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Zhang C, Shu FJ, Zou CL, Dong H, Yao J, Zhao YS. Organic Synthetic Photonic Systems with Reconfigurable Parity-Time Symmetry Breaking for Tunable Single-Mode Microlasers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300054. [PMID: 36744301 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic photonic materials exploiting the quantum concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry lead to an emerging photonic paradigm-non-Hermitian photonics, which is revolutionizing the photonic sciences. The non-Hermitian photonics dealing with the interplay between gain and loss in PT synthetic photonic material systems offers a versatile platform for advancing microlaser technology. However, current PT-symmetric microcavity laser systems only manipulate imaginary parts of the refractive indices, suffering from limited laser spectral bandwidth. Here, an organic composite material system is proposed to synthesize reconfigurable PT-symmetric microcavities with controllable complex refractive indices for realizing tunable single-mode laser outputs. A grayscale electron-beam direct-writing technique is elaborately designed to process laser dye-doped polymer films in one single step into microdisk cavities with periodic gain and loss distribution, which enables thresholdless PT-symmetry breaking and single-mode laser operation. Furthermore, organic photoisomerizable compounds are introduced to reconfigure the PT-symmetric systems in real-time by tailoring the real refractive index of the polymer microresonators, allowing for a dynamically and continuously tunable single-mode laser output. This work fundamentally enhances the PT-symmetric photonic systems for innovative design of synthetic photonic materials and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Jie Shu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Microcavity and Photoelectric Intelligent Sensing, School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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2
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Han D, Jiao T. Reversible Chiral Optical Switching Based on Co-Assembled Spiropyran Gels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13668-13673. [PMID: 36326721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has been very interesting to dynamically adjust the emission of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials through external stimulation due to their applications and the fundamental interest in them. In this work, luminescence-tunable and light-responsive supramolecular co-assembly CPL-active materials are fabricated by mixing an achiral functional spiropyran (SP-COOH) molecule with a chiral gelator. The spiropyran achieves a reversible change between a white closed ring state spiropyran and a purple zwitterionic merocyanine state in supramolecular co-assembly gels under alternate visible (vis) and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The gel shows strong CPL signals due to the chirality transfer in co-assembly systems. These signals could change reversibly under alternate exposure to UV and vis light. Therefore, utilizing the multistimulus-responsive CPL signals in different states, a CPL switch of the supramolecular system signal according to the combinatorial control of UV-vis light irradiation is constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Tifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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3
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Marino E, Bharti H, Xu J, Kagan CR, Murray CB. Nanocrystal Superparticles with Whispering-Gallery Modes Tunable through Chemical and Optical Triggers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4765-4773. [PMID: 35649039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery microresonators have the potential to become the building blocks for optical circuits. However, encoding information in an optical signal requires on-demand tuning of optical resonances. Tuning is achieved by modifying the cavity length or the refractive index of the microresonator. Due to their solid, nondeformable structure, conventional microresonators based on bulk materials are inherently difficult to tune. In this work, we fabricate irreversibly tunable optical microresonators by using semiconductor nanocrystals. These nanocrystals are first assembled into colloidal spherical superparticles featuring whispering-gallery modes. Exposing the superparticles to shorter ligands changes the nanocrystal surface chemistry, decreasing the cavity length of the microresonator by 20% and increasing the refractive index by 8.2%. Illuminating the superparticles with ultraviolet light initiates nanocrystal photo-oxidation, providing an orthogonal channel to decrease the refractive index of the microresonator in a continuous fashion. Through these approaches, we demonstrate optical microresonators tunable by several times their free spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Harshit Bharti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Prasetyanto EA, Wasisto HS, Septiadi D. Cellular lasers for cell imaging and biosensing. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:39-51. [PMID: 35314365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to produce laser action involving biomaterials, in particular (single) biological cells, has fostered the development of cellular lasers as a novel approach in biophotonics. In this respect, cells that are engineered to carry gain medium (e.g., fluorescent dyes or proteins) are placed inside an optical cavity (i.e., typically a sandwich of highly reflective mirrors), allowing the generation of stimulated emission upon sufficient optical pumping. In another scenario, micron-sized optical resonators supporting whispering-gallery mode (WGM) or semiconductor-based laser probes can be internalized by the cells and support light amplification. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fields of biolasers and cellular lasers, and most importantly, highlights their potential applications in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging and analysis. They include biosensing (e.g., in vitro detection of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration), cancer cell imaging, laser-emission-based microscope, cell tracking, cell distinction study, and tissue contraction monitoring in zebrafish. Lastly, several fundamental issues in developing cellular lasers including laser probe fabrication, biocompatibility of the system, and alteration of local refractive index of optical cavities due to protein absorption or probe aggregation are described. Cellular lasers are foreseen as a promising tool to study numerous biological and biophysical phenomena. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biolasers are generation of laser involving biological materials. Biomaterials, including single cells, can be engineered to incorporate laser probes or fluorescent proteins or fluorophores, and the resulting light emission can be coupled to optical resonator, allowing generation of cellular laser emission upon optical pumping. Unlike fluorescence, this stimulated emission is very sensitive and is capable of detecting small alterations in the optical property of the cells and their environment. In this review, recent development and applications of cellular lasers in the fields of in vitro and in vivo cell imaging, cell tracking, biosensing, and cell/tissue analysis are highlighted. Several challenges in developing cellular lasers including probe fabrication and biocompatibility as well as alteration of cellular environment are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Adi Prasetyanto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jl. Pluit Raya 2, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | | | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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Dong H, Zhang C, Zhou W, Yao J, Zhao YS. Differential Polymer Chain Scission Enables Free-Standing Microcavity Laser Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107611. [PMID: 34967981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Control over material architectures is essential to the performance of photonic devices and systems. Optical isolation of the photonic materials from substrates can significantly enhance their performance but suffers from complicated fabrication processes and limited applications. Here a differential polymer chain scission strategy is proposed to fabricate free-standing photonic structures based on one-step electron-beam direct writing on polymer bilayers (EOB). The polymer molecular mass-dependent sensitivity to electron beam enables differential patterning of the two layers of polymers, leading to the direct formation of suspended optical microcavities. The EOB technique features high materials compatibility and design flexibility for the optical microcavities, which significantly expands the application scope of the suspended optical microcavities. As well as providing a versatile strategy for building high-performance photonic materials, the results provide a promising platform for innovative applications of optical microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Fan Y, Zhang C, Gao Z, Zhou W, Hou Y, Zhou Z, Yao J, Zhao YS. Randomly Induced Phase Transformation in Silk Protein-Based Microlaser Arrays for Anticounterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102586. [PMID: 34477249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anticounterfeiting labels based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) exhibit high security with unreplicable code outputs, making them an ideal platform to realize unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Although various schemes are proposed for PUF labels, the utilization of natural randomness suffers from unpredictable signal extraction sites, which poses a challenge to efficient and convenient authentication for practical anticounterfeiting applications. Here, a covert optical PUF-based cryptographic protocol from silk protein-based microlaser (SML) arrays that possess hidden randomness of lasers for unclonable lasing signals as well as a defined location for efficient identification is proposed. The initial SMLs are patterned by casting laser dye-doped regenerated silk fibroin solution, resulting in a uniform microlaser array with regulated positions. With the SML array as substrate, random methanol microdroplets are stochastically sprayed on the SML array, which eventually induces uneven lasing signal changes of the patterned microlasers. The treated SML array possesses the deterministic readout sites of laser signals and unrepeatable signal distribution characteristics, which can guarantee efficient authentication and high security when serving as an anticounterfeiting label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhang S, Liang N, Shi X, Zhao W, Zhai T. Direction-Adjustable Single-Mode Lasing via Self-Assembly 3D-Curved Microcavities for Gas Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45916-45923. [PMID: 34541849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drop-based microcavity lasers emerged as a promising tool in modern physics investigation and chemical detection owing to their cost-effective fabrication, high luminescence, and sensitive molecule sensing. However, it is of great challenge to achieve highly directional emission along with high quality (Q) factors via traditional droplet self-assembly behavior of the gain medium on a planar substrate. In this work, a single-mode microcavity laser with directional far-field emission is first proposed via droplet self-assembly 3D-curved microcavities, and simultaneously, acetic acid (AcOH) gas sensing is realized. Trichromatic single-mode lasing in 3D-curved microcavities with distinct organic polymer droplets is constructed on silica fibers via a self-assembly procedure. By regulating the curvature of the substrate, mode selection and directional emission of the lasing action are realized. The measured Q-factor of the proposed anisotropic 3D-curved active microcavity is ∼20k. Furthermore, on account of the sensitive responsiveness of liquid organic polymers, single-mode laser sensors can be realized by measuring the shift of their lasing modes on exposure to organic vapor. Benefiting from chemical reaction with rhodamine 6G, the AcOH gas sensor displays a short response time. These results may open new insights into drop-based quasi-3D-anisotropic whispering-gallery-mode microcavities to improve the development of lab-in-a-droplet, ranging from a tuneable microcavity laser to a chemical gas sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenkang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Laser performance and investigation of the optimal density functional and the dependence of the basis sets for (E, E)-2,5-bis (3,4-dimethoxystyryl) pyrazine (BDP) molecule. J Mol Model 2021; 27:256. [PMID: 34414525 PMCID: PMC8376731 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript includes some photophysical parameters and some optical properties such as absorption and emission spectra of the (E, E)-2,5-bis (3,4-dimethoxystyryl) pyrazine (BDP) by applying sol–gel and copolymer matrices. The BDP molecular structure is incorporated in sol–gel matrix and copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). In case of sol–gel matrix, the BDP molecular structure has higher quantum yield in addition to photostability maxima. The laser behavior of this molecular structure containing sol–gel matrix is good senior compared to copolymer one via using diode laser (450 nm) as pumping laser of power 160 mW. Also, the fluorescence profile of the BDP molecular structure is sensitized via using cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) by applying sol–gel host. The optimized structure of the BDP molecule is obtained via applying B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The electronic absorption and emission spectra of the BDP molecular structure in ethanol solvent were calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) at CAM-B3LYP/6-31G + + (d, p) level. The obtained theoretical results were compared to experimental ones.
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Zhang C, Dong H, Zhang C, Fan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Photonic skins based on flexible organic microlaser arrays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/31/eabh3530. [PMID: 34330710 PMCID: PMC8324057 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible photonics is rapidly emerging as a promising platform for artificial smart skins to imitate or extend the capabilities of human skins. Organic material systems provide a promising avenue to directly fabricate large-scale flexible device units; however, the versatile fabrication of all-organic integrated devices with desired photonic functionalities remains a great challenge. Here, we develop an effective technique for the mass processing of organic microlaser arrays, which act as sensing units, on the chip of photonic skins. With a bilayer electron-beam direct writing method, we fabricated flexible mechanical sensor networks composed of coupled-cavity single-mode laser sources on pliable polymer substrates. These microlaser-based mechanical sensor chips were subsequently used to recognize hand gestures, showing great potential for artificial skin applications. This work represents a substantial advance toward scalable construction of high-performance and low-cost flexible photonic chips, thus paving the way for the implementation of smart photonic skins into practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Fan Y, Liu Z, Hu F, Zhao YS. Smart Protein-Based Biolasers: An Alternative Way to Protein Conformation Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19187-19192. [PMID: 33871261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detecting conformational changes in protein is imperative due to its major role in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we propose an alternative strategy for monitoring the structural change of proteins based on biological microlasers. Smart responsive protein-based microscale biolasers were constructed by incorporating organic gain medium into the microspheres of silk fibroin via emulsion-solvent evaporation. The lasing characteristic of the biolasers exhibited a sensitive response to the structural transformation of the silk fibroin. With narrowed linewidth, the as-prepared biolasers as sensing signals enable highly sensitive protein conformation detection. These results offer an effective approach to monitoring the protein conformational changes and provide valuable guidance for a better understanding of the relationship between bio-microstructures and their photonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Johnee Britto N, Panneerselvam M, Deepan Kumar M, Kathiravan A, Jaccob M. Substituent Effect on the Photophysics and ESIPT Mechanism of N, N'-Bis(salicylidene)- p-phenylenediamine: A DFT/TD-DFT Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1825-1839. [PMID: 33843222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes are widely exploited in the designing of organic materials for multifarious applications. This work explores the aftereffects of combining both ESIPT and ICT events in a single molecule, namely, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (BSP) exploiting DFT and TD-DFT formalisms. The PBE0 functional employed in the present study is found to yield results with better accuracy for excited-state calculations. The results reveal that introduction of electron donor (-NH2) and electron acceptor (-NO2) substituents on BSP produces a strikingly red-shifted emission with respect to the corresponding emission from the unsubstituted analogue in polar solvents. This red-shifted emission originated due to the coupled effect of ESIPT and planar-ICT (PICT) processes from the coplanar geometry adopted by the substituted molecule (s-BSP). Based on the computed potential energy curves, the ground-state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) was found to take place more favorably in s-BSP than in BSP under all solvent conditions. In the case of ESIPT, the barrier and relative energies of the phototautomers of s-BSP were slightly higher than BSP, which shows that simultaneous substitution of -NH2 and -NO2 groups causes slight perturbation to the ESIPT process. Overall, the computed results show that simultaneous substitution of suitable electron donor and acceptor substituents provides profitable changes in the photophysical properties of ESIPT molecules like BSP. These molecular-level insights will pave way for designing better materials for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethinathan Johnee Britto
- Department of Chemistry & Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Panneerselvam
- Department of Chemistry & Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhu Deepan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunkumar Kathiravan
- Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhavan Jaccob
- Department of Chemistry & Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
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