review can entice researchers to recognize the importance of TADF-based nondoped OLEDs and provide a possible guide for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhong Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Ou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
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21
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Waly SM, Karlsson JKG, Waddell PG, Benniston AC, Harriman A. Light-Harvesting Crystals Formed from BODIPY-Proline Biohybrid Conjugates: Antenna Effects and Excitonic Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1530-1541. [PMID: 35230124 PMCID: PMC9097531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative
bearing a cis-proline residue at the meso-position crystallizes
in the form of platelets with strong (i.e., ΦF =
0.34) red fluorescence, but the absorption and emission spectra differ
markedly from those for dilute solutions. A key building block for
the crystal is a pseudo-dimer where hydrogen bonding
aligns the proline groups and separates the terminal chromophores
by ca. 25 Å. Comparison with a covalently linked bichromophore
suggests that one-dimensional (1D) excitonic coupling between the
terminals is too small to perturb the optical properties. However,
accretion of the pseudo-dimer forms narrow channels
possessing a high density of chromophores. The resultant absorption
spectrum exhibits strong excitonic splitting, which can be explained
quantitatively using the extended dipole approach and allowing for
coupling between ca. 30 BODIPY units. Fluorescence, which decays with
a lifetime of 2.2 ns, is assigned to a delocalized and (slightly)
super-radiant BODIPY dimer situated at the interface and populated
via electronic energy transfer from the interior.
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22
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Zhou HY, Zhang DW, Li M, Chen CF. A Calix[3]acridan‐Based Host−Guest Cocrystal Exhibiting Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CHINA
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CHINA
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function CHINA
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing CHINA
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23
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Ito S. Luminescent polymorphic crystals: mechanoresponsive and multicolor-emissive properties. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic organic crystals that can switch their photophysical properties in response to mechanical stimuli are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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24
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Li M, Cai X, Chen Z, Liu K, Qiu W, Xie W, Wang L, Su SJ. Boosting purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence performance through a host-guest strategy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13580-13587. [PMID: 34777778 PMCID: PMC8528018 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-guest doping system has aroused great attention due to its promising advantage in stimulating bright and persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Currently, exploration of the explicit structure-property relationship of bicomponent systems has encountered obstacles. In this work, two sets of heterocyclic isomers showing promising RTP emissions in the solid state were designed and synthesized. By encapsulating these phosphors into a robust phosphorus-containing host, several host-guest cocrystalline systems were further developed, achieving highly efficient RTP performance with a phosphorescence quantum efficiency (ϕ P) of ∼26% and lifetime (τ P) of ∼32 ms. Detailed photophysical characterization and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were conducted to reveal the structure-property relationships in such bicomponent systems. It was verified that other than restricting the molecular configuration, the host matrix could also dilute the guest to avoid concentration quenching and provide an external heavy atom effect for the population of triplet excitons, thus boosting the RTP performance of the guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Liangying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation Dongguan 523808 China
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25
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Xu Z, Hean D, Climent C, Casanova D, Wolf MO. Switching between TADF and RTP: anion-regulated photoluminescence in organic salts and co-crystals. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:5777-5784. [PMID: 34527950 PMCID: PMC8406714 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are two photophysical phenomena which utilize triplet excitons. In this work, we demonstrate how variation of the anion in organic salts with carbazole and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide donors and pyridinium and quinolinium acceptors may be used to switch between TADF and RTP. These compounds adopt similar molecular structures and packing modes with different anions and exhibit different types of photophysical behavior due to the electronic effects of the anions. With bromide anions, the salts exhibit TADF with some RTP. These compounds show fast reverse intersystem crossing and a short delayed lifetime, which is key to application in efficient and robust OLEDs. With BF4 - and PF6 - anions, RTP with long-lived lifetimes and afterglow are observed by eye. This behavior can be utilized for data encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications. Emission wavelengths and lifetimes are also anion-dependent. These results open up an avenue for developing novel luminescent materials through anion tuning and present a molecular model to understand the interplay of RTP and TADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Clàudia Climent
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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26
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Liu Z, Deng C, Su L, Wang D, Jiang Y, Tsuboi T, Zhang Q. Efficient Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Fluorophores Based on Substituted Triphenylphosphine Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15049-15053. [PMID: 33872455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine (TPP)-based luminescent compounds are rarely investigated because of the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Here, we demonstrate that introducing steric hindrance groups to the TPP moiety and separating the orbitals involved in the transition can drastically suppress the non-radiative decay induced by structural distortion of TPP in the excited state. High PLQY up to 0.89 as well as thermally activated delayed fluorescence are observed from the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) molecules with substituted TPP donors (sTPPs) in doped films. The red organic light-emitting diodes employing these emitters achieve comparable external quantum efficiencies to the control device containing a classical phosphorescent dye, revealing the great potential of the ICT emitters based on electrochemically stable sTPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chao Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liwu Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yongshi Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Taiju Tsuboi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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27
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Liu Z, Deng C, Su L, Wang D, Jiang Y, Tsuboi T, Zhang Q. Efficient Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Fluorophores Based on Substituted Triphenylphosphine Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Chao Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Liwu Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongshi Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Taiju Tsuboi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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28
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Wu C, Liu W, Li K, Cheng G, Xiong J, Teng T, Che CM, Yang C. Face-to-Face Orientation of Quasiplanar Donor and Acceptor Enables Highly Efficient Intramolecular Exciplex Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3994-3998. [PMID: 33174374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) excited states have been exploited for developing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, but the tuning of excited state dynamics by conformational engineering remains sparse. Designed here is a series of TSCT emitters with precisely controlled alignment of the donor and acceptor segments. With increasing intramolecular π-π interactions, the radiative decay rate of the lowest singlet excited state (S1 ) progressively increased together with a suppression of nonradiative decay, leading to significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.99 in doped thin films. A high-efficiency electroluminescence device, with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.96 %, was achieved and maintains >20 % at a brightness of 1000 cd m-2 . This work sheds light on the importance of conformation control for achieving high-efficiency intramolecular exciplex emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jinfan Xiong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Teng Teng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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29
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Li W, Li M, Li W, Xu Z, Gan L, Liu K, Zheng N, Ning C, Chen D, Wu YC, Su SJ. Spiral Donor Design Strategy for Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5302-5311. [PMID: 33470809 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with a spiral donor show tremendous potential toward high-level efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the underlying design strategy of the spiral donor used for blue TADF emitters remains unclear. As a consequence, researchers often do "try and error" work in the development of new functional spiral donor fragments, making it slow and inefficient. Herein, we demonstrate that the energy level relationships between the spiral donor and the luminophore lead to a significant effect on the photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) of the target materials. In addition, a method involving quantum chemistry simulations that can accurately predict the aforementioned energy level relationships by simulating the spin density distributions of the triplet excited states of the spiral donor and corresponding TADF emitters and the triplet excited natural transition orbitals of the TADF emitters is established. Moreover, it also revealed that the steric hindrance in this series of molecules can form a nearly unchanged singlet (S1) state geometry, leading to a reduced nonradiative decay and high PLQY, while a moderated donor-acceptor (D-A) torsion in the triplet (T1) state can induce a strong vibronic coupling between the charge-transfer triplet (3CT) state and the local triplet (3LE) state, achieving an effective reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. Furthermore, an electric-magnetic coupling is formed between the high-lying 3LE state and the charge-transfer singlet (1CT) state, which may open another RISC channel. Remarkably, in company with the optimized molecular structure and energy alignment, the pivotal TADF emitter DspiroS-TRZ achieved 99.9% PLQY, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 38.4%, which is the highest among all blue TADF emitters reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhida Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Chun Wu
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd., No.9-2, Tang Ming Avenue, Guang Ming District, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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30
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Li X, Shen S, Zhang C, Liu M, Lu J, Zhu L. Small-molecule based thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials with dual-emission characteristics. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Wu C, Liu W, Li K, Cheng G, Xiong J, Teng T, Che C, Yang C. Face‐to‐Face Orientation of Quasiplanar Donor and Acceptor Enables Highly Efficient Intramolecular Exciplex Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jinfan Xiong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Teng Teng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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32
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Haldar R, Jakoby M, Kozlowska M, Rahman Khan M, Chen H, Pramudya Y, Richards BS, Heinke L, Wenzel W, Odobel F, Diring S, Howard IA, Lemmer U, Wöll C. Tuning Optical Properties by Controlled Aggregation: Electroluminescence Assisted by Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Thin Films of Crystalline Chromophores. Chemistry 2020; 26:17016-17020. [PMID: 32894609 PMCID: PMC7839528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several photophysical properties of chromophores depend crucially on intermolecular interactions. Thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is often influenced by close packing of the chromophore assembly. In this context, the metal-organic framework (MOF) approach has several advantages: it can be used to steer aggregation such that the orientation within aggregated structures can be predicted using rational approaches. We demonstrate this design concept for a DPA-TPE (diphenylamine-tetraphenylethylene) chromophore, which is non-emissive in its solvated state due to vibrational quenching. Turning this DPA-TPE into a ditopic linker makes it possible to grow oriented MOF thin films exhibiting pronounced green electroluminescence with low onset voltages. Measurements at different temperatures clearly demonstrate the presence of TADF. Finally, this work reports that the layer-by-layer process used for MOF thin film deposition allows the integration of the TADF-DPA-TPE in a functioning LED device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Motiur Rahman Khan
- Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hongye Chen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Science, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yohanes Pramudya
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 4400, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR 6230, 4400, Nantes, France
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute (LTI), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Xu Z, Climent C, Brown CM, Hean D, Bardeen CJ, Casanova D, Wolf MO. Controlling ultralong room temperature phosphorescence in organic compounds with sulfur oxidation state. Chem Sci 2020; 12:188-195. [PMID: 34163589 PMCID: PMC8178747 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur oxidation state is used to tune organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of symmetric sulfur-bridged carbazole dimers. The sulfide-bridged compound exhibits a factor of 3 enhancement of the phosphorescence efficiency, compared to the sulfoxide and sulfone-bridged analogs, despite sulfone bridges being commonly used in RTP materials. In order to investigate the origin of this enhancement, temperature dependent spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations are used. The RTP lifetimes are similar due to similar crystal packing modes. Computational studies reveal that the lone pairs on the sulfur atom have a profound impact on enhancing intersystem crossing rate through orbital mixing and screening, which we hypothesize is the dominant factor responsible for increasing the phosphorescence efficiency. The ability to tune the electronic state without altering crystal packing modes allows the isolation of these effects. This work provides a new perspective on the design principles of organic phosphorescent materials, going beyond the rules established for conjugated ketone/sulfone-based organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Clàudia Climent
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside 501 Big Springs Road Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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34
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Iimori T, Torii Y, Ishikawa T, Tamai N. Excited-State Dynamics and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in the Classic Electron Acceptor Tetracyanoquinodimethane. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7918-7928. [PMID: 32790378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is identified as one of the most important and classic constituents for the synthesis of organic conductors and shows an acute response of the fluorescence quantum yield to subtle changes in the polarity of solvents. Here, we report on characterization of the excited-state dynamics of TCNQ using time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption (TA) measurements in various solvents. Fluorescence decay and TA dynamics reveal that the fluorescence emissive and nonemissive states reach equilibrium within the fluorescence lifetime in carbon tetrachloride. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence of TCNQ is also revealed. The fluorescence in the polar solvents is quenched by the forward relaxation to the nonemissive state within a few picoseconds and the subsequent rapid de-excitation of the nonemissive state within a few tens of picoseconds. The nonemissive state is probably assigned to the triplet state, and the change in the forward and reverse intersystem crossing rates can be responsible for the response of the fluorescence to the polarity of solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Iimori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumotocho 27-1, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Yuto Torii
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumotocho 27-1, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Takumi Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumotocho 27-1, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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35
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Li Q, Hu J, Lv J, Wang X, Shao S, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Polynorbornenes with Fixed and Controllable Spatial Alignment of Donor and Acceptor for High‐Efficiency Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20174-20182. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
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36
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Li Q, Hu J, Lv J, Wang X, Shao S, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Polynorbornenes with Fixed and Controllable Spatial Alignment of Donor and Acceptor for High‐Efficiency Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
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37
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Luo M, Li X, Ding L, Baryshnikov G, Shen S, Zhu M, Zhou L, Zhang M, Lu J, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Integrating Time‐Resolved Imaging Information by Single‐Luminophore Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xu‐dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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38
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Luo M, Li X, Ding L, Baryshnikov G, Shen S, Zhu M, Zhou L, Zhang M, Lu J, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Integrating Time‐Resolved Imaging Information by Single‐Luminophore Dual Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17018-17025. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xuping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology School of Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xu‐dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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39
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Li F, Li M, Fan J, Song Y, Wang CK, Lin L. Theoretical Study on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters in White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Emission Mechanism and Molecular Design. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7526-7537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Muzhen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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40
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Li X, Baryshnikov G, Ding L, Bao X, Li X, Lu J, Liu M, Shen S, Luo M, Zhang M, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Dual-Phase Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens: A Material for Time-Resolved Imaging Independent of Probe Pretreatment and Probe Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7548-7554. [PMID: 32073698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing luminescent probes with long lifetime and high emission efficiency is essential for time-resolved imaging. However, the practical applications usually suffer from emission quenching of traditional luminogens in aggregated states, or from weak emission of aggregation-induced emission type luminogens in monomeric states. Herein, we overcome this dilemma by a rigid-and-flexible alternation design in donor-acceptor-donor skeletons, to achieve a thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminogen with high emission efficiency both in the monomeric state (quantum yield up to 35.3 %) and in the aggregated state (quantum yield up to 30.8 %). Such a dual-phase strong and long-lived emission allows a time-resolved luminescence imaging, with an efficiency independent of probe pretreatment and probe concentration. The findings open opportunities for developing luminescent probes with a usage in larger temporal and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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41
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Li X, Baryshnikov G, Ding L, Bao X, Li X, Lu J, Liu M, Shen S, Luo M, Zhang M, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Dual‐Phase Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens: A Material for Time‐Resolved Imaging Independent of Probe Pretreatment and Probe Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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42
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Deng Y, Li P, Sun S, Jiang H, Ji X, Li H. Proton-Activated Amorphous Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Humidity Sensing and High-Level Data Encryption. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1088-1093. [PMID: 32017408 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular co-assembling terpyridine-derivatives with nanoclay (LP) are exploited to acquire efficient amorphous room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that this co-assembly not only brings about a configuration transformation from the trans-trans (a) to the cis-trans (a'') form via the protonating process, significantly narrowing the singlet-triplet energy gap, thereby effectively facilitating the single-triplet ISC processes, but also well protects the triplet state and suppresses the nonradiative transitions via restricting molecular rotation and vibration by the hydrogen-bond interactions between them. Additionally, the flexible and transparent films, through co-assembling 1@LP (or 2@LP) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), also display excellent phosphorescence performance. Owing to their distinctive RTP performances, the RH sensing and high-level data encryption are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Deng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ji
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Huanrong Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
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43
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Wang J, Fang Y, Li C, Niu L, Fang W, Cui G, Yang Q. Time‐Dependent Afterglow Color in a Single‐Component Organic Molecular Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10032-10036. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Xin Wang
- Institution Key Laboratory of RadiopharmaceuticalsCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ye‐Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ya Niu
- Institution Key Laboratory of RadiopharmaceuticalsCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Zheng Yang
- Institution Key Laboratory of RadiopharmaceuticalsCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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44
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Wang J, Fang Y, Li C, Niu L, Fang W, Cui G, Yang Q. Time‐Dependent Afterglow Color in a Single‐Component Organic Molecular Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Xin Wang
- Institution Key Laboratory of RadiopharmaceuticalsCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ye‐Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ya Niu
- Institution Key Laboratory of RadiopharmaceuticalsCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational PhotochemistryMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Zheng Yang
- Institution Key Laboratory of RadiopharmaceuticalsCollege of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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Li W, Huang Q, Mao Z, Zhao J, Wu H, Chen J, Yang Z, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Aldred MP, Chi Z. Selective Expression of Chromophores in a Single Molecule: Soft Organic Crystals Exhibiting Full‐Colour Tunability and Dynamic Triplet‐Exciton Behaviours. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlang Li
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhu Mao
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Juan Zhao
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Huiyan Wu
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Junru Chen
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhan Yang
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yang Li
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center (IARC)Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Matthew P. Aldred
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- MPAldred Bolton, Greater Manchester England BL1 2AL UK
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM LabGDHPPC LabGuangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional FilmsState Key Laboratory of OEMTSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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46
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Li W, Huang Q, Mao Z, Zhao J, Wu H, Chen J, Yang Z, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Aldred MP, Chi Z. Selective Expression of Chromophores in a Single Molecule: Soft Organic Crystals Exhibiting Full-Colour Tunability and Dynamic Triplet-Exciton Behaviours. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3739-3745. [PMID: 31863709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soft luminescent materials are attractive for optoelectronic applications, however, switching dominant chromophores for property enrichment remains a challenge. Herein, we report the first case of a soft organic molecule (DOS) featuring selective expression of chromophores. In response to various external stimuli, different chromophores of DOS can take turns working through conformation changes, exhibiting full-colour emissions peaking from 469 nm to 583 nm from ten individual single crystals. Dynamic triplet-exciton behaviours including thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), mechanoluminescence (ML), and distinct mechano-responsive luminescence (MRL) can all be realized. This novel designed DOS molecule provides a multifunctional platform for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), multicolour dynamic displays, sensing, anticounterfeiting, and hopefully many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlang Li
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huiyan Wu
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Junru Chen
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yang Li
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center (IARC), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Matthew P Aldred
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,MPAldred, Bolton, Greater Manchester, England, BL1 2AL, UK
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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47
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Li W, Li W, Gan L, Li M, Zheng N, Ning C, Chen D, Wu YC, Su SJ. J-Aggregation Enhances the Electroluminescence Performance of a Sky-Blue Thermally Activated Delayed-Fluorescence Emitter in Nondoped Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2717-2723. [PMID: 31850735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A pivotal thermally activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) emitter, DspiroAc-TRZ, was developed, and it exhibits greatly enhanced electroluminescence performance in nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to the concurrent manipulation of aggregation behavior and monomolecular structure. The delicate non-planar packing pattern in the DspiroAc-TRZ crystal can not only lead to highly efficient solid-state luminescence but also form a loose intermolecular packing pattern, greatly decreasing the HOMO or LUMO overlaps in dimers and shortening the triplet exciton diffusion length. In addition, the rigid donor and acceptor moieties in DspiroAc-TRZ can rigidify the molecular backbone, resulting in a tiny geometric vibrational relaxation in the excited state. Impressively, high photoluminescent quantum yields of 78.5 and 83.7% were achieved for the DspiroAc-TRZ single crystal and nondoped film. A high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.7% was achieved in a nondoped sky-blue TADF OLED, which is higher than any reported EQE value of nondoped sky-blue TADF OLEDs so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan-Chun Wu
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co., Ltd. , No.9-2, Tang Ming Avenue , Guang Ming District, Shenzhen 518132 , Guangdong Province , P. R. China
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Wang L, Cai X, Li B, Li M, Wang Z, Gan L, Qiao Z, Xie W, Liang Q, Zheng N, Liu K, Su SJ. Achieving Enhanced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Rates and Shortened Exciton Lifetimes by Constructing Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Channels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45999-46007. [PMID: 31718132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A fast radiative rate, highly suppressed nonradiation, and a short exciton lifetime are key elements for achieving efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with reduced efficiency roll-off at a high current density. Herein, four representative TADF emitters are designed and synthesized based on the combination of benzophenone (BP) or 3-benzoylpyridine (BPy3) acceptors, with dendritic 3,3″,6,6″-tetra-tert-butyl-9'H-9,3':6',9″-tercarbazole (CDTC) or 10H-spiro(acridine-9,9'-thioxanthene) (TXDMAc) donors, respectively. Density functional theory simulation and X-ray diffraction analysis validated the formation of CH···N intramolecular hydrogen bonds regarding the BPy3-CDTC and BPy3-TXDMAc compounds. Notably, the construction of intramolecular hydrogen bonding within TADF emitters significantly enhances the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) strength while reducing the donor-acceptor (D-A) dihedral angle, resulting in accelerated radiative and suppressed nonradiative processes. With short TADF exciton lifetimes (τTADF) and high photoluminescence quantum yields (ϕPL), OLEDs employing BPy3-CDTC and BPy3-TXDMAc dopants realized maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 18.9 and 25.6%, respectively. Moreover, the nondoped device based on BPy3-TXDMAc exhibited a maximum EQE of 18.7%, accompanied by an extremely small efficiency loss of only 4.1% at the luminance of 1000 cd m-2. In particular, the operational lifetime of the sky-blue BPy3-CDTC-based device was greatly extended by 10 times in contrast to the BP-CDTC-based counterpart, verifying the idea that the in-built intramolecular hydrogen bonding strategy was promising for the realization of efficient and stable TADF-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - BinBin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Qiumin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Wushan Road 381 , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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