1
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Mondal R, Nayak B, Ottakam Thotiyl M. A Spontaneous Heavy Hydrogen Generator via a Protium Redox. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6866-6871. [PMID: 38924762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The extreme significance of heavy hydrogen (D2) in medicinal, nuclear, and chemical sectors, despite its scarce natural abundance, underscores the vital imperative for inventing novel chemistries for its production. We showcase a spontaneous heavy hydrogen generator during commensurate electrical energy production by decoupling the direct chemistry of OD-/D+ dual ions via a protium redox. This exergonic electrochemistry yields ∼357 mL of D2 in nearly 85 h of continuous operation, with a commensurate electrical energy output of 122 kJ/per mole of D2. This laboratory-level demonstration of spontaneous heavy hydrogen production presents a novel chemistry for the scalable manufacture of nonprimordial D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Bhojkumar Nayak
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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2
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Zheng J, Tang J, Jin S, Hu H, Jiang ZJ, Chen J, Bai JF, Gao Z. Site-Selective Deuteration of α-Amino Esters with 2-Hydroxynicotinaldehyde as a Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26963-26972. [PMID: 38947810 PMCID: PMC11209932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of α-deuterated α-amino esters via hydrogen isotope exchange of α-amino esters in D2O with 2-hydroxynicotinaldehyde as a catalyst under mild conditions. This methodology exhibits a wide range of substrate scopes, remarkable functional group tolerance, and affording the desired products in good yields with excellent deuterium incorporation. Notably, the ortho-hydroxyl group and the pyridine ring of the catalyst play a crucial role in the catalytic activity, which not only stabilizes the carbon-anion intermediates but also enhances the acidity of the amino esters' α-C-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zheng
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Tang
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenhao Jin
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Jiang
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fei Bai
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Gao
- NingboTech-Cuiying
Joint Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technology, School of Biological
and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo
Cuiying Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315100, People’s Republic of China
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3
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He M, Li R, Cheng C, Liu C, Zhang B. Microenvironment regulation breaks the Faradaic efficiency-current density trade-off for electrocatalytic deuteration using D 2O. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5231. [PMID: 38898044 PMCID: PMC11187139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the electrocatalytic deuteration of organics with D2O at a large current density is significant for deuterated electrosynthesis. However, the FE and current density are the two ends of a seesaw because of the severe D2 evolution side reaction at nearly industrial current densities. Herein, we report a combined scenario of a nanotip-enhanced electric field and surfactant-modified interface microenvironment to enable the electrocatalytic deuteration of arylacetonitrile in D2O with an 80% FE at -100 mA cm-2. The increased concentration with low activation energy of arylacetonitrile due to the large electric field along the tips and the accelerated arylacetonitrile transfer and suppressed D2 evolution by the surfactant-created deuterophobic microenvironment contribute to breaking the trade-off between a high FE and large current density. Furthermore, the application of our strategy in other deuteration reactions with improved Faradaic efficiencies at -100 mA cm-2 rationalizes the design concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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4
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Li L, Wang X, Fu N. Electrochemical Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403475. [PMID: 38504466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Olefin hydrogenation is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis. Electrochemical transition metal-catalyzed hydrogenation is an attractive approach to replace the dangerous hydrogen gas with electrons and protons. However, this reaction poses major challenges due to rapid hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of metal-hydride species that outcompetes alkene hydrogenation step, and facile deposition of the metal catalyst at the electrode that stalls reaction. Here we report an economical and efficient strategy to achieve high selectivity for hydrogenation reactivity over the well-established HER. Using an inexpensive and bench-stable nickel salt as the catalyst, this mild reaction features outstanding substrate generality and functional group compatibility, and distinct chemoselectivity. In addition, hydrodebromination of alkyl and aryl bromides could be realized using the same reaction system with a different ligand, and high chemoselectivity between hydrogenation and hydrodebromination could be achieved through ligand selection. The practicability of our method has been demonstrated by the success of large-scale synthesis using catalytic amount of electrolyte and a minimal amount of solvent. Cyclic voltammetry and kinetic studies were performed, which support a NiII/0 catalytic cycle and the pre-coordination of the substrate to the nickel center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Yan Y, Hao J, Peng Y, Yin M, Jing L, Han P. Electrochemical benzylic deuteration of p-QMs enabling the synthesis of benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4047-4051. [PMID: 38712523 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, electroreductive umpolung benzylic deuteration of p-QMs using cheap and easily accessible D2O as a deuterium source is reported. Various value-added benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes can be synthesized without the requirement of noble metal catalysts, redox reagents, and strong bases. The establishment of this protocol will provide an alternative strategy for acquiring benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Yan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Jianjun Hao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Yulin Peng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Mengyun Yin
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Linhai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
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6
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Liu C, Chen F, Zhao BH, Wu Y, Zhang B. Electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation of organic species involving water. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:277-293. [PMID: 38528116 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fossil fuel-driven thermochemical hydrogenation and oxidation using high-pressure H2 and O2 are still popular but energy-intensive CO2-emitting processes. At present, developing renewable energy-powered electrochemical technologies, especially those using clean, safe and easy-to-handle reducing agents and oxidants for organic hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, is urgently needed. Water is an ideal carrier of hydrogen and oxygen. Electrochemistry provides a powerful route to drive water splitting under ambient conditions. Thus, electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation transformations involving water as the hydrogen source and oxidant, respectively, have been developed to be mild and efficient tools to synthesize organic hydrogenated and oxidized products. In this Review, we highlight the advances in water-participating electrochemical hydrogenation and oxidation reactions of representative organic molecules. Typical electrode materials, performance metrics and key characterization techniques are firstly introduced. General electrocatalyst design principles and controlling the microenvironment for promoting hydrogenation and oxygenation reactions involving water are summarized. Furthermore, paired hydrogenation and oxidation reactions are briefly introduced before finally discussing the challenges and future opportunities of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanpeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Wu L, Jia K, Wang M, Qiu Y. Electroreduction of unactivated alkenes using water as hydrogen source. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2780. [PMID: 38555370 PMCID: PMC10981685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report an electroreduction of unactivated alkyl alkenes enabled by [Fe]-H, which is provided through the combination of anodic iron salts and the silane generated in situ via cathodic reduction, using H2O as an H-source. The catalytic amounts of Si-additive work as an H-carrier from H2O to generate a highly active silane species in situ under continuous electrochemical conditions. This approach shows a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. In addition to hydrogenation, the use of D2O instead of H2O provides the desired deuterated products in good yields with excellent D-incorporation (up to >99%). Further late-stage hydrogenation of complex molecules and drug derivatives demonstrate potential application in the pharmaceutical industry. Mechanistic studies are performed and provide support for the proposed mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kangping Jia
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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8
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Sahroni I, Kodama T, Ahmad MS, Nakahara T, Inomata Y, Kida T. Graphene Oxide Membrane Reactor for Electrochemical Deuteration Reactions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3590-3597. [PMID: 38489112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The deuteration of organic molecules is considerably important in organic and medicinal chemistry. An electrochemical membrane reactor using proton-conducting graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was developed to synthesize valuable deuterium-labeled products via an efficient hydrogen-to-deuterium (H/D) exchange under mild conditions at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Deuterons (D+) formed by the anodic oxidation of heavy water (D2O) at the Pt/C anode permeate through the GO membrane to the Pt/C cathode, where organic molecules with functional groups (C≡C and C═O) are deuterated with adsorbed atomic D species. Deuteration occurs in outstanding yields with high levels of D incorporation. We also achieved the electrodeuteration of a drug molecule, ibuprofen, demonstrating the promising feasibility of the GO membrane reactor in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Sahroni
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
| | - Taiga Kodama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Ahmad
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takeru Nakahara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inomata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8655, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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9
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Zhang T, Jin Z, Zhao H, Lai C, Liu Z, Luo P, Dong Z, Wang F. Aqueous alkaline phosphate facilitates the non-exchangeable deuteration of peptides and proteins. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8075-8080. [PMID: 38464689 PMCID: PMC10921277 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of deuterium into peptides and proteins holds broad applications across various fields, such as drug development and structural characterization. Nevertheless, current methods for peptide/protein deuteration often target exchangeable labile sites or require harsh conditions for stable modification. In this study, we present a late-stage approach utilizing an alkaline phosphate solution to achieve deuteration of non-exchangeable backbone sites of peptides and proteins. The specific deuteration regions are identified through ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and mass spectrometry analysis. This deuteration strategy demonstrates site and structure selectivity, with a notable affinity for labeling the α-helix regions of myoglobin. The deuterium method is particularly suitable for peptides and proteins that remain stable under high pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhixiong Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Heng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Can Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pan Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518000 China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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10
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Tian X, Liu Y, Yakubov S, Schütte J, Chiba S, Barham JP. Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:263-316. [PMID: 38059728 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy - unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads to the development of new synthetic reactions and a vast expansion of chemical spaces. This review summarizes recent developments in photo- and/or electrochemical activation strategies for the functionalization of strong bonds - particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds - via: (1) direct photoexcitation by high energy UV light; (2) activation via photoredox catalysis under irradiation with relatively lower energy UVA or blue light; (3) electrochemical reduction; (4) combination of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Based on the types of the targeted C-X bonds, various transformations ranging from hydrodefunctionalization to cross-coupling are covered with detailed discussions of their reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Schütte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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11
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Feng Q, He T, Qian S, Xu P, Liao S, Huang S. Electroreductive hydroxy fluorosulfonylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8278. [PMID: 38092768 PMCID: PMC10719349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An electroreductive strategy for radical hydroxyl fluorosulfonylation of alkenes with sulfuryl chlorofluoride and molecular oxygen from air is described. This mild protocol displays excellent functional group compatibility, broad scope, and good scalability, providing convenient access to diverse β-hydroxy sulfonyl fluorides. These β-hydroxy sulfonyl fluoride products can be further converted to valuable aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides, β-keto sulfonyl fluorides, and β-alkenyl sulfonyl fluorides. Further, some of these products showed excellent inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea or Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which could be useful for potent agrochemical discovery. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation is achieved through rapid O2 interception by the alkyl radical and subsequent reduction of the peroxy radical, which outcompete other side reactions such as chlorine atom transfer, hydrogen atom transfer, and Russell fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tianyu He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shencheng Qian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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12
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Li HR, Guo XY, Guo MZ, Liu K, Wen LR, Li M, Zhang LB. Electrochemical chemoselective hydrogenation of 1,4-enediones with HFIP as the hydrogen donor: scalable access to 1,4-diketones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8646-8650. [PMID: 37870475 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward electrochemical protocol for efficient hydrogenation of unsaturated CC bonds has been reported in an undivided cell. A series of versatile 1,4-diketones are smoothly generated under metal-free and external-reductant-free electrolytic conditions. Moreover, the tolerance of various functional groups and decagram-scale experiments have shown the practicability and potential applications of this methodology. Moreover, a range of heterocyclic compounds were easily prepared through follow-up procedures of 1,4-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Zhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Kui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Rong Wen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Lin-Bao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
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13
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Yang K, Feng T, Qiu Y. Organo-Mediator Enabled Electrochemical Deuteration of Styrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312803. [PMID: 37698174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of the deuterium isotope effect, selective deuterium labeling of chemical molecules remains a major challenge. Herein, a facile and general electrochemically driven, organic mediator enabled deuteration of styrenes with deuterium oxide (D2 O) as the economical deuterium source was reported. Importantly, this transformation could be suitable for various electron rich styrenes mediated by triphenylphosphine (TPP). The reaction proceeded under mild conditions without transition-metal catalysts, affording the desired products in good yields with excellent D-incorporation (D-inc, up to >99 %). Mechanistic investigations by means of isotope labeling experiments and cyclic voltammetry tests provided sufficient support for this transformation. Notably, this method proved to be a powerful tool for late-stage deuteration of biorelevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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14
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Wang Y, Dana S, Long H, Xu Y, Li Y, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11269-11335. [PMID: 37751573 PMCID: PMC10571048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) constitutes a powerful strategy for the assembly or diversification of novel molecular entities with improved physicochemical or biological activities. LSF can thus greatly accelerate the development of medicinally relevant compounds, crop protecting agents, and functional materials. Electrochemical molecular synthesis has emerged as an environmentally friendly platform for the transformation of organic compounds. Over the past decade, electrochemical late-stage functionalization (eLSF) has gained major momentum, which is summarized herein up to February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Xu
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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15
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Jana S, Mayerhofer VJ, Teskey CJ. Photo- and Electrochemical Cobalt Catalysed Hydrogen Atom Transfer for the Hydrofunctionalisation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304882. [PMID: 37184388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogen atom transfer from metal-hydrides to alkenes allows feedstock olefins to be used as alkyl radical precursors. The chemoselectivity of this process makes it an attractive synthetic tool and as such it has been regularly used in synthesis of complex molecules. However, onwards reactivity is limited by compatibility with the conditions which form the key metal-hydride species. Now, through the merger with photocatalysis or electrochemistry, milder methods are emerging which can unlock entirely new reactivity and offer perspectives on expanding these methods in unprecedented directions. This review outlines the most recent developments in electro- and photochemical cobalt catalysed methods and offers suggestions on the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samikshan Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor J Mayerhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Reddy MB, Prabhu S, Anandhan R. Electrochemical reductive cascade cyclization of o-alkynylated derivatives for saturated amides/amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11125-11128. [PMID: 37646789 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented reductive hydroamidative/hydroquinazolinative cascade cyclization of o-alkynylated derivatives was achieved via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) under electrolysis. In a single step, the rapid assembly of isoindolinones and novel isoindole-fused quinazolinones were achieved through electrolysis by the hydroamidation of amidyl/quinazolinone aminyl radicals with C-C triple bond addition via 5-exo-dig cyclization followed by olefinic reduction without external reductants. Control and cyclic voltammetry experiments support a mechanistic explanation of the electrochemical cascade, and these experiments indicate that the electrolyte is the source of hydrogen for the olefin reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakthivel Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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17
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Liu C, Wu Y, Zhao B, Zhang B. Designed Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Organic Hydrogenation Using Water as the Hydrogen Source. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37316974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe hydrogenation reaction is one of the most frequently used transformations in organic synthesis. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation by using water (H2O) as the hydrogen source offers an efficient and sustainable approach to synthesize hydrogenated products under ambient conditions. Such a technique can avoid the use of high-pressure and flammable hydrogen gas or other toxic/expensive hydrogen donors, which usually cause environmental, safety, and cost concerns. Interestingly, utilizing easily available heavy water (D2O) for deuterated syntheses is also attractive due to the widespread applications of deuterated molecules in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry. Despite impressive achievements, electrode selection mainly relies on trial-and-error modes, and how electrodes dictate reaction outcomes remains elusive. Therefore, the rational design of nanostructured electrodes for driving the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of a series of organics via H2O electrolysis is developed.In this Account, we review recent advances in the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of different types of organic functional groups, including C≡C, C≡N, C═C, C═O, and C-Br/I bonds, -NO2, and N-heterocycles, with H2O over nanostructured cathodes. First, the general reaction steps (reactant/intermediate adsorption, active atomic hydrogen (H*) formation, surface hydrogenation reaction, product desorption) are analyzed, and key factors are proposed to optimize hydrogenation performance (e.g., selectivity, activity, Faradaic efficiency (FE), reaction rate, and productivity) and inhibit side reactions. Then, ex situ and in situ spectroscopic tools to study key intermediates and interpret mechanisms are introduced. Third, based on the knowledge of key reaction steps and mechanisms, we introduce catalyst design principles in detail on how to optimize the adoption of reactants and key intermediates, promote the formation of H* from water electrolysis, inhibit hydrogen evolution and side reactions, and improve the selectivity, reaction rate, FEs, and space-time productivity of products. We then introduce some typical examples. (i) P- and S-modified Pd can decrease C═C adsorption and promote H* formation, enabling semihydrogenation of alkynes with high selectivity and FEs at lower potentials. Then, creating high-curvature nanotips to concentrate the substrates further speeds up the hydrogenation process. (ii) By introducing low-coordination sites into Fe and combining low-coordination sites and surface fluorine to modify Co to optimize the adsorption of intermediates and facilitate H* formation, hydrogenation of nitriles and N-heterocycles with high activity and selectivity is obtained. (iii) By forming isolated Pd sites to induce a specific σ-alkynyl adsorption of alkynes and steering S vacancies of Co3S4-x to preferentially adsorb -NO2, hydrogenation of easily reduced group-decorated alkynes and nitroarenes with high chemoselectivity is realized. (iv) For gas reactant participated reactions, by designing hydrophobic gas diffusion layer-supported ultrasmall Cu nanoparticles to enhance mass transfer, improve H2O activation, inhibit H2 formation, and decrease ethylene adsorption, ampere-level ethylene production with a 97.7% FE is accomplished. Finally, we provide an outlook on the current challenges and promising opportunities in this area. We believe that the electrode selection principles summarized here provide a paradigm for designing highly active and selective nanomaterials to achieve electrocatalytic hydrogenation and other organic transformations with fascinating performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bohang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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18
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Wang M, Zhang C, Ci C, Jiang H, Dixneuf PH, Zhang M. Room Temperature Construction of Vicinal Amino Alcohols via Electroreductive Cross-Coupling of N-Heteroarenes and Carbonyls. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10967-10973. [PMID: 37075201 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread applications of α-hydroxyalkyl cyclic amines, direct and diverse access to such a class of unique vicinal amino alcohols still remains, to date, a challenge. Here, through a strategy of electroreductive α-hydroxyalkylation of inactive N-heteroarenes with ketones or electron-rich arylaldehydes, we describe a room temperature approach for the direct construction of α-hydroxyalkyl cyclic amines, which features a broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, high chemoselectivity, and no need for pressurized H2 gas and transition metal catalysts. The zinc ion generated from anode oxidation plays a crucial role in the activation of both reactants by decreasing their reduction potentials. The strategy of electroreduction in combination with substrate activation by Lewis acids in this work is anticipated to develop more useful transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maorui Wang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chenggang Ci
- Key Laboratory of Computational Catalytic Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | | | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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19
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Wood D, Lin S. Deuterodehalogenation Under Net Reductive or Redox-Neutral Conditions Enabled by Paired Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218858. [PMID: 36738472 PMCID: PMC10050105 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in deuterated active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is increasing as deuteration holds promise for kinetic isotope effect (KIE) regulated fine-tuning of API performance. Moreover, deuterium isotope labeling is frequently carried out to study organic and bioorganic reaction mechanisms and to facilitate complex target synthesis. As such, methods for highly selective deuteration of organic molecules are highly desirable. Herein, we present an electrochemical method for the selective deuterodehalogenation of benzylic halides via a radical-polar crossover mechanism, using inexpensive deuterium oxide (D2 O) as the deuterium source. We demonstrate broad functional group compatibility across a range of aryl and heteroaryl benzylic halides. Furthermore, we uncover a sequential paired electrolysis regime, which permits switching between net reductive and overall redox-neutral reactions of sulfur-containing substrates simply by changing the identity of the sacrificial reductant employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY-14853, USA
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20
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Zhao Y, Xu J, Huang K, Ge W, Liu Z, Lian C, Liu H, Jiang H, Li C. Dopant- and Surfactant-Tuned Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Enabling Efficient Alkynol Semi-Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6516-6525. [PMID: 36913524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical alkynol semi-hydrogenation has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally benign route for the production of high-value alkenols, featuring water as the hydrogen source instead of H2. It is highly challenging to design the electrode-electrolyte interface with efficient electrocatalysts and their matched electrolytes to break the selectivity-activity stereotype. Here, boron-doped Pd catalysts (PdB) and surfactant-modified interface are proposed to enable the simultaneous increase in alkenol selectivity and alkynol conversion. Typically, compared to pure Pd and commercial Pd/C catalysts, the PdB catalyst achieves both higher turnover frequency (139.8 h-1) and specific selectivity (above 90%) for the semi-hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY). Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants that are employed as electrolyte additives are assembled at the electrified interface in response to applied bias potential, establishing an interfacial microenvironment that can facilitate alkynol transfer and hinder water transfer suitably. Eventually the hydrogen evolution reaction is inhibited and alkynol semi-hydrogenation is promoted, without inducing the decrease of alkenol selectivity. This work offers a distinct perspective on creating a suitable electrode-electrolyte interface for electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wangxin Ge
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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21
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Fan Y, Ou W, Chen M, Liu Y, Zhang B, Ruan W, Su C. Metal-Free Electrochemically Reductive Deuteration of C═N Bonds with D 2O toward Deuterated Amines. Org Lett 2023; 25:432-437. [PMID: 36607227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly and highly efficient synthesis of α-deuterated amines is achieved via a concise electrochemical process using D2O as deuterium source without any external reductants or catalysts. Various imines are compatible, affording the desired products in high yields and D-incorporation. Gram-scale synthesis and flow-cell electrochemistry technology are used to synthesize deuterated pharmaceutical amines and their intermediates. Mechanistic studies reveal a plausible process, including the formation of carbanion species followed by deuterium atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ou
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Mengyin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Ruan
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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22
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Suzuki A, Kamei Y, Yamashita M, Seino Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshino T, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Photocatalytic Deuterium Atom Transfer Deuteration of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with High Functional Group Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214433. [PMID: 36394187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to its mild reaction conditions and unique chemoselectivity, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrogenation represents an indispensable method for the synthesis of complex molecules. Its analog using deuterium, deuterium atom transfer (DAT) deuteration, is expected to enable access to complex deuterium-labeled compounds. However, DAT deuteration has been scarcely studied for synthetic purposes, and a method that possesses the favorable characteristics of HAT hydrogenations has remained elusive. Herein, we report a protocol for the photocatalytic DAT deuteration of electron-deficient alkenes. In contrast to the previous DAT deuteration, this method tolerates a variety of synthetically useful functional groups including haloarenes. The late-stage deuteration also allows access to deuterated amino acids as well as donepezil-d2 . Thus, this work demonstrates the potential of DAT chemistry to become the alternative method of choice for preparing deuterium-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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23
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Xiang H, He J, Qian W, Qiu M, Xu H, Duan W, Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Zhu C. Electroreductively Induced Radicals for Organic Synthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020857. [PMID: 36677915 PMCID: PMC9866059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemistry has attracted tremendous interest within the novel sustainable methodologies that have not only reduced the undesired byproducts, but also utilized cleaner and renewable energy sources. Particularly, oxidative electrochemistry has gained major attention. On the contrary, reductive electrolysis remains an underexplored research direction. In this context, we discuss advances in transition-metal-free cathodically generated radicals for selective organic transformations since 2016. We highlight the electroreductive reaction of alkyl radicals, aryl radicals, acyl radicals, silyl radicals, fluorosulfonyl radicals and trifluoromethoxyl radicals.
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24
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Gu Q, Cheng Z, Qiu X, Zeng X. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Functionalization of Isocyanides. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200177. [PMID: 36126178 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isocyanides are well-known as efficient CO surrogates and C1 synthons in modern organic synthesis. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to fully exploiting the reactivity of isocyanides, these transformations are primarily limited by their utilization of stoichiometric toxic chemical oxidants. With the recent resurgence of organic electrochemistry, which has considerably laid dormant over the past several decades, electrolysis has been identified as a green and powerful tool to enrich structural diversity by solely utilizing electric current as clean and inherently safe redox equivalents of stoichiometric chemical oxidants. In this regard, the unique reactivity of isocyanides has been studied in numerous electrochemical transformations. This review comprehensively highlights the most relevant progress in electrochemical strategies towards the functionalization of isocyanides up until June of 2022, with a focus on reaction outcomes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaobao Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
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25
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One-pot H/D exchange and low-coordinated iron electrocatalyzed deuteration of nitriles in D 2O to α,β-deuterio aryl ethylamines. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5951. [PMID: 36216818 PMCID: PMC9550836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a step-economical approach for efficient synthesis of α,β-deuterio aryl ethylamines (α,β-DAEAs) with high deuterium ratios using an easy-to-handle deuterated source under ambient conditions is highly desirable. Here we report a room-temperature one-pot two-step transformation of aryl acetonitriles to α,β-DAEAs with up to 92% isolated yield and 99% α,β-deuterium ratios using D2O as a deuterium source. The process involves a fast α-C - H/C - D exchange and tandem electroreductive deuteration of C ≡ N over an in situ formed low-coordinated Fe nanoparticle cathode. The moderate adsorptions of nitriles/imine intermediates and the promoted formation of active hydrogen (H*) on unsaturated Fe sites facilitate the electroreduction process. In situ Raman confirms co-adsorption of aryl rings and the C ≡ N group on the Fe surface. A proposed H*-addition pathway is confirmed by the detected hydrogen and carbon radicals. Wide substrate scope, parallel synthesis of multiple α,β-DAEAs, and successful preparation of α,β-deuterated Melatonin and Komavine highlight the potential.
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26
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Li H, Gao Y, Wu Y, Liu C, Cheng C, Chen F, Shi Y, Zhang B. σ-Alkynyl Adsorption Enables Electrocatalytic Semihydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes with Easy-Reducible/Passivated Groups over Amorphous PdS x Nanocapsules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19456-19465. [PMID: 36197038 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly chemo- and regioselective semihydrogenation of alkynes is significant and challenging for the synthesis of functionalized alkenes. Here, a sequential self-template method is used to synthesize amorphous palladium sulfide nanocapsules (PdSx ANCs), which enables electrocatalytic semihydrogenation of terminal alkynes in H2O with excellent tolerance to easily reducible groups (e.g., C-I/Br/Cl, C═O) and the metal center deactivating skeletons (e.g., quinolyl, carboxyl, and nitrile). Mechanistic studies demonstrate that specific σ-alkynyl adsorption via terminal carbon and negligible alkene adsorption on isolated Pd2+ sites ensure successful synthesis of various alkenes with outstanding time-irrelevant selectivity in a wide potential range. The key hydrogen and carbon radical intermediates are validated by electron paramagnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Gram-scale synthesis of 4-bromostyrene and expedient preparation of deuterated alkene precursors and drugs with D2O show promising applications. Impressively, PdSx ANCs can be applied to the prevailing thermocatalytic semihydrogenation of functionalized alkyne using H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongmeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fanpeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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Yadav MS, Jaiswal MK, Kumar S, Singh SK, Ansari FJ, Tiwari VK. One-pot expeditious synthesis of glycosylated esters through activation of carboxylic acids using trichloroacetonitrile. Carbohydr Res 2022; 521:108674. [PMID: 36126412 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetimidates, a valuable intermediate has been well explored as versatile synthon in a number of organic transformations particularly as suitable donors in glycosylation reactions. Herein, we explored acetimidates to furnish high-to-excellent yield of diverse glycosylated esters under one-pot mild reaction condition. The commercially available trichloroacetonitrile is implemented for the activation of carboxylic acid via in situ generation of trichloroacetimidate, which was subsequently attacked by sugar alcohols to deliver high-to-excellent yields of desired glycosylated esters. The devised method has some notable features such as metal-free condition, one-pot mild reaction condition, easy-handling, high-to-excellent yields, and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangal S Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Faisal J Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Abstract
Deuterated chemicals are becoming irreplaceable in pharmaceutical engineering, material science and synthetic chemistry. Many excellent reviews have discussed acid/base-dependent or metal-catalyzed deuteration reactions, but radical deuterations have been discussed less. With the development of radical chemistry, there has been a rapid growth in radical deuterium-labelling technology. Diverse mild, cheap and efficient strategies for deuterium atom installation have been reported, and this review summarizes the recent achievements of radical deuteration classified by the reaction types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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29
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Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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30
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Li N, Li J, Qin M, Li J, Han J, Zhu C, Li W, Xie J. Highly selective single and multiple deuteration of unactivated C(sp 3)-H bonds. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4224. [PMID: 35869077 PMCID: PMC9307835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective deuteration of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds is a highly attractive but challenging subject of research in pharmaceutical chemistry, material science and synthetic chemistry. Reported herein is a practical, highly selective and economical efficient hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds by synergistic photocatalysis and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis. With the easily prepared PMP-substituted amides as nitrogen-centered radical precursors, a wide range of structurally diverse amides can undergo predictable radical H/D exchange smoothly with inexpensive D2O as the sole deuterium source, giving rise to the distal tertiary, secondary and primary C(sp3)-H bonds selectively deuterated products in yields of up to 99% and excellent D-incorporations. In addition to precise monodeuteration, this strategy can also achieve multideuteration of the substrates contain more than one remote C(sp3)-H bond, which opens a method to address multi-functionalization of distal unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingzhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources; College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China.
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Li P, Guo C, Wang S, Ma D, Feng T, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Facile and general electrochemical deuteration of unactivated alkyl halides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3774. [PMID: 35773255 PMCID: PMC9247074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a facile and general electroreductive deuteration of unactivated alkyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I) or pseudo-halides (X = OMs) using D2O as the economical deuterium source was reported. In addition to primary and secondary alkyl halides, sterically hindered tertiary chlorides also work very well, affording the target deuterodehalogenated products with excellent efficiency and deuterium incorporation. More than 60 examples are provided, including late-stage dehalogenative deuteration of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and their derivatives, all with excellent deuterium incorporation (up to 99% D), demonstrating the potential utility of the developed method in organic synthesis. Furthermore, the method does not require external catalysts and tolerates high current, showing possible use in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Watanabe A, Hama K, Watanabe K, Fujiwara Y, Yokoyama K, Murata S, Takita R. Controlled Tetradeuteration of Straight‐Chain Fatty Acids: Synthesis, Application, and Insight into the Metabolism of Oxidized Linoleic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202779. [PMID: 35411582 PMCID: PMC9324819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Watanabe
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (ACRO) Teikyo University Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Shigeo Murata
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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33
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Feng Q, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Liao S, Huang S. Electrochemical Synthesis of β-Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides via Radical Fluorosulfonylation of Vinyl Triflates. Org Lett 2022; 24:3702-3706. [PMID: 35579434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of versatile β-keto sulfonyl fluorides is accomplished by radical fluorosulfonylation of vinyl triflates with FSO2Cl as the fluorosulfonyl radical source. This electroreductive protocol uses inexpensive graphite felt as electrodes, thus avoiding the use of a sacrificial anode. Moreover, this protocol, featuring metal-free, mild conditions and easy scalability, allows expedient access to valuable β-keto sulfonyl fluorides from readily available precursors, as well as the cyclic ones that are otherwise inaccessible using prior methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
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34
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Niu C, Yang J, Yan K, Xie J, Jiang W, Li B, Wen J. Electrochemical ammonium-cation-assisted pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles via dual-proton-coupled electron transfer. iScience 2022; 25:104253. [PMID: 35521512 PMCID: PMC9062347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward and practical strategy for pyridylation of inert N-heterocycles, enabled by ammonium cation and electrochemical, has been described. This protocol gives access to various N-fused heterocycles and bidentate nitrogen ligand compounds, through dual-proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and radical cross-coupling in the absence of exogenous metal and redox reagent. It features broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance, and easy gram-scale synthesis. Various experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show the mechanism of dual PCET followed by radical cross-coupling is the preferred pathway. Moreover, ammonium salt plays the dual role of protonation reagent and electrolyte in this conversion, and the resulting product 9-(pyridin-4-yl)acridine compound can be used for fluorescence recognition of Fe2+ and Pd2+ with high sensitivity. Electrochemical NH4+-assisted dual PCET followed by the radical cross-coupling Straightforward and practical synthetic route for N-fused heterocycles Fluorescence recognition of Fe2+ and Pd2+ with high-sensitivity
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35
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Watanabe A, Hama K, Watanabe K, Fujiwara Y, Yokoyama K, Murata S, Takita R. Controlled Tetradeuteration of Straight‐Chain Fatty Acids: Synthesis, Application, and Insight into the Metabolism of Oxidized Linoleic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Watanabe
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (ACRO) Teikyo University Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Shigeo Murata
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ryo Takita
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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36
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Ou W, Qiu C, Su C. Photo- and electro-catalytic deuteration of feedstock chemicals and pharmaceuticals: A review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Kopf S, Bourriquen F, Li W, Neumann H, Junge K, Beller M. Recent Developments for the Deuterium and Tritium Labeling of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6634-6718. [PMID: 35179363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds labeled with hydrogen isotopes play a crucial role in numerous areas, from materials science to medicinal chemistry. Indeed, while the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium gives rise to improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in drugs and enables the preparation of internal standards for analytical mass spectrometry, the use of tritium-labeled compounds is a key technique all along drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, the interest in new methodologies for the isotopic enrichment of organic molecules and the extent of their applications are equally rising. In this regard, this Review intends to comprehensively discuss the new developments in this area over the last years (2017-2021). Notably, besides the fundamental hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions and the use of isotopically labeled analogues of common organic reagents, a plethora of reductive and dehalogenative deuteration techniques and other transformations with isotope incorporation are emerging and are now part of the labeling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Wu Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Xu L, Ma Z, Hu X, Zhang X, Gao S, Liang D, Wang B, Li W, Li Y. Electroreductive synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyridin-2-ones from acetoacetanilides and carbon disulfide with oxygen evolution. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1013-1018. [PMID: 35043137 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A chemical reductant or a sacrificial electron donor is required in any reduction reactions, generally resulting in undesired chemical waste. Herein, we report a reductant-free reductive [3 + 2 + 1] annulation of β-keto amides with CS2 enabled by the synergy of electro/copper/base using water as an innocuous anodic sacrifice with O2 as a sustainable by-product. This electrochemical protocol is mild and provides access to polyfunctionalized pyridin-2-ones from simple starting materials in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Zhongxiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Xi Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Shulin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Deqiang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Baoling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Weili Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
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39
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Buckley BR. Electrosynthetic routes toward carbon dioxide activation and utilization. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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40
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Norcott PL. Current Electrochemical Approaches to Selective Deuteration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2944-2953. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00344a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective deuteration of organic molecules through electrochemistry is proving to be an effective alternative to conventional 2H labelling strategies, which traditionally require high temperatures, high pressures of deuterium gas...
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41
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Ma X, Zhu Y, Yu J, Yan R, Xie X, Huang L, Wang Q, Chang XP, Xu Q. Water oxidation by Brønsted acid-catalyzed in situ generated thiol cation: dual function of the acid catalyst leading to transition metal-free substitution and addition reactions of S-S bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented water oxidation reaction by a small organic molecule, i.e., the thiol cation generated in situ by Brønsted acid-catalyzed heterolytic cleavage of S-S bond of a disulfide, is observed...
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42
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Zhang S, gao W, Shi J, Li J, Li F, Liang Y, Zhan X, Li MB. Regioselective Umpolung Addition of Dicyanobenzene to α,β-Unsaturated Alkenes Enabled by Electrochemical Reduction. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01852c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An umpolung addition of dicyanobenzene to α,β-unsaturated alkenes has been developed with an electroreductive strategy. This electrochemical protocol is well compatible with broad range of conventionally challenging substrates, including α,β-unsaturated...
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43
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Yang J, Ma J, Yan K, Tian L, Li B, Wen J. Electrochemical Ammonium Cation‐Assisted Hydropyridylation of Ketone‐Activated Alkenes: Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Studies. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Laijin Tian
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwen Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics Institute of Biophysics Dezhou University Dezhou 253023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
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Chen D, Nie X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Huang S, Liao S. Electrochemical Oxo-Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes under Air: Facile Access to β-Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27271-27276. [PMID: 34729882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Radical fluorosulfonylation is emerging as an appealing approach for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides, which have widespread applications in many fields, in particular in the context of chemical biology and drug development. Here, we report the first investigation of FSO2 radical generation under electrochemical conditions, and the establishment of a new and facile approach for the synthesis of β-keto sulfonyl fluorides via oxo-fluorosulfonylation of alkynes with sulfuryl chlorofluoride as the radical precursor and air as the oxidant. This electrochemical protocol is amenable to access two different products (β-keto sulfonyl fluorides or α-chloro-β-keto sulfonyl fluorides) with the same reactants. The β-keto sulfonyl fluoride products can be utilized as useful building blocks in the synthesis of various derivatives and heterocycles, including the first synthesis of an oxathiazole dioxide compound. Furthermore, some β-keto sulfonyl fluorides and derivatives exhibited notably potent activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Chen D, Nie X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Huang S, Liao S. Electrochemical Oxo‐Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes under Air: Facile Access to β‐Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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46
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Wang D, Wan Z, Zhang H, Alhumade H, Yi H, Lei A. Electrochemical Reductive Arylation of Nitroarenes with Arylboronic Acids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5399-5404. [PMID: 34581006 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of diarylamine is extremely important in organic chemistry. Herein, a novel electrochemical reductive arylation of nitroarenes with arylboronic acids was developed. A variety of diarylamines were synthesized without the need for transition-metal catalysts. The reaction could be scaled up efficiently in a flow cell and several derivatization reactions were carried out smoothly. Cyclic voltammetry experiments and mechanism studies showed that acetonitrile, formic acid, and triethyl phosphite all played a role in promoting this reductive arylation transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohua Wan
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hesham Alhumade
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jdedah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jdedah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Yi
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- King Abdulaziz University, Jdedah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Shi A, Sun K, Chen X, Qu L, Zhao Y, Yu B. Perovskite as Recyclable Photocatalyst for Annulation Reaction of N-Sulfonyl Ketimines. Org Lett 2021; 24:299-303. [PMID: 34914402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable and cost-effective manner for the photocatalytic annulation reaction of N-sulfonyl ketimines with N-arylglycines to synthesize imidazolidine-fused sulfamidates (31 examples) by employing CsPbBr3 as a heterogeneous photocatalyst has been developed. The catalyst CsPbBr3 can be simply recovered from the reaction mixture and reused at least five times without an obvious reduction in its photocatalytic reactivity, exhibiting a high catalyst economic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzai Shi
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road No. 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road No. 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road No. 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road No. 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road No. 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Road No. 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhang X, Jiang R, Cheng X. Electrochemical Tandem Olefination and Hydrogenation Reaction with Ammonia. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16016-16025. [PMID: 34342230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons/hydrogenation tandem reaction was achieved using ammonia as electron and proton donors. The reaction could give two-carbon-elongated ester and nitrile from aldehyde or ketones directly. This reaction could proceed with a catalytic amount of base or even without a base. The ammonia provides both the electron and proton for this tandem reaction and enables the catalyst-free hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated HWE intermediate. More than 40 examples were reported, and functional groups, including heterocycles and hydroxyl, were tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runze Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Yang J, Qin H, Yan K, Cheng X, Wen J. Advances in Electrochemical Hydrogenation Since 2010. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Cheng
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University, Qufu Shandong 273165 People's Republic of China
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50
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Water-involving transfer hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles over a bifunctional MoNi4 electrode. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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