1
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Shekhar C, Satyanarayana G. Acid-Promoted Domino Access to Substituted Benzo[ b]carbazoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3732-3746. [PMID: 38394776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a straightforward Bro̷nsted acids-promoted domino pathway to build substituted benzo[b]carbazoles has been described from easily accessible ortho-formyl (or ortho-acyl) cinnamate esters and indoles. Noticeably, the protocol was amenable to protecting group-free indoles. Notably, this methodology is based on a single-pot regioselective construction of two new C-C bonds and aromatization sequences under mild and metal-free reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies suggested the initial formation of bis-indole substituted intermediate via a dual aromatic substitution with two indole molecules at the carbonyl carbon of ortho-formyl (or ortho-acyl) cinnamate ester followed by intramolecular cyclization and aromatization with exclusion of a second indole molecule. Besides, the efficacy of this approach was also illustrated by scale-up and derivatization reactions, including the photophysical properties study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Shekhar
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 284d, India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 284d, India
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2
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Song F, Wang B, Shi ZJ. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation from C-C Activation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2867-2886. [PMID: 37882453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusC-C single bonds are ubiquitous in organic compounds. The activation and subsequent functionalization of C-C single bonds provide a unique opportunity to synthesize conventionally inaccessible molecules through the rearrangement of carbon skeletons, often with a favorable atom and step economy. However, the C-C bonds are thermodynamically and kinetically inert. Consequently, the activation of C-C bonds is particularly attractive yet challenging in the field of organic chemistry. In the past decade, we sought to develop efficient strategies to carry out transition-metal-catalyzed diverse C-C cleavage/C-C forming reactions and to obtain some insights into the intrinsic reactivities of different C-C bonds. With our efforts, readily available alcohols, carboxylic acids, and ketones served as suitable substrates for the catalytic C-C coupling reactions, which are reviewed in this Account. In 2009, we observed a Ni-catalyzed cross coupling of aryl nitriles with arylboronic esters through C-CN cleavage. Encouraged by these results, we are interested in transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond activation. Due to their broad availability, we then turned our attention to C-C cleavage of carboxylic acids. Rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylative coupling of carboxylic acids with (hetero)arenes was then achieved through oxidative addition of in situ formed, more reactive mixed anhydrides to Rh(I) without the need for oxidants that are commonly required for the decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids. Subsequently, the decarbonylation of more challenging unstrained aryl ketones was realized under Rh catalysis assisted by N-containing directing groups. Following this work, a group exchange of aryl ketones with carboxylic acids was achieved through 2-fold C-C bond cleavage. By employing the chelation strategy, Rh-catalyzed C-C bond activation of secondary benzyl alcohols was also accomplished through β-carbon elimination of the rhodium alcoholate intermediates. The competing oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones via β-hydrogen elimination of the same intermediates was suppressed as thermodynamically favorable five-membered rhodacycles are formed after β-carbon elimination. Different types of transformations of alcohols, including the Heck-type reaction with alkenes, cross coupling with arylsilanes, and Grignard-type addition with aldehydes or imines, have been achieved, showing the great potential of secondary alcohols in the formation of C-C bonds. These C-C bond-forming reactions are complementary to traditional cross couplings of aryl halides with organometallic reagents. However, these transformations produce small molecules as byproducts. To improve the atom economy, we then investigated C-C bond transformations of strained-ring cyclic compounds. Ni-catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of benzocyclobutenones with alkynes was recently achieved via the uncommon cleavage of the C1-C8 bond by employing a removable blocking strategy. Rh-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of benzocyclobutenols with alkynes was also achieved. In summary, our developments demonstrate the great potential of transition-metal-catalyzed C-C bond activation for the formation of new C-C bonds. To further expand the synthetic utility of C-C bond activation, more efforts are required to expand the substrate scope and to achieve earth-abundant metal-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Biqin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang YB, Li BS, Xu GJ, Sun W, Sun M. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Double C-H Functionalization of Indoles with Cyclopropenones via Sequential C-H/C-C/C-H Bond Activation. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37200408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented Rh(III)-catalyzed double C-H functionalization of indoles with cyclopropenones via sequential C-H/C-C/C-H bond activation has been developed. This procedure represents the first example for assembling of cyclopenta[b]indoles utilizing cyclopropenones as 3C synthons. This powerful approach shows excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, wide functional group tolerance, and good reaction yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Bin-Shi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Guo-Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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4
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Wang Y, Ma P, Ma N, Wang J. Ligand-Controlled Nickel-Catalyzed Reactions of Benzocyclobutenones with Alkynyltrifluoroborates: Diverse Construction of Polysubstituted Naphthols. Org Lett 2023; 25:3527-3532. [PMID: 37144914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-controlled nickel-catalyzed selective cleavage of the C1-C2 or C1-C8 bond of benzocyclobutenones (BCBs) is reported. The delicate selection of dpppe or PMe3 as the ligand led to predictably divergent synthesis of a wide range of 1-naphthols and 2-naphthols without C2 and C3 substituents, respectively, from BCBs and potassium alkynyltrifluoroborate, and the increase in the amount of PMe3 resulted in tandem reaction of 2 equiv of BCB with the borate to afford 3,4,5-trisubstituted 2-naphthols. The fabulous ligand effect resulted in the facile and unique construction of multisubstituted naphthols with well-controlled regioselectivity and a high degree of structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Lin L, Zhang XJ, Xu X, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Ru 3 (CO) 12 -Catalyzed Modular Assembly of Hemilabile Ligands by C-H Activation of Phosphines with Isocyanates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214584. [PMID: 36479789 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemilabile ligands have been applied extensively in transition metal catalysis, but preparations of these molecules typically require multistep synthesis. Here, modular assembly of diverse phosphine-amide ligands, including related axially chiral compounds, is first reported through ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation of phosphines with isocyanate directed by phosphorus(III) atoms. High reactivity and regioselectivity can be obtained by using a Ru3 (CO)12 catalyst with a mono-N-protected amino acid ligand. This transformation significantly expands the pool of phosphine-amide ligands, some of which have shown excellent efficiency for asymmetric catalysis. More broadly, the discovery constitutes a proof of principle for facile construction of hemilabile ligands directly from the parent monodentate phosphines by C-H activation with ideal atom, step and redox economy. Several dinuclear ruthenium complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealing the key mechanistic features of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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6
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Brześkiewicz J, Loska R. Palladium-Catalyzed Access to Benzocyclobutenone-Derived Ketonitrones via C(sp 2)-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:3960-3964. [PMID: 35613705 PMCID: PMC9278523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The palladium-catalyzed
C(sp2)–H functionalization
of bromoaryl aldonitrones leading to benzocyclobutenone-derived
ketonitrones is described. This method allows for the preparation
of a wide range of strained, four-membered ketonitrones with broad
functional group tolerance. Downstream transformations of the formed
products were readily demonstrated, illustrating the synthetic utility
of the obtained benzocyclobutenone-derived nitrones for the
construction of polycyclic nitrogen-containing scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brześkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Loska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Xu L, Shi H. Cobalt-catalyzed divergent functionalization of N-sulfonyl amines via β-carbon elimination. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Pu Q, Huo M, Liang G, Bai L, Chen G, Li H, Xiang P, Zhou H, Zhou J. Divergent oxidative dearomatization coupling reactions to construct polycyclic cyclohexadienones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4348-4351. [PMID: 35293906 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective divergent oxidative dearomatization coupling reactions, in which the chemoselectivity is controlled by catalysts and bases, are reported herein. Three different kinds of polycyclic cyclohexadienones are produced from the same reactants (41 examples, 85-99% yield). Our method marks a novel copper- and palladium-catalyzed C-H oxidative dearomatization of phenolic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Mingming Huo
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Guojuan Liang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lijuan Bai
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Genhui Chen
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hongjiao Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Peng Xiang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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9
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Zhang P, Zeng J, Pan P, Zhang XJ, Yan M. Palladium-Catalyzed Migratory Insertion of Carbenes and C-C Cleavage of Cycloalkanecarboxamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:536-541. [PMID: 35057629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed reaction of cycloalkanecarboxamides and diazomalonates or bis(phenylsulfonyl)diazomethane has been developed. The reaction proceeds via carbene migratory insertion and cascade C-C cleavage pathways. Cycloalkanecarboxamides with four to seven membered rings are applicable in the transformation. A series of ring opening products were prepared with moderate yields. The finding provides valuable clues for the development of new reactions involving carbene migratory insertion and the cleavage of unstrained C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Yu TY, Lu H, Qi XJ, Wei H, Shao PC. Rhodium-Catalyzed Aryl Migratory/Decarbonylation of Diaryl Ketones via the Activation of Unstrained C–C Bonds. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1561-8299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA Rh-catalyzed aryl migratory/decarbonylation of unstrained ketones has been developed. This viable transformation provides a complementary decarbonylative method using diaryl ketones to afford a variety of alkenylated heterocycles in good yields with moderate to good stereoselectivity and broad substrate scope. The synthetic utility of this protocol is also demonstrated by the conversion of the alkenylated heterocycles to tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University
| | - Xiu-Juan Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology
| | - Hao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University
| | - Peng-Cheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University
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11
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Wang ZY, Ma B, Xu H, Wang X, Zhang X, Dai HX. Arylketones as Aryl Donors in Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Couplings. Org Lett 2021; 23:8291-8295. [PMID: 34670091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the arylation, alkylation, and alkenylation of aryl ketones via a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The use of the pyridine-oxazoline ligand is the key to the cleavage of the unstrained C-C bond. The late-stage arylation of aryl ketones derived from drugs and natural products demonstrated the synthetic utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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12
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Guo J, Liu Y, Lin X, Tang T, Wang B, Hu P, Zhao K, Song F, Shi Z. Site‐Selective C–C Cleavage of Benzocyclobutenones Enabled by a Blocking Strategy Using Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichan 610066 China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichan 610066 China
| | - Xin‐Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Tian‐Mu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichan 610066 China
| | - Bi‐Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichan 610066 China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichan 610066 China
| | - Ke‐Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichan 610066 China
| | - Feijie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichan 610066 China
| | - Zhang‐Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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13
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Guo JH, Liu Y, Lin XC, Tang TM, Wang BQ, Hu P, Zhao KQ, Song F, Shi ZJ. Site-Selective C-C Cleavage of Benzocyclobutenones Enabled by a Blocking Strategy Using Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19079-19084. [PMID: 34187100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the chemo- and regioselectivity of transition-metal-catalyzed C-C activation remains a great challenge. The transformations of benzocyclobutenones (BCBs) usually involve the cleavage of C1-C2 bond. In this work, an unprecedented highly selective cleavage of C1-C8 bond with the insertion of alkynes is achieved by using blocking strategy via Ni catalysis, providing an efficient method for synthesis of 1,8-disubstituted naphthalenes. Notably, the blocking group could be readily removed after the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichan, 610066, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichan, 610066, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tian-Mu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichan, 610066, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichan, 610066, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichan, 610066, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichan, 610066, China
| | - Feijie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichan, 610066, China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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14
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Cao H, Liu X, Bie F, Shi Y, Han Y, Yan P, Szostak M, Liu C. Rh(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Decarbonylation of Thioesters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10829-10837. [PMID: 34240599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Decarbonylative synthesis of thioethers from thioesters proceeds in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Rh(cod)Cl]2 (2 mol %). The protocol represents the first Rh-catalyzed decarbonylative thioetherification of thioesters to yield valuable thioethers. Notable features include the absence of phosphine ligands, inorganic bases, and other additives and excellent group tolerance to aryl chlorides and bromides that are problematic using other metals to promote decarbonylation. Gram scale synthesis, late-stage pharmaceutical derivatization, and orthogonal site-selective cross-couplings by C-S/C-Br cleavage are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Fusheng Bie
- Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Yijun Shi
- Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Ying Han
- Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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15
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Shu B, Chen SY, Deng NX, Zheng T, Xie H, Xie XL, Wu JQ, Cao H, Zhang SS. Rhodium( iii)-catalyzed C–H/C–F activation sequence: expedient and divergent synthesis of 2-benzylated indoles and 2,2′-bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00462j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the construction of fluorinated 2-benzylated indoles and 2,2’-bis(indolyl)methanes was developed via Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H/C–F activation of arenes with employing 3,3-difluoro-2-exo-methylidene indolines as cross-coupling partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Center for Drug Research and Development
| | - Shao-Yong Chen
- Center for Drug Research and Development
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
| | - Nan-Xiang Deng
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Center for Drug Research and Development
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xie
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan
- P. R. China
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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Tang J, Tang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Huang X, Xu S, Li Y. Regioselective cascade annulation of indoles with alkynediones for construction of functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles triggered by Cp*Rh III-catalyzed C–H activation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An efficient regioselective and stereoselective cascade annulation of indoles with alkynediones has been developed for construction of free (NH) tetrahydrocarbazoles with continuous quaternary carbons via Cp*RhIII-catalyzed indole C2–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yuhai Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yongzhuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Silong Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
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Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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18
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Azizollahi H, García-López JA. Recent Advances on Synthetic Methodology Merging C-H Functionalization and C-C Cleavage. Molecules 2020; 25:E5900. [PMID: 33322116 PMCID: PMC7764206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds has become a major thread of research in organic synthesis that can be assessed from different angles, for instance depending on the type of catalyst employed or the overall transformation that is carried out. This review compiles recent progress in synthetic methodology that merges the functionalization of C-H bonds along with the cleavage of C-C bonds, either in intra- or intermolecular fashion. The manuscript is organized in two main sections according to the type of substrate in which the cleavage of the C-C bond takes place, basically attending to the scission of strained or unstrained C-C bonds. Furthermore, the related research works have been grouped on the basis of the mechanistic aspects of the different transformations that are carried out, i.e.,: (a) classic transition metal catalysis where organometallic intermediates are involved; (b) processes occurring via radical intermediates generated through the use of radical initiators or photochemically; and (c) reactions that are catalyzed or mediated by suitable Lewis or Brønsted acid or bases, where molecular rearrangements take place. Thus, throughout the review a wide range of synthetic approaches show that the combination of C-H and C-C cleavage in single synthetic operations can serve as a platform to achieve complex molecular skeletons in a straightforward manner, among them interesting carbo- and heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Azizollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1436, Iran
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