1
|
Hu QH, Song AM, Gao X, Shi YZ, Jiang W, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Rationally designed nanotrap structures for efficient separation of rare earth elements over a single step. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1558. [PMID: 38378705 PMCID: PMC10879098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracting rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is essential for the growth and an eco-friendly sustainable economy. However, it is a daunting challenge to separate individual rare earth elements by their subtle differences. To overcome this difficulty, we report a unique REE nanotrap that features dense uncoordinated carboxyl groups and triazole N atoms in a two-fold interpenetrated metal-organic framework (named NCU-1). Notably, the synergistic effect of suitable pore sizes and REE nanotraps in NCU-1 is highly responsive to the size variation of rare-earth ions and shows high selectivity toward light REE. As a proof of concept, Pr/Lu and Nd/Er are used as binary models, which give a high separation factor of SFPr/Lu = 796 and SFNd/Er = 273, demonstrating highly efficient separation over a single step. This ability achieves efficient and selective extraction and separation of REEs from mine tailings, establishing this platform as an important advance for sustainable obtaining high-purity REEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - An-Min Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuvayskaya A, Mallos TJ, Douair I, Chang C, Larsen RE, Jensen MP, Sellinger A. Controlling Extraction of Rare Earth Elements Using Functionalized Aryl-vinyl Phosphonic Acid Esters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16343-16353. [PMID: 37751598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Ligands that can discriminate between individual rare earth elements are important for production of these critical elements. A set of aryl-vinyl phosphonic acid ligands for extracting rare earth elements were designed and synthesized under the hypothesis that the strength of the rare earth-ligand interactions could be tuned by changing the dipole moment of the ligand. The ligands were synthesized via a two-step reaction procedure using a Heck coupling reaction to functionalize vinyl phosphonic acid, followed by Steglich esterification to obtain high-purity styryl phosphonic acid monoesters with varying dipole moments along the P-C bond. The metal binding strength and composition of the rare earth complexes formed with these styryl phosphonic acid monoesters were experimentally studied by liquid-liquid extraction techniques, while DFT calculations were performed to determine the dipole moments of the free and complexed ligands and the electronic structure of the complexes formed. All three prepared ligands were much stronger extracting agents for europium(III) than the dialkylphosphonic acids usually used for this separation. However, the order of increasing extraction strength was found to match the order of the decreasing calculated dipole moment along the P-C bond of the three styryl-based ligands, rather than correlating with increasing ligand basicity, as reflected by the pKa of the ligands. These findings suggest that this approach can be used to systematically alter the extraction strength of aromatic phosphonic monoesters for rare earth element purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kuvayskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas J Mallos
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Iskander Douair
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Christopher Chang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ross E Larsen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mark P Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malcomson T, Edwards-Yates L, Kerridge A. Tailoring the pore size of expanded porphyrinoids for lanthanide selectivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28426-28433. [PMID: 37771918 PMCID: PMC10523133 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increase in demand, capacity for the recycling of rare earth elements remains limited, partly due to the inefficiencies with processes currently utilised in the separation of lanthanides. This study highlights the potential use of expanded porphyrinoids in lanthanide separation through selective binding, dependent on the tailored pore size of the macrocycle. Each emerging trend is subjected to multi-factored analysis to decompose the underlying source. Results promote the viability of size-based separation with preferential binding of larger lanthanum(iii) ions to amethyrin and isoamethyrin macrocycles, while smaller macrocycles such as pentaphyrin(0.0.0.0.0) present a preferential binding of lutetium(iii) ions. Additionally, the porphyrin(2.2.2.2) macrocycle shows a selectivity for gadolinium(iii) ions over both larger and smaller ions. An upper limit of applicable pore size is shown to be ≈2.8 Å, beyond which the formed complexes are predicted to be less stable than the corresponding nitrate complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Medin S, Schmitz AM, Pian B, Mini K, Reid MC, Holycross M, Gazel E, Wu M, Barstow B. Genomic characterization of rare earth binding by Shewanella oneidensis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15975. [PMID: 37749198 PMCID: PMC10520059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are essential ingredients of sustainable energy technologies, but separation of individual REE is one of the hardest problems in chemistry today. Biosorption, where molecules adsorb to the surface of biological materials, offers a sustainable alternative to environmentally harmful solvent extractions currently used for separation of rare earth elements (REE). The REE-biosorption capability of some microorganisms allows for REE separations that, under specialized conditions, are already competitive with solvent extractions, suggesting that genetic engineering could allow it to leapfrog existing technologies. To identify targets for genomic improvement we screened 3,373 mutants from the whole genome knockout collection of the known REE-biosorbing microorganism Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. We found 130 genes that increased biosorption of the middle REE europium, and 112 that reduced it. We verified biosorption changes from the screen for a mixed solution of three REE (La, Eu, Yb) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in solution conditions with a range of ionic strengths and REE concentrations. We identified 18 gene ontologies and 13 gene operons that make up key systems that affect biosorption. We found, among other things, that disruptions of a key regulatory component of the arc system (hptA), which regulates cellular response to anoxic environments and polysaccharide biosynthesis related genes (wbpQ, wbnJ, SO_3183) consistently increase biosorption across all our solution conditions. Our largest total biosorption change comes from our SO_4685, a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis gene, disruption of which results in an up to 79% increase in biosorption; and nusA, a transcriptional termination/anti-termination protein, disruption of which results in an up to 35% decrease in biosorption. Knockouts of glnA, pyrD, and SO_3183 produce small but significant increases (≈ 1%) in relative biosorption affinity for ytterbium over lanthanum in multiple solution conditions tested, while many other genes we explored have more complex binding affinity changes. Modeling suggests that while these changes to lanthanide biosorption selectivity are small, they could already reduce the length of repeated enrichment process by up to 27%. This broad exploratory study begins to elucidate how genetics affect REE-biosorption by S. oneidensis, suggests new areas of investigation for better mechanistic understanding of the membrane chemistry involved in REE binding, and offer potential targets for improving biosorption and separation of REE by genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Medin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Cornell University, 228 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alexa M Schmitz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Cornell University, 228 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brooke Pian
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Cornell University, 228 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kuunemuebari Mini
- Department of Sciences and Technology Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew C Reid
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Megan Holycross
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Esteban Gazel
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Cornell University, 228 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Buz Barstow
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Cornell University, 228 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Johnson K, Driscoll DM, Damron JT, Ivanov AS, Jansone-Popova S. Size Selective Ligand Tug of War Strategy to Separate Rare Earth Elements. JACS AU 2023; 3:584-591. [PMID: 36873676 PMCID: PMC9976341 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Separating rare earth elements is a daunting task due to their similar properties. We report a "tug of war" strategy that employs a lipophilic and hydrophilic ligand with contrasting selectivity, resulting in a magnified separation of target rare earth elements. Specifically, a novel water-soluble bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline with an affinity for light lanthanides is coupled with oil-soluble diglycolamide that selectively binds heavy lanthanides. This two-ligand strategy yields a quantitative separation of the lightest (e.g., La-Nd) and heaviest (e.g., Ho-Lu) lanthanides, enabling efficient separation of neighboring lanthanides in-between (e.g., Sm-Dy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine
R. Johnson
- Nuclear
Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Darren M. Driscoll
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Joshua T. Damron
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander S. Ivanov
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Butcher TA, Coey JMD. Magnetic forces in paramagnetic fluids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:053002. [PMID: 36384048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca37f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the effect of a magnetic field gradient on fluids with linear magnetic susceptibilities is given. It is shown that two commonly encountered expressions, the magnetic field gradient force and the concentration gradient force for paramagnetic species in solution are equivalent for incompressible fluids. The magnetic field gradient and concentration gradient forces are approximations of the Kelvin force and Korteweg-Helmholtz force densities, respectively. The criterion for the appearance of magnetically induced convection is derived. Experimental work in which magnetically induced convection plays a role is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Butcher
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J M D Coey
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rare-earth separation based on the differences of ionic magnetic moment via quasi-liquid strategy. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Higgins RF, Ruoff KP, Kumar A, Schelter EJ. Coordination Chemistry-Driven Approaches to Rare Earth Element Separations. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2616-2627. [PMID: 36041177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Current projections for global mining indicate that unsustainable practices will cause supply problems for many elements, called critical raw materials, in the next 20 years. These include elements necessary for renewable technologies as well as artisanal sources. Energy critical elements (ECEs) comprise a group used for clean, renewable energy applications that are in low abundance in the Earth's crust or require an economic premium to extract from ores. Sustainable practices of acquiring ECEs is an important problem to address through fundamental research to provide alternative energy technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles at cheaper costs for our global energy generation and usage. Some of these green technologies incorporate rare-earth (RE) metals (Sc, Y and the lanthanides), which are challenging to separate from mineral sources because of their similar sizes (i.e., ionic radii) and chemical properties. The current process used to provide REs at requisite purities for these applications is counter-current solvent-solvent extraction, which is scalable and works efficiently for any ore composition. However, this method produces large amounts of caustic waste that is environmentally damaging, especially to areas in China that house major separation facilities. Advancement of the selectivity of this process is challenging since exact molecular speciation that affords separations is still relatively unknown. In this context, we developed a program to investigate new RE separations systems that were aimed at minimizing solvent use, controlled by molecular speciation, and could be targeted at problems in recycling these critical metals.The first ligand system that was developed to impart solubility differences between light and heavy rare-earth ions was [{(2-tBuNO)C6H4CH2}3N]3- (TriNOx3-) (graphic below). A differential solubility allowed for a separation of Nd and Dy of SFNd:Dy = ∼300 in a single step. In other words, a 50:50 Nd/Dy sample was enriched to give 95% pure Nd and Dy through a simple filtration, which is potentially impactful to recycling magnetic materials found in wind turbines. This separations system compares favorably to other state-of-the-art molecular extractants that are based on energetic differences of the thermodynamic parameter to affect separations for neighboring elements. This straightforward, thermodynamically driven method to separate REs primed our future research for new coordination chemistry approaches to separations.Another separations system was accomplished through the variable rate of a redox event from one arm of the TriNOx3- ligand. It was determined that the rate of this one electron oxidation, which operated through an electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical mechanism, was dependent on the identity of the RE ion. This kinetically driven separation afforded a separation factor (SF) of SFEu:Y = 75. We have also described other transformations such as ligand exchange, substituent dependent, and redox-driven chelation processes with well-defined speciation to afford purified RE materials. Recently, we determined that magnetic properties can be used to enhance both thermodynamic and kinetic RE separations processes to give an approximately 100% boost for pairs of paramagnetic/diamagnetic REs. These results have shown that both thermodynamic and kinetic RE separations were efficient for different selected RE binary pairs through coordination chemistry. The focus of this Account will detail the differences that are observed for RE separations when promoted by thermodynamic or kinetic factors. Overall, the development of rationally adjusted speciation of REs provides a basis for future industrial separations processes for technologies applied to ECEs derived from wind turbines, batteries for electric vehicles, and LEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kevin P Ruoff
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bian X, Wu Y, Teh HH, Subotnik JE. Incorporating Berry Force Effects into the Fewest Switches Surface-Hopping Algorithm: Intersystem Crossing and the Case of Electronic Degeneracy. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:2075-2090. [PMID: 35263116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a preliminary surface-hopping approach for modeling intersystem crossing (ISC) dynamics between four electronic states: one singlet and one (triply degenerate) triplet. In order to incorporate all Berry force effects, the algorithm requires that, when moving along an adiabatic surface associated with the triplet manifold, one must also keep track of a quasi-diabatic index (akin to a "ms" quantum number) for each trajectory. For a simple model problem, we find that a great deal of new physics can be captured by our algorithm, setting the stage for larger, more realistic (or perhaps even ab initio) simulations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yanze Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hung-Hsuan Teh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Butcher TA, Prendeville L, Rafferty A, Trtik P, Boillat P, Coey JMD. Neutron Imaging of Paramagnetic Ions: Electrosorption by Carbon Aerogels and Macroscopic Magnetic Forces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:21831-21839. [PMID: 34676016 PMCID: PMC8521529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electrosorption of Gd3+ ions from an aqueous 70 mM Gd(NO3)3 solution in monolithic carbon aerogel electrodes was recorded by dynamic neutron imaging. The aerogels have a bimodal pore size distribution consisting of macropores and mesopores centered at 115 and 15 nm, respectively. After the uptake of Gd3+ ions by the negatively charged surface of the porous structure, an inhomogeneous magnetic field was applied to the system of discharging electrodes. This led to a convective flow and confinement of Gd(NO3)3 solution in the magnetic field gradient. Thus, a way to desalt and capture paramagnetic ions from an initially homogeneous solution is established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim A. Butcher
- School
of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Aran Rafferty
- AMBER
Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pavel Trtik
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Boillat
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
- Electrochemistry
Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - J. M. D. Coey
- School
of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thiele NA, Fiszbein DJ, Woods JJ, Wilson JJ. Tuning the Separation of Light Lanthanides Using a Reverse-Size Selective Aqueous Complexant. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16522-16530. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A. Thiele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David J. Fiszbein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joshua J. Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mattocks JA, Cotruvo JA. Biological, biomolecular, and bio-inspired strategies for detection, extraction, and separations of lanthanides and actinides. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8315-8334. [PMID: 33057507 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00653j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanides and actinides are elements of ever-increasing technological importance in the modern world. However, the similar chemical and physical properties within these groups make purification of individual elements a challenge. Current industrial standards for the extraction, separation, and purification of these metals from natural sources, recycled materials, and industrial waste are inefficient, relying upon harsh conditions, repetitive steps, and ligands with only modest selectivity. Biological, biomolecular, and bio-inspired strategies towards improving these separations and making them more environmentally sustainable have been researched for many years; however, these methods often have insufficient selectivity for practical application. Recent developments in the understanding of how lanthanides are selectively acquired and used by certain bacteria offer the opportunity for a newer, more efficient take on these designs, as well as the possibility for fundamentally new designs and strategies. Herein, we review current cell-based and biomolecular (primarily small-molecule and protein-based) methods for detection, extraction, and separations of f-block elements. We discuss how the increasing knowledge regarding the selective recognition, uptake, trafficking, and storage of these elements in biological systems has informed and will continue to promote development of novel approaches to achieve these ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Mattocks
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lumpe H, Menke A, Haisch C, Mayer P, Kabelitz A, Yusenko KV, Guilherme Buzanich A, Block T, Pöttgen R, Emmerling F, Daumann LJ. The Earlier the Better: Structural Analysis and Separation of Lanthanides with Pyrroloquinoline Quinone. Chemistry 2020; 26:10133-10139. [PMID: 32497263 PMCID: PMC7496819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanides (Ln) are critical raw materials, however, their mining and purification have a considerable negative environmental impact and sustainable recycling and separation strategies for these elements are needed. In this study, the precipitation and solubility behavior of Ln complexes with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), the cofactor of recently discovered lanthanide (Ln) dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes, is presented. In this context, the molecular structure of a biorelevant europium PQQ complex was for the first time elucidated outside a protein environment. The complex crystallizes as an inversion symmetric dimer, Eu2 PQQ2 , with binding of Eu in the biologically relevant pocket of PQQ. LnPQQ and Ln1Ln2PQQ complexes were characterized by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 151 Eu-Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray total scattering, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). It is shown that a natural enzymatic cofactor is capable to achieve separation by precipitation of the notoriously similar, and thus difficult to separate, lanthanides to some extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Lumpe
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Annika Menke
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Christoph Haisch
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water ChemistryTechnical University of MunichMarchioninistraße 1781377MünchenGermany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Anke Kabelitz
- Division Structure AnalysisFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Kirill V. Yusenko
- Division Structure AnalysisFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Ana Guilherme Buzanich
- Division Structure AnalysisFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Theresa Block
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität Münster (WWU)Corrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität Münster (WWU)Corrensstraße 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Division Structure AnalysisFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Lena J. Daumann
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| |
Collapse
|