1
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Kaplan JA, Won J, Blum SA. Thioarylation of Alkynes to Generate Dihydrothiopheniums through Gold(I)/(III)-Catalyzed Cyclization-Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39276336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
A thioarylation method is developed for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrothiopheniums through an electrophilic-cyclization-cross-coupling mechanism, harnessing the gold(I)/(III) cycle of the recently developed MeDalPhosAuCl catalyst. Single-crystal X-ray crystal structural analysis of the dihydrothiophenium products characterized the antiaddition of the sulfur and Csp2 group to the alkyne and a preference for 5-endo dig cyclization. The dihydrothiophenium products are demonstrated as synthetic building blocks for stereodefined acyclic tetrasubstituted alkenes upon ring-opening reaction with amines. Intramolecular competition experiments show the favorability of Csp3 tether cyclizations over Csp2 tethers, preferentially generating dihydrothiopheniums over thiopheniums. Intermolecular competition experiments of alkyne aryl groups and an intermolecular aryl iodide competition suggest a rate-determining reductive elimination step in the gold(I)/gold(III) catalytic cycle. This rate-determining step is further supported by HRMS analysis of reaction intermediates that identify the catalyst resting state under turnover conditions. Catalyst poisoning experiments provide evidence of substrate inhibition, further consistent with these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jonghyun Won
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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2
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Sharma A, Govande V, Mahajan S, Sawant SD. 2,3-Difunctionalization of quinones: a gold-catalyzed cascade approach for trifluoromethyl-amination or sulfoximination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9598-9601. [PMID: 39143950 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01891e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
A one-pot domino protocol employing gold(I) catalysis has been developed for the cascade trifluoromethyl-amination/sulfoximination of quinones. Togni I serves as the trifluoromethyl installing precursor, while amine or sulfoximine serves as the aminating source. Preliminary investigations suggest a mutual activation of Togni I and the amine precursor, facilitating the facile difunctionalization of quinones with excellent regioselectivity. Extensive substrate scope exploration demonstrates moderate to good yields of difunctionalized products. Application to the natural product Juglone highlights its potential for late-stage modifications in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpa Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vijaya Govande
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Shivangani Mahajan
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
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3
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Wu J, Du W, Zhang L, Li G, Yang R, Xia Z. Photosensitized Reductive Elimination of Gold(III) to Enable Esterification of Aryl Iodides with Carboxylic Acids. JACS AU 2024; 4:3084-3093. [PMID: 39211587 PMCID: PMC11350571 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Compared to the well-established transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, Au(I)/Au(III)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have lagged behind. Despite some advancements, achieving gold-catalyzed C-O coupling with carboxylic acids via an Au(III) carboxylate intermediate remains challenging due to the thermal unfavorability of the critical reductive elimination step. Here, we present the first photosensitized reductive elimination of gold(III) to enable esterification of aryl iodides with carboxylic acids. In the presence of a (P, N)-gold(I) catalyst and a photosensitizer benzophenone under blue LED irradiation, esterification derivatives were obtained from aryl iodides with both aryl and alkyl (1°, 2°, 3°) carboxylic acids. Mechanistic and modeling studies support that energy transfer (EnT) from a photosensitizer produces an excited-state gold(III) complex that couples aryl iodides with carboxylic acids. This photoinduced energy-transfer strategy has been applied in several other photosensitized gold catalysis reactions, indicating its potential for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wu
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenqian Du
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gang Li
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Xia
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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4
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Paroi B, Pegu C, Mane MV, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed Arylative Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406936. [PMID: 38769939 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cope rearrangements have garnered significant attention owing to their ability to undergo structural reorganization in stereoselective manner. While substantial advances have been achieved over decades, these rearrangements remained applicable exclusively to parent 1,5-hexadienes. Herein, we disclose the gold-catalyzed arylative Cope rearrangement of 1,6-heptadienes via a cyclization-induced [3,3]-rearrangement employing ligand-enabled gold redox catalysis. Detailed mechanistic investigations including several control experiments, cross-over experiment, HRMS analysis, 31P NMR and DFT studies have been performed to underpin the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Chayanika Pegu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Science, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka-, 562112, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
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5
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Díaz-Salazar H, Osorio-Ocampo G, Porcel S. Straightforward Access to Isoindoles and 1,2-Dihydrophthalazines Enabled by a Gold-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10163-10174. [PMID: 38989839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
We describe herein a gold-catalyzed three-component reaction of o-alkynylbenzaldehydes, aryldiazonium salts, and trimethoxybenzene. This process enables the one-pot formation of valuable isoindoles and 1,2-dihydrophathalazines. The regioselectivity of the reaction is dictated by the nature of the aryldiazonium salt. Noticeably, the reaction is performed at room temperature under mild conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups on both the o-alkynylbenzaldehyde and the aryldiazonium salt. Experimental mechanistic studies suggest that it is catalyzed by arylAu(III) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Díaz-Salazar
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Gabriel Osorio-Ocampo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Susana Porcel
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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6
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Guo SY, Liu YP, Huang JS, He LB, He GC, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Visible light-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6102. [PMID: 39030211 PMCID: PMC11271625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved as a powerful technique to enable controllable radical reactions. Exploring unique photocatalytic mode for obtaining new chemoselectivity and product diversity is of great significance. Herein, we present a photo-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of unactivated alkenes utilizing halopyridines and quinolines. The ring-fused azaarenes serve as not only substrate, but also potential precursors for halogen-atom abstraction for pyridyl radical generation in this photocatalysis. As a complement to metal catalysis, this photo-induced radical process with mild and redox neutral conditions assembles two different heteroaryl groups into alkenes regioselectively and contribute to broad substrates scope. The obtained products containing aza-arene units permit various further diversifications, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this protocol. We anticipate that this protocol will trigger the further advancement of photo-induced alkyl/aryl halides activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Peng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Song Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Bowen He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gu-Cheng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Font P, Valdés H, Ribas X. Consolidation of the Oxidant-Free Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis Enabled by the Hemilabile Ligand Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405824. [PMID: 38687322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this minireview we survey the challenges and strategies in gold redox catalysis. Gold's reluctance to oxidative addition reactions due to its high redox potential limits its applicability. Initial attempts to overcome this problem focused on the use of sacrificial external oxidants in stoichiometric amounts to bring Au(I) compounds to Au(III) reactive species. Recently, innovative approaches focused on employing hemilabile ligands, which are capable of coordinating to Au(I) and stabilizing square-planar Au(III) intermediates, thus facilitating oxidative addition steps and enabling oxidant-free catalysis. Notable examples include the use of the (P^N) bidendate MeDalphos ligand to achieve various cross-coupling reactions via oxidative addition Au(I)/Au(III). Importantly, hemilabile ligand-enabled catalysis allows merging oxidative addition with π-activation, such as oxy- and aminoarylation of alkenols and alkenamines using organohalides, expanding gold's versatility in C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations and unprecedented cyclizations. Moreover, recent advancements in enantioselective catalysis using chiral hemilabile (P^N) ligands are also surveyed. Strikingly, versatile bidentate (C^N) hemilabile ligands as competitors of MeDalphos have appeared recently, by designing scaffolds where phosphine groups are substituted by N-heterocyclic or mesoionic carbenes. Overall, these approaches highlight the evolving landscape of gold redox catalysis and its tremendous potential in a broad scope of transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Font
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona, E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hugo Valdés
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona, E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
- Current address: Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona, E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
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8
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Martín J, Schörgenhumer J, Biedrzycki M, Nevado C. (P^N^C) Ligands to Stabilize Gold(III): A Straightforward Access to Hydroxo, Formate, and Hydride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8390-8396. [PMID: 38657169 PMCID: PMC11080065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of (P^N^C) pincer ligands capable of stabilizing elusive gold(III) species is reported here. Straightforward access to (P^N^C)gold(III) hydroxo, formate, and hydride complexes has been streamlined by first incorporating a cycloauration step devoid of toxic metals or harsh conditions. The resulting gold complexes exhibit remarkable stability in solution as well as in the solid state under ambient conditions, which enabled their characterization by X-ray diffraction analyses. Interestingly, the influence of the ligand allowed the preparation of gold(III)-hydrides using mild hydride donors such as H-Bpin, which contrasts with sensitive super hydrides or strong acids and cryogenic conditions employed in previous protocols. A detailed bonding characterization of these species is complemented by reactivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Schörgenhumer
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michał Biedrzycki
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH 8057, Switzerland
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9
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Du W, Zhao F, Yang R, Xia Z. Gold-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:3145-3150. [PMID: 38551489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp2) Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction facilitated by ligand-enabled Au(I)/Au(III) redox catalysis was developed. The cross-coupling of alkyl organometallics was first realized in the redox catalytic cycle in gold chemistry, without the use of external oxidants. This gold-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp2) coupling reaction allows a variety of alkyl chain and useful methyl trifluoroborates to react with aryl and vinyl iodides under very mild conditions, which provides a new reactivity pattern for challenging couplings with alkyl organometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Xia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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10
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Muratov K, Zaripov E, Berezovski MV, Gagosz F. DFT-Enabled Development of Hemilabile (P ∧N) Ligands for Gold(I/III) RedOx Catalysis: Application to the Thiotosylation of Aryl Iodides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3660-3674. [PMID: 38315643 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-enabled oxidative addition of Csp2-X bonds to Au(I) centers has recently appeared as a valuable strategy for the development of catalytic RedOx processes. Several cross-coupling reactions that were previously considered difficult to achieve were reported lately, thus expanding the synthetic potential of gold(I) complexes beyond the traditional nucleophilic functionalization of π-systems. MeDalPhos has played an important role in this development and, despite several studies on alternative structures, remains, so far, the only general ligand for such process. We report herein the discovery and DFT-enabled structural optimization of a new family of hemilabile (P∧N) ligands that can promote the oxidative addition of aryl iodides to gold(I). These flexible ligands, which possess a common 2-methylamino heteroaromatic N-donor motif, are structurally and electronically tunable, beyond being easily accessible and affordable. The corresponding Au(I) complexes were shown to outperform the reactivity of (MeDalPhos)Au(I) in a series of alkoxy- and amidoarylations of alkenes. Their synthetic potential and comparatively higher reactivity were further highlighted in the thiotosylation of aryl iodides, a challenging unreported C-S cross-coupling reaction that could not be achieved under classical Pd(0/II) catalysis and that allows for general and divergent access to aryl sulfur derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Muratov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Emil Zaripov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maxim V Berezovski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
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11
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Zhang S, Wei J, Ye X, Perez A, Shi X. Accessing gold p-acid reactivity under electrochemical anode oxidation (EAO) through oxidation relay. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8265. [PMID: 38092735 PMCID: PMC10719393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold π-acid activation under electrochemical conditions is achieved. While EAO allows easy access to gold(III) intermediates over alternative chemical oxidation under mild conditions, the reported examples so far are limited to coupling reactions due to the rapid AuIII reductive elimination. Using aryl hydrazine-HOTf salt as precursors, the π-activation reaction mode was realized through oxidation relay. Both alkene and alkyne di-functionalization were achieved with excellent functional group compatibility and regioselectivity, which extended the versatility and utility of electrochemical gold redox chemistry for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jingwen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Angel Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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12
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Xia S, Li W, Chen H, Zhu C, Han J, Xie J. Gold-Manganese Bimetallic Redox Coupling with Light. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38039269 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The classical Au(I)/Au(III) redox couple chemistry has been limited to constructing C-C and C-X bonds, and thus, the exploration of the elementary reaction of gold redox coupling is very significant to enrich its organometallic features. Herein, we report the first visible-light-mediated, external oxidant-free Au(I)/Au(III) redox couple using commercially available Mn2(CO)10 to generate Mn-Au(III)-Mn intermediates for bimetallic redox coupling. A wide range of structurally diverse heterodinuclear and polynuclear L-Au(I)-Mn-L' complexes (19 examples, up to >99% yields) are readily constructed, providing a robust strategy for the concise construction of Au-Mn complexes under mild reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies together with DFT calculations support the radical oxidative addition of •Mn(CO)5 to gold and bimetallic reductive elimination mechanisms from highly active Mn-Au(III)-Mn species, representing an important step toward an elementary reaction in gold chemistry research. Furthermore, the resulting Au-Mn complexes exhibit unique catalytic activity, with which divergent reductive coupling of nitroarenes can readily afford azoxybenzenes, azobenzenes, and hydrazobenzenes in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Liu DY, Han J, Liu K, Cheng Y, Tan H, Yang X, Li W, Xie J. Dinuclear Gold-Catalyzed para-Selective C-H Arylation of Undirected Arenes by Noncovalent Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313122. [PMID: 37707123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The regioselectivity of C-H functionalization is commonly achieved by directing groups, electronic factors, or steric hindrance, which facilitate the identification of reaction sites. However, such strategies are less effective for reactants such as simple monofluoroarenes due to their relatively low reactivity and the modest steric demands of the fluorine atom. Herein, we present an undirected gold-catalyzed para-C-H arylation of a wide array of monofluoroarenes using air-stable aryl silanes and germanes at room temperature. A high para-regioselectivity (up to 98 : 2) can be realized by utilizing a dinuclear dppm(AuOTs)2 (dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) as the catalyst and hexafluorobenzene as the solvent. This provides a general and practical protocol for the concise construction of structurally diverse para-arylated monofluoroarenes through C-H activation manner. It features excellent functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope (>80 examples). Besides, this strategy is also robust for other simple monosubstituted arenes and heteroarenes. Our mechanistic studies and theoretical calculations suggest that para-C-H selectivity arises from highly electrophilic and structurally flexible dinuclear Ar-Au(III)-Au(I) species, coupled with noncovalent interaction induced by hexafluorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaohang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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14
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Sancheti SP, Singh Y, Mane MV, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkynes with Organohalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310493. [PMID: 37649285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first gold-catalyzed 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkynes using organohalides as non-prefunctionalized coupling partners. The mechanism of the reaction involves an oxidative addition/π-activation mechanism in contrast to the migratory insertion/cis-trans isomerization pathway that is predominantly observed with other transition metals yielding products with anti-selectivity. Mechanistic insights include several control experiments, NMR studies, HR-MSMS analyses, and DFT calculations that strongly support the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank P Sancheti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yukta Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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15
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Kumar A, Shukla K, Ahsan S, Paul A, Patil NT. Electrochemical Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Difunctionalization of C-C Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308636. [PMID: 37491811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the first report of 1,2-difunctionalization of C-C multiple bonds using electrochemical gold redox catalysis. By adopting the electrochemical strategy, the inherent π-activation and cross-coupling reactivity of gold catalysis are harnessed to develop the oxy-alkynylation of allenoates under external-oxidant-free conditions. Detailed mechanistic investigations such as 31 P NMR, control experiments, mass studies, and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis have been performed to support the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Khyati Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Salman Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Amit Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
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16
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Fang QY, Han J, Qin M, Li W, Zhu C, Xie J. Trinuclear Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305121. [PMID: 37170888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated alkyl halides have been extensively explored to generate alkyl radicals with Ru- and Ir- photocatalysts for 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes, but unactivated alkyl bromides remain challenging substrates due to their strong reduction potential. Here we report a three-component 1,2-difunctionalization reaction of alkenes, unactivated alkyl bromides and nucleophiles (e.g., amines and indoles) using a trinuclear gold catalyst [Au3 (tppm)2 ](OTf)3 . It can achieve the 1,2-aminoalkylation and 1,2-alkylarylation readily. This protocol has a broad reaction scope and excellent functional group compatibility (>100 examples with up to 96 % yield). It also affords a robust formal [2+2+1] cyclization strategy for the concise construction of pyrrolidine skeletons under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies support an inner-sphere single electron transfer pathway for the successful cleavage of inert C-Br bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingzhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
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17
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Shi X, Zhang S, Wei J, Ye X, Perez A. Accessing Gold π-Acid Reactivity under Electrochemical Anode Oxidation (EAO) through Oxidation Relay. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3088453. [PMID: 37461542 PMCID: PMC10350213 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088453/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The gold π-acid activation under electrochemical condition is achieved for the first time. While EAO allowing easy access to gold(III) intermediates over alternative chemical oxidation under mild conditions, the reported examples so far limited to coupling reactions due to the rapid AuIII reductive elimination. Using aryl hydrazine-HOTf salt as precursors, the π-activation reaction mode was realized through oxidation relay. Both alkene and alkyne di-functionalization were achieved with excellent functional group compatibility and regioselectivity, which extended the versatility and utility of electrochemical gold redox chemistry for future applications to come.
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18
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Li W, Chen Y, Chen Y, Xia S, Chang W, Zhu C, Houk KN, Liang Y, Xie J. Site-Selective Arylation of Carboxamides from Unprotected Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37377433 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The amidated peptides are an important class of biologically active compounds due to their unique biological properties and wide applications as potential peptide drugs and biomarkers. Despite the abundance of free amide motifs (Asn, Gln, and C-terminal amide) in native peptides, late-stage modification of the amide unit in naturally occurring peptides remains very rare because of the intrinsically weak nucleophilicity of amides and the interference of multiple competing nucleophilic residues, which generally lead to undesired side reactions. Herein, chemoselective arylation of amides in unprotected polypeptides has been developed under an air atmosphere to afford the N-aryl amide peptides bearing various functional motifs. Its success relies on the combination of gold catalysis and silver salt to differentiate the relative inert amide among a collection of reactive nucleophilic amino acid residues (e.g., -NH2, -OH, and -COOH), favoring the C-N bond coupling toward amides over other more nucleophilic groups. Experimental and DFT studies reveal a crucial role of the silver cation, which serves as a transient coordination mask of the more reactive reaction sites, overcoming the inherently low reactivity of amides. The excellent biocompatibility of this strategy has been applied to functionalize a wide range of peptide drugs and complex peptides. The application could be further extended to peptide labeling and peptide stapling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinghan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenju Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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19
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Fang S, Han J, Zhu C, Li W, Xie J. Gold-catalyzed four-component multifunctionalization of alkynes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3551. [PMID: 37322071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkyne unit is a versatile building block in organic synthesis and the development of selective multifunctionalization of alkynes is an important object of research in this field. Herein, we report an interesting gold-catalyzed, four-component reaction that achieves the oxo-arylfluorination or oxo-arylalkenylation of internal aromatic or aliphatic alkynes, efficiently breaking a carbon-carbon triple bond and forming four new chemical bonds. The reaction divergence can be controlled by site-directing functional groups in the alkynes; the presence of a phosphonate unit favors the oxo-arylfluorination, while the carboxylate motif benefits oxo-arylalkenylation. This reaction is enabled by an Au(I)/Au(III) redox coupling process using Selectfluor as both an oxidant and a fluorinating reagent. A wide range of structurally diverse α,α-disubstituted ketones, and tri- or tetra-substituted unsaturated ketones have been prepared in synthetically valuable yields and with excellent chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. The gram-scale preparation and late-stage application of complex alkynes have further enhanced their synthetic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, 830017, Urumqi, China.
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20
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Scott SC, Cadge JA, Boden GK, Bower JF, Russell CA. A Hemilabile NHC-Gold Complex and its Application to the Redox Neutral 1,2-Oxyarylation of Feedstock Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301526. [PMID: 36995930 PMCID: PMC10962591 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a AuI complex of a hemi-labile (C^N) N-heterocyclic carbene ligand that is able to mediate oxidative addition of aryl iodides. Detailed computational and experimental investigations have been undertaken to verify and rationalize the oxidative addition process. Application of this initiation mode has resulted in the first examples of "exogenous oxidant-free" AuI /AuIII catalyzed 1,2-oxyarylations of ethylene and propylene. These demanding yet powerful processes establish these commodity chemicals as nucleophilic-electrophilic building blocks in catalytic reaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Scott
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Jamie A. Cadge
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Grace K. Boden
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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21
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Yu W, Wang S, He M, Jiang Z, Yu Y, Lan J, Luo J, Wang P, Qi X, Wang T, Lei A. Electroreduction Enables Regioselective 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes with Two Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202219166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Meng He
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Jinping Lan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Jin Luo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi P. R. China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
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22
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Gao P, Xu J, Zhou T, Liu Y, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Zhang D, Szostak M. L-Shaped Heterobidentate Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene (N,C)-Ligands for Oxidant-Free Au I /Au III Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218427. [PMID: 36696514 PMCID: PMC9992098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, major advances have been made in homogeneous gold catalysis. However, AuI /AuIII catalytic cycle remains much less explored due to the reluctance of AuI to undergo oxidative addition and the stability of the AuIII intermediate. Herein, we report activation of aryl halides at gold(I) enabled by NHC (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands through the development of a new class of L-shaped heterobidentate ImPy (ImPy=imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene) N,C ligands that feature hemilabile character of the amino group in combination with strong σ-donation of the carbene center in a rigid conformation, imposed by the ligand architecture. Detailed characterization and control studies reveal key ligand features for AuI /AuIII redox cycle, wherein the hemilabile nitrogen is placed at the coordinating position of a rigid framework. Given the tremendous significance of homogeneous gold catalysis, we anticipate that this ligand platform will find widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Jihong Xu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China)
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China)
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052 (Poland)
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373 (Poland)
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383 (Poland)
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China)
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
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23
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Das A, Patil NT. Ligand-Enabled Gold-Catalyzed C(sp 2)–O Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
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24
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Yu W, Wang S, He M, Jiang Z, Yu Y, Lan J, Luo J, Wang P, Qi X, Wang T, Lei A. Electroreduction Enables Regioselective 1,2-Diarylation of Alkenes with Two Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219166. [PMID: 36826413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Precisely introducing two similar functional groups into bulk chemical alkenes represents a formidable route to complex molecules. Especially, the selective activation of two electrophiles is in crucial demand, yet challenging for cross-electrophile-coupling. Herein, we demonstrate a redox-mediated electrolysis, in which aryl nitriles are both aryl radical precursors and redox-mediators, enables an intermolecular alkene 1,2-diarylation with a remarkable regioselectivity, thereby avoiding the involvement of transition-metal catalysts. This transformation utilizes cyanoarene radical anions for activating various aryl halides (including iodides, bromides, and even chlorides) and affords 1,2-diarylation adducts in up to 83 % yield and >20 : 1 regioselectivity with more than 80 examples, providing a feasible approach to complex bibenzyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Meng He
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Lan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jin Luo
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China.,The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
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25
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McCallum T. Heart of gold: enabling ligands for oxidative addition of haloorganics in Au(I)/Au(III) catalysed cross-coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1629-1646. [PMID: 36727215 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of Au-catalysis has been an area rich with new discoveries due to the unique properties of the lustrous element. In the past decade, developments in Au(I)/Au(III) cross-coupling methodology have been made possible with the use of external oxidants that facilitate the challenging oxidation of Au(I) to Au(III) in a stable and catalytically competent fashion. Until recently, Au-chemistry was not known to undergo catalytic transformations that feature oxidative addition of haloarenes like those that were made famous by transition metals such as Pd and Ni. The discovery that ligand modification could facilitate the oxidative addition of Au(I) with haloorganics to provide Au(III) intermediates that are competent in other areas of catalysis (i.e. Lewis acid catalysis) has revolutionized this field and has led to the invention of new cross-coupling methodology. The recent advances at the leading edge in the emerging field of Au(I)/Au(III) catalysis under redox-neutral conditions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry McCallum
- The Canadian Bank Note Company, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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26
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Zhang Y, Ren D. Mechanisms for Catalytic CO Oxidation on SiAu n ( n = 1-5) Cluster. Molecules 2023; 28:1917. [PMID: 36838905 PMCID: PMC9962203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in understanding the reactivity and catalytic activity of gas-phase and loaded gold clusters for CO oxidation. However, little research has focused on mixed silicon/gold clusters (SiAun) for CO oxidation. In the present work, we performed density function theory (DFT) calculations for a SiAun (n = 1-5) cluster at the CAM-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ-PP level and investigated the effects on the reactivity and catalytic activity of the SiAun cluster for CO oxidation. The calculated results show that the effect is very low for the activation barriers for the formation of OOCO intermediates on SiAu clusters, SiAu3 clusters, and SiAu5 clusters in the catalytic oxidation of CO and the activation energy barriers for the formation of OCO intermediates on OSiAu3, OSiAu4, and OSiAu5. Our calculations show that, compared with the conventional small Au cluster, the incorporation of Si enhances the catalytic performance towards CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dasen Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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27
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Wang K, Bao X. Computational Understanding of Dual Gold and Photoredox-Catalyzed Regioselective Thiosulfonylation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1107-1112. [PMID: 36604340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a computational work was carried out to gain mechanistic insights into dual gold and photoredox-catalyzed regioselective thiosulfonylation of alkenes with PhSO2SCF3. Computational results suggest that it is more favorable for the complex of Au(I) with PhSO2SCF3 (INT1), instead of an Au(I) catalyst or individual substrates, to quench the excited *[Ru]II photocatalyst in a single-electron oxidative manner to afford [Ru]III. The complexation of the Au(I) catalyst with PhSO2SCF3 could lead to a substantially lowered energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, which may be mainly responsible for the feasibility of INT1 in quenching the excited photocatalyst. The resultant single-electron reduced complex, subsequently, is ready to undergo a S-S bond cleavage to form an Au(I)-SCF3 species and a benzenesulfonyl radical. Next, the yielded Au(I)-SCF3 species could undergo single-electron oxidation by [Ru]III to afford an Au(II) intermediate. Subsequently, the binding with an alkyl radical for the formed Au(II) species could occur to further convert to an Au(III) species, from which the final product can be furnished by a reductive elimination step and the Au(I) catalyst is regenerated. Thus, an Au(I)/Au(II)/Au(III)/Au(I) catalytic cycle is suggested to mainly account for the regioselective thiosulfonylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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28
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Tathe AG, Saswade SS, Patil NT. Gold-catalyzed multicomponent reactions. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as an important branch in organic synthesis for the creation of complex molecular structures. This review is focused on gold-catalyzed MCRs with a special emphasis on the recent developments.
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29
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Ji CL, Han J, Li T, Zhao CG, Zhu C, Xie J. Photoinduced gold-catalyzed divergent dechloroalkylation of gem-dichloroalkanes. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Rigoulet M, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Mechanistic Insights about the Ligand-Enabled Oxy-arylation/vinylation of Alkenes via Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202110. [PMID: 35876716 PMCID: PMC9805180 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of oxy-arylation/vinylation of alkenes catalyzed by the (MeDalphos)AuCl complex was comprehensively investigated by DFT. (P,N)Au(Ph)2+ and (P,N)Au(vinyl)2+ are key intermediates accounting for the activation of the alkenols and for their cyclization by outer-sphere nucleophilic attack of oxygen. The 5-exo and 6-endo paths have been computed and compared, reproducing the peculiar regioselectivity difference observed experimentally between 4-penten-1-ol, (E) and (Z)-4-hexen-1-ols. Examining the way the alkenol coordinates to gold (more η2 or η1 ) can offer, in some cases, a simple way to predict the favored path of cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Rigoulet
- CNRS/Université Paul SabatierUPS Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA UMR 5069)118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourE2S-UPPAInstitut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254)Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot64053Pau Cedex 09France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS/Université Paul SabatierUPS Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA UMR 5069)118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
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31
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Mandal D, Kumar A, Patil NT. Gold catalysis in organic synthesis: fifteen years of research in India. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Mishra S, Urvashi, Patil NT. Chiral Ligands for Au(I), Au(III), and Au(I)/Au(III) Redox Catalysis. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampoorna Mishra
- Sampoorna Mishra Urvashi and Nitin T. Patil Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri Bhopal 462 066 India
| | - Urvashi
- Sampoorna Mishra Urvashi and Nitin T. Patil Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri Bhopal 462 066 India
| | - Nitin T. Patil
- Sampoorna Mishra Urvashi and Nitin T. Patil Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri Bhopal 462 066 India
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33
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Abstract
Herein we report C(sp2)-S cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodides and arylsulfonyl hydrazides under ligand-enabled, Au(I)/Au(III) redox catalysis. This strategy operates under mild reaction conditions, requires no prefunctionalized aryl coupling partner, and works across several aryl iodides. The utility of this protocol is highlighted through the synthesis of various medicinally relevant biaryl sulfones. The reaction mechanism is supported with control experiments, mass spectrometry, and NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash G Tathe
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
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34
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Ye X, Wang C, Zhang S, Tang Q, Wojtas L, Li M, Shi X. Chiral Hemilabile P,N-Ligand-Assisted Gold Redox Catalysis for Enantioselective Alkene Aminoarylation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201018. [PMID: 35420241 PMCID: PMC9254727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective, intermolecular alkene arylamination was achieved through gold redox catalysis. Screening of ligands revealed chiral P,N ligands as the optimal choice, giving alkene aminoarylation with good yields (up to 80 %) and excellent stereoselectivity (up to 99 : 1 er). As the first example of enantioselective gold redox catalysis, this work confirmed the feasibility of applying a chiral ligand at the gold(I) stage, with the stereodetermining step (SDS) at the gold(III) intermediate, thus opening up a new way to conduct gold redox catalysis with stereochemistry control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Chenhuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology(MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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35
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Chintawar CC, Bhoyare VW, Mane MV, Patil NT. Enantioselective Au(I)/Au(III) Redox Catalysis Enabled by Chiral (P,N)-Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7089-7095. [PMID: 35436097 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is the first report of enantioselective Au(I)/Au(III) redox catalysis, enabled by a newly designed hemilabile chiral (P,N)-ligand (ChetPhos). The potential of this concept has been demonstrated by the development of enantioselective 1,2-oxyarylation and 1,2-aminoarylation of alkenes which provided direct access to the medicinally relevant 3-oxy- and 3-aminochromans (up to 88% yield and 99% ee). DFT studies were carried out to unravel the enantiodetermining step, which revealed that the stronger trans influence of phosphorus allows selective positioning of the substrate in the C2-symmetric chiral environment present around nitrogen, imparting a high level of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan C Chintawar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Vivek W Bhoyare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Manoj V Mane
- Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 025, India.,KAUST Catalysis Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
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36
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Das A, Patil NT. Enantioselective C-H Functionalization Reactions under Gold Catalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104371. [PMID: 35014732 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of ubiquitous C-H bonds has proven to be promising field as it offers the construction of chiral molecular complexity in a step- and atom-economical manner. In recent years, gold has emerged as an attractive contender for catalyzing such reactions. The unique reactivities and selectivities offered by gold catalysts have been exploited to access numerous asymmetric transformations based on gold-catalyzed C-H functionalization processes. Herein, this review critically highlights the major advances and discoveries made in the enantioselective C-H functionalization under gold catalysis which is accompanied by mechanistic insights at appropriate places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, India
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37
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Mudshinge SR, Yang Y, Xu B, Hammond GB, Lu Z. Gold (I/III)-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation and Trifluoromethylselenolation of Organohalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115687. [PMID: 35061930 PMCID: PMC10854012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The first C-SCF3 /SeCF3 cross-coupling reactions using gold redox catalysis [(MeDalphos)AuCl], AgSCF3 or Me4 NSeCF3 , and organohalides as substrates are reported. The new methodology enables a one-stop shop synthesis of aryl/alkenyl/alkynyl trifluoromethylthio- and selenoethers with a broad substrate scope (>60 examples with up to 97 % isolated yield). The method is scalable, and its robustness is evidenced by the late-stage functionalization of various bioactive molecules, which makes this reaction an attractive alternative in the synthesis of trifluoromethylthio- and selenoethers for pharmaceutical and agrochemical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar R Mudshinge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Zhichao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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38
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Shibata T, Nagai R, Okazaki S, Nishibe S, Ito M. Synthesis of NHC Ligands Containing a Sulfoxide Moiety and Their Use in Cross-Coupling via a Au(I)/(III) Catalytic Cycle. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Rikako Nagai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Sari Okazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Nishibe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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39
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Xu J, Ma X, Liu C, Zhang D. Density Functional Theory Study of Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Diarylation of Alkenes: π-Activation versus Migratory Insertion Mechanisms. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4078-4087. [PMID: 35232016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations are carried out to better understand the first gold-catalyzed 1,2-diarylation reactions of alkenes reported in the recent literature. The calculations on two representative reactions, aryl alkene/aryl iodide coupling pair (the aryl-I bond is located outside the aryl alkene) versus iodoaryl alkene/indole coupling pair (the aryl-I bond is located in the aryl alkene), confirm that the reaction involves a π-activation mechanism rather than the general migratory insertion mechanism in previously known metal catalysis by Pd, Ni, and Cu complexes. Theoretical results rationalize the regioselectivity of the reactions controlled by the aryl-I bond position (intermolecular or intramolecular) and also the ligand and substituent effects on the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Xu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xuexiang Ma
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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40
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Mudshinge SR, Yang Y, Xu B, Hammond GB, Lu Z. Gold (I/III)‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation and Trifluoromethylselenolation of Organohalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar R. Mudshinge
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Zhichao Lu
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA
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41
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Tyler Mertens R, Greif CE, Coogle JT, Berger G, Parkin S, Watson MD, Awuah SG. Stable Au(I) catalysts for oxidant-free C-H Functionalization with Iodoarenes. J Catal 2022; 408:109-114. [PMID: 35368720 PMCID: PMC8975124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of oxidant-free gold-catalyzed cross coupling reactions involving aryl halides have been hamstrung by the lack of gold catalysts capable of performing oxidative addition at Au(I) centers. Herein, we report the development of novel tricoordinate Au(I) catalysts supported by N,N-bidentate ligands and ligated by phosphine or arsine ligands for C-H functionalization without external oxidants to form biaryls with no homocoupling. The unsymmetrical character of the Au(I) catalyst is critical to facilitating this necessary orthogonal transformation. This study unveils yet another potential of Au(I) catalysis in biaryl synthesis.
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42
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Rodriguez J, Vesseur D, Tabey A, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Au(I)/Au(III) Catalytic Allylation Involving π-Allyl Au(III) Complexes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - David Vesseur
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Tabey
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S-UPPA Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254) Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Cedex 09, Pau, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09, Toulouse, France
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43
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Font P, Valdés H, Guisado-Barrios G, Ribas X. Hemilabile MIC^N ligands allow oxidant-free Au(I)/Au(III) arylation-lactonization of γ-alkenoic acids. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9351-9360. [PMID: 36093006 PMCID: PMC9384699 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01966c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidant-free Au-catalyzed reactions are emerging as a new synthetic tool for innovative organic transformations. Oxidant-free Au-catalyzed reactions are emerging as a new synthetic tool for innovative organic transformations. Still, a deeper mechanistic understanding is needed for a rational design of these processes. Here we describe the synthesis of two Au(i) complexes bearing bidentated hemilabile MIC^N ligands, [AuI(MIC^N)Cl], and their ability to stabilize square-planar Au(iii) species (MIC = mesoionic carbene). The presence of the hemilabile N-ligand contributed to stabilize the ensuing Au(iii) species acting as a five-membered ring chelate upon its coordination to the metal center. The Au(iii) complexes can be obtained either by using external oxidants or, alternatively, by means of feasible oxidative addition with strained biphenylene Csp2–Csp2 bonds as well as with aryl iodides. Based on the fundamental knowledge gained on the redox properties on these Au(i)/Au(iii) systems, we successfully develop a novel Au(i)-catalytic procedure for the synthesis of γ-substituted γ-butyrolactones through the arylation-lactonization reaction of the corresponding γ-alkenoic acid. The oxidative addition of the aryl iodide, which in turn is allowed by the hemilabile nature of the MIC^N ligand, is an essential step for this transformation. A novel hemilabile MIC^N ligand-based Au(i)-catalytic procedure for the synthesis of γ-substituted γ-butyrolactones through the arylation-lactonization reaction of the corresponding γ-alkenoic acid is presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Font
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi Girona E-17003 Catalonia Spain
| | - Hugo Valdés
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi Girona E-17003 Catalonia Spain
| | - Gregorio Guisado-Barrios
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi Girona E-17003 Catalonia Spain
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44
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Xiao X, Han P, Zhou H, Liu J. Palladium-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Alkenes by Relay Coupling with Propargylic Pyridines: Synthesis of Indolizine and Indolizinone-Containing Bisheterocycles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18179-18191. [PMID: 34860532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed arylation/heteroarylation of aryl halide-tethered alkenes with propargylic pyridines has been established, which provides direct and efficient access to various oxindole, azaoxindole, dihydrobenzopyran, indole, and benzofuran-linked indolizines in good yields with a broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. This process enables the formation of one C-N and two C-C bonds in a single operation through an intramolecular carbopalladation and cycloisomerization sequence. Furthermore, an indolizinone-linked bisheterocyclic framework containing indole and benzofuran could be synthesized conveniently from tertiary propargylic alcohols involving methyl or phenyl migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Puren Han
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Huiwen Zhou
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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Doobary S, Poole DL, Lennox AJJ. Intramolecular Alkene Fluoroarylation of Phenolic Ethers Enabled by Electrochemically Generated Iodane. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16095-16103. [PMID: 34766770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 3-substituted chromane core is found in several bioactive natural products. Herein, we describe a route to 3-fluorinated chromanes from allylic phenol ethers. Our external oxidant-free approach takes advantage of an electrochemical generation of a hypervalent iodine species, difluoro-λ3-tolyl iodane, which mediates the alkene fluoroarylation. High yields and selectivity for this transformation are achieved for electron poor substrates. The redox chemistry has been characterized for the electrochemical generation of the iodane in the presence of fluoride, and insights into the mechanism are given. The transformation has been demonstrated on gram scales, which indicates the potential broader utility of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Doobary
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Darren L Poole
- Medicines Design, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Alastair J J Lennox
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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Cadge JA, Bower JF, Russell CA. A Systematic Study of the Effects of Complex Structure on Aryl Iodide Oxidative Addition at Bipyridyl‐Ligated Gold(I) Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Cadge
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
| | - John F. Bower
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Russell
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom
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Cadge JA, Bower JF, Russell CA. A Systematic Study of the Effects of Complex Structure on Aryl Iodide Oxidative Addition at Bipyridyl-Ligated Gold(I) Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24976-24983. [PMID: 34533267 PMCID: PMC9298241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A combined theoretical and experimental approach has been used to study the unusual mechanism of oxidative addition of aryl iodides to [bipyAu(C2 H4 )]+ complexes. The modular nature of this system allowed a systematic assessment of the effects of complex structure. Computational comparisons between cationic gold and the isolobal (neutral) Pd0 and Pt0 complexes revealed similar mechanistic features, but with oxidative addition being significantly favored for the group 10 metals. Further differences between Au and Pd were seen in experimental studies: studying reaction rates as a function of electronic and steric properties showed that ligands bearing more electron-poor functionality increase the rate of oxidative addition; in a complementary way, electron-rich aryl iodides give faster rates. This divergence in mechanism compared to Pd suggests that Ar-X oxidative addition with Au can underpin a broad range of new or complementary transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Cadge
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUnited Kingdom
| | - John F. Bower
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUnited Kingdom
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUnited Kingdom
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48
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Catalyst-free, radical-mediated intermolecular 1,2-arylheteroarylation of alkenes by cleaving inert C-C bond. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bhoyare VW, Tathe AG, Das A, Chintawar CC, Patil NT. The interplay of carbophilic activation and Au(I)/Au(III) catalysis: an emerging technique for 1,2-difunctionalization of C-C multiple bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10422-10450. [PMID: 34323240 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gold complexes have emerged as the catalysts of choice for various functionalization reactions of C-C multiple bonds due to their inherent carbophilic nature. In a parallel space, efforts to realize less accessible cross-coupling reactivity have led to the development of various strategies that facilitate the arduous Au(i)/Au(iii) redox cycle. The interplay of the two important reactivity modes encountered in gold catalysis, namely carbophilic activation and Au(i)/Au(iii) catalysis, has allowed the development of a novel mechanistic paradigm that sponsors 1,2-difunctionalization reactions of various C-C multiple bonds. Interestingly, the reactivity as well as selectivity obtained through this interplay could be complementary to that obtained by the use of various other transition metals that mainly involved the classical oxidative addition/migratory insertion pathways. The present review shall comprehensively cover all the 1,2-difunctionalization reactions of C-C multiple bonds that have been realized by the interplay of the two important reactivity modes and categorized on the basis of the method that has been employed to foster the Au(i)/Au(iii) redox cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek W Bhoyare
- India Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
| | - Akash G Tathe
- India Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
| | - Avishek Das
- India Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
| | - Chetan C Chintawar
- India Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
| | - Nitin T Patil
- India Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, India.
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50
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Daley RA, Morrenzin AS, Neufeldt SR, Topczewski JJ. Mechanistic Investigation into the Gold-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Iodoarenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Daley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aaron S. Morrenzin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Joseph J. Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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