1
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Buljubasich L. Single-Shot MRI in parahydrogen hyperpolarized samples. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 365:107740. [PMID: 39047540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The site-specific signal enhancement provided by parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) may be combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study chemical and biomolecular processes. However, imaging of hydrogen nuclei (1H) is hampered by background signals arising from the presence of thermally polarized nuclei. Additionally, fast imaging sequences are commonly based on multiple radio-frequency pulses, where the signals resulting from PHIP oscillate due to the evolution with a J-coupling Hamiltonian. In this article, an innovative imaging scheme for single-scan MRI is presented that effectively detects hyperpolarized components while simultaneously canceling out thermal contributions. This method is based on the quenching of inherent oscillations of PHIP-originated signals due to J-couplings during the multipulse sequence and the suppression of thermal signals by spin dynamics and a tailored restructuring of the k-space. A series of numerical simulations on specific two- and three-spin systems serve to support the feasibility of the approach. Furthermore, this theoretical study demonstrates the potential of combining hyperpolarization and long-lived states (PHIP and LLS) in the selected molecules, which could be seen as a preliminary step towards the development of fast imaging techniques, for example in the field of biomolecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buljubasich
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Atronomía, Física y Computación, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET. Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG), Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Theiss F, Lins J, Kergassner J, Wienands L, Döller S, Buntkowsky G. Two fields are better than one - A multifunctional (semi)automated setup for quantitative measurements of parahydrogen-induced signal enhancement at low and high fields. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 362:107673. [PMID: 38598990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarization (PHIP) and its diverse array of applications highlights the critical need for enhanced signals in both 1H NMR and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Simultaneously, there is an increasing interest in utilizing benchtop NMR analysis across various laboratory settings. However, due to their lower magnetic fields, benchtop NMR spectrometers inherently produce weaker signal intensities. Here, PHIP is a well-established solution to this challenge. Consequently, we are expanding our cost-effective PHIP setup from a high-field NMR spectrometer (11.7 T) to include an additional benchtop NMR spectrometer (1.4 T), thereby enabling concurrent execution of PHIP experiments and measurements. Through the implementation of automated experimental protocols, we aim to minimize experiment time while increasing reproducibility. In this work, a non-isotope labelled propargyl alcohol sample is used at low concentrations to demonstrate our setup's capabilities. It could be shown that single-scan PASADENA experiments can be run with comparable signal enhancements at the benchtop as well as the high-field spectrometer. At 1.4 T, fully automated PHIP pseudo-2D measurements will also be demonstrated. Additionally, two different field profiles for the spin-order transfer of p-H2 to 13C at zero- to ultralow fields are elaborated upon. The setup facilitates the measurement of carbon signal enhancement of more than 2000 on the benchtop NMR spectrometer, employing a straightforward one-pulse, one-scan experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Kergassner
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sonja Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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3
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Theiss F, Wienands L, Lins J, Alcaraz-Janßen M, Thiele CM, Buntkowsky G. Parahydrogen-induced polarization enables the single-scan NMR detection of a 236 kDa biopolymer at nanomolar concentrations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10117. [PMID: 37344547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments utilizing parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) were performed to elucidate the PHIP activity of the synthetic 236 kDa biopolymer poly-γ-(4-propargyloxy)-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PPOBLG). The homopolypeptide was successfully hyperpolarized and the enhanced signals were detected in 11.7 T solution NMR as a function of the PPOBLG concentration. The hydrogenation with parahydrogen caused signal enhancements of 800 and more for the vinyl protons of the side chain at low substrate concentration. As a result of this high enhancement factor, even at 13 nM of PPOBLG, a single scan 1H-NMR detection of the hyperpolarized protons was possible, owing to the combination of hyperpolarization and density of PHIP active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcel Alcaraz-Janßen
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Teleanu F, Hanganu A, Tuta C, Sadet A, Voda MA, Vasos PR. Multiple Stroboscopic Detection of Long-Lived Nuclear Magnetization for Glutathione Oxidation Kinetics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4247-4251. [PMID: 37126581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imaging the molecular kinetics of antioxidants by magnetic resonance can contribute to the mechanistic understanding of therapeutic approaches. Magnetic resonance detection of the response to flashes of oxidative stress requires sequential spectroscopy on the same time scale on which reactive oxygen species are generated. To this effect, we propose a single-polarization multiple-detection stroboscopic experiment. We demonstrate this experiment for the follow-up of glutathione oxidation kinetics. On-the-fly stroboscopic detection minimizes the durations necessary for single acquisitions yet necessitates sustaining of magnetization lifetimes. Long-lived proton spin states (LLS) in the cysteine and glycine residues of glutathione with TLLS up to 16 s are reached. Based on 1H LLS, we followed fast oxidation kinetics in the glutathione redox pair GSH/GSSG. This new detection method allows sampling of long-lived spin order multiple times via small flip-angle excitations. This establishes the ground for the follow-up of redox processes detecting GSH/GSSG kinetics as magnetic-resonance biomarker of FLASH oxidative processes on time scales of tens of seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Teleanu
- Biophysics and Biomedical Applications Laboratory and Group, LGED, ELI-NP, Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, Reactorului Street, no. 30, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Anamaria Hanganu
- "C. D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, ICOS, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202B, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Tuta
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, DRMR, Reactorului Street, no. 30, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Aude Sadet
- Biophysics and Biomedical Applications Laboratory and Group, LGED, ELI-NP, Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, Reactorului Street, no. 30, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihai A Voda
- Biophysics and Biomedical Applications Laboratory and Group, LGED, ELI-NP, Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, Reactorului Street, no. 30, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Paul R Vasos
- Biophysics and Biomedical Applications Laboratory and Group, LGED, ELI-NP, Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering IFIN-HH, Reactorului Street, no. 30, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
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5
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Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Carrara SC, Rösler L, Hofmann S, Herr K, Theiß F, Wienands L, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Parahydrogen-induced polarization allows 2000-fold signal enhancement in biologically active derivatives of the peptide-based drug octreotide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6388. [PMID: 37076553 PMCID: PMC10115808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has shown its efficacy for the diagnostics and treatment of various types of cancer, i.e., in octreotide scan, as radio-marker after labelling with a radiopharmaceutical. To avoid toxicity of radio-labeling, octreotide-based assays can be implemented into magnetic resonance techniques, such as MRI and NMR. Here we used a Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP) approach as a cheap, fast and straightforward method. Introduction of L-propargyl tyrosine as a PHIP marker at different positions of octreotide by manual Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) led to up to 2000-fold proton signal enhancement (SE). Cell binding studies confirmed that all octreotide variants retained strong binding affinity to the surface of human-derived cancer cells expressing somatostatin receptor 2. The hydrogenation reactions were successfully performed in methanol and under physiologically compatible mixtures of water with methanol or ethanol. The presented results open up new application areas of biochemical and pharmacological studies with octreotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefania C Carrara
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lorenz Rösler
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin Herr
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Theiß
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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6
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Wang W, Wang Q, Xu J, Deng F. Understanding Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation by Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization NMR Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
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8
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Sonnefeld A, Razanahoera A, Pelupessy P, Bodenhausen G, Sheberstov K. Long-lived states of methylene protons in achiral molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2113. [PMID: 36459545 PMCID: PMC10936052 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the lifetimes of long-lived states (LLSs) are exquisitely sensitive to their environment. However, the number of molecules where such states can be excited has hitherto been rather limited. Here, it is shown that LLSs can be readily excited in many common molecules that contain two or more neighboring CH2 groups. Accessing such LLSs does not require any isotopic enrichment, nor does it require any stereogenic centers to lift the chemical equivalence of CH2 protons. LLSs were excited in a variety of metabolites, neurotransmitters, vitamins, amino acids, and other molecules. One can excite LLSs in several different molecules simultaneously. In combination with magnetic resonance imaging, LLSs can reveal a contrast upon noncovalent binding of ligands to macromolecules. This suggests new perspectives to achieve high-throughput parallel drug screening by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sonnefeld
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Aiky Razanahoera
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pelupessy
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Kirill Sheberstov
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
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9
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Sonnefeld A, Bodenhausen G, Sheberstov K. Polychromatic Excitation of Delocalized Long-Lived Proton Spin States in Aliphatic Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:183203. [PMID: 36374699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived states (LLS) involving pairs of magnetically inequivalent but chemically equivalent proton spins in aliphatic (CH_{2})_{n} chains can be excited by simultaneous application of weak selective radio frequency fields at n chemical shifts by polychromatic spin-lock induced crossing. The LLS are delocalized throughout the aliphatic chains by mixing of intrapair singlet states and by excitation of LLS comprising products of four and six spin operators. The measured lifetimes T_{LLS} in a model compound are about 5 times longer than T_{1} and are strongly affected by interactions with macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sonnefeld
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kirill Sheberstov
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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Miyanishi K, Mizukami W, Motoyama M, Ichijo N, Kagawa A, Negoro M, Kitagawa M. Prediction of 1H Singlet Relaxation via Intermolecular Dipolar Couplings Using the Molecular Dynamics Method. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3530-3538. [PMID: 35538043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization has been applied in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and medical science. To expand the scope of these applications, the nuclear singlet state, which is decoherence-free against dipolar relaxation between spin pairs, has been studied experimentally, theoretically, and numerically. The singlet state composed of proton spins is used in several applications, such as enhanced polarization preservation, molecular tagging to probe slow dynamic processes, and detection of ligand-protein complexes. In this study, we predict the lifetimes of the nuclear spin states composed of proton spin pairs using the molecular dynamics method and quantum chemistry simulations. We consider intramolecular dipolar, intermolecular dipolar between solvent and solute, chemical shift anisotropy, and spin-rotation interactions. In particular, the relaxation rate of intermolecular dipolar interactions is calculated using the molecular dynamics method for various solvents. The calculated values and the experimental values are of the same order of magnitude. Our program would provide insight into the molecular design of several NMR applications and would be helpful in predicting the nuclear spin relaxation time of synthetic molecules in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miyanishi
- Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - W Mizukami
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - M Motoyama
- Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - N Ichijo
- Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - A Kagawa
- Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - M Negoro
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - M Kitagawa
- Division of Advanced Electronics and Optical Science, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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11
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Rayner PJ, Fekete M, Gater CA, Ahwal F, Turner N, Kennerley AJ, Duckett SB. Real-Time High-Sensitivity Reaction Monitoring of Important Nitrogen-Cycle Synthons by 15N Hyperpolarized Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8756-8769. [PMID: 35508182 PMCID: PMC9121385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, we show how
signal amplification by reversible exchange hyperpolarization
of a range of 15N-containing synthons can be used to enable
studies of their reactivity by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance
(NO2– (28% polarization), ND3 (3%), PhCH2NH2 (5%), NaN3 (3%),
and NO3– (0.1%)). A range of iridium-based
spin-polarization transfer catalysts are used, which for NO2– work optimally as an amino-derived carbene-containing
complex with a DMAP-d2 coligand. We harness
long 15N spin-order lifetimes to probe in situ reactivity
out to 3 × T1. In the case of NO2– (T1 17.7 s
at 9.4 T), we monitor PhNH2 diazotization in acidic solution.
The resulting diazonium salt (15N-T1 38 s) forms within 30 s, and its subsequent reaction with
NaN3 leads to the detection of hyperpolarized PhN3 (T1 192 s) in a second step via the
formation of an identified cyclic pentazole intermediate. The role
of PhN3 and NaN3 in copper-free click chemistry
is exemplified for hyperpolarized triazole (T1 < 10 s) formation when they react with a strained alkyne.
We also demonstrate simple routes to hyperpolarized N2 in
addition to showing how utilization of 15N-polarized PhCH2NH2 enables the probing of amidation, sulfonamidation,
and imine formation. Hyperpolarized ND3 is used to probe
imine and ND4+ (T1 33.6 s) formation. Furthermore, for NO2–, we also demonstrate how the 15N-magnetic resonance imaging
monitoring of biphasic catalysis confirms the successful preparation
of an aqueous bolus of hyperpolarized 15NO2– in seconds with 8% polarization. Hence, we create
a versatile tool to probe organic transformations that has significant
relevance for the synthesis of future hyperpolarized pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Callum A Gater
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Norman Turner
- Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Aneurin J Kennerley
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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12
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Buntkowsky G, Theiss F, Lins J, Miloslavina YA, Wienands L, Kiryutin A, Yurkovskaya A. Recent advances in the application of parahydrogen in catalysis and biochemistry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12477-12506. [PMID: 35480380 PMCID: PMC9039419 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are analytical and diagnostic tools that are essential for a very broad field of applications, ranging from chemical analytics, to non-destructive testing of materials and the investigation of molecular dynamics, to in vivo medical diagnostics and drug research. One of the major challenges in their application to many problems is the inherent low sensitivity of magnetic resonance, which results from the small energy-differences of the nuclear spin-states. At thermal equilibrium at room temperature the normalized population difference of the spin-states, called the Boltzmann polarization, is only on the order of 10-5. Parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, which has widespread applications in Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Medical Imaging. PHIP creates its signal-enhancements by means of a reversible (SABRE) or irreversible (classic PHIP) chemical reaction between the parahydrogen, a catalyst, and a substrate. Here, we first give a short overview about parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization techniques and then review the current literature on method developments and applications of various flavors of the PHIP experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franziska Theiss
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yuliya A Miloslavina
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexey Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Alexandra Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
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13
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Symmetry Constraints on Spin Order Transfer in Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP). Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the association of parahydrogen (pH2) with an unsaturated molecule or a transient metalorganic complex can enhance the intensity of NMR signals; the effect is known as parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). During recent decades, numerous methods were proposed for converting pH2-derived nuclear spin order to the observable magnetization of protons or other nuclei of interest, usually 13C or 15N. Here, we analyze the constraints imposed by the topological symmetry of the spin systems on the amplitude of transferred polarization. We find that in asymmetric systems, heteronuclei can be polarized to 100%. However, the amplitude drops to 75% in A2BX systems and further to 50% in A3B2X systems. The latter case is of primary importance for biological applications of PHIP using sidearm hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH). If the polarization is transferred to the same type of nuclei, i.e., 1H, symmetry constraints impose significant boundaries on the spin-order distribution. For AB, A2B, A3B, A2B2, AA’(AA’) systems, the maximum average polarization for each spin is 100%, 50%, 33.3%, 25%, and 0, respectively, (where A and B (or A’) came from pH2). Remarkably, if the polarization of all spins in a molecule is summed up, the total polarization grows asymptotically with ~1.27 and can exceed 2 in the absence of symmetry constraints (where is the number of spins). We also discuss the effect of dipole–dipole-induced pH2 spin-order distribution in heterogeneous catalysis or nematic liquid crystals. Practical examples from the literature illustrate our theoretical analysis.
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14
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Huang C, Peng Y, Lin E, Ni Z, Lin X, Zhan H, Huang Y, Chen Z. Adaptable Singlet-Filtered Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Chemical and Biological Applications. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4201-4208. [PMID: 35238535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy presents a powerful detection tool for studying chemical compositions and molecular structures. In practical chemical and biological applications, 1H NMR experiments are generally confronted with the challenge of spectral congestions caused by abundant observable components and intrinsic limitations of a narrow frequency distribution range and extensive J coupling splitting. Herein, a one-dimensional (1D) general NMR method is proposed to individually extract the signals of targeted proton groups based on their endogenous spin singlet states excited from J coupling interactions, and it is suitable for high-resolution detections on complex chemical and biological samples. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental observations on chemical solutions containing different coupled components, intact grape tissues subjected to crowded resonances, and in vitro pig brain with various metabolites. Moreover, the proposed method is further exploited for magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications by directly combining the spatial localization module, showing promise in in vivo biological metabolite studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengda Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Enping Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhikai Ni
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haolin Zhan
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Siming South Road 422, Xiamen 361005, China
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15
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Barker SJ, Dagys L, Hale W, Ripka B, Eills J, Sharma M, Levitt MH, Utz M. Direct Production of a Hyperpolarized Metabolite on a Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3260-3267. [PMID: 35147413 PMCID: PMC9096798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Microfluidic systems hold great potential
for the study of live
microscopic cultures of cells, tissue samples, and small organisms.
Integration of hyperpolarization would enable quantitative studies
of metabolism in such volume limited systems by high-resolution NMR
spectroscopy. We demonstrate, for the first time, the integrated generation
and detection of a hyperpolarized metabolite on a microfluidic chip.
The metabolite [1-13C]fumarate is produced in a nuclear
hyperpolarized form by (i) introducing para-enriched hydrogen into
the solution by diffusion through a polymer membrane, (ii) reaction
with a substrate in the presence of a ruthenium-based catalyst, and
(iii) conversion of the singlet-polarized reaction product into a
magnetized form by the application of a radiofrequency pulse sequence,
all on the same microfluidic chip. The microfluidic device delivers
a continuous flow of hyperpolarized material at the 2.5 μL/min
scale, with a polarization level of 4%. We demonstrate two methods
for mitigating singlet–triplet mixing effects which otherwise
reduce the achieved polarization level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia J Barker
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laurynas Dagys
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - William Hale
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, United States
| | - Barbara Ripka
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany.,GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manvendra Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Eills J, Hale W, Utz M. Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 128:44-69. [PMID: 35282869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-time process monitoring with chemical specificity. It is ideally suited for observing metabolic and other biological and chemical processes in microfluidic systems. However, its intrinsically low sensitivity has limited its application. Recent advances in nuclear hyperpolarization techniques may change this: under special circumstances, it is possible to enhance NMR signals by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which dramatically extends the utility of NMR in the context of microfluidic systems. Hyperpolarization requires complex chemical and/or physical manipulations, which in turn may benefit from microfluidic implementation. In fact, many hyperpolarization methodologies rely on processes that are more efficient at the micro-scale, such as molecular diffusion, penetration of electromagnetic radiation into a sample, or restricted molecular mobility on a surface. In this review we examine the confluence between the fields of hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR and microfluidics, and assess how these areas of research have mutually benefited one another, and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - William Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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17
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Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Schmidt AB. Frequency-Selective Manipulations of Spins allow Effective and Robust Transfer of Spin Order from Parahydrogen to Heteronuclei in Weakly-Coupled Spin Systems. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100721. [PMID: 34874086 PMCID: PMC9306892 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a selectively pulsed (SP) generation of sequences to transfer the spin order of parahydrogen (pH2) to heteronuclei in weakly coupled spin systems. We analyze and discuss the mechanism and efficiency of SP spin order transfer (SOT) and derive sequence parameters. These new sequences are most promising for the hyperpolarization of molecules at high magnetic fields. SP‐SOT is effective and robust despite the symmetry of the 1H‐13C J‐couplings even when precursor molecules are not completely labeled with deuterium. As only one broadband 1H pulse is needed per sequence, which can be replaced for instance by a frequency‐modulated pulse, lower radiofrequency (RF) power is required. This development will be useful to hyperpolarize (new) agents and to perform the hyperpolarization within the bore of an MRI system, where the limited RF power has been a persistent problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University Department, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Sheberstov KF, Kozinenko VP, Kiryutin AS, Vieth H, Zimmermann H, Ivanov KL, Yurkovskaya AV. Hyperpolarization of cis- 15 N 2 -Azobenzene by Parahydrogen at Ultralow Magnetic Fields*. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1527-1534. [PMID: 33932314 PMCID: PMC8361944 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of nuclear spins hyperpolarization, and the search for molecules that can be efficiently hyperpolarized is an active area in nuclear magnetic resonance. In this work we present a detailed study of SABRE SHEATH (signal amplification by reversible exchange in shield enabled alignment transfer to heteronuclei) experiments on 15 N2 -azobenzene. In SABRE SHEATH experiments the nuclear spins of the target are hyperpolarized through transfer of spin polarization from parahydrogen at ultralow fields during a reversible chemical process. Azobenzene exists in two isomers, trans and cis. We show that all nuclear spins in cis-azobenzene can be efficiently hyperpolarized by SABRE at suitable magnetic fields. Enhancement factors (relative to 9.4 T) reach up to 3000 for 15 N spins and up to 30 for the 1 H spins. We compare two approaches to observe either hyperpolarized magnetization of 15 N/1 H spins, or hyperpolarized singlet order of the 15 N spin pair. The results presented here will be useful for further experiments in which hyperpolarized cis-15 N2 -azobenzene is switched by light to trans-15 N2 -azobenzene for storing the produced hyperpolarization in the long-lived spin state of the 15 N pair of trans-15 N2 -azobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill F. Sheberstov
- Institut für PhysikJohannes Gutenberg Universität-Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Helmholtz-Institut MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung55128MainzGermany
| | - Vitaly P. Kozinenko
- International Tomography Center SB RASNovosibirsk630090Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kiryutin
- International Tomography Center SB RASNovosibirsk630090Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia
| | | | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Department of Biomolecular MechanismsMax-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Konstantin L. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center SB RASNovosibirsk630090Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia
| | - Alexandra V. Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center SB RASNovosibirsk630090Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia
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19
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Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Shchepin RV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Heterogeneous 1 H and 13 C Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Acetate and Pyruvate Esters. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1389-1396. [PMID: 33929077 PMCID: PMC8249325 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of [1-13 C]hyperpolarized carboxylates (most notably, [1-13 C]pyruvate) allows one to visualize abnormal metabolism in tumors and other pathologies. Herein, we investigate the efficiency of 1 H and 13 C hyperpolarization of acetate and pyruvate esters with ethyl, propyl and allyl alcoholic moieties using heterogeneous hydrogenation of corresponding vinyl, allyl and propargyl precursors in isotopically unlabeled and 1-13 C-enriched forms with parahydrogen over Rh/TiO2 catalysts in methanol-d4 and in D2 O. The maximum obtained 1 H polarization was 0.6±0.2 % (for propyl acetate in CD3 OD), while the highest 13 C polarization was 0.10±0.03 % (for ethyl acetate in CD3 OD). Hyperpolarization of acetate esters surpassed that of pyruvates, while esters with a triple carbon-carbon bond in unsaturated alcoholic moiety were less efficient as parahydrogen-induced polarization precursors than esters with a double bond. Among the compounds studied, the maximum 1 H and 13 C NMR signal intensities were observed for propyl acetate. Ethyl acetate yielded slightly less intense NMR signals which were dramatically greater than those of other esters under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 57701, Rapid City, South Dakota, United States
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Abstract
Nuclear long-lived spin states represent spin density operator configurations that are exceptionally well protected against spin relaxation phenomena. Their long-lived character is exploited in a variety of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques. Despite the growing importance of long-lived spin states in modern NMR, strategies for their identification have changed little over the last decade. The standard approach heavily relies on a chain of group theoretical arguments. In this paper, we present a more streamlined method for the calculation of such configurations. Instead of focusing on the symmetry properties of the relaxation superoperator, we focus on its corresponding relaxation algebra. This enables us to analyze long-lived spin states with Lie algebraic methods rather than group theoretical arguments. We show that the centralizer of the relaxation algebra forms a basis for the set of long-lived spin states. The characterization of the centralizer, on the other hand, does not rely on any special symmetry arguments, and its calculation is straightforward. We outline a basic algorithm and illustrate advantages by considering long-lived spin states for some spin-1/2 pairs and rapidly rotating methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bengs
- School of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ United Kingdom
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21
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Laine S, Morfin JF, Galibert M, Aucagne V, Bonnet CS, Tóth É. Lanthanide DO3A-Complexes Bearing Peptide Substrates: The Effect of Peptidic Side Chains on Metal Coordination and Relaxivity. Molecules 2021; 26:2176. [PMID: 33918899 PMCID: PMC8069257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two DO3A-type ligands conjugated to substrates of urokinase (L3) and caspase-3 (L4) via a propyl-amide linker were synthesized and their lanthanide(III) (Ln3+) complexes studied. A model compound without peptide substrate (L2) and an amine derivative ligand mimicking the state after enzymatic cleavage (L1) were also prepared. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (NMRD) profiles recorded on the gadolinium(III) (Gd3+) complexes, complemented with the assessment of hydration numbers via luminescence lifetime measurements on the Eu3+ analogues, allowed us to characterize the lanthanide coordination sphere in the chelates. These data suggest that the potential donor groups of the peptide side chains (carboxylate, amine) interfere in metal coordination, leading to non-hydrated LnL3 and LnL4 complexes. Nevertheless, GdL3 and GdL4 retain a relatively high relaxivity due to an important second-sphere contribution generated by the strongly hydrophilic peptide chain. Weak PARACEST effects are detected for the amine-derivative EuL1 and NdL1 chelates. Unfortunately, the GdL3 and GdL4 complexes are not significantly converted by the enzymes. The lack of enzymatic recognition of these complexes can likely be explained by the participation of donor groups from the peptide side chain in metal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (S.L.); (J.-F.M.); (M.G.); (V.A.); (C.S.B.)
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22
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Eills J, Cavallari E, Kircher R, Di Matteo G, Carrera C, Dagys L, Levitt MH, Ivanov KL, Aime S, Reineri F, Münnemann K, Budker D, Buntkowsky G, Knecht S. Singlet-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Unlocking Hyperpolarization with Metabolism*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6791-6798. [PMID: 33340439 PMCID: PMC7986935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can be used to study biomolecular processes in the body, but typically requires nuclei such as 13 C, 15 N, or 129 Xe due to their long spin-polarization lifetimes and the absence of a proton-background signal from water and fat in the images. Here we present a novel type of 1 H imaging, in which hyperpolarized spin order is locked in a nonmagnetic long-lived correlated (singlet) state, and is only liberated for imaging by a specific biochemical reaction. In this work we produce hyperpolarized fumarate via chemical reaction of a precursor molecule with para-enriched hydrogen gas, and the proton singlet order in fumarate is released as antiphase NMR signals by enzymatic conversion to malate in D2 O. Using this model system we show two pulse sequences to rephase the NMR signals for imaging and suppress the background signals from water. The hyperpolarization-enhanced 1 H-imaging modality presented here can allow for hyperpolarized imaging without the need for low-abundance, low-sensitivity heteronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eills
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung64291DarmstadtGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - E. Cavallari
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino10126Italy
| | - R. Kircher
- Technical University of Kaiserslautern67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - G. Di Matteo
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino10126Italy
| | - C. Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and BioimagingNational Research Council of ItalyTorino10126Italy
| | - L. Dagys
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJVereinigtes Königreich
| | - M. H. Levitt
- School of ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJVereinigtes Königreich
| | - K. L. Ivanov
- International Tomography CenterSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of ScienceNovosibirsk630090Russia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia
| | - S. Aime
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino10126Italy
| | - F. Reineri
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorino10126Italy
| | - K. Münnemann
- Technical University of Kaiserslautern67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - D. Budker
- Helmholtz Institute MainzGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung64291DarmstadtGermany
- Johannes Gutenberg University55090MainzGermany
| | - G. Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Physical, ChemistryTechnical University Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany
| | - S. Knecht
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Physical, ChemistryTechnical University Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany
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