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Drummond Turnbull R, Bell NL. f-Block hydride complexes - synthesis, structure and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12814-12836. [PMID: 38953848 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Complexes formed between the heaviest and lightest elements in the periodic table yield the f-block hydrides, a unique class of compounds with wide-ranging utility and interest, from catalysis to light-responsive materials and nuclear waste storage. Recent developments in syntheses and analytics, such as exploiting low-oxidation state metal ions and improvements in X-ray diffraction tools, have transformed our ability to understand, access and manipulate these important species. This perspective brings together insights from binary metal hydrides, with molecular solution phase studies on heteroleptic complexes and gas phase investigations. It aims to provide an overview of how the f-element influences hydride formation, structure and reactivity including the sometimes-surprising power of co-ligands to tune their behaviour towards a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola L Bell
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, G12 8QQ.
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2
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Niu Q, Yu TY, Shi JW, Huang Q, Dong LZ, Yu F, Li SL, Liu J, Lan YQ. Constructing Functional Radiation-Resistant Thorium Clusters for Catalytic Redox Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39018421 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
When catalytic reactions are interfered with by radiation sources, thorium clusters are promising as potential catalysts due to their superior radiation resistance. However, there is currently very little research on the design synthesis and catalytic application of radiation-stable thorium clusters. In this work, we have elaborately engineered and fabricated three high-nuclear thorium cluster catalysts denoted as Th12L3-MA12, Th12L3-MA6-BF6, and Th12L3-Fcc12, which did not undergo any significant alterations in their molecular structures and compositions after irradiation with 690 kGy γ-rays. We systematically investigated the photocatalytic/thermocatalytic properties of these radiation-resistant thorium clusters for the first time and found that γ-rays could not alter their catalytic activities. In addition, it was found that ligand engineering could modulate the catalytic activity of thorium clusters, thus expanding the range of catalytic applications of thorium clusters, including reduction reactions (nitroarene reduction) and some oxidation reactions (N-heterocyclic oxidative dehydrogenation and diphenylmethane oxidation). Meanwhile, all of these organic transformation reactions achieved a >80% conversion and nearly 100% product selectivity. Radiation experiments combined with DFT calculations showed that the synergistic catalysis of thorium-oxo core and ligands led to the generation of specific active species (H+, O2•-, or tBuO/tBuOO•) and activation of substrate molecules, thus achieving superior catalytic performance. This work is not only the first to develop radiation-resistant thorium cluster catalysts to perform efficient redox reactions but also provides design ideas for the construction of high-nuclearity thorium clusters under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Niu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tao-Yuan Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Long-Zhang Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Li Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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3
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Li K, Del Rosal I, Zhao Y, Maron L, Zhu C. Planar Tetranuclear Uranium Hydride Cluster Supported by ansa-Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405494. [PMID: 38661015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Polynuclear metal hydride clusters play important roles in various catalytic processes, with most of the reported polynuclear metal hydride clusters adopting a polyhedral three-dimensional structure. Herein, we report the first example of a planar tetranuclear uranium hydride cluster [(CpCMe2CMe2Cp)U]4(μ2-H)4(μ3-H)4 (U4H8). It was synthesized by reacting an ansa-bis(cyclopentadienyl) ligand-supported uranium chloride precursor [(CpCMe2CMe2Cp)U]3(μ2-Cl)3(μ3-Cl)2 with NaHBEt3. The presence of hydrides in U4H8 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and its reactivity with phenol and carbon tetrachloride. DFT calculations also facilitated the determination of the hydrides' positions in U4H8, featuring four bridging μ2-H ligands and four face-capping μ3-H ligands, with the four U centers arranged in a rhombic geometry. The U4H8 represents not only the first example of planar polynuclear actinide metal hydride cluster but also the uranium hydride cluster with the highest nuclearity reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Xu H, Lv ZJ, Chen X, Xi Z, Wei J. N-Aryloxide-Amidinate Thorium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5530-5540. [PMID: 38457482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
An N-aryloxide-amidine ligand (1), [ONNO] ligand, integrating phenoxide (PhO-) and amidine ligands through methylene linkers, was employed in actinide chemistry. Upon reaction of the deprotonated ligand with ThCl4(DME)2 in ether, the corresponding dimer complex 2 was obtained. Upon treatment of 2 with KCp* (Cp* = Cp(Me)5) in tetrahydrofuran, the corresponding {[ONNO]ThIVCp*(LiCl)}2 (4) was obtained. In complex 2, the two ArO- arms bonded from the same ligand to different ThIV centers. In contrast, both ArO- arms coordinated to the same metal center in 4. Notably, when a mixture of 2 and bipyridine was treated with one or two equiv of KC8, the [ONNO]ThIV-bipyridyl•̅ radical dimer complex (5) and [ONNO]ThIV-bipyridyl2- dianionic dimer species (6) were obtained, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhua Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ze-Jie Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Tsoureas N, Rajeshkumar T, Townrow OPE, Maron L, Layfield RA. Thorium- and Uranium-Mediated C-H Activation of a Silyl-Substituted Cyclobutadienyl Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20629-20635. [PMID: 36484644 PMCID: PMC9768750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutadienyl complexes of the f-elements are a relatively new yet poorly understood class of sandwich and half-sandwich organometallic compounds. We now describe cyclobutadienyl transfer reactions of the magnesium reagent [(η4-Cb'''')Mg(THF)3] (1), where Cb'''' is tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadienyl, toward thorium(IV) and uranium(IV) tetrachlorides. The 1:1 stoichiometric reactions between 1 and AnCl4 proceed with intact transfer of Cb'''' to give the half-sandwich complexes [(η4-Cb'''')AnCl(μ-Cl)3Mg(THF)3] (An = Th, 2; An = U, 3). Using a 2:1 reaction stoichiometry produces [Mg2Cl3(THF)6][(η4-Cb'''')An(η3-C4H(SiMe3)3-κ-(CH2SiMe2)(Cl)] (An = Th, [Mg2Cl3(THF)6][4]; An = U [Mg2Cl3(THF)6][5]), in which one Cb'''' ligand has undergone cyclometalation of a trimethylsilyl group, resulting in the formation of an An-C σ-bond, protonation of the four-membered ring, and an η3-allylic interaction with the actinide. Complex solution-phase dynamics are observed with multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for both sandwich complexes. A computational analysis of the reaction mechanism leading to the formation of 4 and 5 indicates that the cyclobutadienyl ligands undergo C-H activation across the actinide center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Institut
National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Oliver P. E. Townrow
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Institut
National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France,
| | - Richard A. Layfield
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University
of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K.,
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6
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Li K, Liu W, Zhang H, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen N, Zhu C, Chai Z, Wang S. Progress in solid state and coordination chemistry of actinides in China. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the past decade, the area of solid state chemistry of actinides has witnessed a rapid development in China, based on the significantly increased proportion of the number of actinide containing crystal structures reported by Chinese researchers from only 2% in 2010 to 36% in 2021. In this review article, we comprehensively overview the synthesis, structure, and characterizations of representative actinide solid compounds including oxo-compounds, organometallic compounds, and endohedral metallofullerenes reported by Chinese researchers. In addition, Chinese researchers pioneered several potential applications of actinide solid compounds in terms of adsorption, separation, photoelectric materials, and photo-catalysis, which are also briefly discussed. It is our hope that this contribution not only calls for further development of this area in China, but also arouses new research directions and interests in actinide chemistry and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai , 264005 , China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Liwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210023 , China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
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7
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Dickie TKK, Hayes PG. Thorium(IV) Diphosphazide Complexes: CO2 Insertion into Th–C and Th–N Bonds. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara K. K. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Paul G. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
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8
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Tsantis ST, Danelli P, Tzimopoulos DI, Raptopoulou CP, Psycharis V, Perlepes SP. Pentanuclear Thorium(IV) Coordination Cluster from the Use of Di(2-pyridyl) Ketone. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11888-11892. [PMID: 34351755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Th(NO3)4·5H2O/di(2-pyridyl) ketone [(py)2CO] reaction system gives a pentanuclear cluster containing the doubly deprotonated form of the gem-diol derivative of the ligand. The cluster consists of a tetrahedral arrangement of four ThIV ions centered on the fifth ion, which is the first characterized ThIV5 complex. The analysis of its structure reveals that this is a Kuratowski-type coordination compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis T Tsantis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), P.O Box 144, 26504 Platani, Greece
| | | | | | - Catherine P Raptopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Vassilis Psycharis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NCSR "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Spyros P Perlepes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), P.O Box 144, 26504 Platani, Greece
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara K. K. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Ashraf A. Aborawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Paul G. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
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