1
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Chen Z, Yang S, Wu L, Li S, Yang L. Photocatalyzed Imino-Difluoromethylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Oxime Esters. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39256949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple and versatile difluoromethylene-imide reaction in which a series of olefins can undergo a difluoromethylenimine reaction under photocatalytic conditions through an energy transfer (EnT) process. The reaction has mild conditions and a wide range of applicability. We successfully synthesized 27 molecules containing difluoromethylene units, featuring easily accessible starting materials and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shuhang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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2
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Liu M, Liu B, Chen H, Wang Q, Liu L, Feng K, Wang Z, Li Q. Synthesis of 2 H-imidazoles via copper-catalyzed homo/cross-coupling of oxime acetates. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39171576 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00977k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A facile and practical protocol to construct 2H-imidazoles by applying an oxime acetate block as the sole component via oxidative homo/cross-coupling catalyzed by Cu(I) was developed. This strategy provides a straightforward method to produce a series of substituted 2H-imidazoles in moderate to excellent yields. The transformation process is straightforward to operate and is considered as a readily available catalytic system exhibiting good substrate compatibility, eliminating the necessity for pre-functionalization of azides or the use of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Bifu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Hongyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Kejun Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Zijia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1, Hunan Street, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P. R. China
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3
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Sun Z, Zhang J, Du X, Liu L, Gao S, Qi C, Li X, Xu X. Photoinduced EnT-mediated sulfonamidylimination of alkenes and (hetero)arenes with iminophenylacetic acid oxime esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7934-7937. [PMID: 38984732 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
A photoinduced EnT-mediated generation of sulfonamidyl radicals has been accomplished using rationally designed iminophenylacetic acid oxime ester reagents under metal-free conditions. This approach offers a mild, regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of N-sulfonyl diamines via diamination of alkenes and (hetero)arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetian Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Jianting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohua Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Shuo Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Chenchen Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangsheng Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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4
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Goti G, Manal K, Sivaguru J, Dell'Amico L. The impact of UV light on synthetic photochemistry and photocatalysis. Nat Chem 2024; 16:684-692. [PMID: 38429343 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
During the past 15 years, an increasing number of research groups have embraced visible-light-mediated synthetic transformations as a powerful strategy for the construction and functionalization of organic molecules. This trend has followed the advent and development of photocatalysis, which often operates under mild visible-light irradiation. Nowadays, the general perception of UV-light photochemistry is often as an out-of-fashion approach that is difficult to perform and leads to unselective reaction pathways. Here we wish to propose an alternative and more realistic point of view to the scientific community. First, we will provide an overview of the use of UV light in modern photochemistry, highlighting the pivotal role it still plays in the development of new, efficient synthetic methods. We will then show how the high levels of mechanistic understanding reached for UV-light-driven processes have been key in the implementation of the related visible-light-driven transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Goti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kavyasree Manal
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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5
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Laskar R, Dutta S, Spies JC, Mukherjee P, Rentería-Gómez Á, Thielemann RE, Daniliuc CG, Gutierrez O, Glorius F. γ-Amino Alcohols via Energy Transfer Enabled Brook Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10899-10907. [PMID: 38569596 PMCID: PMC11027157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In the long-standing quest to synthesize fundamental building blocks with key functional group motifs, photochemistry in the recent past has comprehensively established its attractiveness. Amino alcohols are not only functionally diverse but are ubiquitous in the biologically active realm of compounds. We developed bench-stable bifunctional reagents that could then access the sparsely reported γ-amino alcohols directly from feedstock alkenes through energy transfer (EnT) photocatalysis. A designed 1,3-linkage across alkenes is made possible by the intervention of a radical Brook rearrangement that takes place downstream to the EnT-mediated homolysis of our reagent(s). A combination of experimental mechanistic investigations and detailed computational studies (DFT) indicates a radical chain propagated reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjini Laskar
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan C. Spies
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Poulami Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Thielemann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843 College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Jin C, Ning C, Sui Y, Zhang B, Li X, Pan L, Liu Q, Li Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Alkene Amination: C(sp 2)-H/N-H Radical-Radical Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling. Org Lett 2024; 26:2326-2331. [PMID: 38451219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Direct alkene C-H/N-H cross dehydrogenative coupling is an infrequent, highly challenging transformation. Herein, a photoredox radical-radical cross-coupling reaction between ketene dithioacetal as a persistent alkene radical cation and azole nitrogen center radical (NCR) was developed. This direct alkene amination proceeded through a synergistic photoredox and cobalt catalysis, with only H2 evolution. The reaction showed excellent tolerance and highly regio- and stereospecific manner, expanding the scope of C(sp2)-N construction methods and radical cross-coupling modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Cailin Ning
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yating Sui
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bingxin Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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7
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Xiao ZL, Xie ZZ, Yuan CP, Deng KY, Chen K, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Yang H. Photosensitized 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes to Access β-Amino Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2024; 26:2108-2113. [PMID: 38440974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free photosensitized 1,2-imino-sulfamoylation of olefins by employing a tailor-made sulfamoyl carbamate as the difunctionalization reagent has been established. This protocol exhibits versatility across a broad substrate scope, including aryl and aliphatic alkenes, leading to the synthesis of diverse β-imino sulfonamides in moderate to good yields. This method is characterized by its metal-free reaction system, mild reaction conditions, excellent regioselectivity, and high atom economy, serving as a promising platform for the preparation of β-amino sulfonamide-containing molecules, particularly in the context of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., C Park of Jinxi Xiangliao Industry, Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
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8
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Dam D, Lagerweij NR, Janmaat KM, Kok K, Bouwman E, Codée JDC. Organic Dye-Sensitized Nitrene Generation: Intermolecular Aziridination of Unactivated Alkenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3251-3258. [PMID: 38358354 PMCID: PMC10913034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aziridines are important structural motifs and intermediates, and several synthetic strategies for the direct aziridination of alkenes have been introduced. However, many of these strategies require an excess of activated alkene, suffer from competing side-reactions, have limited functional group tolerance, or involve precious transition metal-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the direct aziridination of alkenes by combining sulfonyl azides as a triplet nitrene source with a catalytic amount of an organic dye functioning as photosensitizer. We show how the nature of the sulfonyl azide, in combination with the triplet-excited state energy of the photosensitizer, affects the aziridination yield and provide a mechanistic rationale to account for the observed dependence of the reaction yield on the nature of the organic dye and sulfonyl azide reagents. The optimized reaction conditions enable the aziridination of structurally diverse and complex alkenes, carrying various functional groups, with the alkene as the limiting reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Dam
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan R. Lagerweij
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina M. Janmaat
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Kok
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bouwman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit
Leiden, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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9
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Yuan PF, Huang XT, Long L, Huang T, Sun CL, Yu W, Wu LZ, Chen H, Liu Q. Regioselective Dearomative Amidoximation of Nonactivated Arenes Enabled by Photohomolytic Cleavage of N-nitrosamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317968. [PMID: 38179800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative spirocyclization reactions represent a promising means to convert arenes into three-dimensional architectures; however, controlling the regioselectivity of radical dearomatization with nonactivated arenes to afford the spirocyclizative 1,2-difunctionalization other than its kinetically preferred 1,4-difunctionalization is exceptionally challenging. Here we disclose a novel strategy for dearomative 1,2- or 1,4-amidoximation of (hetero)arenes enabled by direct visible-light-induced homolysis of N-NO bonds of nitrosamides, giving rise to various highly regioselective amidoximated spirocycles that previously have been inaccessible or required elaborate synthetic efforts. The mechanism and origins of the observed regioselectivities were investigated by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Feng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xie-Tian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linhong Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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10
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Dutta S, Erchinger JE, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Kleinmans R, Glorius F. Energy transfer photocatalysis: exciting modes of reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1068-1089. [PMID: 38168974 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excited (triplet) states offer a myriad of attractive synthetic pathways, including cycloadditions, selective homolytic bond cleavages and strain-release chemistry, isomerizations, deracemizations, or the fusion with metal catalysis. Recent years have seen enormous advantages in enabling these reactivity modes through visible-light-mediated triplet-triplet energy transfer catalysis (TTEnT). This tutorial review provides an overview of this emerging strategy for synthesizing sought-after organic motifs in a mild, selective, and sustainable manner. Building on the photophysical foundations of energy transfer, this review also discusses catalyst design, as well as the challenges and opportunities of energy transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Frank Glorius
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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11
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Okumatsu D, Kiyokawa K, Bao Nguyen LT, Abe M, Minakata S. Photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones for alkylamination of styrene derivatives with carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1068-1076. [PMID: 38239691 PMCID: PMC10793594 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06090j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The alkylamination of alkenes using pristine carboxylic acids was achieved by the photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones (DABXs), which serve as both an oxidant and an aminating reagent (an iminyl radical precursor). The developed method is a simple photochemical reaction without the need for external photosensitizers and shows a broad substrate scope for aliphatic carboxylic acids leading to the formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals, thus enabling the facile synthesis of various structurally complex amines. Mechanistic investigations including transient absorption spectroscopy measurements using a laser flash photolysis (LFP) method disclosed the unique photochemical reactivity of DABXs, which undergoes homolysis of their I-N bonds to give an iminyl radical and ortho-iodobenzoyloxy radical, the latter of which participates in the single-electron oxidation of carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Okumatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Linh Tran Bao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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12
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Paulus F, Stein C, Heusel C, Stoffels TJ, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Three-Component Photochemical 1,2,5-Trifunctionalizations of Alkenes toward Densely Functionalized Lynchpins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23814-23823. [PMID: 37852246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Radical remote 1,n-difunctionalization reactions (n > 2) of alkenes are powerful tools to efficiently introduce functional groups with selected distances into target molecules. Among these reactions, 1,5-difunctionalizations are an important subclass, leading to sought-after scaffolds, but typically suffer from tailored starting materials and strict limitations for the formed functional group in 2-position. Seeking to address these issues and to make radical 1,5-difunctionalizations of alkenes more applicable, we report a novel three-component 1,2,5-trifunctionalization reaction between imine-based bifunctional reagents and two distinct alkenes, driven by visible light energy transfer-catalysis. Key to achieving this selective one-step installation of three different functional groups via the choreographed formation of four bonds was the utilization of a 1,2-boron shift and the rigorous capitalization of radical polarities and stabilities. Thorough mechanistic studies were carried out, and the synthetic utility of the obtained products was demonstrated by various downstream modifications. Notably, in addition to the functionalization of individual functional groups, their interplay gave rise to a unique array of cyclic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Colin Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Heusel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias J Stoffels
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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Dey J, Banerjee N, Daw S, Guin J. Photochemical Oximesulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl-Oxime-Ethers as Bifunctional Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312384. [PMID: 37653722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of oxime ethers as bifunctional reagents remains unknown. Herein, we present a mechanistically distinct strategy that enables oximesulfonylation of olefins using sulfonyl-oxime-ethers as bifunctional reagents under metal-free photochemical conditions. Via concomitant C-S and C-C bond formation, the process permits incorporation of oxime and sulfonyl groups into olefins in a complete atom-economic fashion, providing rapid access to multi-functionalized β-sulfonyl oxime ethers with good yields and stereoselectivity. The method is amenable to functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is shown to be scalable. A radical chain mechanism initiated via photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mediated N-O bond cleavage is suggested for the process, based on our results on mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Swikriti Daw
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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14
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Yamamoto H, Yamaoka K, Shinohara A, Shibata K, Takao KI, Ogura A. Red-light-mediated Barton decarboxylation reaction and one-pot wavelength-selective transformations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11243-11250. [PMID: 37860659 PMCID: PMC10583705 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03643j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In organic chemistry, selecting mild conditions for transformations and saving energy are increasingly important for achieving sustainable development goals. Herein, we describe a red-light-mediated Barton decarboxylation using readily available red-light-emitting diodes as the energy source and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin as the catalyst, avoiding explosive or hazardous reagents or external heating. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction probably proceeds via Dexter energy transfer between the activated catalyst and the Barton ester. Furthermore, a one-pot wavelength-selective reaction within the visible light range is developed in combination with a blue-light-mediated photoredox reaction, demonstrating the compatibility of two photochemical transformations based on mechanistic differences. This one-pot process expands the limits of the decarboxylative Giese reaction beyond polarity matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ann Shinohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kouhei Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Akihiro Ogura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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15
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Zhang XX, Zheng H, Mei YK, Liu Y, Liu YY, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Photo-induced imino functionalizations of alkenes via intermolecular charge transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11170-11179. [PMID: 37860665 PMCID: PMC10583702 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free photosensitized strategy has been developed for regioselective imino functionalizations of alkenes via the formation of an EDA complex. This photo-induced protocol facilitates the construction of structurally diverse β-imino sulfones and vinyl sulfones in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction is initiated with an intermolecular charge transfer between oximes and sulfinates, followed by fragmentation to generate a persistent iminyl radical and transient sulfonyl radical. This catalyst-free protocol also features excellent regioselectivity, broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. The late stage functionalization of natural product derived compounds and total synthesis of some bioactive molecules have been demonstrated to highlight the utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, the compatibility of different donors has proved the generality of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Hao Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yong-Kang Mei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
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16
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Li SS, Jiang YS, Chen LN, Chen DN, Luo XL, Pan CX, Xia PJ. The Merger of Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT) and Energy Transfer Catalysis (EnT) for the Modular 1,2-Iminylalkylation of Diazenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7009-7013. [PMID: 37708359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The 1,2-iminylalkylation of diazenes using alkyl iodides in combination with an O-benzoyl oxime is reported. In this transformation, O-benzoyl oxime acted as a radical precursor and XAT mediator. In addition to common alkyl iodides, other alkyl iodides such as iodomethane, iodomethane-d3, trifluoroiodomethane, ethyl difluoroiodoacetate, and iodoalkanes containing unprotected hydroxyl and amide groups can also serve as C-radical precursors in the 1,2-iminylalkylation with electrophilic diazenes as radical acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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17
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Lopat'eva ER, Krylov IB, Paveliev SA, Emtsov DA, Kostyagina VA, Korlyukov AA, Terent'ev AO. Free Radicals in the Queue: Selective Successive Addition of Azide and N-Oxyl Radicals to Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13225-13235. [PMID: 37616501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The selective successive addition of azide (•N3) and N-oxyl radicals to alkenes is demonstrated, despite each of the two radicals being known to attack C═C bonds and the mixture of radical adducts possibly being expected. The proposed radical mechanism was supported by density functional theory calculations, electron paramagnetic resonance, and radical trapping experiments. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with the available reagents: NaN3, N-hydroxy compounds, and PhI(OAc)2 as the oxidant. The method can be applied for N-hydroxyimides, N-hydroxyamides, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, and oximes as N-oxyl radical precursors. Vinylarenes, aliphatic alkenes, and even electron-deficient methyl methacrylate were successfully functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Lopat'eva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A Emtsov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera A Kostyagina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Korlyukov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov strasse, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Jiang YS, Li SS, Luo XL, Chen LN, Chen DN, Xia PJ. Photoinduced Difunctionalization of Diazenes Enabled by N-N Radical Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:6671-6676. [PMID: 37642680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a metal-free difunctionalization strategy for diazenes was developed using a range of bifunctionalization reagents. This strategy involves a unique N(sp3)-N(sp2) radical coupling between the hydrazine radical and the imine radical. More than 30 triazane core motifs were constructed by installing imines and various functional groups, including alkyl, phenyl, cyanoalkyl, and sulfonyl groups, on both ends of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond of diazenes in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Na Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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19
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Luo XL, Huang MS, Li SS, Jiang YS, Chen LN, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Multicomponent 1, n-Carboimination with Alkyl Iodides and O-Benzoyl Oxime through EnT and XAT Processes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6407-6412. [PMID: 37607051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a strategy using commercially available alkyl iodides and O-benzoyl oxime to efficiently introduce alkyl and iminyl groups via energy transfer and halogen-atom transfer processes. We performed three-component 1,2-carboimination of olefins and four-component 1,4-carboimination across olefins and alkynes, resulting in the synthesis of over 60 nitrogen-containing molecules. Moreover, this transformation enables the synthesis of molecules with sensitive groups that were previously difficult to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Sha Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ning Chen
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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20
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Qi XK, Zheng MJ, Yang C, Zhao Y, Guo L, Xia W. Metal-Free Amino(hetero)arylation and Aminosulfonylation of Alkenes Enabled by Photoinduced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16630-16641. [PMID: 37486736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
β-(Hetero)arylethylamines are privileged structural motifs found in many high-value organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals and natural products. To construct these important molecular skeletons, previous methods are mainly achieved by amino(hetero)arylation reaction with the aid of transition metals and preactivated substrates. Herein, we report a metal-free and photoinduced intermolecular amino(hetero)arylation reaction for the single-step installation of both (hetero)aryl and iminyl groups across alkenes in an efficient and regioselective manner. This method shows broad scope (up to 124 examples) and excellent tolerance of various olefins─from the simplest ethylene to complex multisubstituted alkenes can all participate in the reaction. Furthermore, aminosulfonylation of alkenes can be also conducted in the presence of sodium bisulfite as the SO2 source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kuan Qi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zheng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
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21
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Sang JW, Du P, Xia D, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhang WD. EnT-Mediated Amino-Sulfonylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Sulfonamides: Access to β-Amino Sulfone Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301392. [PMID: 37218305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino sulfones are commonly found structural motifs in biologically active compounds. Herein, we report a direct photocatalyzed amino-sulfonylation reaction of alkenes for the efficicient production of important compounds by simple hydrolysis without the need for additional oxidants and reductants. In this transformation, the sulfonamides worked as bifunctional reagents, simultaneously generating sulfonyl radicals and N-centered radicals which were added to alkene in a highly atom-economical fashion with high regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. This approach showed high functional group tolerance and compatibility, facilitating the late-stage modification of some bioactive alkenes and sulfonamide molecules, thereby expanding the biologically relevant chemical space. Scaling up this reaction led to an efficient green synthesis of apremilast, one of the best-selling pharmceuticals, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the applied method. Moreover, mechanistic investigations suggest that an energy transfer (EnT) process was in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Sang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Peiyu Du
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Dingding Xia
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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22
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Chen X, Josephson B, Davis BG. Carbon-Centered Radicals in Protein Manipulation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:614-638. [PMID: 37122447 PMCID: PMC10141601 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods to directly post-translationally modify proteins are perhaps the most straightforward and operationally simple ways to create and study protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, precisely altering or constructing the C-C scaffolds pervasive throughout biology is difficult with common two-electron chemical approaches. Recently, there has been a surge of new methods that have utilized single electron/radical chemistry applied to site-specifically "edit" proteins that have started to create this potential-one that in principle could be near free-ranging. This review provides an overview of current methods that install such "edits", including those that generate function and/or PTMs, through radical C-C bond formation (as well as C-X bond formation via C• where illustrative). These exploit selectivity for either native residues, or preinstalled noncanonical protein side-chains with superior radical generating or accepting abilities. Particular focus will be on the radical generation approach (on-protein or off-protein, use of light and photocatalysts), judging the compatibility of conditions with proteins and cells, and novel chemical biology applications afforded by these methods. While there are still many technical hurdles, radical C-C bond formation on proteins is a promising and rapidly growing area in chemical biology with long-term potential for biological editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxiao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
- The
Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 OFA, U.K.
| | - Brian Josephson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
- The
Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 OFA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, U.K.
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23
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Wang L, Yu Y, Deng L, Du K. Photochemical and Atom-Economical Sulfonylimination of Alkenes with Bifunctional N-Sulfonyl Ketimine. Org Lett 2023; 25:2349-2354. [PMID: 36972414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
An organo-photocatalytic sulfonylimination of alkenes was developed by employing readily available N-sulfonyl ketimines as bifunctional reagents. This transformation, featuring prominent functional group tolerance, provides a direct and atom-economic approach for the synthesis of valuable β-amino sulfone derivatives as a single regioisomer. In addition to terminal alkenes, internal alkenes participate in this reaction with high diastereoselectivity. N-Sulfonyl ketimines with aryl or alkyl substituents were found to be compatible with this reaction condition. This method could be applied in the late-stage modifications of drugs. Additionally, a formal insertion of alkene into cyclic sulfonyl imine was observed, affording a ring expansion product.
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24
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Zhang M, Lin J, Song K, Chang K, Dai X, Zang Y, Zhu D. Iminyl-Radical-Mediated Formation of Covalent Au-N Bonds for Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6480-6485. [PMID: 36882381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between organic radicals and transition metals plays a crucial role in radical-mediated chemical reactions, functional devices, and biocatalysis. Characterizing such interactions, however, remains a long-standing challenge due to the inherently high reactivity of radical species. Here, using a scanning tunneling microscope breaking junction (STM-BJ) technique, we are able to detect the interaction mode between iminyl radicals and the gold surface at a single molecule level. We show that the free iminyl radicals generated through photochemical N-O bond homolysis of oxime esters react toward the gold electrode surface and produce covalent Au-N bonds. Intriguingly, we find that the Au-N bonding reactions lead to the formation of robust and highly conductive single-molecule junctions. These findings provide not only insights into the mechanism of iminyl-radical-involved reactions but also a facile photolysis method to create a new type of covalent electrode-molecule bonding contact for molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaili Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Zheng Y, Liao Z, Xie Z, Chen H, Chen K, Xiang H, Yang H. Photochemical Alkene Trifluoromethylimination Enabled by Trifluoromethylsulfonylamide as a Bifunctional Reagent. Org Lett 2023; 25:2129-2133. [PMID: 36943094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile and versatile trifluoromethylimination of alkene with a rationally designed N-(diphenylmethylene)-1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonamide as a bench-stable and readily accessible carboamination reagent. Enabled by an energy transfer (EnT) process, an array of alkenes were able to be facilely CF3-iminated under metal-free photocatalytic conditions. The mild reaction conditions and good functional group compatibility render this protocol highly valuable for the difunctionalization of olefins with structural complexity and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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26
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Luo XL, Li SS, Jiang YS, Liu F, Li SH, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic 1,2-Iminosulfonylation and Remote 1,6-Iminosulfonylation of Olefins. Org Lett 2023; 25:1742-1747. [PMID: 36883883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A new class of iminosulfonylation reagents were developed and extensively used in the 1,2-iminosulfonylation of various olefins. Olefins containing bioactive molecules, such as indomethacin, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, and fenbufen, afforded the desired iminosulfonylation products in synthetically useful yields. Furthermore, the first remote 1,6-iminosulfonylation of alkenes was realized by using oxime ester bifunctionalization reagents. Overall, more than 40 structurally diverse β-imine sulfones were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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27
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Yuan CP, Zheng Y, Xie ZZ, Deng KY, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Photosensitized Vicinal Sulfonylamination of Alkenes with Oxime Ester and DABCO·(SO 2) 2. Org Lett 2023; 25:1782-1786. [PMID: 36884012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free photosensitized three-component reaction of oxime esters, alkenes, and DABCO·(SO2)2 was developed. This protocol could accommodate a wide substrate scope, including activated and unactivated alkenes and aryl and aliphatic carboxylic acid oxime esters, delivering a broad range of β-amino sulfones in moderate to high yields. The insertion of SO2 as a linker moiety allows the manipulation of the functionality in the reaction process, expanding the utility of oxime esters as bifunctional reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.,Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
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28
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Li SS, Jiang YS, Luo XL, Pan CX, Xia PJ. Photoinduced Remote C(sp 3)-H Imination Enabled by Vinyl Radical-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2023; 25:1595-1599. [PMID: 36826423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A vinyl radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer strategy for remote C(sp3)-H imination under visible-light-induced photochemical metal-free conditions afforded diverse γ-imino alkenes with excellent stereoselectivity. Oxime ester-based bifunctional reagents provided not only nucleophilic alkyl radicals for radical addition reactions with electron-deficient alkynes but also long-lived steady-state imine radicals for trapping alkyl radicals following the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen migration of unstable olefin radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, People's Republic of China
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29
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Tan G, Paulus F, Petti A, Wiethoff MA, Lauer A, Daniliuc C, Glorius F. Metal-free photosensitized radical relay 1,4-carboimination across two distinct olefins. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2447-2454. [PMID: 36873844 PMCID: PMC9977457 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular carboamination of olefins offers a powerful platform for the rapid construction of structurally complex amines from abundant feedstocks. However, these reactions often require transition-metal catalysis, and are mainly limited to 1,2-carboamination. Herein, we report a novel radical relay 1,4-carboimination across two distinct olefins with alkyl carboxylic acid-derived bifunctional oxime esters via energy transfer catalysis. The reaction is highly chemo- and regioselective, and multiple C-C and C-N bonds were formed in a single orchestrated operation. This mild and metal-free method features a remarkably broad substrate scope with excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups, therefore providing easy access to structurally diverse 1,4-carboiminated products. Moreover, the obtained imines could be easily converted into valuable biologically relevant free γ-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alessia Petti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Maxim-Aleksa Wiethoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Anna Lauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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30
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Okumatsu D, Kawanaka K, Kainuma S, Kiyokawa K, Minakata S. α-Amination of Carbonyl Compounds by Using Hypervalent Iodine-Based Aminating Reagents Containing a Transferable (Diarylmethylene)amino Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203722. [PMID: 36604401 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine-based aminating reagents containing a transferable (diarylmethylene)amino group can be used for the α-amination of simple carbonyl compounds such as esters, amides, and ketones in the presence of a lithium base. The (diarylmethylene)amino groups of the products can be readily modified, thus providing access to primary amines and diarylmethylamines. The developed method features transition-metal-free conditions and a simple one-pot procedure without the need to prepare enolate equivalents separately, thus offering a general and practical approach to the synthesis of a wide variety of α-amino carbonyl compounds. Experimental mechanistic investigations indicate that this amination proceeds through a unique radical coupling of an α-carbonyl radical with an iminyl radical; they are generated through a single-electron transfer between a lithium enolate and the hypervalent iodine reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Okumatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunpei Kainuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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31
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Erchinger JE, Hoogesteger R, Laskar R, Dutta S, Hümpel C, Rana D, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. EnT-Mediated N-S Bond Homolysis of a Bifunctional Reagent Leading to Aliphatic Sulfonyl Fluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2364-2374. [PMID: 36652725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) gives rise to a plethora of high-valent sulfur linkages; however, the availability of (aliphatic) sulfonyl fluoride manifolds lag behind, owing to the limited sources of introducing the SO2F moiety via a classical two-electron approach. Recently, radical-based methodologies have emerged as a complementary strategy to increase the diversity of accessible click partners. In this work, synthesis of a bench-stable sulfamoyl fluoride reagent is presented, which may undergo sigma-bond homolysis upon visible-light-induced sensitization to form protected β-amino sulfonyl fluorides from alkene feedstocks. Notably, this offers an appealing strategy to access various building blocks for peptido sulfonyl fluorides, relevant in a medicinal chemistry context, as well as an intriguing entry to β-ammonium sulfonates and β-sultams, from alkenes. Densely functionalized 1,3-sultones were obtained by employing allyl alcohols as substrates. Surprisingly, allyl chloride-derived β-imino sulfonyl fluoride underwent S-O bond formation and ring closure to yield rigid cyclopropyl β-imino sulfonate ester under SuFEx conditions. Furthermore, by engaging a thiol-based hydrogen atom donor in the reaction, the reactivity of the same reagent can be tuned toward the direct synthesis of aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides. Mechanistic experiments indicate an energy transfer (EnT)-mediated process. The transient sulfonyl fluoride radical adds to the alkene and product formation occurs upon either radical-radical coupling or hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Reece Hoogesteger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ranjini Laskar
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carla Hümpel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Debanjan Rana
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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32
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Tan G, Paulus F, Rentería-Gómez Á, Lalisse RF, Daniliuc CG, Gutierrez O, Glorius F. Highly Selective Radical Relay 1,4-Oxyimination of Two Electronically Differentiated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21664-21673. [PMID: 36383483 PMCID: PMC10242452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radical addition reactions of olefins have emerged as an attractive tool for the rapid assembly of complex structures, and have plentiful applications in organic synthesis, however, such reactions are often limited to polymerization or 1,2-difunctionalization. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented radical relay 1,4-oxyimination of two electronically differentiated olefins with a class of bifunctional oxime carbonate reagents via an energy transfer strategy. The protocol is highly chemo- and regioselective, and three different chemical bonds (C-O, C-C, and C-N bonds) were formed in a single operation in an orchestrated manner. Notably, this reaction provides rapid access to a large variety of structurally diverse 1,4-oxyimination products, and the obtained products could be easily converted into valuable biologically relevant δ-hydroxyl-α-amino acids. With a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, the mechanism for this 1,4-oxyimination reaction has been investigated. Theoretical calculations reveal that a radical chain mechanism might operate in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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33
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Nguyen QH, Um TW, Shin S. α-Carbonyl Radicals from N-Enoxybenzotriazoles: De Novo Synthesis of 9-Phenanthrols. Org Lett 2022; 24:8337-8342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Um
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
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34
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Jiang YS, Liu F, Huang MS, Luo XL, Xia PJ. Photocatalytic Modular Cyanoalkylamination of Alkenes Involving Two Different Iminyl Radicals. Org Lett 2022; 24:8019-8024. [PMID: 36264241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modular cyanoalkylamination of alkenes using bench-stable and easy-to-handle α-imino-oxy acid oxime esters as difunctional reagents creates new synthetic avenues. A metal-free photosensitization protocol for the installation of both amino and cyanoalkyl functionalities onto alkene feedstocks in a single step via two differently reactive nitrogen-centered radicals was developed via energy-transfer catalysis. Excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions also render this protocol suitable for the cyanoalkylamination of pharmaceutically relevant molecule-derived alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Sha Huang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ling Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Ju Xia
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P. R. China
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35
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Wessig P, Badetko D, Koebe M. Triplet Sensitized Photo‐Dehydro‐Diels‐Alder Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Dominik Badetko
- Institut für Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Michael Koebe
- Institut für Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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36
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Ye Z, Tang K, Xie Z, Xiao J, Xiang H, Chen K, Chen X, Yang H. Regioselective Access to Vicinal Diamines by Metal‐Free Photosensitized Amidylimination of Alkenes with Oxime Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212292. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Zhu‐Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics Nanning Normal University Nanning 530001 Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 Henan P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
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37
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Cheng XY, Zhang YF, Wang JH, Gu QS, Li ZL, Liu XY. A Counterion/Ligand-Tuned Chemo- and Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Radical 1,2-Carboamination of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18081-18089. [PMID: 36153984 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular radical 1,2-carboamination of alkenes with readily accessible alkyl halides is an appealing strategy for producing chiral amine scaffolds. The challenge arises from the easily occurring atom transfer radical addition between alkyl halides and alkenes and the issue of enantiocontrol. We herein describe a radical alkene 1,2-carboamination with sulfoximines in a highly chemo- and enantioselective manner. The key to the success of this process is the conceptual design of a counterion/highly sterically demanded ligand coeffect to promote the ligand exchange of copper(I) with sulfoximines and forge chiral C-N bonds between alkyl radicals and the chiral copper(II) complex. The reaction covers alkenes bearing distinct electronic properties, such as aryl-, heteroaryl-, carbonyl-, and aminocarbonyl-substituted ones, and various radical precursors, including alkyl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and the CF3 source. Facile transformations deliver many chiral amine building blocks of interest in organic synthesis and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yan Cheng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia-Huan Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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38
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Exploiting photoredox catalysis for carbohydrate modification through C–H and C–C bond activation. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:782-805. [PMID: 37118094 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for accessing complex chemical structures through non-traditional bond disconnection strategies that proceed through free-radical intermediates. Such synthetic strategies have been used for a range of organic transformations; however, in carbohydrate chemistry they have primarily been applied to the generation of oxocarbenium ion intermediates in the ubiquitous glycosylation reaction. In this Review, we present more intricate light-induced synthetic strategies to modify native carbohydrates through homolytic C-H and C-C bond cleavage. These strategies allow access to glycans and glycoconjugates with profoundly altered carbohydrate skeletons, which are challenging to obtain through conventional synthetic means. Carbohydrate derivatives with such structural motifs represent a broad class of natural products integral to numerous biochemical processes and can be found in active pharmaceutical substances. Here we present progress made in C-H and C-C bond activation of carbohydrates through photoredox catalysis, focusing on the operational mechanisms and the scope of the described methodologies.
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39
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Zhao X, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zheng X, Liang J, Liang Q, Lin W. Metal-free photosensitized intermolecular carboimination of alkenes: a green and direct access to both β-amino acids and β-amino ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7593-7598. [PMID: 36128897 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Amino carbonyl substructures are privileged motifs in natural products and active pharmaceutical compounds. Here, we report a photoinduced metal-free and highly regioselective intermolecular carboimination method via the simultaneous introduction of amino and carbonyl groups into the CC double bond in one step, providing straightforward, green and general access to both β-amino acid and β-amino ketone motifs from readily available alkene feedstocks. The mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance and product diversity should make this a broadly applicable carboimination approach of very broad interest to organic and medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingda Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Cairong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Hengyue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jiayu Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Qianqian Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Weilong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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40
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Zheng Y, Wang ZJ, Ye ZP, Tang K, Xie ZZ, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Chen K, Chen XQ, Yang H. Regioselective Access to Vicinal Diamines by Metal‐Free Photosensitized Amidylimination of Alkenes with Oxime Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Tang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Nanning Normal University Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics CHINA
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Chen
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hua Yang
- Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering chang sha citylushan south road NO:932 410083 chang sha CHINA
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41
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Abstract
A radical shift toward energy transfer photocatalysis from electron transfer photocatalysis under visible-light photoirradiation is often due to the greener prospects of atom and process economy. Recent advances in energy transfer photocatalysis embrace unique strategies for direct small-molecule activation and sometimes extraordinary chemical bond formation in the absence of additional/sacrificial reagents. Selective energy transfer photocatalysis requires careful selection of substrates and photocatalysts for a perfect match with respect to their triplet energies while having incompatible redox potentials to prevent competitive electron transfer pathways. Substrates containing labile N-O bonds are potential targets for generating reactive key intermediates via photocatalysis to access a variety of functionalized molecules. Typically, the differential electron densities of N and O heteroatoms have been exploited for generation of either N- or O-centered radical intermediates from the functionalized substrates by the electron transfer pathway. However, the latest developments involve direct N-O bond homolysis via energy transfer to generate both N- and O-centered radicals for their subsequent utilization in diverse organic transformations, also in the absence of sacrificial redox reagents. In this Account, we highlight our key contributions in the field of N-O bond activation via energy transfer photocatalysis to generate reactive radical intermediates, with coverage of useful mechanistic insights. More specifically, well-designed N-O bond-containing substrates such as 1,2,4-oxadiazolines, oxime esters, N-indolyl carbonates, and N-enoxybenzotriazoles were successfully utilized in versatile transformations involving selective energy transfer over electron transfer from photocatalysts with high triplet state energy. Direct access to reactive N-, O-, and C-centered (if decarboxylation follows) radical intermediates was achieved for diverse cross-couplings and rearrangement processes. In particular, a variety of open-shell nitrogen reactive intermediates, including N(sp2) and N(sp3) radicals and nitrenes, have been utilized. Notably, diversified transformations of identical substrates have been achieved through careful control of the reaction conditions. 1,2,4-Oxadiazolines were converted into spiro-azolactams through iminyl intermediates in the presence of 1O2, benzimidazoles, or sulfoximines with external sulfoxide reagent through triplet nitrene intermediates under inert conditions. Besides, oxime esters underwent either intramolecular C(sp3)-N radical-radical coupling or intermolecular C(sp3)-N radical-radical coupling by a combined energy transfer-hydrogen atom transfer strategy. Furthermore, a series of electrochemical and photophysical experiments as well as computational studies were performed to substantiate the proposed selective energy-transfer-driven reaction pathways. We hope that this Account will serve as a guide for the rational design of selective energy transfer processes through the activation of further labile chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Seul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Vineet Kumar Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
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42
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Majhi J, Dhungana RK, Rentería-Gómez Á, Sharique M, Li L, Dong W, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Metal-Free Photochemical Imino-Alkylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Oxime Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15871-15878. [PMID: 35984388 PMCID: PMC10245625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concurrent installation of C-C and C-N bonds across alkene frameworks represents a powerful tool to prepare motifs that are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. To construct such prevalent bonds, most alkene difunctionalization methods demand the use of precious metals or activated alkenes. We report a metal-free, photochemically mediated imino-alkylation of electronically diverse alkenes to install both alkyl and iminyl groups in a highly efficient manner. The exceptionally mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and facile one-pot reaction protocol highlight the utility of this method to prepare privileged motifs from readily available alkene and acid feedstocks. One key and striking feature of this transformation is that an electrophilic trifluoromethyl radical is equally efficient with both electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes. Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) and empirical investigations provide detailed mechanistic insight into this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Weizhe Dong
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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43
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Bellotti P, Rogge T, Paulus F, Laskar R, Rendel N, Ma J, Houk KN, Glorius F. Visible-Light Photocatalyzed peri-(3 + 2) Cycloadditions of Quinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15662-15671. [PMID: 35984989 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cycloaddition reactions─epitomized by the Diels-Alder reaction─offer an arguably unmatched springboard for achieving chemical complexity, often with excellent selectivity, in a modular single step. We report the synthesis of aza-acenaphthenes in a single step by an unprecedented formal peri-(3 + 2) cycloaddition of simple quinolines with alkynes. A commercially available iridium complex exerts a dual role of photosensitizer and photoredox catalyst, fostering a cyclization/rearomatization cascade. The initial energy-transfer phase leads to the acenaphthene skeleton, while the ensuing redox shuttling step leads to aromatization. We applied this technology to 8-substituted quinolines and phenanthrolines, which smoothly reacted with both terminal and internal alkynes with excellent levels of regio- and diastereoselectivity. Density functional theory calculations revealed the intertwined EnT/SET nature of the process and offered guiding design principles for the synthesis of new aza-acenaphthenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Torben Rogge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ranjini Laskar
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Rendel
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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44
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Tan G, Das M, Keum H, Bellotti P, Daniliuc C, Glorius F. Photochemical single-step synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives from alkenes and (hetero)arenes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1174-1184. [PMID: 35915332 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01008-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β-Amino acids are frequently found as important components in numerous biologically active molecules, drugs and natural products. In particular, they are broadly utilized in the construction of bioactive peptides and peptidomimetics, thanks to their increased metabolic stability. Despite the number of methodologies established for the preparation of β-amino acid derivatives, the majority of these methods require metal-mediated multistep manipulations of prefunctionalized substrates. Here we disclose a metal-free, energy-transfer enabled highly regioselective intermolecular aminocarboxylation reaction for the single-step installation of both amine and ester functionalities into alkenes or (hetero)arenes. A bifunctional oxime oxalate ester was developed to simultaneously generate C-centred ester and N-centred iminyl radicals. This mild method features a remarkably broad substrate scope (up to 140 examples) and excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups, and substrates that range from the simplest ethylene to complex (hetero)arenes can participate in the reaction, thus offering a general and practical access to β-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyeyun Keum
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Münster, Germany.
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45
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Nguyen QH, Hwang HS, Cho EJ, Shin S. Energy Transfer Photolysis of N-Enoxybenzotriazoles into Benzotriazolyl and α-Carbonyl Radicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh H. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ho Seong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis (CNOS), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
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46
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Xu M, Cao W, Xu X, Ji S. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Radical Cyclization and N−N Bond Cleavage Relay of N‐Aminopyridinium Ylides for Access to 2,3‐Difunctionalized Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Bin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
| | - Shun‐Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Baolidi Functional Materials Research Institute Suzhou 215144 People's Republic of China
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47
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Du X, Zhen JS, Xu XH, Yuan H, Li YH, Zheng Y, Xue C, Luo Y. Hydrosulfonylation of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Imines via Ir/Cu Dual Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:3944-3949. [PMID: 35617159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamides exhibit the advantages of wide prevalence, excellent prefunctionalization capability, and broad functional group compatibility. We report here utilizing sulfonyl imines as sulfonyl radical precursors for hydrosulfonylation of activated alkenes via visible-light irradiation. By preinstallation of functional groups into the sulfonamides and subsequent hydrosulfonylation, a variety of complex sulfones were synthesized with good efficiency under Ir/Cu dual photoredox catalysis. Additionally, this protocol expands the research in late-stage N-S bond modification in sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jing-Song Zhen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Han Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yi-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yeqin Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Can Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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48
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Tilby MJ, Dewez DF, Pantaine LRE, Hall A, Martínez-Lamenca C, Willis MC. Photocatalytic Late-Stage Functionalization of Sulfonamides via Sulfonyl Radical Intermediates. ACS Catal 2022; 12:6060-6067. [PMID: 35633900 PMCID: PMC9127806 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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A plethora of drug
molecules and agrochemicals contain the sulfonamide
functional group. However, sulfonamides are seldom viewed as synthetically
useful functional groups. To confront this limitation, a late-stage
functionalization strategy is described, which allows sulfonamides
to be converted to pivotal sulfonyl radical intermediates. This methodology
exploits a metal-free photocatalytic approach to access radical chemistry,
which is harnessed by combining pharmaceutically relevant sulfonamides
with an assortment of alkene fragments. Additionally, the sulfinate
anion can be readily obtained, further broadening the options for
sulfonamide functionalization. Mechanistic studies suggest that energy-transfer
catalysis (EnT) is in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Tilby
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Damien F. Dewez
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Adrian Hall
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, 1420 Braine-l’Alleud, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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49
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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50
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Chen ZD, Zhou X, Yi JT, Diao HJ, Chen QL, Lu G, Weng J. Catalytic Decarboxylative Fluorosulfonylation Enabled by Energy-Transfer-Mediated Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:2474-2478. [PMID: 35263111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonyl fluorides are useful building blocks in a wide array of fields. Herein, we report a catalytic decarboxylative fluorosulfonylation approach for converting abundant aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding sulfonyl fluorides. This transformation is enabled by simple preactivation as aldoxime esters and energy-transfer-mediated photocatalysis. This operationally simple method proceeds with high functional-group tolerance under mild and redox-neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Da Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Tao Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Diao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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