1
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Islam M, Baroi MK, Das BK, Kumari A, Das K, Ahmed S. Chemically fueled dynamic switching between assembly-encoded emissions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3104-3114. [PMID: 38687299 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides access to non-covalently synthesized supramolecular materials with distinct properties from a single building block. However, dynamic switching between functional states still remains challenging, but holds enormous potential in material chemistry to design smart materials. Herein, we demonstrate a chemical fuel-mediated strategy to dynamically switch between two distinctly emissive aggregates, originating from the self-assembly of a naphthalimide-appended peptide building block. A molecularly dissolved building block shows very weak blue emission, whereas, in the assembled state (Agg-1), it shows cyan emission through π stacking-mediated excimer emission. The addition of a chemical fuel, ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC), converts the terminal aspartic acid present in the building block to an intra-molecularly cyclized anhydride in situ forming a second aggregated state, Agg-2, by changing the molecular packing, thereby transforming the emission to strong blue. Interestingly, the anhydride gets hydrolyzed gradually to reform Agg-1 and the initial cyan emission is restored. The kinetic stability of the strong blue emissive aggregate, Agg-2, can be regulated by the added concentration of the chemical fuel. Moreover, we expand the scope of this system within an agarose gel matrix, which allows us to gain spatiotemporal control over the properties, thereby producing a self-erasable writing system where the chemical fuel acts as the ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manirul Islam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Malay Kumar Baroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aanchal Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Krishnendu Das
- Department of Molecules and Materials & MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
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2
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Kotha S, Sahu R, Chandrakant Yadav A, Bejagam KK, Reddy SK, Venkata Rao K. Pathway Selection in Temporal Evolution of Supramolecular Polymers of Ionic π-Systems: Amphiphilic Organic Solvent Dictates the Fate of Water. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303813. [PMID: 38648278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding solvent-solute interactions is essential to designing and synthesising soft materials with tailor-made functions. Although the interaction of the solute with the solvent mixture is more complex than the single solvent medium, solvent mixtures are exciting to unfold several unforeseen phenomena in supramolecular chemistry. Here, we report two unforeseen pathways observed during the hierarchical assembly of cationic perylene diimides (cPDIs) in water and amphiphilic organic solvent (AOS) mixtures. When the aqueous supramolecular polymers (SPs) of cPDIs are injected into AOS, initially kinetically trapped short SPs are formed, which gradually transform into thermodynamically stable high aspect ratio SP networks. Using various experimental and theoretical investigations, we found that this temporal evolution follows two distinct pathways depending on the nature of the water-AOS interactions. If the AOS is isopropanol (IPA), water is released from cPDIs into bulk IPA due to strong hydrogen bonding interactions, which further decreases the monomer concentration of cPDIs (Pathway-1). In the case of dioxane AOS, cPDI monomer concentration further increases as water is retained among cPDIs (Pathway-2) due to relatively weak interactions between dioxane and water. Interestingly, these two pathways are accelerated by external stimuli such as heat and mechanical agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Rahul Sahu
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Aditya Chandrakant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Karteek K Bejagam
- Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105, USA
| | - Sandeep K Reddy
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
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3
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Atienza CM, Sánchez L. Increasing Dimensionality in Self-Assembly: Toward Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400379. [PMID: 38525912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Different approaches to achieve 2D supramolecular polymers, as an alternative to the covalent bottom-up approaches reported for the preparation of 2D materials, are reviewed. The significance of the operation of weak non-covalent forces to induce a lateral growth of a number of self-assembling units is collected. The examples of both thermodynamically and kinetically controlled formation of 2D supramolecular polymers showed in this review demonstrate the utility of this strategy to achieve new 2D materials with biased morphologies (nanosheets, scrolls, porous surfaces) and showing elegant applications like chiral recognition, enantioselective uptake or asymmetric organic transformations. Furthermore, elaborated techniques like seeded or living supramolecular polymerizations have been demonstrated to give rise to complex 2D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Atienza
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
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4
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Schwalb AJ, García F, Sánchez L. Electronically and geometrically complementary perylenediimides for kinetically controlled supramolecular copolymers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8137-8144. [PMID: 38817561 PMCID: PMC11134332 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01322k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3,4,9,10-benzo[d,e]isoquinolino[1,8-g,h]quinoline-tetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) 1 endowed with peripheral trialkoxybenzamide fragments is reported and its self-assembling features investigated. The peripheral benzamide moieties generate metastable monomeric species that afford a kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization. The electron-withdrawing character of 1 in comparison with previously reported PDIs 2, together with the similar geometry, makes this dye an optimal candidate to perform seeded supramolecular copolymerization yielding four different supramolecular block copolymers. Whilst heteropolymers poly-1-co-2a, poly-2a-co-1 and poly-1-co-2b present an H-type arrangement of the monomeric units, heteropolymer poly-2b-co-1, prepared by seeding the chiral, metastable monomers of 2b with achiral seeds of 1, produces chiral, J-type aggregates. Interestingly, the monosignated CD signal of pristine poly-2b changes to a bisignated CD signal most probably due to the formation of columnar domains around the seeds of 1 which implies the blocky nature of the supramolecular copolymers formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Schwalb
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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5
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Yao Y, Sun X, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yang X, Ding D, Gao X. Azulene-Containing Bis(squaraine) Dyes: Design, Synthesis and Aggregation Behaviors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400474. [PMID: 38456559 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The relationship among chemical structure, physicochemical property and aggregation behavior of organic functional material is an important research topic. Here, we designed and synthesized three bis(squaraine) dyes BSQ1, BSQ2 and BSQ3 through the combination of two kinds of unsymmetrical azulenyl squaraine monomers. Their physicochemical properties were investigated in both molecular and aggregate states. Generally, BSQ1 displayed different assembly behaviors from BSQ2 and BSQ3. Upon fabrication into nanoparticles, BSQ1 tend to form J-aggregates while BSQ2 and BSQ3 tend to form H-aggregates in aqueous medium. When in the form of thin films, three bis(squaraine) dyes all adopted J-aggregation packing modes while only BSQ1 presented the most significant rearrangement of aggregate structures as well as the improvement in the carrier mobilities upon thermal annealing. Our research highlights the discrepancy of aggregation behaviors originating from the molecular structure and surrounding circumstances, providing guidance for the molecular design and functional applications of squaraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zuyuan Zhang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haoyun Yu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xike Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
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6
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Kotha S, Sahu R, Yadav AC, Sharma P, Kumar BVVSP, Reddy SK, Rao KV. Noncovalent synthesis of homo and hetero-architectures of supramolecular polymers via secondary nucleation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3672. [PMID: 38693145 PMCID: PMC11063220 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of supramolecular polymers with controlled architecture is a grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Although living supramolecular polymerization via primary nucleation has been extensively studied for controlling the supramolecular polymerization of small molecules, the resulting supramolecular polymers have typically exhibited one-dimensional morphology. In this report, we present the synthesis of intriguing supramolecular polymer architectures through a secondary nucleation event, a mechanism well-established in protein aggregation and the crystallization of small molecules. To achieve this, we choose perylene diimide with 2-ethylhexyl chains at the imide position as they are capable of forming dormant monomers in solution. Activating these dormant monomers via mechanical stimuli and hetero-seeding using propoxyethyl perylene diimide seeds, secondary nucleation event takes over, leading to the formation of three-dimensional spherical spherulites and scarf-like supramolecular polymer heterostructures, respectively. Therefore, the results presented in this study propose a simple molecular design for synthesizing well-defined supramolecular polymer architectures via secondary nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Rahul Sahu
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Aditya Chandrakant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B V V S Pavan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep K Reddy
- Centre for Computational and Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502284, India.
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7
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Guang L, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Liao R, Wang F. Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence of Benzils Achieved by Chiral Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315362. [PMID: 38117012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In current approaches for circularly polarized phosphorescent materials, the crystallization of chiral phosphors suffers from poor processability, while integrating them into an amorphous polymer matrix results in unsatisfactory chiroptical signals due to the absence of chirality communication. Here, we have developed an innovative strategy through chiral supramolecular polymerization of benzil phosphors facilitated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The inherent film-forming capabilities of non-covalent supramolecular polymers obviate the need for an external polymer matrix. The pronounced helical asymmetry of benzil phosphors resulting from chiral supramolecular polymerization leads to enhanced circularly polarized phosphorescence compared to their non-hydrogen-bonded counterparts. The circularly polarized phosphorescent signals can be further modulated by varying the location of stereogenic centers or introducing halogen bonding to benzils. Incorporation of platinum(II) phosphor into the benzil supramolecular polymers induces both chirality and triplet-to-triplet energy transfer, leading to a change in circularly polarized phosphorescent color from yellow to red. In summary, chiral supramolecular polymerization of phosphors represents a novel and effective approach to circularly polarized phosphorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Guang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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8
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Du S, Jiang Y, Jiang H, Zhang L, Liu M. Pathway-Dependent Self-Assembly for Control over Helical Nanostructures and Topochemical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316863. [PMID: 38116831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathway-dependent self-assembly, in which a single building block forms two or more types of self-assembled nanostructures, is an important topic due to its mimic to the complexity in biology and manipulation of diverse supramolecular materials. Here, we report a pathway-dependent self-assembly using chiral glutamide derivatives (L or D-PAG), which form chiral nanotwist and nanotube through a cooperative slow cooling and an isodesmic fast cooling process, respectively. Furthermore, pathway-dependent self-assembly can be harnessed to control over the supramolecular co-assembly of PAG with a luminophore β-DCS or a photopolymerizable PCDA. Fast cooling leads to the co-assembled PAG/β-DCS nanotube exhibiting green circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), while slow cooling to nanofiber with blue CPL. Additionally, fast cooling process promotes the photopolymerization of PCDA into a red chiral polymer, whereas slow cooling inhibits the polymerization. This work not only demonstrates the pathway-dependent control over structural characteristics but also highlights the diverse functions emerged from the different assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Du
- National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hejin Jiang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Greciano EE, Schwalb AJ, Sánchez L. Effect of chirality in the supramolecular polymerization of N-annulated perylenediimides: Cancelling pathway complexity. Chirality 2024; 36:e23639. [PMID: 38384148 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of two chiral NPBIs, (S)-1 and (R)-1, is reported and their self-assembling features investigated. The reported NPBIs form chiral supramolecular polymers with a rich dichroic pattern by the π-stacking of the aromatic backbones and the formation of an array of H-bonds between the amide functional groups. Furthermore, the peripheral 3,4,5-trialkoxy benzamide groups can form seven-membered pseudocycles by the intramolecular H-bonding interaction between the NH of the peripheral amides and one of the carbonyls of the imide units thus yielding a kinetically controlled self-assembly process. Unlike achiral NPBI 1, that has been reported to form up to four supramolecular polymorphs, the reported chiral NPBIs form only a J-type aggregated species. The results presented herein reveal how subtle changes exert an enormous influence on the supramolecular polymerization outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Greciano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso J Schwalb
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Zhang J, Shi Z, Liu K, Shi Q, Yi L, Wang J, Peng L, Liu T, Ma M, Fang Y. Fast and Selective Luminescent Sensing by Langmuir-Schaeffer Films Based on Controlled Assembly of Perylene Bisimide Modified with A Cyclometalated Au III Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314996. [PMID: 37965846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensed films of functional luminophores dominated by the magnitude and dimensionality of the intermolecular interactions play important roles in sensing performance. However, controlling the molecular assembly and regulating photophysical properties remain challenging. In this study, a new luminophore, ortho-PBI-Au, was synthesized by anchoring a cyclometalated alkynyl-gold(III) unit at the ortho-position of perylene bisimide. An unprecedented T-type packing model driven by weak Au-π interaction and Au-H bonds was observed, laying foundation for striking properties of the luminophore. Controlled assembly of ortho-PBI-Au at the air-water interface, realized using the classical Langmuir-Schaeffer technique, afforded the obtained luminescent films with different packing structures. With an optimized film, sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of a hazardous new psychoactive substance, phenylethylamine (PEA), was achieved. The detection limit, response time, and recovery time were <4 ppb, <1 s, and <5 s, respectively, surpassing the performance of the PEA sensors known thus far. The relationship between the characters of films and the sensing performance was systematically examined by grey relational analysis (GRA). The present study suggests that designing novel molecular aggregation with definite adlayer structure is a crucial strategy to enhance the sensing performance, which could be favorable for the film-based fluorescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Shi
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710019, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lingya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Miao Ma
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710019, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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11
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Abstract
As an active branch within the field of supramolecular polymers, chiral supramolecular polymers (SPs) are an excellent benchmark to generate helical structures that can clarify the origin of homochirality in Nature or help determine new exciting functionalities of organic materials. Herein, we highlight the most utilized strategies to build up chiral SPs by using chiral monomeric units or external stimuli. Selected examples of transfer of asymmetry, in which the point or axial chirality contained by the monomeric units is efficiently transferred to the supramolecular scaffold yielding enantioenriched helical structures, will be presented. The importance of the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with those processes is stressed, especially the influence that parameters such as the helix reversal and mismatch penalties exert on the achievement of amplification of asymmetry in co-assembled systems will also be considered. Remarkable examples of breaking symmetry, in which chiral supramolecular polymers can be attained from achiral self-assembling units by applying external stimuli like stirring, solvent or light, are highlighted. Finally, the specific and promising applications of chiral supramolecular polymers are presented with recent relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Naranjo C, Doncel-Giménez A, Gómez R, Aragó J, Ortí E, Sánchez L. Solvent-dependent self-assembly of N-annulated perylene diimides. From dimers to supramolecular polymers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9900-9909. [PMID: 37736635 PMCID: PMC10510848 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03372d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and self-assembling features of the N-annulated perylene diimide (NPBI) 1 in different solvents are reported. Compound 1 possesses two chiral linkers, derived from (S)-(+)-alaninol, that connect the central aromatic NPBI segment and the peripheral trialkoxybenzamide units. The Ala-based linker has been demonstrated to strongly favor the formation of intramolecularly H-bonded seven-membered pseudocycles. NPBI 1 shows a strong tendency to self-assemble even in a good solvent like CHCl3 and the formation of chiral dimers is detected in this good solvent. Both experimental techniques and theoretical calculations reveal that the intramolecular H-bonded pseudocycles are very robust and the formation of chiral dimers is driven by the π-stacking of two units of the NPBI core. Unexpectedly, an efficient transfer of the asymmetry of the point chirality at the linker to the aromatic moiety is observed in the molecularly dissolved state. Changing the solvent to more apolar methylcyclohexane modifies the self-assembly process and the formation of chiral supramolecular polymers is detected. The supramolecular polymerization of 1 is demonstrated to follow an isodesmic mechanism unlike previous referable systems. In the formation of the supramolecular polymers of 1, the combination of experimental and computational data indicates that the H-bonded pseudocycles are also present in the aggregated state and the rope-like, columnar aggregates formed by the self-assembly of 1 rely on the π-stacking of the NPBI backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Azahara Doncel-Giménez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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13
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Wang F, Liao R, Wang F. Pathway Control of π-Conjugated Supramolecular Polymers by Incorporating Donor-Acceptor Functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305827. [PMID: 37431813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale orientation of π-conjugated systems remains challenging due to the complexity of multiple energy landscapes involved in the supramolecular assembly process. In this study, we have developed an effective strategy for programming the pathways of π-conjugated supramolecular polymers, by incorporating both electron-rich methoxy- or methanthiol-benzene as donor unit and electron-poor cyano-vinylenes as acceptor units on the monomeric structure. It leads to the formation of parallel-stacked supramolecular polymers as the metastable species through homomeric donor/acceptor packing, which convert to slip-stacked supramolecular polymers as the thermodynamically stable species facilitated by heteromeric donor-acceptor packing. By further investigating the external seed-induced kinetic-to-thermodynamic transformation behaviors, our findings suggest that the donor-acceptor functionality on the seed structure is crucial for accelerating pathway conversion. This is achieved by eliminating the initial lag phase in the supramolecular polymerization process. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into designing molecular structures that control aggregation pathways of π-conjugated nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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14
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Ogi S, Takamatsu A, Matsumoto K, Hasegawa S, Yamaguchi S. Biomimetic Design of a Robustly Stabilized Folded State Enabling Seed-Initiated Supramolecular Polymerization under Microfluidic Mixing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306428. [PMID: 37332181 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the folding and assembly behavior of a cystine-based dimeric diamide bearing pyrene units and solubilizing alkyl chains. In low-polarity solvents, it forms a 14-membered ring through double intramolecular hydrogen bonds between two diamide units. The spectroscopic studies revealed that the folded state is thermodynamically unstable and eventually transforms into more energetically stable helical supramolecular polymers that show an enhanced chiral excitonic coupling between the transition dipoles of the pyrene units. Importantly, compared to an alanine-based monomeric diamide, the dimeric diamide exhibits a superior kinetic stability in the metastable folded state, as well as an increased thermodynamic stability in the aggregated state. Accordingly, the initiation of supramolecular polymerization can be regulated using a seeding method even under microfluidic mixing conditions. Furthermore, taking advantage of a self-sorting behavior observed in a mixture of l-cysteine- and d-cysteine-based dimeric diamides, a two-step supramolecular polymerization was achieved by stepwise addition of the corresponding seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Aiko Takamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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15
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Song D, Li M, Liao L, Guo L, Liu H, Wang B, Li Z. High-Crystallinity BiOCl Nanosheets as Efficient Photocatalysts for Norfloxacin Antibiotic Degradation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1841. [PMID: 37368271 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysts are essential materials in the field of environmental remediation. Various photocatalysts have been developed to solve the contamination problem of norfloxacin in water pollution. Among them, a crucial ternary photocatalyst, BiOCl, has attracted extensive attention due to its unique layered structure. In this work, high-crystallinity BiOCl nanosheets were prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained BiOCl nanosheets showed good photocatalytic degradation performance, and the degradation rate of highly toxic norfloxacin using BiOCl reached 84% within 180 min. The internal structure and surface chemical state of BiOCl were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-vis), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and photoelectric techniques. The higher crystallinity of BiOCl closely aligned molecules with each other, which improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and showed high degradation efficiency for norfloxacin antibiotics. Furthermore, the obtained BiOCl nanosheets possess decent photocatalytic stability and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lijun Liao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhenzi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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16
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Xie L, Guo R, Yang L, Ozaki Y, Noda I, Xu Y, Huang K. A new approach to recognizing the correct pattern of cross-peaks from a noisy 2D asynchronous spectrum by detecting intrinsic symmetry via the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12863-12871. [PMID: 37165857 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic cluster pattern of cross-peaks in a 2D asynchronous spectrum provides an effective way to reveal the specific physicochemical nature of subtle spectral changes caused by intermolecular interactions. However, the inevitable presence of noise in the 1D spectra used to construct a 2D asynchronous spectrum is significantly amplified, which poses a serious challenge in identifying the correct cluster pattern of the cross-peaks. While mirror symmetry occurs in some types of cross-peaks, it does not occur in other types. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test provides a statistical means to check whether the mirror symmetry exists or not between a pair of cross-peaks covered by heavy noise. Thus, different types of cross-peak clusters can be distinguished by excavating intrinsic spectral features from the noisy 2D asynchronous spectrum. The effectiveness of this approach in investigating the nature of intermolecular interactions was showcased in both a simulated model system and a real artemisinin/N-methyl pyrrolidone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen Xie
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ran Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Beijing CKC, PerkinElmer Inc., Beijing 100015, P. R. China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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17
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Naranjo C, Adalid S, Gómez R, Sánchez L. Modulating the Differentiation of Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Polymerizations through the Alkyl Bridge Length. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218572. [PMID: 36735857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and self-assembling features of N-annulated perylenebisimides (N-PBIs) 2-4 are reported and compared with the complex self-assembly of N-PBI 1. The studies presented herein demonstrate that increasing the length of the alkyl spacer separating the central aromatic core of the dye and the peripheral side chains cancels the differentiation on the corresponding supramolecular polymerization. Thus, only 2 is able to form two different supramolecular polymorphs. The formation of kinetically trapped monomeric species is observed for all the N-PBIs 2-4. These metastable species, constituted by intramolecularly H-bonded pseudocycles of 7, 8, 9, or 10 members for compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, provoke kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerizations that can be accelerated by the addition of seeds. The results presented herein shed light on the intricate process of differentiation in self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Adalid
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
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18
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Sun Y, Jiang Y, Jiang J, Li T, Liu M. Keto-form directed hierarchical chiral self-assembly of Schiff base derivatives with amplified circularly polarized luminescence. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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19
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Li Z, Xiao K, Wan Q, Tang R, Low KH, Cui X, Che CM. Controlled Self-assembly of Gold(I) Complexes by Multiple Kinetic Aggregation States with Nonlinear Optical and Waveguide Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216523. [PMID: 36484771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of multiple kinetic aggregation states (Aggs) into the self-assembly pathway could bring complexity and flexibility to the self-assemblies, which is difficult to realize due to the delicate equilibria established among different Aggs bonded by weak noncovalent interactions. Here, we describe a series of chiral and achiral d10 AuI bis(N-heterocyclic carbene, NHC) complexes, and the achiral complex could undergo self-assembly with multiple kinetic Aggs. Generation of multiple kinetic Aggs was realized by applying chiral or achiral seeds exhibiting large differences in elongation temperatures for their respective cooperative self-assembly processes. We further showed that the chiral AuI self-assemblies having non-centrosymmetric packing forms exhibit nonlinear optical response of second harmonic generation (SHG), while the SHG signal is absent in the achiral analogue. The crystalline achiral AuI self-assemblies could function as optical waveguides with strong emission polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshang Li
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited Units 909-915, Building 17W, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Bäumer N, Castellanos E, Soberats B, Fernández G. Bioinspired crowding directs supramolecular polymerisation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1084. [PMID: 36841784 PMCID: PMC9968348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crowding effects are crucial to maintaining functionality in biological systems, but little is known about their role in analogous artificial counterparts. Within the growing field of supramolecular polymer science, crowding effects have hitherto remained underappreciated. Herein, we show that crowding effects exhibit strong and distinct control over the kinetics, accessible pathways and final outcomes of supramolecular polymerisation processes. In the presence of a pre-formed supramolecular polymer as crowding agent, a model supramolecular polymer dramatically changes its self-assembly behaviour and undergoes a morphological transformation from bundled fibres into flower-like hierarchical assemblies, despite no co-assembly taking place. Notably, this new pathway can only be accessed in crowded environments and when the crowding agent exhibits a one-dimensional morphology. These results allow accessing diverse morphologies and properties in supramolecular polymers and pave the way towards a better understanding of high-precision self-assembly in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bäumer
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster, Organisch Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eduardo Castellanos
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Spain
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- grid.9563.90000 0001 1940 4767Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Spain
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster, Organisch Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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21
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Bujosa S, Doncel‐Giménez A, Bäumer N, Fernández G, Ortí E, Costa A, Rotger C, Aragó J, Soberats B. Thermoreversible Polymorph Transitions in Supramolecular Polymers of Hydrogen-Bonded Squaramides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213345. [PMID: 36178740 PMCID: PMC9828658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded squaramide (SQ) supramolecular polymers exhibit uncommon thermoreversible polymorph transitions between particle- and fiber-like nanostructures. SQs 1-3, with different steric bulk, self-assemble in solution into particles (AggI) upon cooling to 298 K, and SQs 1 and 2, with only one dendronic group, show a reversible transformation into fibers (AggII) by further decreasing the temperature to 288 K. Nano-DSC and UV/Vis studies on SQ 1 reveal a concentration-dependent transition temperature and ΔH for the AggI-to-AggII conversion, while the kinetic studies on SQ 2 indicate the on-pathway nature of the polymorph transition. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies reveal that these transitions are triggered by the molecular reorganization of the SQ units changing from slipped to head-to-tail hydrogen bonding patterns. This work unveils the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of reversible polymorph transitions that are of interest to develop stimuli-responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Bujosa
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Azahara Doncel‐Giménez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán, 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán, 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Carmen Rotger
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)Universidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático José Beltrán, 246980PaternaSpain
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de les Illes BalearsCra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
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22
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López-Gandul L, Naranjo C, Sánchez C, Rodríguez R, Gómez R, Crassous J, Sánchez L. Stereomutation and chiroptical bias in the kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization of cyano-luminogens. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11577-11584. [PMID: 36320383 PMCID: PMC9555562 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two pairs of enantiomeric cyano-luminogens 1 and 2, in which the central chromophore is a p-phenylene or a 2,5-dithienylbenzene moiety, respectively, is described and their supramolecular polymerization under kinetic and thermodynamic control investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 form supramolecular polymers by quadruple H-bonding arrays between the amide groups and the π-stacking of the central aromatic moieties. In addition, the peripheral benzamide units are able to form intramolecularly H-bonded pseudocycles that behave as metastable monomer M* thus affording kinetically and thermodynamically controlled aggregated species AggI and AggII. The chiroptical and emissive features of compounds 1 and 2 strongly depend on the aggregation state and the nature of the central aromatic unit. Compounds 1 exhibit a bisignated dichroic response of different intensity but with similar sign for both AggI1 and AggII1 species, which suggests the formation of helical aggregates. In fact, these helical supramolecular polymers can be visualized by AFM imaging. Furthermore, both AggI and AggII species formed by the self-assembly of compounds 1 show CPL (circularly polarized light) activity of opposite sign depending on the aggregation state. Thienyl-derivatives 2 display dissimilar chiroptical, morphological and emissive characteristics for the corresponding kinetically and thermodynamically controlled aggregated species AggI and AggII in comparison to those registered for compounds 1. Thus, a stereomutation phenomenon is observed in the AggI2 → AggII2 conversion. In addition, AggI2 is arranged into nanoparticles that evolve to helical aggregates to afford AggII2. The dissimilar chiroptical and morphological features of AggI2 and AggII2 are also appreciated in the emissive properties. Thus, whilst AggI2 experiences a clear AIE (aggregation induced emission) process and CPL activity, the thermodynamically controlled AggII2 undergoes an ACQ (aggregation caused quenching) process in which the CPL activity is cancelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Gandul
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cecilia Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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23
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Chen M, Wang H, Li E, Li X, Shi T. Hierarchically supramolecular polymerization of anthraquinone dye to chiral aggregates via 2D-monolayered nanosheets: the unanticipated role of pathway complexity. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14052-14056. [PMID: 36134624 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An anthraquinone dye underwent supramolecular polymerization, affording 2D-monolayered nanosheets in a kinetically controlled state. The nanosheets then transformed into hierarchically chiral aggregates in a thermodynamically controlled step. The unanticipated role played by pathway complexity was clearly unravelled in this work, highlighting the diversified pathways in the supramolecular polymerization of various building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Houchen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Enhui Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Xueru Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
| | - Tiesheng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong Prov., China.
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24
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Shi W, Wei R, Zhang D, Meng L, Xie J, Cai K, Zhao D. Dual Cooperatively Grown J‐aggregates with Different Nucleus Size. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208635. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Rong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Linghao Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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25
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Hogan DT, Sutherland TC. Multiple aggregates from multiple polymorphs: structural and mechanistic insight into organic dye aggregates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10327-10334. [PMID: 35822504 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This case study provides evidence for the appearance of multiple aggregation forms of a single organic dye, arising from its packing polymorphs in the solid state. Each aggregate can be spectroscopically matched to one polymorph, acquiring nanoscopic structural information even in the absence of conventional H- or J-type aggregation spectral features. The conversion from one polymorphic aggregate to another supports the action of Ostwald's rule of stages in organic aggregates suspended in solution. Mechanistically, dye molecules from one aggregate dissociate then renucleate the more stable aggregate form, the first demonstration for an aggregation-induced emission-active organic dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Todd C Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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26
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Shi W, Wei R, Zhang D, Meng L, Xie J, Cai K, Zhao D. Dual Cooperatively Grown J‐aggregates with Different Nucleus Size. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shi
- Peking University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Rong Wei
- Peking University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Di Zhang
- Peking University college of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Jiajun Xie
- Peking University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Kang Cai
- Nankai University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering College of ChemistryPeking University 100871 Beijing CHINA
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27
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Matern J, Fernández Z, Bäumer N, Fernández G. Expanding the Scope of Metastable Species in Hydrogen Bonding‐Directed Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203783. [PMID: 35362184 PMCID: PMC9321731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We reveal unique hydrogen (H‐) bonding patterns and exploit them to control the kinetics, pathways and length of supramolecular polymers (SPs). New bisamide‐containing monomers were designed to elucidate the role of competing intra‐ vs. intermolecular H‐bonding interactions on the kinetics of supramolecular polymerization (SP). Remarkably, two polymerization‐inactive metastable states were discovered. Contrary to previous examples, the commonly assumed intramolecularly H‐bonded monomer does not evolve into intermolecularly H‐bonded SPs via ring opening, but rather forms a metastable dimer. In this dimer, all H‐bonding sites are saturated, either intra‐ or intermolecularly, hampering elongation. The dimers exhibit an advantageous preorganization, which upon opening of the intramolecular portion of the H‐bonding motif facilitates SP in a consecutive process. The retardation of spontaneous self‐assembly as a result of two metastable states enables length control in SP by seed‐mediated growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Matern
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Zulema Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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28
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Datta S, Chaudhuri D. Reversible Supramolecular Polymorphism in Solution and Solid Matrix by Manipulating Sidegroup Conformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201956. [PMID: 35180328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reversible switching between supramolecular polymorphs offers a great way to introduce stimuli-responsiveness. Supramolecular polymorphism is usually achieved through pathway complexity, or by exploiting solvent-solute interactions. But, steering a self-assembly along a specific pathway to form a kinetically-stable aggregate is not easy. Also, changing solvent to switch between polymorphs is impractical. We present a perylene bisimide molecule with a trans-azobenzene sidegroup that assembles into three supramolecular polymorphs with distinct colors, morphologies, packing and aggregation mechanism. Optical absorption and FTIR spectroscopy reveal the importance of hydrogen-bonding interaction between protic solvent and azo N that controls the planarity of the azobenzene group and influences molecular packing. This interaction can be further modulated using temperature, and solution pH to reversibly switch between the three polymorphs, in solution as well as in solid silica-gel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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29
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Tan M, Takeuchi M, Takai A. Spatiotemporal dynamics of supramolecular polymers by in situ quantitative catalyst-free hydroamination. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4413-4423. [PMID: 35509456 PMCID: PMC9006958 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing chemical reactivity into synthetic supramolecular polymers based on π-conjugated molecules has been of great interest to create functional materials with spatiotemporal dynamic properties. However, the development of an in situ chemical reaction within supramolecular polymers is still in its infancy, because one needs to design optimal π-conjugated monomers having excellent reactivity under mild conditions possibly without byproducts or a catalyst. Herein we report the synthesis of a supramolecular polymer based on ethynyl core-substituted naphthalenediimide (S-NDI2) molecules that react with various amines quantitatively in a nonpolar solvent, without a catalyst, at 298 K. Most interestingly, the in situ reaction of the S-NDI2 supramolecular polymer with a linear aliphatic diamine proceeded much faster than the homogeneous reaction of a monomeric naphthalenediimide with the same diamine, affording diamine-linked S-NDI2 oligomers and polymers. The acceleration of in situ hydroamination was presumably due to rapid intra-supramolecular cross-linking between ethynyl and amino groups fixed in close proximity within the supramolecular polymer. Such intra-supramolecular cross-linking did not occur efficiently with an incompatible diamine. The systematic kinetic studies of in situ catalyst-free hydroamination within supramolecular polymers provide us with a useful, facile and versatile tool kit for designing dynamic supramolecular polymeric materials based on electron-deficient π-conjugated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Tan
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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30
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Matern J, Fernandez Z, Bäumer N, Fernandez G. Expanding the Scope of Metastable Species in Hydrogen Bonding‐Directed Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Matern
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Zulema Fernandez
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Nils Bäumer
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Gustavo Fernandez
- WWU Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Correnstraße, 4ß 48149 Münster GERMANY
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31
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Suda N, Saito T, Arima H, Yagai S. Photo-modulation of supramolecular polymorphism in the self-assembly of a scissor-shaped azobenzene dyad into nanotoroids and fibers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3249-3255. [PMID: 35414866 PMCID: PMC8926283 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the research field of supramolecularly engineered dye aggregates have enabled the design of simple one-dimensional stacks such as fibers and of closed structures such as nanotoroids (nanorings). More complex and advanced supramolecular systems could potentially be designed using a molecule that is able to provide either of these distinct nanostructures under different conditions. In this study, we introduced bulky but strongly aggregating cholesterol units to a scissor-shaped azobenzene dyad framework, which affords either nanotoroids, nanotubes, or 1D fibers, depending on the substituents. This new dyad with two trans-azobenzene arms shows supramolecular polymorphism in its temperature-controlled self-assembly, leading to not only oligomeric nanotoroids as kinetic products, but also to one-dimensional fibers as thermodynamic products. This supramolecular polymorphism can also be achieved via photo-triggered self-assembly, i.e., irradiation of a monomeric solution of the dyad with two cis-azobenzene arms using strong visible light leads to the preferential formation of nanotoroids, whereas irradiation with weak visible light leads to the predominant formation of 1D fibers. This is the first example of a successful light-induced modulation of supramolecular polymorphism to produce distinctly nanostructured aggregates under isothermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Suda
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Hironari Arima
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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32
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Srideep D, Sriram K, Kotha S, Babu DJ, Singh SK, Rao KV. Synthesis and Self-assembly of Benzoperylene Benzimidazoles: Tunable Morphology with Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200099. [PMID: 35235252 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Benzoperylene benzimidazoles ( BPBIs ) based π-systems are synthesized and their self-assembly in both non-polar and polar solvents is investigated. Due to the presence of donor and acceptor functional groups, BPBIs absorb light up to 600 nm and display red fluorescence (575-800 nm). Depending on the solvent and side chain, BPBIs self-assemble into various nanostructures such as nanoribbons, nanorods, nanofibers and nanoparticles. Notably, these ordered nanostructures are formed by BPBIs in both polar and non-polar solvents without the aid of hydrogen bonding and amphiphilic interactions due to the presence of a large rigid π-system. Interestingly, BPBIs follow a weakly cooperative mechanism during the self-assembly. Moreover, BPBIs show aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in all the self-assembled nanostructures which is not common for rigid π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasari Srideep
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Kasilingam Sriram
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, INDIA
| | - Srinu Kotha
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Deepu J Babu
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, INDIA
| | | | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, Kandi, 502285, Hyderabad, INDIA
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33
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Datta S, Chaudhuri D. Reversible Supramolecular Polymorphism in Solution and Solid Matrix by Manipulating Sidegroup Conformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
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34
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Collavini S, Völker SF, Cabrera-Espinoza A, Martínez MA, De Cózar A, San Felices L, Sánchez L, Delgado JL. Triarylamine Enriched Organostannoxane Drums: Synthesis, Optoelectrochemical Properties, Association Studies, and Gelation Behavior. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4046-4055. [PMID: 35201756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of three organotin clusters endowed with six triarylamine-based moieties is reported herein. The optoelectronic properties of the molecules, as well as their ability to form gels, were investigated. The association ability of the compounds was studied as well by means of variable temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The optimization of the geometry of the compounds has been performed and compared to the X-ray diffraction of the crystals. The results obtained through this comparison are useful for the explanation of their different gelation behaviors. In fact, organostannoxane drum 1 exhibits a strong ability to form organized supramolecular structures by means of a number of noncovalent short contacts that finally yield luminescent organogels in aromatic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sebastian F Völker
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manuel A Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel De Cózar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P. K. 1072, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire San Felices
- Servicios Generales de Investigación, SGIker, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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35
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Ghosh G, Barman R, Mukherjee A, Ghosh U, Ghosh S, Fernández G. Control over Multiple Nano‐ and Secondary Structures in Peptide Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstrasse 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata India
| | - Anurag Mukherjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata India
| | - Uttam Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation Science 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata India
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstrasse 36 48149 Münster Germany
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36
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Ghosh G, Barman R, Mukherjee A, Ghosh U, Ghosh S, Fernández G. Control over Multiple Nano- and Secondary Structures in Peptide Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113403. [PMID: 34758508 PMCID: PMC9300061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the rich morphological and conformational versatility of a biologically active peptide (PEP-1), which follows diverse self-assembly pathways to form up to six distinct nanostructures and up to four different secondary structures through subtle modulation in pH, concentration and temperature. PEP-1 forms twisted β-sheet secondary structures and nanofibers at pH 7.4, which transform into fractal-like structures with strong β-sheet conformations at pH 13.0 or short disorganized elliptical aggregates at pH 5.5. Upon dilution at pH 7.4, the nanofibers with twisted β-sheet secondary structural elements convert into nanoparticles with random coil conformations. Interestingly, these two self-assembled states at pH 7.4 and room temperature are kinetically controlled and undergo a further transformation into thermodynamically stable states upon thermal annealing: whereas the twisted β-sheet structures and corresponding nanofibers transform into 2D sheets with well-defined β-sheet domains, the nanoparticles with random coil structures convert into short nanorods with α-helix conformations. Notably, PEP-1 also showed high biocompatibility, low hemolytic activity and marked antibacterial activity, rendering our system a promising candidate for multiple bio-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation Science2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick RoadKolkataIndia
| | - Anurag Mukherjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation Science2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick RoadKolkataIndia
| | - Uttam Ghosh
- Department of Organic ChemistryIndian Institute of ScienceBengaluru560012KarnatakaIndia
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation Science2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick RoadKolkataIndia
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
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37
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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38
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Dorca Y, Naranjo C, Ghosh G, Soberats B, Calbo J, Ortí E, Fernández G, Sánchez L. Supramolecular polymerization of electronically complementary linear motifs: anti-cooperativity by attenuated growth. Chem Sci 2021; 13:81-89. [PMID: 35059154 PMCID: PMC8694371 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04883j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cooperative supramolecular polymerization by attenuated growth exhibited by self-assembling units of two electron-donor benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) derivatives (compounds 1a and 1b) and the electron-acceptor 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) (compound 2) is reported. Despite the apparent cooperative mechanism of 1 and 2, AFM imaging and SAXS measurements reveal the formation of small aggregates that suggest the operation of an anti-cooperative mechanism strongly conditioned by an attenuated growth. In this mechanism, the formation of the nuclei is favoured over the subsequent addition of monomeric units to the aggregate, which finally results in short aggregates. Theoretical calculations show that both the BDT and BODIPY motifs, after forming the initial dimeric nuclei, experience a strong distortion of the central aromatic backbone upon growth, which makes the addition of successive monomeric units unfavourable and impedes the formation of long fibrillar structures. Despite the anti-cooperativity observed in the supramolecular polymerization of 1 and 2, the combination of both self-assembling units results in the formation of small co-assembled aggregates with a similar supramolecular polymerization behaviour to that observed for the separate components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeray Dorca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms, Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bartolomé Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms, Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
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39
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Martínez M, Doncel-Giménez A, Cerdá J, Calbo J, Rodríguez R, Aragó J, Crassous J, Ortí E, Sánchez L. Distance Matters: Biasing Mechanism, Transfer of Asymmetry, and Stereomutation in N-Annulated Perylene Bisimide Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13281-13291. [PMID: 34378925 PMCID: PMC8478275 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two series of N-annulated perylene bisimides (PBIs), compounds 1 and 2, is reported, and their self-assembling features are thoroughly investigated by a complete set of spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations. The study corroborates the enormous influence that the distance between the PBI core and the peripheral groups exerts on the chiroptical properties and the supramolecular polymerization mechanism. Compounds 1, with the peripheral groups separated from the central PBI core by two methylenes and an ester group, form J-type supramolecular polymers in a cooperative manner but exhibit negligible chiroptical properties. The lack of clear helicity, due to the staircase arrangement of the self-assembling units in the aggregate, justifies these features. In contrast, attaching the peripheral groups directly to the N-annulated PBI core drastically changes the self-assembling properties of compounds 2, which form H-type aggregates following an isodesmic mechanism. These H-type aggregates show a strong aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect that leads to nonemissive aggregates. Chiral (S)-2 and (R)-2 experience an efficient transfer of asymmetry to afford P- and M-type aggregates, respectively, although no amplification of asymmetry is achieved in majority rules or "sergeants-and-soldiers" experiments. A solvent-controlled stereomutation is observed for chiral (S)-2 and (R)-2, which form helical supramolecular polymers of different handedness depending on the solvent (methylcyclohexane or toluene). The stereomutation is accounted for by considering the two possible conformations of the terminal phenyl groups, eclipsed or staggered, which lead to linear or helical self-assemblies, respectively, with different relative stabilities depending on the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel
A. Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Azahara Doncel-Giménez
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Univ
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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40
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Sarkar A, Sasmal R, Das A, Venugopal A, Agasti SS, George SJ. Tricomponent Supramolecular Multiblock Copolymers with Tunable Composition via Sequential Seeded Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18209-18216. [PMID: 34111324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of supramolecular block co-polymers (BCP) with small monomers and predictive sequence requires elegant molecular design and synthetic strategies. Herein we report the unparalleled synthesis of tri-component supramolecular BCPs with tunable microstructure by a kinetically controlled sequential seeded supramolecular polymerization of fluorescent π-conjugated monomers. Core-substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) derivatives with different core substitutions and appended with β-sheet forming peptide side chains provide perfect monomer design with spectral complementarity, pathway complexity and minimal structural mismatch to synthesize and characterize the multi-component BCPs. The distinct fluorescent nature of various cNDI monomers aids the spectroscopic probing of the seeded growth process and the microscopic visualization of resultant supramolecular BCPs using Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM). Kinetically controlled sequential seeded supramolecular polymerization presented here is reminiscent of the multi-step synthesis of covalent BCPs via living chain polymerization. These findings provide a promising platform for constructing unique functional organic heterostructures for various optoelectronic and catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Angshuman Das
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Akhil Venugopal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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41
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Sarkar S, Sarkar A, Som A, Agasti SS, George SJ. Stereoselective Primary and Secondary Nucleation Events in Multicomponent Seeded Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11777-11787. [PMID: 34308651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired, kinetically controlled seeded growth has been recently shown to provide length, dispersity, and sequence control on the primary structure of dynamic supramolecular polymers. However, command over the molecular organization at all hierarchical levels for the modulation of higher order structures of supramolecular polymers remains a formidable task. In this context, a surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation process, which plays an important role in the autocatalytic generation of amyloid fibrils and also during the chiral crystallization of small monomers, offers exciting possibilities for topology control in synthetic macromolecular systems by introducing secondary growth pathways compared to the usual primary nucleation-elongation process. However, mechanistic insights into the molecular determinants and driving forces for the secondary nucleation event in synthetic systems are not yet realized. Herein, we attempt to fill this dearth by showing an unprecedented molecular chirality control on the primary and secondary nucleation events in seed-induced supramolecular polymerization. Comprehensive kinetic experiments using in situ spectroscopic probing of the temporal changes of the monomer organization during the growth process provide a unique study to characterize the primary and secondary nucleation events in a supramolecular polymerization process. Kinetic analyses along with various microscopic studies further reveal the remarkable effect of stereoselective nucleation and seeding events on the (micro)structural aspects of the resulting multicomponent supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Arka Som
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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42
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Sarkar A, Sasmal R, Das A, Venugopal A, Agasti SS, George SJ. Tricomponent Supramolecular Multiblock Copolymers with Tunable Composition via Sequential Seeded Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Angshuman Das
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Akhil Venugopal
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Sarit S. Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Subi J. George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU) and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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43
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Ayzac V, Dirany M, Raynal M, Isare B, Bouteiller L. Energetics of Competing Chiral Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2021; 27:9627-9633. [PMID: 33871118 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chirality can have unexpected consequences including on properties other than spectroscopic. We show herein that a racemic mixture of bis-urea stereoisomers forms thermodynamically stable supramolecular polymers that result in a more viscous solution than for the pure stereoisomer. The origin of this macroscopic property was probed by characterizing the structure and stability of the assemblies. Both racemic and non-racemic bis-urea stereoisomers form two competing helical supramolecular polymers in solution: a double and a single helical structure at low and high temperature, respectively. The transition temperature between these assemblies, as probed by spectroscopic and calorimetric analyses, is strongly influenced by the composition (by up to 70 °C). A simple model that accounts for the thermodynamics of this system, indicates that the stereochemical defects (chiral mismatches and helix reversals) affect much more the stability of single helices. Therefore, the heterochiral double helical structure predominates over the single helical structure (whilst the opposite holds for the homochiral structures), which explains the aforementioned higher viscosity of the racemic bis-urea solution. This rationale constitutes a new basis to tune the macroscopic properties of the increasing number of supramolecular polymers reported to exhibit competing chiral nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Ayzac
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Dirany
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Isare
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
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44
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From Oligo(Phenyleneethynylene) Monomers to Supramolecular Helices: The Role of Intermolecular Interactions in Aggregation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123530. [PMID: 34207858 PMCID: PMC8228480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular helices that arise from the self-assembly of small organic molecules via non-covalent interactions play an important role in the structure and properties of the corresponding materials. Here we study the supramolecular helical aggregation of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) monomers from a theoretical point of view, always guiding the studies with experimentally available data. In this way, by systematically increasing the number of monomer units, optimized n-mer geometries are obtained along with the corresponding absorption and circular dichroism spectra. For the geometry optimizations we use density functional theory together with the B3LYP-D3 functional and the 6–31G** basis set. For obtaining the spectra we resort to time-dependent density functional theory using the CAM-B3LYP functional and the 3–21G basis set. These combinations of density functional and basis set were selected after systematic convergence studies. The theoretical results are analyzed and compared to the experimentally available spectra, observing a good agreement.
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45
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Globular Aggregates Stemming from the Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic N-Annulated Perylene Bisimide in Aqueous Media. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061457. [PMID: 34072824 PMCID: PMC8228590 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of highly emissive amphiphilic N-annulated PBI 1 decorated with oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) side chains. These polar side chains allow the straightforward solubility of 1 in solvents of different polarity such as water, iPrOH, dioxane, or chloroform. Compound 1 self-assembles in aqueous media by π-stacking of the aromatic units and van der Waals interactions, favored by the hydrophobic effect. The hypo- and hypsochromic effect observed in the UV-Vis spectra of 1 in water in comparison to chloroform is diagnostic of H-type aggregation. Solvent denaturation experiments allow deriving the free Gibbs energy for the self-assembly process in aqueous media and the factor m that is indicative of the influence exerted by a good solvent in the stability of the final aggregates. The ability of compound 1 to self-assemble in water yields globular aggregates that have been visualized by TEM imaging.
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46
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Shen CA, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self-Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J-Aggregate Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11949-11958. [PMID: 33751763 PMCID: PMC8252746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A bis(squaraine) dye equipped with alkyl and oligoethyleneglycol chains was synthesized by connecting two dicyanomethylene substituted squaraine dyes with a phenylene spacer unit. The aggregation behavior of this bis(squaraine) was investigated in non-polar toluene/tetrachloroethane (98:2) solvent mixture, which revealed competing cooperative self-assembly pathways into two supramolecular polymorphs with entirely different packing structures and UV/Vis/NIR absorption properties. The self-assembly pathway can be controlled by the cooling rate from a heated solution of the monomers. For both polymorphs, quasi-equilibrium conditions between monomers and the respective aggregates can be established to derive thermodynamic parameters and insights into the self-assembly mechanisms. AFM measurements revealed a nanosheet structure with a height of 2 nm for the thermodynamically more stable polymorph and a tubular nanorod structure with a helical pitch of 13 nm and a diameter of 5 nm for the kinetically favored polymorph. Together with wide angle X-ray scattering measurements, packing models were derived: the thermodynamic polymorph consists of brick-work type nanosheets that exhibit red-shifted absorption bands as typical for J-aggregates, while the nanorod polymorph consists of eight supramolecular polymer strands of the bis(squaraine) intertwined to form a chimney-type tubular structure. The absorption of this aggregate covers a large spectral range from 550 to 875 nm, which cannot be rationalized by the conventional exciton theory. By applying the Essential States Model and considering intermolecular charge transfer, the aggregate spectrum was adequately reproduced, revealing that the broad absorption spectrum is due to pronounced donor-acceptor overlap within the bis(squaraine) nanorods. The latter is also responsible for the pronounced bathochromic shift observed for the nanosheet structure as a result of the slip-stacked arranged squaraine chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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47
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Tamaki K, Aizawa T, Yagai S. Wavy supramolecular polymers formed by hydrogen-bonded rosettes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4779-4782. [PMID: 33949513 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A barbiturate-functionalized supramolecular monomer bearing an ester-linked biphenyl and azobenzene π-conjugated core affords wavy supramolecular polymers. The periodic inversion of curvature is due to the conformational rigidity of the monomer and repulsive interactions between rosettes. Photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety increases the fragility of the main chain without deteriorating its periodic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tamaki
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Aizawa
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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48
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Gui M, Han Y, Zhong H, Liao R, Wang F. Investigation of the Amide Linkages on Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization of Organoplatinum(II) Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:2832. [PMID: 34068830 PMCID: PMC8126204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperative supramolecular polymerization of π-conjugated compounds into one-dimensional nanostructures has received tremendous attentions in recent years. It is commonly achieved by incorporating amide linkages into the monomeric structures, which provide hydrogen bonds for intermolecular non-covalent complexation. Herein, the effect of amide linkages is elaborately studied, by comparing supramolecular polymerization behaviors of two structurally similar monomers with the same platinum(II) acetylide cores. As compared to the N-phenyl benzamide linkages, N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl] benzamide linkages give rise to effective chirality transfer behaviors due to the closer distances between the chiral units and the platinum(II) acetylide core. They also provide stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding strength, which consequently brings higher thermo-stability and enhanced gelation capability for the resulting supramolecular polymers. Supramolecular polymerization is further strengthened by varying the monomers from monotopic to ditopic structures. Hence, with the judicious modulation of structural parameters, the current study opens up new avenues for the rational design of supramolecular polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (M.G.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (M.G.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
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49
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Naranjo C, Dorca Y, Ghosh G, Gómez R, Fernández G, Sánchez L. Chain-capper effect to bias the amplification of asymmetry in supramolecular polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4500-4503. [PMID: 33956018 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00740h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The kinetically controlled amplification of asymmetry experienced in the co-assembly of chiral tribiphenylaminetricarboxamides (S)-1 and (R)-1 is investigated. The formation of metastable monomeric species through intramolecular H-bonds retards the efficient amplification of asymmetry due to a chain-capper effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yeray Dorca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Shen C, Bialas D, Hecht M, Stepanenko V, Sugiyasu K, Würthner F. Polymorphism in Squaraine Dye Aggregates by Self‐Assembly Pathway Differentiation: Panchromatic Tubular Dye Nanorods versus J‐Aggregate Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐An Shen
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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