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Cheng S, Hou T, Zheng Y, Yin C, Wu K. Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Nb-Containing Microalloyed Steels. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1701. [PMID: 38612214 PMCID: PMC11012708 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation endeavors to explore the influence of rare earth elements on the strength and plasticity characteristics of low-carbon microalloyed steel under tensile loading conditions. The findings from the conducted tensile tests indicate that the incorporation of rare earths leads to a notable enhancement in the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility properties of the steel. A comparative analysis of the microstructures reveals that the presence of rare earths significantly refines and optimizes the microstructure of the microalloyed steel. This optimization is manifested through a reduction in grain size, diminution of inclusion sizes, and a concomitant rise in their number density. Moreover, the addition of rare earths is observed to foster an increase in the volumetric fraction of carbides within the steel matrix. These multifaceted microstructural alterations collectively contribute to a substantial strengthening of the microalloyed steel. Furthermore, it is elucidated that the synergistic interaction between rare earth elements and both carbon (C) and niobium (Nb) in the steel matrix augments the extent of the Lüders strain region during the tensile deformation of specimens. This phenomenon is accompanied by the effective modification of inclusions by the rare earths, which serves to mitigate stress concentrations at the interfaces between the inclusions and the surrounding matrix. This article systematically evaluates the modification mechanism of rare earth microalloying, which provides a basis for broadening the application of rare earth microalloying in microalloyed steel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingping Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science on Metallurgical Processing, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Collaborative Center on Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | | | | | - Kaiming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science on Metallurgical Processing, International Research Institute for Steel Technology, Collaborative Center on Advanced Steels, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
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Li W, Qiu H, van Gestel CAM, Peijnenburg WJGM, He E. Trophic Transfer and Toxic Potency of Rare Earth Elements along a Terrestrial Plant-Herbivore Food Chain. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5705-5715. [PMID: 38460143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Extensive rare earth element (REE) mining activities have caused REE contamination of ambient agricultural soils, posing threats to associated food webs. Here, a simulated lettuce-snail food chain was conducted to evaluate the trophic transfer characteristics and the consequent effects of REEs on consumers. After 50-day exposure to soil, lettuce roots dose-dependently accumulated 9.4-76 mg kg-1 REEs and translocated 3.7-20 mg kg-1 REEs to shoots. Snails feeding on REE-contaminated shoots accumulated 3.0-6.7 mg kg-1 REEs with trophic transfer factors of 0.20-0.98, indicating trophic dilution in the lettuce-snail system. REE profiles in lettuce and snails indicated light REE (LREE) enrichment only in snails and the varied REE profiles along the food chain. This was corroborated by toxicokinetics. Estimated uptake (Ku) and elimination (Ke) parameters were 0.010-2.9 kgshoot kgsnail-1 day-1 and 0.010-1.8 day-1, respectively, with higher Ku values for LREE and HREE. The relatively high Ke, compared to Ku, indicating a fast REE elimination, supports the trophic dilution. Dietary exposure to REEs dose-dependently affected gut microbiota and metabolites in snails. These effects are mainly related to oxidative damage and energy expenditure, which are further substantiated by targeted analysis. Our study provides essential information about REE bioaccumulation characteristics and its associated risks to terrestrial food chains near REE mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Chiaudani A, Flamminii F, Consalvo A, Bellocci M, Pizzi A, Passamonti C, Cichelli A. Rare Earth Element Variability in Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils from Abruzzo Region. Foods 2023; 13:141. [PMID: 38201169 PMCID: PMC10778968 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil is a food product from the Mediterranean area that is particularly and continuously experiencing to increasing instances of fraudulent geographical labeling. Therefore, origin protection must be improved, mainly based on its intrinsic chemical composition. This study aimed to perform a preliminary chemical characterization of Abruzzo extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) using rare earth elements (REEs). REEs were evaluated in EVOO samples of different varieties produced in different geographical origins within the Abruzzo region (Italy) in three harvest years using ICP-MS chemometric techniques. Principal component, discriminant, and hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted to verify the influence of the variety, origin, and vintage of the REE composition. The results of a three-year study showed a uniform REE pattern and a strong correlation in most EVOOs, in particular for Y, La, Ce, and Nd. However, europium and erbium were also found in some oil samples. Compared with cultivar and origin, only the harvest year slightly influenced the REE composition, highlighting the interactions of the olive system with the climate and soil chemistry that could affect the multielement composition of EVOOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Chiaudani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Flamminii
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Mirella Bellocci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Alberto Pizzi
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Chiara Passamonti
- Department of Philosophical, Pedagogical and Economic-Quantitative Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.C.)
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Wu Q, Liu G, Shi H, Zhang B, Ning J, Shao T, Xue S, Zhang F. Impact of Nd Doping on Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of ZnO: A GGA + U Study. Molecules 2023; 28:7416. [PMID: 37959835 PMCID: PMC10647232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of Nd-doped ZnO systems were calculated using the DFT/GGA + U method. According to the results, the Nd dopant causes lattice parameter expansion, negative formation energy, and bandgap narrowing, resulting in the formation of an N-type degenerate semiconductor. Overlapping of the generated impurity and Fermi levels results in a significant trap effect that prevents electron-hole recombination. The absorption spectrum demonstrates a redshift in the visible region, and the intensity increased, leading to enhanced photocatalytic performance. The Nd-doped ZnO system displays ferromagnetic, with FM coupling due to strong spd-f hybridization through magnetic exchange interaction between the Nd-4f state and O-2p, Zn-4s, and Zn-3p states. These findings imply that Nd-doped ZnO may be a promising material for DMS spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wu
- Network Information Center, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (Q.W.)
| | - Gaihui Liu
- Network Information Center, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (Q.W.)
| | - Huihui Shi
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Bohang Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Jing Ning
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Suqin Xue
- Network Information Center, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (Q.W.)
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
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Yazdıç FC, Karaman A, Torğut G, Ayhan NK. Antibacterial activity of novel synthesized chitosan-graft-poly(N-tertiary butylacrylamide)/neodymium composites for biomedical application. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1049-1056. [PMID: 37078826 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, composites of chitosan-graft-poly(N-tertiary butylacrylamide) (CH-graft-poly(N-tert-BAAm)) copolymer, with Neodymium (Nd), an important rare earth element, were prepared by precipitation technique. Nd was successfully incorporated into the polymer of different weight percentages (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) without any degradation. The effect of neodymium additives on the structural, morphological, and antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria of the polymer was analyzed using various instrument techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results together with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the morphology of Nd-doped CH-graft-poly(N-tert-BAAm) composites without any other impurities. The antibacterial effect of Nd was studied by adding it to the copolymer in a weight ratio of 0.5%-2%. The antibacterial effect of neodymium concentration on four different strains of bacteria was investigated: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DSM 50071) (P. aeruginosa), Bacillus subtilis (DSM 1971) (B. subtilis), and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 25923) (S. aureus). The antibacterial activities of the obtained composites were determined using the Agar Well Diffusion Assay Method. Experimental results show that Nd binds well to CH-graft-poly(N-tert-BAAm). Activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus subsp. aureus creates a potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferit Can Yazdıç
- Department of Biotechnology, Institue of Graduate Studies in Science, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Altuğ Karaman
- Department of Medical Documentation and Secretarial, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Gülben Torğut
- Department of Hotel Restaurant and Catering Services, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Karaaslan Ayhan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
- Rare Earth Elements Application and Research Center, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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Kurnia KA, Lin YT, Farhan A, Malhotra N, Luong CT, Hung CH, Roldan MJM, Tsao CC, Cheng TS, Hsiao CD. Deep Learning-Based Automatic Duckweed Counting Using StarDist and Its Application on Measuring Growth Inhibition Potential of Rare Earth Elements as Contaminants of Emerging Concerns. Toxics 2023; 11:680. [PMID: 37624185 PMCID: PMC10457735 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been efforts to utilize surface water as a power source, material, and food. However, these efforts are impeded due to the vast amounts of contaminants and emerging contaminants introduced by anthropogenic activities. Herbicides such as Glyphosate and Glufosinate are commonly known to contaminate surface water through agricultural industries. In contrast, some emerging contaminants, such as rare earth elements, have started to enter the surface water from the production and waste of electronic products. Duckweeds are angiosperms from the Lemnaceae family and have been used for toxicity tests in aquatic environments, mainly those from the genus Lemna, and have been approved by OECD. In this study, we used duckweed from the genus Wolffia, which is smaller and considered a good indicator of metal pollutants in the aquatic environment. The growth rate of duckweed is the most common endpoint in observing pollutant toxicity. In order to observe and mark the fronds automatically, we used StarDist, a machine learning-based tool. StarDist is available as a plugin in ImageJ, simplifying and assisting the counting process. Python also helps arrange, manage, and calculate the inhibition percentage after duckweeds are exposed to contaminants. The toxicity test results showed Dysprosium to be the most toxic, with an IC50 value of 14.6 ppm, and Samarium as the least toxic, with an IC50 value of 279.4 ppm. In summary, we can provide a workflow for automatic frond counting using StarDist integrated with ImageJ and Python to simplify the detection, counting, data management, and calculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Adi Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (K.A.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Ting Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan;
- Drug Development & Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ali Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (K.A.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
| | - Cao Thang Luong
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan; (C.T.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan; (C.T.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Che-Chia Tsao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (K.A.K.); (A.F.)
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
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Nie S, Chen J, Liu C, Zhou C, Zhao J, Wang Z, Sun J, Huang Y. Effects of extract solution from magnesium alloys supplemented with different compositions of rare earth elements on in vitro epithelial and osteoblast progenitor cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1138675. [PMID: 37251562 PMCID: PMC10210140 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1138675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium alloys (Mg-alloys) have gained significant attention in recent years as a potential bioactive material for clinical applications. The incorporation of rare earth elements (REEs) into Mg-alloys has been of particular interest due to their potential to improve both mechanical and biological properties. Although there are diverse results in terms of cytotoxicity and biological effects of REEs, investigating the physiological benefits of Mg-alloys supplemented with REEs will help in the transition from theoretical to practical applications. Methods: In this study, two culture systems were used to evaluate the effects of Mg-alloys containing gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), and yttrium (Y): human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mouse osteoblastic progenitor cells (MC3T3-E1). Different compositions of Mg-alloys were assessed, and the effects of the extract solution on cell proliferation, viability, and specific cell functions were analyzed. Results: Within the range of weight percentages tested, the Mg-REE alloys did not exhibit any significant negative impacts on either cell line. Interestingly, moderate compositions (Mg-1.5Gd-1.5Dy-0.825Y-0.5Zr and Mg-2Gd-2Dy-1.1Y-0.5Zr) demonstrated a tendency to enhance osteoblastic activity and promote the vascularization process in both HUVEC and MC3T3-E1 cell lines. Discussion: The results of this study provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of REE-supplemented Mg-alloys for clinical applications. The observed enhancement in osteoblastic activity and promotion of vascularization processes suggest that optimizing the compositions of REEs in Mg-alloys could lead to the development of novel, more effective bioactive materials. Further investigations are required to understand the underlying mechanisms and to refine the alloy compositions for improved biocompatibility and performance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiakai Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jikuang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhepei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Wang H, Ren H, Liu S, Deng K, Yu H, Xu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Wang L. Bimetallic PdY nanosponges for enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 37023728 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/accaec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the morphology and composition of Pd-based catalysts is the key to construct highly efficient electrocatalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, rare Earth element Y-doped Pd nanosponge (PdY NSs) are prepared by one-step reduction approach using NaBH4as reductant, which are employed for ORR under 0.1 M KOH. The PdY NSs with plentiful voids can offer a large number of active sites and improve the mass transfer for ORR. Moreover, the introduction of Y alters the electronic structure of Pd, thus promoting the dissociation and adsorption of oxygen. Therefore, the prepared PdY NSs display superior ORR activity and durability to the Pd NSs and Pd black, highlighting the introduction of rare Earth element on the enhancement of ORR performance for Pd-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Songliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - You Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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Najafi S, Sheikhani A, Sabbaghian M, Nagy P, Fekete K, Gubicza J. Modification of the Tensile Performance of an Extruded ZK60 Magnesium Alloy with the Addition of Rare Earth Elements. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16072828. [PMID: 37049122 PMCID: PMC10095811 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of rare earth (RE) elements on the microstructure and mechanical performance of an extruded ZK60 Mg alloy was studied. Two types of RE elements were added to a ZK60 material and then extruded at a ratio of 18:1. The first new alloy contained 2 wt% Y while the second one was produced using 2 wt% Ce-rich mischmetal. The microstructure, the texture, and the dislocation density in a base ZK60 alloy and two materials with RE additives were studied by scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and X-ray line profile analysis, respectively. It was found that the addition of RE elements caused a finer grain size, the formation of new precipitates, and changes in the initial fiber texture. As a consequence, Y and Ce-rich RE elements increased the strength and reduced the ductility. The addition of these two types of RE elements to the ZK60 alloy decreased the work hardening capacity and the hardening exponent mainly due to grain refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Najafi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 11155-4563, Iran; (S.N.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Alireza Sheikhani
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 11155-4563, Iran; (S.N.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Mahdi Sabbaghian
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 11155-4563, Iran; (S.N.); (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Materials Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Klaudia Fekete
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jenő Gubicza
- Department of Materials Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary;
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10
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Johnson K, Driscoll DM, Damron JT, Ivanov AS, Jansone-Popova S. Size Selective Ligand Tug of War Strategy to Separate Rare Earth Elements. JACS Au 2023; 3:584-591. [PMID: 36873676 PMCID: PMC9976341 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Separating rare earth elements is a daunting task due to their similar properties. We report a "tug of war" strategy that employs a lipophilic and hydrophilic ligand with contrasting selectivity, resulting in a magnified separation of target rare earth elements. Specifically, a novel water-soluble bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline with an affinity for light lanthanides is coupled with oil-soluble diglycolamide that selectively binds heavy lanthanides. This two-ligand strategy yields a quantitative separation of the lightest (e.g., La-Nd) and heaviest (e.g., Ho-Lu) lanthanides, enabling efficient separation of neighboring lanthanides in-between (e.g., Sm-Dy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine
R. Johnson
- Nuclear
Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Darren M. Driscoll
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Joshua T. Damron
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander S. Ivanov
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Liu Z, Ding Y, Xie S, Hu Y, Xiao H, Liu X, Fan X. Chronic exposure to yttrium induced cell apoptosis in the testis by mediating Ca 2+/IP3R1/CaMKII signaling. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1104195. [PMID: 36794068 PMCID: PMC9923002 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental pollutants, such as rare earth elements, affect human health and particularly induce reproductive system injury. Yttrium (Y), one of the most widely used heavy rare earth elements, has been reported the cytotoxicity. However, the biological effects of Y3+ in the human body are largely unknown. Methods To further investigate the effects of Y on the reproductive system, in vivo (rat models) and in vitro studies were performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination were conducted, and western blotting assays were performed to detect the protein expression. TUNEL/DAPI staining were used to detect cell apoptosis, and the intracellular calcium concentrations were also determined. Results Long-term exposure to YCl3 in rats produced significant pathological changes. YCl3 treatment could induce cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, YCl3 enhanced the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ and up regulated the expression of IP3R1/CaMKII axis in Leydig cells. However, inhibition of IP3R1 and CaMKII with 2-APB and KN93, respectively, could reverse these effects. Conclusion Long-term exposure to yttrium could induce testicular injury by stimulating cell apoptosis, which might be associated with activation of Ca2+/IP3R1/CaMKII axis in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yechun Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuchun Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of Ministry of Education of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaona Fan ✉
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12
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Lee SG, Ko KS. Development of an analytical method for accurate and precise determination of rare earth element concentrations in geological materials using an MC-ICP-MS and group separation. Front Chem 2023; 10:906160. [PMID: 36712979 PMCID: PMC9878377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.906160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) in geological materials including SLRS-6 (natural water certified reference material) and JB1b, JA1, and JG2 (Standard Rock Materials of Geological Survey of Japan) can be used as a tracer to characterize various geochemical processes in earth systems. Particularly, accurate and precise determination of rare earth element concentration in natural waters is difficult due to their extremely low concentration and the interference of polyatomic oxides. In this study, we developed a method for accurate and precise determination of the REE (particularly heavy rare earth elements) concentrations in geological materials including natural waters using a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) and group separation by 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA). The REEs were separated into light rare earth elements (LREEs, La-Ce-Pr-Nd), middle rare earth elements (MREEs, Sm-Eu-Gd-Tb), and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs, Dy-Ho-Er-Tm-Yb-Lu) by a cation-exchange column (AG50W-X8 200-400 mesh) using HIBA. The recovery rates of each REE in the natural water sample exceeded 98%, whereas the recovery rates of each REE in rock materials exceeded 95% except for HREEs. The method developed in this study can accurately measure the REE concentrations (particularly HREE) in geological materials without polyatomic oxide interference during the REE analysis by using the MC-ICP-MS and, thus, can correctly interpret the geochemical implications of REEs in geological systems. The determination of the Sr concentrations and Sr isotopic ratios of SLRS-6 CRM and JB1b, JA1, and JG2 SRMs is also reported, and they are shown to be in good agreement with the recommended values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gu Lee
- Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Republic ofKorea,*Correspondence: Seung-Gu Lee,
| | - Kyung-Seok Ko
- Groundwater Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Republic ofKorea
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Lin YT, Liu RX, Audira G, Suryanto ME, Roldan MJM, Lee JS, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. Lanthanides Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos Are Correlated to Their Atomic Number. Toxics 2022; 10:336. [PMID: 35736944 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical metallic materials with a broad application in industry and biomedicine. The exponential increase in REEs utilization might elevate the toxicity to aquatic animals if they are released into the water due to uncareful handling. The specific objective of our study is to explore comprehensively the critical factor of a model Lanthanide complex electronic structures for the acute toxicity of REEs based on utilizing zebrafish as a model animal. Based on the 96 h LC50 test, we found that the majority of light REEs display lower LC50 values (4.19–25.17 ppm) than heavy REEs (10.30–41.83 ppm); indicating that they are atomic number dependent. Later, linear regression analyses further show that the average carbon charge on the aromatic ring (aromatic Cavg charge) can be the most significant electronic structural factor responsible for the Lanthanides’ toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Our results confirm a very strong correlation of LC50 to Lanthanide’s atomic numbers (r = 0.72), Milliken charge (r = 0.70), and aromatic Cavg charge (r = −0.85). This most significant correlation suggests a possible toxicity mechanism that the Lanthanide cation’s capability to stably bind to the aromatic ring on the residue of targeted proteins via a covalent chelating bond. Instead, the increasing ionic bond character can reduce REEs’ toxicity. In addition, Lanthanide toxicity was also evaluated by observing the disruption of photo motor response (PMR) activity in zebrafish embryos. Our study provides the first in vivo evidence to demonstrate the correlation between an atomic number of Lanthanide ions and the Lanthanide toxicity to zebrafish embryos.
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Syrvatka V, Rabets A, Gromyko O, Luzhetskyy A, Fedorenko V. Scandium-microorganism interactions in new biotechnologies. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1088-1101. [PMID: 35346528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Scandium (Sc) plays a special role in high-tech industries because of its wide application in green, space, and defense technologies. However, Sc mining and purification are problematic due to political, technological, and environmental difficulties. The deficit of this element limits global technological development. One sustainable solution to this problem is to use microorganisms to extract Sc from ore and waste, as well as to concentrate and separate it from other elements. Sc also demonstrates attractive metabolic effects on microbes that is of great interest in white biotechnology. Sc increases the production of proteins and secondary metabolites and activates poorly expressed genes. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of current knowledge on the application of Sc-microorganism interactions in promising biotechnologies, its perspectives, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Syrvatka
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Rabets
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Gromyko
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Victor Fedorenko
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine.
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15
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Liu C, Han G, Hu B, Geng F, Liu M, Dai S, Yang Y. Fast Screening of Coal Fly Ash with Potential for Rare Earth Element Recovery by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16716-16722. [PMID: 34890179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REYs) are in increasing global demand, but their mining is costly and environmentally destructive. Coal fly ash (CFA) is a promising alternative source of REYs, but it is necessary to identify CFA with sufficiently high REY concentrations. This study proposes the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as part of a simple method to identify CFAs with adequate REY concentrations. The EPR spectra of CFA samples taken from 186 Chinese commercial coal-fired power plants were analyzed. The results suggest that CFAs without evident 6-fold resonances are worth recycling (REY concentrations of 416 ± 108 mg/kg), while those with conspicuous 6-fold resonances are not worth recycling (REY concentrations of 55 ± 26 mg/kg). This is probably due to isomorphic substitution of Ca(II) for Mn(II) and REY(III), resulting in low concentrations of Mn(II) and REY(III) in Ca-rich CFAs. This EPR evaluation method does not require specialized sample preparation, professional skills, or secondary data analysis and has potential global significance in the fast screening of CFAs with REY-recycling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoling Han
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fushan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shifeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Torok AI, Levei EA, Constantin S, Moldovan OT, Senila M, Cadar O, Casoni D, Angyus SB, Tanaselia C, Covaci E, Frentiu T. Application of Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometric Techniques and Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Hydrogeochemical Profiling of Caves-Case Study Cloșani, Romania. Molecules 2021; 26:6788. [PMID: 34833878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop the hydrogeochemical profiling of caves based on the elemental composition of water and silty soil samples and a multivariate statistical analysis. Major and trace elements, including rare earths, were determined in the water and soil samples. The general characteristics of water, anions content, inorganic and organic carbon fractions and nitrogen species (NO3− and NH4+) were also considered. The ANOVA—principal component analysis (PCA) and two-way joining analysis were applied on samples collected from Cloșani Cave, Romania. The ANOVA-PCA revealed that the hydrogeochemical characteristics of Ca2+-HCO3− water facies were described by five factors, the strongest being associated with water-carbonate rock interactions and the occurrence of Ca, Mg and HCO3− (43.4%). Although organic carbon fractions have a lower influence (20.1%) than inorganic ones on water characteristics, they are involved in the chemical processes of nitrogen and of the elements involved in redox processes (Fe, Mn, Cr and Sn). The seasonal variability of water characteristics, especially during the spring, was observed. The variability of silty soil samples was described by four principal components, the strongest influence being attributed to rare earth elements (52.2%). The ANOVA-PCA provided deeper information compared to Gibbs and Piper diagrams and the correlation analysis.
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17
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Gaman L, Radoi MP, Delia CE, Luzardo OP, Zumbado M, Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Stoian I, Gilca M, Boada LD, Henríquez-Hernández LA. Concentration of heavy metals and rare earth elements in patients with brain tumours: Analysis in tumour tissue, non-tumour tissue, and blood. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:741-754. [PMID: 31674203 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1685079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic elements have been associated with brain tumours for long. The blood concentration of 47 elements was assessed by ICP-MS in 26 brain tumour patients and 21 healthy subjects from Bucharest (Romania). All 47 elements were detected in the brain tumour tissue, and 22 were detected in > 80% of samples; this implies that these elements can cross the blood-brain barrier. Median blood levels of cadmium, lead, and nickel were higher than the reference values (1.14, 53.3, and 2.53 ng/mL). Gadolinium and tantalum showed significantly higher concentrations among cases. We observed considerable differences and different profiles of the presence of inorganic elements between the tumour and non-tumour brain tissue and between tissue from the primary tumour and tissue from brain metastasis. Our data suggest that similar to heavy metals, other elements - commonly used in high tech devices and rare earth elements - can also influence brain tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gaman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mugurel Petrinel Radoi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgical Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Elena Delia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Biochemistry Laboratory, National Institute for the Mother and Child Health Alessandrescu Rusescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Irina Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Wu M, Wang Z, Zhang N, Ge C, Zhang Y. Theoretical Predictions of the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten- Rare Earth Element Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14113046. [PMID: 34204999 PMCID: PMC8199903 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten (W) is considered as the potential plasma facing material of the divertor and the first wall material in fusion. To further improve the ductility of W, the structural and mechanical properties of W-M (M = rare earth element Y, La, Ce and Lu) alloys are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. Our results reveal that all the W1-xMx (x = 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25) alloys can form binary solid solution at the atomic level, and the alloys keep bcc lattice structures until the concentration of M increases to a certain value. Although the moduli of the alloys are reduced compared to that of pure W metal, the characteristic B/G ratio and Poisson's ratio significantly increase, implying all the four rare earth elements can efficiently improve the ductility of W metal. Considering both factors of mechanical strength and ductility, La and Ce are better alloying elements than Y and Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changchun Ge
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: 86-010-6233-4951 (C.G. & Y.Z.); Fax: +86-010-6233-4951 (C.G. & Y.Z.)
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: 86-010-6233-4951 (C.G. & Y.Z.); Fax: +86-010-6233-4951 (C.G. & Y.Z.)
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Zhu C, Chen Q, Ming H, Qin X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Peng D, Chen T, Li D, Kawazoe Y. Improved Thermoelectric Performance of Cu 12Sb 4S 13 through Gd-Substitution Induced Enhancement of Electronic Density of States and Phonon Scattering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25092-25101. [PMID: 34027655 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cu12Sb4S13 has aroused great interest because of its earth-abundant constituents and intrinsic low thermal conductivity. However, the applications of Cu12Sb4S13 are hindered by its poor thermoelectric performance. Herein, it is shown that Gd substitution not only causes a significant increase in both electrical conductivity σ and thermopower S but also leads to dramatic drop in lattice thermal conductivity κL. Consequently, large ZT reaches 0.94 at 749 K for Cu11.7Gd0.3Sb4S13, which is ∼41% higher than the ZT value of undoped sample. Rietveld refinements of XRD results show that accompanying inhibition of impurity phase Cu3SbS4, the number of Cu vacancies increases substantially with substituted content x (x ≤ 0.3), which leads to reduced κL owing to intensive phonon scattering by the point defects and increased σ arising from the charged defects (VCu'). Crucially, synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy reveals substantial increment of electronic density of states at Fermi level upon Gd substitution, which is proven, by our first-principle calculations, to originate from contribution of Gd 4f orbit, resulting in enhancement of S. Our study provides us with a new path to enhance thermoelectric performance of Cu12Sb4S13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Quan Chen
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Hongwei Ming
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Qin
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Di Peng
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Di Li
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu India
- School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Kolawole TO, Olatunji OS, Ajibade OM, Oyelami CA. Sources and Level of Rare Earth Element Contamination of Atmospheric Dust in Nigeria. J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210611. [PMID: 34267998 PMCID: PMC8276721 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare earth element (REE) composition of atmospheric dust has recently been used to trace potential sources of dust pollution. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine the sources of atmospheric pollution in the study area using REE patterns and determine their level of pollution. METHODS Twenty-five (25) atmospheric dust samples were collected in the study area, with five samples each from an industrial area, traffic area, dumpsite area, residential area and remote area in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. In addition, five (5) topsoil and two (2) rock samples (granite gneiss) were collected for comparison. Concentrations of REE were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS The ratio of lanthanum/cerium (La/Ce), especially in some locations in industrial area (1.5), traffic area (1.5) and to some extent dumpsite area (1.1) was higher than in soil (0.2), upper continental crust (0.5) and the minimum value of fluid catalytic crackers (1.0). Generally, the respective average values of the ratios of La/praseodymium (Pr), La/neodymium (Nd) and La/samarium (Sm) in industrial area (32.1, 7.8 and 52.6) and traffic area (14.9, 4.4 and 26.8) were higher than their respective averages in soil (4.4, 1.1 and 6.2), rock (5.7, 1.9 and 14.1), upper continental crust (4.4, 1.1 and 6.6) and the minimum value in fluid catalytic crackers (5.8, 3.7 and 37.0). Meanwhile, their corresponding value in the dumpsite area, residential area and remote area were lower or similar to the geological background levels. DISCUSSION The contamination factors of REEs in the atmospheric dust of the industrial area and traffic area were classified as heavily contaminated, especially with light lanthanoid elements in REE. The degree of contamination of REEs in the atmospheric dust of industrial area (30.9) and traffic area (18.8) fell within the considerable contamination category. The high values of the light lanthanoid ratio and the contamination indices were attributed to their emission from the fired-power plant and vehicular exhaust. CONCLUSIONS Most of the composition of the atmospheric dust was sourced from the local geology of the study area as observed in the residential area and remote area, while the contamination in the industrial area and traffic area was attributed to human activities. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesleem O. Kolawole
- Department of Geological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria
| | - Omowunmi S. Olatunji
- Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa M. Ajibade
- Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Ona-Banjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Charles A. Oyelami
- Department of Geological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria
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Natarajan S, Gopalan V, Rajan RAA, Jen CP. Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W-Ni-Fe Alloy-A Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14071660. [PMID: 33800669 PMCID: PMC8037632 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten heavy alloys are two-phase metal matrix composites that include W–Ni–Fe and W–Ni–Cu. The significant feature of these alloys is their ability to acquire both strength and ductility. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the basic alloy and to limit or avoid the need for post-processing techniques, other elements are doped with the alloy and performance studies are carried out. This work focuses on the developments through the years in improving the performance of the classical tungsten heavy alloy of W–Ni–Fe through doping of other elements. The influence of the percentage addition of rare earth elements of yttrium, lanthanum, and their oxides and refractory metals such as rhenium, tantalum, and molybdenum on the mechanical properties of the heavy alloy is critically analyzed. Based on the microstructural and property evaluation, the effects of adding the elements at various proportions are discussed. The addition of molybdenum and rhenium to the heavy alloy gives good strength and ductility. The oxides of yttrium, when added in a small quantity, help to reduce the tungsten’s grain size and obtain good tensile and compressive strengths at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilnathan Natarajan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Venkatachalam Gopalan
- Centre for Innovation and Product Development, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai 600127, India;
| | | | - Chun-Ping Jen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing for High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Yang B, Wang A, Liu K, Liu C, Xie J, Wang G, Wei S. Effects of CeO 2 Content on Friction and Wear Properties of SiCp/Al-Si Composite Prepared by Powder Metallurgy. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4547. [PMID: 33066309 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SiCp/Al-Si composites with different CeO2 contents were prepared by a powder metallurgy method. The effect of CeO2 content on mechanical properties, friction and wear properties of the composites was studied. The results show that with the increase in CeO2 content from 0 to 1.8 wt%, the density, hardness, friction coefficient of the composites first increases and then decreases, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and wear rate of the composites first decreases and then increases. When the content of CeO2 was 0.6 wt%, the density and hardness of the composite reached the maximum value of 98.54% and 113.7 HBW, respectively, the CTE of the composite reached the minimum value of 11.1 × 10-6 K-1, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite reached the maximum value of 0.32 and the minimum value of 1.02 mg/m, respectively. CeO2 has little effect on the wear mechanism of composites, and the wear mechanism of composites with different CeO2 content is mainly abrasive wear under the load of 550 N. Compared with the content of CeO2, load has a great influence on the wear properties of the composites. The wear mechanism of the composites is mainly oxidation wear and abrasive wear under low load. With the increase in load, the wear degree of abrasive particles is aggravated, and adhesive wear occurs under higher load.
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Yang B, Wang A, Liu K, Liu C, Xie J, Wang G, Wei S. Effects of CeO 2 on the Si Precipitation Mechanism of SiCp/Al-Si Composite Prepared by Powder Metallurgy. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13194365. [PMID: 33008050 PMCID: PMC7579041 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SiCp/Al-Si composites with different CeO2 contents were prepared by a powder metallurgy method. The effect of CeO2 content on the microstructure of the composites was studied. The mechanism of CeO2 on the precipitation of Si during sintering was analyzed by theoretical calculations. The results show that the appropriate amount of CeO2 can significantly refine the size of precipitated Si particles in the composite and increase the number of Si particles. With the increase of CeO2 content from 0 to 0.6 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites increases gradually, and the average particle size of Si particles decreases gradually. When the CeO2 content is 0.6 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites reaches the maximum, and the average particle size reaches the minimum. However, with the increase of CeO2 content from 0.6 wt% to 1.8 wt%, the number of Si particles precipitated in the composites began to decrease, and the average size of Si particles gradually increased. CeO2 can be used as heterogeneous nucleation substrate of precipitated Si, and the nucleation rate of precipitated Si on a CeO2 substrate is higher than that on an aluminum substrate. The proper addition of CeO2 can improve the nucleation efficiency of precipitated Si, thus increasing the amount and refining the size of precipitated Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (A.W.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (J.X.); (G.W.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0379-6990-1432
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (A.W.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (J.X.); (G.W.); (S.W.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kunding Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (A.W.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (J.X.); (G.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (A.W.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (J.X.); (G.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Jingpei Xie
- Materials Science and Engineering School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (A.W.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (J.X.); (G.W.); (S.W.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guangxin Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (A.W.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (J.X.); (G.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Shizhong Wei
- Materials Science and Engineering School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (A.W.); (K.L.); (C.L.); (J.X.); (G.W.); (S.W.)
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Medina-Estévez F, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP, Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Boada LD, Fernández-Fuertes F, Santandreu-Jimenez ME, Henríquez-Hernández LA. Association between Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Elements with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study Conducted in the Canary Islands (Spain). Toxics 2020; 8:toxics8030066. [PMID: 32887274 PMCID: PMC7560340 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of inorganic elements as risk factors for stroke has been suggested. We designed a case-control study to explore the role of 45 inorganic elements as factors associated with stroke in 92 patients and 83 controls. Nineteen elements were detected in >80% of patients and 21 were detected in >80% of controls. Blood level of lead was significantly higher among patients (11.2 vs. 9.03 ng/mL) while gold and cerium were significantly higher among controls (0.013 vs. 0.007 ng/mL; and 18.0 vs. 15.0 ng/mL). Lead was associated with stroke in univariate and multivariate analysis (OR = 1.65 (95% CI, 1.09–2.50) and OR = 1.91 (95% CI, 1.20–3.04), respectively). Gold and cerium showed an inverse association with stroke in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.81 (95% CI, 0.69–0.95) and OR = 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.78)). Future studies are needed to elucidate the potential sources of exposure and disclose the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florián Medina-Estévez
- Rehabilitation Service, Complejo Hospitalario Insular-Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Avenida Marítima del Sur, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (F.M.-E.); (F.F.-F.); (M.E.S.-J.)
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.Z.); (O.P.L.); (Á.R.-H.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Octavio P. Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.Z.); (O.P.L.); (Á.R.-H.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.Z.); (O.P.L.); (Á.R.-H.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Luis D. Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.Z.); (O.P.L.); (Á.R.-H.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Fernando Fernández-Fuertes
- Rehabilitation Service, Complejo Hospitalario Insular-Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Avenida Marítima del Sur, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (F.M.-E.); (F.F.-F.); (M.E.S.-J.)
| | - María Elvira Santandreu-Jimenez
- Rehabilitation Service, Complejo Hospitalario Insular-Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Avenida Marítima del Sur, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (F.M.-E.); (F.F.-F.); (M.E.S.-J.)
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (M.Z.); (O.P.L.); (Á.R.-H.); (L.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Cui Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Qi W, Wang J, Ju P, Zhao Y, Liu B, Zhang T, Wang F. Influence of Rare Earth Element (Y) on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Hot Extrusion AZ91 Magnesium Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E3651. [PMID: 32824761 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of rare earth element (RE) Y on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of extruded AZ91 Mg alloy was surveyed via morphology characterization and corrosion performance measurements. The results indicate the corrosion resistance of the transversal section of AZ91 Mg alloy containing Y was improved compared with AZ91 Mg alloy without Y. The corrosion resistance of the longitudinal section of AZ91 Mg alloy with Y was lower than that of AZ91 Mg alloy without Y. The change of corrosion resistance can be attributed to the dispersion and volume fraction of the second phase, the effect of cathodic reduction rate, and the refined second phase.
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Ju M, Wang J, Huang J, Zhang C, Jin Y, Sun W, Li S, Chen Y. The Microstructure and Electronic Properties of Yttrium Oxide Doped With Cerium: A Theoretical Insight. Front Chem 2020; 8:338. [PMID: 32411670 PMCID: PMC7198891 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trivalent Cerium (Ce3+) doped Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) host crystal has drawn considerable interest due to its popular optical 5d-4f transition. The outstanding optical properties of Y2O3:Ce system have been demonstrated by previous studies but the microstructures still remain unclear. The lacks of Y2O3:Ce microstructures could constitute a problem to further exploit its potential applications. In this sense, we have comprehensively investigated the structural evolutions of Y2O3:Ce crystals based on the CALYPSO structure search method in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. Our result uncovers a new rhombohedral phase of Y2O3:Ce with R-3 group symmetry. In the host crystal, the Y3+ ion at central site can be naturally replaced by the doped Ce3+, resulting in a perfect cage-like configuration. We find an interesting phase transition that the crystallographic symmetry of Y2O3 changes from cubic to rhombohedral when the impurity Ce3+ is doped into the host crystal. With the nominal concentration of Ce3+ at 3.125%, many metastable structures are also identified due to the different occupying points in the host crystal. The X-ray diffraction patterns of Y2O3:Ce are simulated and the theoretical result is comparable to experimental data, thus demonstrating the validity of the lowest energy structure. The result of phonon dispersions shows that the ground state structure is dynamically stable. The analysis of electronic properties indicate that the Y2O3:Ce possesses a band gap of 4.20 eV which suggests that the incorporation of impurity Ce3+ ion into Y2O3 host crystal leads to an insulator to semiconductor transition. Meanwhile, the strong covalent bonds of O atoms in the crystal, which may greatly contribute to the stability of ground state structure, are evidenced by electron localization function. These obtained results elucidate the structural and bonding characters of Y2O3:Ce and could also provide useful insights for understanding the experimental phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ju
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,College of Computer and Information Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Sun
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shichang Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhong Chen
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
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Barros Ó, Costa L, Costa F, Lago A, Rocha V, Vipotnik Z, Silva B, Tavares T. Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Wastewater Towards a Circular Economy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061005. [PMID: 30871164 PMCID: PMC6471397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of rare earth elements is a growing trend in diverse industrial activities, leading to the need for eco-friendly approaches to their efficient recovery and reuse. The aim of this work is the development of an environmentally friendly and competitive technology for the recovery of those elements from wastewater. Kinetic and equilibria batch assays were performed with zeolite, with and without bacterial biofilm, to entrap rare earth ions from aqueous solution. Continuous assays were also performed in column setups. Over 90% removal of lanthanum and cerium was achieved using zeolite as sorbent, with and without biofilm, decreasing to 70% and 80%, respectively, when suspended Bacillus cereus was used. Desorption from the zeolite reached over 60%, regardless of the tested conditions. When in continuous flow in columns, the removal yield was similar for all of the rare earth elements tested. Lanthanum and cerium were the elements most easily removed by all tested sorbents when tested in single- or multi-solute solutions, in batch and column assays. Rare earth removal from wastewater in open setups is possible, as well as their recovery by desorption processes, allowing a continuous mode of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Barros
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lara Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Filomena Costa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lago
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ziva Vipotnik
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bruna Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Tavares
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Koutrotsios G, Danezis GP, Georgiou CA, Zervakis GI. Rare earth elements concentration in mushroom cultivation substrates affects the production process and fruit-bodies content of Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5418-5427. [PMID: 29675903 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrations of 16 rare earth elements (REEs) and two actinides were determined for the first time both in cultivated mushrooms and in their production substrates by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of REEs on cultivation parameters and composition of the final product was assessed, together with their potential use for authentication purposes. RESULTS The concentrations of REEs varied greatly among seven cultivation substrates and correlated with measurements in Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms; no such correlation was established in Pleurotus ostreatus. Reduction of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in substrates during P. ostreatus cultivation was positively correlated with REE concentrations, which also affected the production performance depending on the species examined. In all cases, a negative correlation was established between bioconcentration factors (BCF) in mushrooms and REE content in substrates, while the effect of substrate composition on BCF values varied according to the element studied. The estimated daily intake values of REEs through mushroom consumption was at much lower levels than those reported as potentially harmful for human health. CONCLUSION The content of REEs in cultivation substrates and in mushrooms revealed that the bioaccumulation of elements differed in each fungus. The nature/origin of substrates seemed to affect the concentration of REEs in mushrooms to a considerable extent. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Koutrotsios
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios P Danezis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Georgiou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Department of Crop Science, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Zhang X, Zeng X, Liu L, Lan X, Huang J, Zeng H, Li R, Luo K, Wu W, Zhou M, Li S. Correlation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with rare earth elements and the Epstein-Barr virus. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541176 PMCID: PMC5835927 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration and distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were measured to investigate connections with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. There were 30 patients with NPC who met the criteria for inclusion in the present study. The EBV copy number, as well as the concentration and distribution of REE, was analyzed. EBV was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, with the concentrations of REE in NPC tissues measured using inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. The mean values were used when comparing concentrations of REE in NPC tissues as the standard deviation of this parameter was the lowest. Light REE had the highest concentrations, followed by medium, and then heavy REE. The concentrations of REE decreased with increasing tumor size and with the presence of lymph node metastasis. The concentrations of REE gradually increased between stage II and IVa, but markedly decreased thereafter. The elements that exhibited the greatest decreases were terbium, holmium and ytterbium. Furthermore, the concentrations of REE in NPC were not associated with sex (r=0.301, P=0.106) or age (r=−0.011, P=0.955), and were negatively associated with EBV (r=−0.744, P<0.001). By contrast, the EBV copy number increased alongside advancements in clinical stage. Changes in the concentrations of REE in NPC were more prominent for medium and heavy elements. Additionally, alterations in the concentrations of heavy REE may affect the occurrence and development of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfu Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Lianbin Liu
- Ganzhou Institute of Cancer Research, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Ganzhou Institute of Cancer Research, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Hongxue Zeng
- Ganzhou Institute of Cancer Research, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Ganzhou Institute of Cancer Research, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Keqing Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Maohua Zhou
- Ganzhou Institute of Cancer Research, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Shaojin Li
- Ganzhou Institute of Cancer Research, Tumor Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
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Wilfong WC, Kail BW, Bank TL, Howard BH, Gray ML. Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Aqueous Solution with Porous Amine-Epoxy Networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:18283-18294. [PMID: 28498653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recovering aqueous rare earth elements (REEs) from domestic water sources is one key strategy to diminish the U.S.'s foreign reliance of these precious commodities. Herein, we synthesized an array of porous, amine-epoxy monolith and particle REE recovery sorbents from different polyamine, namely tetraethylenepentamine, and diepoxide (E2), triepoxide (E3), and tetra-epoxide (E4) monomer combinations via a polymer-induced phase separation (PIPS) method. The polyamines provided -NH2 (primary amine) plus -NH (secondary amine) REE adsorption sites, which were partially reacted with C-O-C (epoxide) groups at different amine/epoxide ratios to precipitate porous materials that exhibited a wide range of apparent porosities and REE recoveries/affinities. Specifically, polymer particles (ground monoliths) were tested for their recovery of La3+, Nd3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, and Yb3+ (Ln3+) species from ppm-level, model REE solutions (pH ≈ 2.4, 5.5, and 6.4) and a ppb-level, simulated acid mine drainage (AMD) solution (pH ≈ 2.6). Screening the sorbents revealed that E3/TEPA-88 (88% theoretical reaction of -NH2 plus -NH) recovered, overall, the highest percentage of Ln3+ species of all particles from model 100 ppm- and 500 ppm-concentrated REE solutions. Water swelling (monoliths) and ex situ, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) (ground monoliths/particles) data revealed the high REE uptake by the optimized particles was facilitated by effective distribution of amine and hydroxyl groups within a porous, phase-separated polymer network. In situ DRIFTS results clarified that phase separation, in part, resulted from polymerization of the TEPA-E3 (N-N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline) species in the porogen via C-N bond formation, especially at higher temperatures. Most importantly, the E3/TEPA-88 material cyclically recovered >93% of ppb-level Ln3+ species from AMD solution in a recovery-strip-recovery scheme, highlighting the efficacy of these materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Christopher Wilfong
- U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory , 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory , P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Brian W Kail
- AECOM , 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Tracy L Bank
- AECOM , 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Bret H Howard
- U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory , 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - McMahan L Gray
- U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory , 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
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Ramenzoni LL, Weber FE, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Cerium Chloride Application Promotes Wound Healing and Cell Proliferation in Human Foreskin Fibroblasts. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E573. [PMID: 28772932 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of cerium chloride (CeCl₃) on cell migration and gene expression of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). HFF were exposed to three different CeCl₃ solutions (1%, 5% and 10%, w/v %) for three different time durations (1, 5 and 10 min). 72 h after exposure to CeCl₃, cell viability was assessed by MTT test. A scratch-wounded assay determined the cell migration and the width of the wound, measured at 24 h. Gene expression patterns for cyclins B1, D1 and E1 were analyzed by RT-PCR (p < 0.05, t-test). The viability proliferation increased at 1- and 5-min exposures for all CeCl₃ concentrations, in contrast to no treatment (p < 0.05 at 24 h). No influence of CeCl₃ was found after 10 min. The scratch assay showed increased cell migration up to 60% at 1 and 5 min after 24 h at 5% and 10%. Cyclin B1, D1 and E1 all showed upregulation, confirming an increase in cell proliferation. This study demonstrates that exposure time and concentration of CeCl₃ may have a positive effect on fibroblast viability and migration. Application of CeCl₃ may be beneficial as a cell-stimulating agent leading to therapeutic tissue fibrosis or more resistant tissue around teeth, when warranted, during different periodontal therapies.
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Imashuku S, Wagatsuma K, Kawai J. Scanning Electron Microscope-Cathodoluminescence Analysis of Rare-Earth Elements in Magnets. Microsc Microanal 2016; 22:82-86. [PMID: 26739864 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscope-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) analysis was performed for neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) and samarium-cobalt (Sm-Co) magnets to analyze the rare-earth elements present in the magnets. We examined the advantages of SEM-CL analysis over conventional analytical methods such as SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and SEM-wavelength-dispersive X-ray (WDX) spectroscopy for elemental analysis of rare-earth elements in NdFeB magnets. Luminescence spectra of chloride compounds of elements in the magnets were measured by the SEM-CL method. Chloride compounds were obtained by the dropwise addition of hydrochloric acid on the magnets followed by drying in vacuum. Neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, and dysprosium were separately detected in the NdFeB magnets, and samarium was detected in the Sm-Co magnet by the SEM-CL method. In contrast, it was difficult to distinguish terbium and dysprosium in the NdFeB magnet with a dysprosium concentration of 1.05 wt% by conventional SEM-EDX analysis. Terbium with a concentration of 0.02 wt% in an NdFeB magnet was detected by SEM-CL analysis, but not by conventional SEM-WDX analysis. SEM-CL analysis is advantageous over conventional SEM-EDX and SEM-WDX analyses for detecting trace rare-earth elements in NdFeB magnets, particularly dysprosium and terbium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Imashuku
- 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Kyoto University,Sakyo,Kyoto 606-8501,Japan
| | - Kazuaki Wagatsuma
- 2Institute for Materials Research,Tohoku University,2-1-1 Katahira,Aoba-ku,Sendai 980-8577,Japan
| | - Jun Kawai
- 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Kyoto University,Sakyo,Kyoto 606-8501,Japan
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Butnariu M, Negrea P, Lupa L, Ciopec M, Negrea A, Pentea M, Sarac I, Samfira I. Remediation of Rare Earth Element Pollutants by Sorption Process Using Organic Natural Sorbents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:11278-87. [PMID: 26378553 PMCID: PMC4586675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the sorption of environmental applications by various source materials of natural organic matter, i.e., bone powder, was examined. Sorption capacities and subsequent rare earth element retention characteristics of all metals tested were markedly increased by ionic task-specific. In this study, the abilities of three models’ isotherms widely were used for the equilibrium sorption data: Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson. For all studied metal ions the maximum adsorption capacity is close to those experimentally determined. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm and related coefficients of determination have been determined. The experimental data achieved excellent fits within the following isotherms in the order: Langmuir > Redlich-Peterson > Freundlich, based on their coefficient of determination values. The bone powder has developed higher adsorption performance in the removal process of Nd(III), Eu(III), La(III) from aqueous solutions than in the case of the removal process of Cs(I), Sr(II) and Tl(I) from aqueous solutions. The described relationships provide direct experimental evidence that the sorption-desorption properties of bone powder are closely related to their degree of the type of the metal. The results suggest a potential for obtaining efficient and cost-effective engineered natural organic sorbents for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 300645, Romania.
| | - Petru Negrea
- Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, P-Ta Victoriei 2, Timisoara 300006, Romania.
| | - Lavinia Lupa
- Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, P-Ta Victoriei 2, Timisoara 300006, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Ciopec
- Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, P-Ta Victoriei 2, Timisoara 300006, Romania.
| | - Adina Negrea
- Politehnica University Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, P-Ta Victoriei 2, Timisoara 300006, Romania.
| | - Marius Pentea
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 300645, Romania.
| | - Ionut Sarac
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 300645, Romania.
| | - Ionel Samfira
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 300645, Romania.
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Sartain HT, Staples RJ, Biros SM. Crystal structure of penta-kis-(ethyl-enedi-amine-κ(2) N,N')lanthanum(III) trichloride-ethylene-diamine-dichloromethane (1/1/1). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:424-6. [PMID: 25484764 PMCID: PMC4257261 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814023289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report here the crystal structure of a ten-coordinate lanthanum(III) metal coordinated by five bidentate ethyl-enedi-amine ligands, [La(C2H8N2)5]Cl3·C2H8N2·CH2Cl2. One free ethyl-enedi-amine mol-ecule and three Cl(-) anions are also located in the asymmetric unit. The overall structure is held together by an extensive hydrogen-bonding network between the Cl(-) anions and the NH groups on the metal-bound ethyl-enedi-amine ligands. The free ethyl-enedi-amine mol-ecule is held in an ordered position by additional hydrogen bonds involving both the chlorides and -NH groups on the metal-bound ligands. One highly disordered mol-ecule of di-chloro-methane is located on an inversion center; however, all attempts to model this disorder were unsuccessful. The electron density in this space was removed using the BYPASS procedure [van der Sluis & Spek (1990 ▶). Acta Cryst. A46, 194-201].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope T. Sartain
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Center for Crystallographic Research, Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shannon M. Biros
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
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Stoscup JA, Staples RJ, Biros SM. Crystal structure of a samarium(III) nitrate chain cross-linked by a bis-carbamoyl-methyl-phosphine oxide ligand. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:188-91. [PMID: 25484648 PMCID: PMC4257186 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound poly[aqua-bis-(μ-nitrato-κ(4) O,O':O,O'')tetra-kis-(nitrato-κ(2) O,O'){μ4-tetra-ethyl [(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(aza-nedi-yl)bis-(2-oxo-ethane-2,1-di-yl)]di-phospho-nate-κ(2) O,O'}disamarium(III)], [Sm2(NO3)6(C14H30N2O8P2)(H2O)] n , a 12-coordinate Sm(III) and a nine-coordinate Sm(III) cation are alternately linked via shared bis-bidentate nitrate anions into a corrugated chain extending parallel to the a axis. The nine-coordinate Sm(III) atom of this chain is also chelated by a bidentate, yet flexible, carbamoyl-methyl-phoshine oxide (CMPO) ligand and bears one water mol-ecule. This water mol-ecule is hydrogen bonded to nitrate groups bonded to the 12-coordinate Sm(III) cation. The CMPO ligand, which lies about an inversion center, links neighboring chains along the c axis, forming sheets parallel to the ac plane. Hydrogen bonds between the amide NH group and metal-bound nitrate anions are also present in these sheets. The sheets are packed along the b axis through only van der Waals inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stoscup
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Richard J Staples
- Center for Crystallographic Research, Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shannon M Biros
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
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Zhao L, Zhang FS, Zhang J. Chemical properties of rare earth elements in typical medical waste incinerator ashes in China. J Hazard Mater 2008; 158:465-70. [PMID: 18329796 PMCID: PMC7116950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Medical waste (MW) ashes from different types of MW incinerators were examined to detect the characteristics and environmental impact of rare earth elements (REEs). The results showed that total REE contents in the ash samples ranged from 10.2 to 78.9 mg/kg. REEs in bottom ash were apparently higher than those in fly ash. Average REE contents in the ashes followed the sequence of Ce>La>Nd>Y>Gd>Pr>Sm>Dy>Er>Yb>Ho>Eu>Tb>Lu>Tm. Some of the elements, such as Sm, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb in the ash samples were in normal or nearly normal distribution, but Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Tm, Lu were not normally distributed, indicating some of the ash samples were enriched with these elements. Crust-normalized REE patterns indicated that two types of the MW ashes were obviously enriched with Gd and La. Sequential extraction results showed that REEs in the ash mainly presented as residual fraction, while exchangeable and carbonate fractions were relatively low. DTPA- and EDTA-extraction tests indicated that REEs in the MW ashes were generally in low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fu-Shen Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Harbin Environmental Monitoring Center, Harbin 150016, China
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