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Sha M, Liu F, Miao M, Meng Q, Luo F, Wei X. Diverse Microstructures and Quasi-Ionic Liquid-like Transport Mechanisms in Concentrated "Water-in-Salt" Lithium Salt Electrolytes: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8736-8742. [PMID: 39162359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
"Water-in-salt"(WIS) electrolytes as potential green and nonflammable electrolytes are currently applied in various energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. However, the microstructure at molecular scale and fast ion transport mechanism in such aqueous electrolytes are still under heavy debate due to the complex interactions among ions and water. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the microstructure and ion transport behaviors from the very dilute LiTFSI/water solution to the highly concentrated WIS electrolytes. It revealed that the diverse microstructures such as completely hydrated ions, ion complexes, and bridge-water molecules are jointly responsible for the electrochemical stability of WIS electrolytes. Diffusion model analysis showed that the Li+ ions exhibit a vehicular transport mechanism with first shell water molecules and structural diffusion mechanism with TFSI- anions. The lithium ion and its first hydration shell act as a single cationic entity. The entity forms a quasi-ionic liquid-like dynamic transport structure with associated anions. Our study challenges previous findings that the high transport dynamics of lithium ions arises from their transport in water-rich nanodomains in high-concentration WIS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Sha
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Meng Miao
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Qiangqiang Meng
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Fabao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, China
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2
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Feng F, Liu Z, Yan Y, Gong M, Wang G, Chi C, Qi B, Huangfu C, Yang X, Cao K, Meng F, Wei T, Fan Z. Interacted Ternary Component Ensuring High-Security Eutectic Electrolyte for High Performance Sodium-Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403275. [PMID: 38934359 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to the intrinsic flame-retardant, eutectic electrolytes are considered a promising candidate for sodium-metal batteries (SMBs). However, the high viscosity and ruinous side reaction with Na metal anode greatly hinder their further development. Herein, based on the Lewis acid-base theory, a new eutectic electrolyte (EE) composed of sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI), succinonitrile (SN), and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is reported. As a strong Lewis base, the ─C≡N group of SN can effectively weaken the interaction between Na+ and TFSI-, achieving the dynamic equilibrium and reducing the viscosity of EE. Moreover, the FEC additive shows a low energy level to construct thicker and denser solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Na metal surface, which can effectively eliminate the side reaction between EE and Na metal anode. Therefore, EE-1:6 + 5% FEC shows high ionic conductivity (2.62 mS cm-1) and ultra-high transference number of Na+ (0.96). The Na||Na symmetric cell achieves stable Na plating/stripping for 1100 h and Na||Na3V2(PO4)3/C cell shows superior long-term cycling stability over 2000 cycles (99.1% retention) at 5 C. More importantly, the Na||NVP/C pouch cell demonstrates good cycling performance of 102.1 mAh g-1 after 135 cycles at 0.5 C with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.63%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yingchun Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Min Gong
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Guanwen Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chunlei Chi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Bin Qi
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Chao Huangfu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Xinhou Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Fanshuai Meng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Tong Wei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Zhuangjun Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong-Qingdao Campus, Qingdao, 266580, China
- Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
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Luo Z, He Y, Hui J, Yang S, Li B. Uncovering Temperature-Insensitive Feature of Phase Change Thermal Storage Electrolyte for Safe Lithium Battery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403609. [PMID: 38923754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as highly promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, their safety concern, particularly under thermal shock, hinders their widespread applications. Herein, a temperature-insensitive electrolyte (TI-electrolyte) with exceptional resistance to thermal stimuli is presented to address the safety issues arising from the lack of thermal abuse tolerance in LIBs. The TI-electrolyte is composed of two phase-change polymers with differentiation melting points (60 and 35°C for polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol respectively), delivering a wide temperature-resistant range. It is demonstrated that the TI-electrolyte possesses a heat capacity of 27.3 J g-1. The crystalline region in the TI-electrolyte shrinks when confronted with above-ambient temperature, absorbing heat to unlock molecular chains fixed in the crystal lattice, becoming amorphous. Notably, the Li||LFP pouch cell delays 3 valuable minutes to achieve the same temperature as conventional liquid electrolytes (LE) when subjected to thermal shocks, paralleling with the simulation results. Moreover, symmetrical Li||Li cell cycles stably for over 600 h at 0.1 mA cm-2, and Li||LFP full cell demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, with a capacity of 142.7 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C, thus representing a critical approach to enhancing the safety of LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Luo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yulong He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia Hui
- Engineering Technology and Materials Research Center, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shubin Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Kim Y, Choi E, Kim S, Byon HR. Layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) for oxygen evolution reactions and aqueous Li-ion batteries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10644-10663. [PMID: 37829040 PMCID: PMC10566458 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective paper comprehensively explores recent electrochemical studies on layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) in aqueous media and specifically encompasses two topics: catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodes of aqueous lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). They involve conflicting requirements; OER catalysts aim to facilitate water dissociation, while for cathodes in aqueous LiBs it is essential to suppress water dissociation. The interfacial reactions taking place at the LTMO in these two distinct systems are of particular significance. We show various strategies for designing LTMO materials for each desired aim based on an in-depth understanding of electrochemical interfacial reactions. This paper sheds light on how regulating the LTMO interface can contribute to efficient water splitting and economical energy storage, all with a single material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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Paillot M, Wong A, Denisov SA, Soudan P, Poizot P, Montigny B, Mostafavi M, Gauthier M, Le Caër S. Predicting Degradation Mechanisms in Lithium Bistriflimide "Water-In-Salt" Electrolytes For Aqueous Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300692. [PMID: 37385952 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions are crucial to most domains in biology and chemistry, including in energy fields such as catalysis and batteries. Water-in-salt electrolytes (WISEs), which extend the stability of aqueous electrolytes in rechargeable batteries, are one example. While the hype for WISEs is huge, commercial WISE-based rechargeable batteries are still far from reality, and there remain several fundamental knowledge gaps such as those related to their long-term reactivity and stability. Here, we propose a comprehensive approach to accelerating the study of WISE reactivity by using radiolysis to exacerbate the degradation mechanisms of concentrated LiTFSI-based aqueous solutions. We find that the nature of the degradation species depends strongly on the molality of the electrolye, with degradation routes driven by the water or the anion at low or high molalities, respectively. The main aging products are consistent with those observed by electrochemical cycling, yet radiolysis also reveals minor degradation species, providing a unique glimpse of the long-term (un)stability of these electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaurie Paillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alan Wong
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sergey A Denisov
- Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 349, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Soudan
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Philippe Poizot
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Benedicte Montigny
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, France
| | - Mehran Mostafavi
- Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 349, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Magali Gauthier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Le Caër
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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6
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Yu L, Huang J, Wang S, Qi L, Wang S, Chen C. Ionic Liquid "Water Pocket" for Stable and Environment-Adaptable Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210789. [PMID: 36848503 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The strong reactivity of water in aqueous electrolytes toward metallic zinc (Zn), especially at aggressive operating conditions, remains the fundamental obstacle to the commercialization of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs). Here, a water-immiscible ionic liquid diluent 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (EmimFSI) is reported that can substantially suppress the water activity of aqueous electrolyte by serving as a "water pocket", enveloping the highly active H2 O-dominated Zn2+ solvates and protecting them from parasitic reactions. During Zn deposition, the cation Emim+ and anion FSI- function respectively in mitigating the tip effect and regulating the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), thereby favoring a smooth Zn deposition layer protected by inorganic species-enriched SEI featuring high uniformity and stability. Combined with the boosted chemical/electrochemical stability endowed by the intrinsic merits of ionic liquid, this ionic liquid-incorporated aqueous electrolyte (IL-AE) enables the stable operation of Zn||Zn0.25 V2 O5 ·nH2 O cells even at a challenging temperature of 60 °C (>85% capacity retention over 400 cycles). Finally, as an incidental but practically valuable benefit, the near-zero vapor pressure nature of ionic liquid allows the efficient separation and recovery of high-value components from the spent electrolyte via a mild and green approach, promising the sustainable future of IL-AE in realizing practical AZMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Sijun Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Luhe Qi
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Chaoji Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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7
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Amiri M, Bélanger D. Intermolecular Interactions and Electrochemical Studies on Highly Concentrated Acetate-Based Water-in-Salt and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2979-2990. [PMID: 36952601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-salt electrolytes constitute a new class of materials that have distinct properties relative to lower-concentration solutions. A recent approach to further increase the salt concentration and decrease the water content includes the addition of an ionic liquid to a highly concentrated aqueous solution. However, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of aqueous lithium acetate-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate solutions as well as the molecular interactions between electrolyte species have not been characterized. Here, we investigate these properties by evaluation of the ionic conductivity, viscosity, and thermal properties as well as the electrochemical behavior of various electrodes in these electrolytes. The intermolecular interactions are probed by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies. We find that the addition of the ionic liquid increases the solubility limit of lithium acetate and that with an increase in both acetate salt and ionic liquid concentration in the electrolyte and decrease in water concentration, a strong acetate-water network is formed. The electrochemical stability window increases upon addition of the ionic liquid and reaches a value larger than 5 V for a set of negative Al and positive Ti electrodes in the highest acetate salt/ionic liquid concentration. Preliminary electrochemical charge storage performance measurements of a symmetric device based on two porous carbon electrodes cycled at a current density of 25 mA g-1 delivered a specific capacitance of 20 F g-1 with a Coulombic efficiency higher than 99% using a 1.8 V voltage window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Daniel Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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8
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Water-in-salt electrolytes made saltier by Gemini ionic liquids for highly efficient Li-ion batteries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2154. [PMID: 36750658 PMCID: PMC9905052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The water-in-salt electrolytes have promoted aqueous Li-ion batteries to become one of the most promising candidates to overcome safety concerns/issues of traditional Li-ion batteries. A simple increase of Li-salt concentration in electrolytes can successfully expand the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes beyond 2 V. However, necessary stability improvements require an increase in complexity of the ternary electrolytes. Here, we have explored the effects of novel, Gemini-type ionic liquids (GILs) as a co-solvent systems in aqueous Li[TFSI] mixtures and investigated the transport properties of the resulting electrolytes, as well as their electrochemical performance. The devices containing pyrrolidinium-based GILs show superior cycling stability and promising specific capacity in the cells based on the commonly used electrode materials LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and LMO (LiMn2O4).
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9
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Tibbetts CA, Wyatt AB, Luther BM, Rappé AK, Krummel AT. Dicyanamide Anion Reports on Water Induced Local Structural and Dynamic Heterogeneity in Ionic Liquid Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:932-943. [PMID: 36655844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of limited amounts (under 21.6% χWater) of water on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BmimDCA) room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) mixtures were characterized by tracking changes in the linear and two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) vibrational features of the dicyanamide anion (DCA). Peak shifts with increasing water suggest the formation of water-associated and nonwater-associated DCA populations. Further results showed clear differences in the dynamic behavior of these different populations of DCA at low (defined here as below 2.5% χWater), mid (defined here as between 2.5% χWater and 9.6% χWater), and high (defined here as between 11.6% χWater and 21.6% χWater) range water concentrations. Vibrational relaxation is accelerated with increasing water content for water-associated populations of DCA, indicating water facilitates population relaxation, possibly through the provision of additional bath modes. Conversely, spectral diffusion of water-associated populations slowed dramatically with increasing water, suggesting that water drives the formation of distinct and noninterchangeable or very slowly interchangeable local solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara A Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523-1972, United States
| | - Autumn B Wyatt
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523-1972, United States
| | - Bradley M Luther
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523-1972, United States
| | - Anthony K Rappé
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523-1972, United States
| | - Amber T Krummel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado80523-1972, United States
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Dziubinska-Kühn K, Maddah M, Pupier M, Matysik J, Viger-Gravel J, Kowalska M, Karg B. Influence of alkali metals on water dynamics inside imidazolium-based ionic liquid nano-domains. Front Chem 2022; 10:1028912. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1028912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global need to expand the design of energy-storage devices led to the investigation of alkali metal - Ionic Liquid (IL) mixtures as a possible class of electrolytes. In this study, 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as well as Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the intermolecular interactions in imidazolium-based IL - water - alkali halide ternary mixtures. The 1H and 23Na 1D and 1H DOSY NMR spectra revealed that the presence of small quantities of NaCl does not influence the aggregation of water molecules in the IL nano-domains. The order of adding ionic compounds to water, as well as the certain water and NaCl molecular ratios, lead to the formation of isolated water clusters. Two ternary solutions representing different orders of compounds mixing (H2O+ IL + NaCl or H2O+ NaCl + IL) showed a strong dependence of the initial solvation shell of Na+ and the self-clustering of water. Furthermore, the behaviour of water was found to be independent from the conditions applied during the solution preparation, such as temperature and/or duration of stirring and aging. These findings could be confirmed by large differences in the amount of ionic species, observed in the ternary solutions and depending on the order of mixing/solute preparation.
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11
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Dhattarwal HS, Kashyap HK. Heterogeneity and Nanostructure of Superconcentrated LiTFSI-EmimTFSI Hybrid Aqueous Electrolytes: Beyond the 21 m Limit of Water-in-Salt Electrolyte. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5291-5304. [PMID: 35819799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids such as EmimTFSI (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) have been found to improve the solubility of LiTFSI salt in water-in-salt electrolyte (WiSE) from 21 to 60 m. However, the molecular origin of such enhancement in the solubility is still unknown. In the present work, we elucidate the microscopic structures of LiTFSI-EmimTFSI-based hybrid aqueous electrolytes and compare them with the structure of LiTFSI-based WiSE using molecular dynamics simulations. Our analysis reveals the presence of alternating water-rich clusters and TFSI-rich extended domains in the WiSE. In these clusters and domains, the Li+ ions reside such that the total number of oxygen atoms around them is conserved to four, where water contributes about three oxygen atoms. The addition of EmimTFSI in the WiSE results in removal of water from the nearest-neighbor solvation shell of TFSI- ions but not from the Li+ ions. Significant structural changes are observed when LiTFSI salt is further added to LiTFSI-EmimTFSI aqueous solution. In both the hybrid electrolytes, water and Emim+ cations are found to avoid each other. The simulated X-ray scattering structure factor reveals the presence of larger length-scale heterogeneity in the most concentrated solution of the hybrid aqueous electrolyte. We observe that this nanoscale heterogeneity originates from a water-TFSI-Emim-TFSI-water-TFSI-Emim-TFSI-like arrangement in which Li+ ions are dispersed such that the coordination number of oxygen atoms around them is enhanced to five, wherein the major contribution comes from the TFSI- ions. We envision that the enhanced LiTFSI solubility originates from the replacement of water molecules with TFSI- ions in the first solvation shell of Li+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harender S Dhattarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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12
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An aqueous hydrotropic solution as environmentally benign reaction medium for organic transformations: a short review. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Ming F, Zhu Y, Huang G, Emwas AH, Liang H, Cui Y, Alshareef HN. Co-Solvent Electrolyte Engineering for Stable Anode-Free Zinc Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7160-7170. [PMID: 35436108 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anode-free metal batteries can in principle offer higher energy density, but this requires them to have extraordinary Coulombic efficiency (>99.7%). Although Zn-based metal batteries are promising for stationary storage, the parasitic side reactions make anode-free batteries difficult to achieve in practice. In this work, a salting-in-effect-induced hybrid electrolyte is proposed as an effective strategy that enables both a highly reversible Zn anode and good stability and compatibility toward various cathodes. The as-prepared electrolyte can also work well under a wide temperature range (i.e., from -20 to 50 °C). It is demonstrated that in the presence of propylene carbonate, triflate anions are involved in the Zn2+ solvation sheath structure, even at a low salt concentration (2.14 M). The unique solvation structure results in the reduction of anions, thus forming a hydrophobic solid electrolyte interphase. The waterproof interphase along with the decreased water activity in the hybrid electrolyte effectively prevents side reactions, thus ensuring a stable Zn anode with an unprecedented Coulombic efficiency (99.93% over 500 cycles at 1 mA cm-2). More importantly, we design an anode-free Zn metal battery that exhibits excellent cycling stability (80% capacity retention after 275 cycles at 0.5 mA cm-2). This work provides a universal strategy to design co-solvent electrolytes for anode-free Zn metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwang Ming
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunpei Zhu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gang Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Advanced Nanofabrication Imaging and Characterization Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanfeng Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Li X, Ning F, Luo L, Wu J, Xiang Y, Wu X, Xiong L, Peng X. Initiating a high-temperature zinc ion battery through a triazolium-based ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8394-8403. [PMID: 35424792 PMCID: PMC8984945 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazolium-based ionic liquids (T1, T2 and T3) with or without terminal hydroxyl groups were prepared via Cu(i) catalysed azide-alkyne click chemistry and their properties were investigated using various technologies. The hydroxyl groups obviously affected their physicochemical properties, where with a decrease in the number of hydroxyl groups, their stability and conductivity were enhanced. T1, T2 and T3 showed relatively high thermal stability, and their electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) were 4.76, 4.11 and 3.52 V, respectively. T1S-20 was obtained via the addition of zinc trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (Zn(CF3SO3)2) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to T1, displaying conductivity and ESW values of 1.55 × 10-3 S cm-1 and 6.36 V at 30 °C, respectively. Subsequently, a Zn/Li3V2(PO4)3 battery was assembled using T1S-20 as the electrolyte and its performances at 30 °C and 80 °C were investigated. The battery showed a capacity of 81 mA h g-1 at 30 °C, and its capacity retention rate was 89% after 50 cycles. After increasing the temperature to 80 °C, its initial capacity increased to 111 mA h g-1 with a capacity retention rate of 93.6% after 100 cycles, which was much higher than that of the aqueous electrolyte (WS-20)-based zinc ion battery (71.8%). Simultaneously, the T1S-20 electrolyte-based battery exhibited a good charge/discharge efficiency, and its Coulomb efficiency was 99%. Consequently, the T1S-20 electrolyte displayed a better performance in the Zn/Li3V2(PO4)3 battery than that with the aqueous electrolyte, especially at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Fawen Ning
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Yanhong Xiang
- College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Xianwen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Lizhi Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University Jishou 416000 China
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15
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Lv Y, Xiao Y, Ma L, Zhi C, Chen S. Recent Advances in Electrolytes for "Beyond Aqueous" Zinc-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106409. [PMID: 34806240 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demands for large-scale energy storage, Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) with distinct advantages, including resource abundance, low-cost, high-safety, and acceptable energy density, are considered as potential substitutes for Li-ion batteries. Although numerous efforts are devoted to design and develop high performance cathodes and aqueous electrolytes for ZIBs, many challenges, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, water evaporation, and liquid leakage, have greatly hindered the development of aqueous ZIBs. Developing "beyond aqueous" electrolytes can be able to avoid these issues due to the absence of water, which are beneficial for the achieving of highly efficient ZIBs. In this review, the recent development of the "beyond aqueous" electrolytes, including conventional organic electrolytes, ionic liquid, all-solid-state, quasi-solid-state electrolytes, and deep eutectic electrolytes are presented. The critical issues and the corresponding strategies of the designing of "beyond aqueous" electrolytes for ZIBs are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Longtao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shimou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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16
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Huo F, Ding J, Tong J, He H. Ionic liquid-air interface probed by sum frequency generation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation: influence of alkyl chain length and anion volume. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1979539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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