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Ya Lee V, Gapurenko OA. Heavy Tetrel Clusters Based on the Bicyclobutane Framework: Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, [1.1.1]Propellanes, and Tricyclo[2.1.0.0 2,5 ]pentanes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300903. [PMID: 38015001 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the current state of affairs in the novel field of the group 14 element clusters based on the bicyclo[1.1.0]butane framework, namely, bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, [1.1.1]propellane, and tricyclo[2.1.0.02,5 ]pentane derivatives, are overviewed. Structural similarities and differences between these three classes of highly strained polycyclic compounds are considered from the viewpoint of the critically important nature of their bridgehead bonds. Synthetic strategies towards bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, [1.1.1]propellanes, and tricyclo[2.1.0.02,5 ]pentanes, as well as their peculiar structural and bonding features, and specific reactivity, are also presented and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ya Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Olga A Gapurenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki avenue 194/2, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
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2
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Mörsdorf JM, Ballmann J. Coordination-Induced Radical Generation: Selective Hydrogen Atom Abstraction via Controlled Ti-C σ-Bond Homolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23452-23460. [PMID: 37861658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A method for the generation of transient alkyl radicals via homolytic Ti-C bond cleavage was developed by employing a tailor-made organotitanium half-cage complex. In contrast to established metal-mediated radical initiation protocols via thermal or photochemical M-C σ-bond homolysis, radical formation is triggered solely by coordination of a solvent molecule (thf) to a titanium(IV) center. During the reaction, the nonstabilized alkyl radical is formed along with a persistent titanium(III) metalloradical, thus taming the former transient radical (persistent radical effect). Radical coupling and hydrogen atom abstraction (HAT) reactions have been explored not only experimentally but also computationally and by means of kinetic analysis. Exploiting these findings led to the development of selective HAT transformations, for example, with 9,10-dihydroanthracene. Deuterium labeling studies using selectively deuterated alkyls and 9,10-dihydroanthracene-d4 confirmed a radical pathway, which was underpinned by developing a radical-radical cross-coupling reaction for transferring the alkyl radical to a stable Sn-centered radical. To set the stage for an application in organic synthesis, a 5-endo-trig radical cyclization based on our methodology was established, and a dihydroxylated sesquiterpene was thus prepared in high diastereomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Mörsdorf
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Bashkurov R, Fridman N, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. The First Planar, Not Twisted, Distannene - A Structural Alkene Analog. Synthesis, Isolation and X-ray Crystallography Characterization. Chemistry 2023:e202302678. [PMID: 37675971 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The tetrasilyl-substituted distannene, (tBu2 HSi)2 Sn=Sn(SiHtBu2 )2 6, was synthesized by mild thermolysis (70 °C in hexane) of tris(di-tert-butyl-hydridosilyl)stannane 4. The X-ray crystallography structure of 6 reveals the following unusual structural properties: a planar geometry around both Sn atoms (Σ∡Sn=359.87°), a non-twisted Sn=Sn double bond, and the shortest Sn=Sn double bond of 2.599 Å among all acyclic distannenes. Thus, compound 6 is the first reported distannene having a structure closely analogous to a classic alkene. Reactions of 6 with CCl4 or with 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene to produce 1,2-dichlorodistannane 9 and the [2+4] cycloadduct 10, respectively, are characteristic for a Sn=Sn double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bashkurov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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Köstler B, Gilmer J, Bolte M, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Albert P, Fantuzzi F, Wagner M. Group IV heteroadamantanes: synthesis of Si 6Sn 4 and site-selective derivatization of Si 6Ge 4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2295-2298. [PMID: 36744715 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mixed heteroadamantanes Si6Ge4 and Si6Sn4 are readily accessible from Me2ECl2/Si2Cl6/cat. Cl- (4 × EMe2, 2 × SiCl2, 4 × Si-SiCl3 vertices; E = Ge, Sn). Different from Si6Ge4, two skeletal isomers are formed in the case of Si6Sn4. Site-selective SiCl3-methylation of Si6Ge4 was achieved, leaving the SiCl2 groups untouched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Köstler
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Jannik Gilmer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Philipp Albert
- Smart Materials, Evonik Operations GmbH, Untere Kanalstraße 3, Rheinfelden 79618, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
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Wang S, Li HJ, Kuo TS, Shen LC, Liu HJ. Ambiphilic Nature of Dipyrrolylpyridine-Supported Divalent Germanium and Tin Compounds. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Daxue Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan 30010
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Daxue Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan 30010
| | - Han-Jung Li
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 195, Sec. 4, Chung Hsing Road,
Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan 31040
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Daxue Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan 30010
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Daxue Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan 30010
| | - Hsueh-Ju Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Daxue Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan 30010
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Daxue Road, East District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan 30010
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Sasaki H, Yokouchi Y, Nukazawa T, Iwamoto T. Rapid and Mild Synthesis of an NHC-Coordinated Bis(trimethylsilyl)silylene via Elimination of Halotrimethylsilane. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokouchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takumi Nukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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