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Lee SY, Kang DR, Oh JG, Chae IS, Kim JH. Dumbbell-Shaped, Block-Graft Copolymer with Aligned Domains for High-Performance Hydrocarbon Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406796. [PMID: 38730495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Given the environmental concerns surrounding fluoromaterials, the use of high-cost perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in fuel cells and water electrolysis contradicts the pursuit of clean energy systems. Herein, we present a fluorine-free dumbbell-shaped block-graft copolymer, derived from the cost-effective triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS), for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). This unique polymer shape led to the alignment of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic domains along a preferred orientation, resulting in the construction of interconnected proton channels across the membrane. A bicontinuous network allowed efficient proton transport with reduced tortuosity, leading to an exceptional ionic conductivity (249 mS cm-1 at 80 °C and 90 % relative humidity (RH)), despite a low ion exchange capacity (IEC; 1.41). Furthermore, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with our membrane exhibited stable performance over a period of 150 h at 80 °C and 30 % RH. This study demonstrates a novel polymer structure design and highlights a promising outlook for hydrocarbon PEMs as alternatives to PFSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Ru Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Oh
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seok Chae
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wei Z, Huang Z, Liang G, Wang Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Hu T, Zhi C. Starch-mediated colloidal chemistry for highly reversible zinc-based polyiodide redox flow batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3841. [PMID: 38714710 PMCID: PMC11076626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aqueous Zn-I flow batteries utilizing low-cost porous membranes are promising candidates for high-power-density large-scale energy storage. However, capacity loss and low Coulombic efficiency resulting from polyiodide cross-over hinder the grid-level battery performance. Here, we develop colloidal chemistry for iodine-starch catholytes, endowing enlarged-sized active materials by strong chemisorption-induced colloidal aggregation. The size-sieving effect effectively suppresses polyiodide cross-over, enabling the utilization of porous membranes with high ionic conductivity. The developed flow battery achieves a high-power density of 42 mW cm-2 at 37.5 mA cm-2 with a Coulombic efficiency of over 98% and prolonged cycling for 200 cycles at 32.4 Ah L-1posolyte (50% state of charge), even at 50 °C. Furthermore, the scaled-up flow battery module integrating with photovoltaic packs demonstrates practical renewable energy storage capabilities. Cost analysis reveals a 14.3 times reduction in the installed cost due to the applicability of cheap porous membranes, indicating its potential competitiveness for grid energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhaodong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Guojin Liang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shixun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Xie C, Yang R, Wan X, Li H, Ge L, Li X, Zhao G. A High-Proton Conductivity All-Biomass Proton Exchange Membrane Enabled by Adenine and Thymine Modified Cellulose Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1060. [PMID: 38674980 PMCID: PMC11054160 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose fiber materials were considered promising biomaterials due to their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, high hydrophilicity, and cost-effectiveness. However, their low proton conductivity significantly limited their application as proton exchange membranes. The methods previously reported to increase their proton conductivity often introduced non-biodegradable groups and compounds, which resulted in the loss of the basic advantages of this natural polymer in terms of biodegradability. In this work, a green and sustainable strategy was developed to prepare cellulose-based proton exchange membranes that could simultaneously meet sustainability and high-performance criteria. Adenine and thymine were introduced onto the surface of tempo-oxidized nanocellulose fibers (TOCNF) to provide many transition sites for proton conduction. Once modified, the proton conductivity of the TOCNF membrane increased by 31.2 times compared to the original membrane, with a specific surface area that had risen from 6.1 m²/g to 86.5 m²/g. The wet strength also increased. This study paved a new path for the preparation of environmentally friendly membrane materials that could replace the commonly used non-degradable ones, highlighting the potential of nanocellulose fiber membrane materials in sustainable applications such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China; (C.X.); (R.Y.); (X.W.); (H.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Runde Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China; (C.X.); (R.Y.); (X.W.); (H.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Xing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China; (C.X.); (R.Y.); (X.W.); (H.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Haorong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China; (C.X.); (R.Y.); (X.W.); (H.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Liangyao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China; (C.X.); (R.Y.); (X.W.); (H.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China; (C.X.); (R.Y.); (X.W.); (H.L.); (L.G.)
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4
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Liu J, Wu W, Zuo P, Yang Z, Xu T. Ultramicroporous Tröger's Base Framework Membranes for pH-Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:328-334. [PMID: 38436221 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Processable polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation ion exchange membranes (IEMs). However, especially with high ion exchange capacity (IEC), IEMs derived from PIMs suffer from severe swelling, thus, resulting in decreased selectivity. To solve this problem, we report ultramicroporous polymer framework membranes constructed with rigid Tröger's Base network chains, which are fabricated via an organic sol-gel process. These membranes demonstrate excellent antiswelling, with swelling ratios below 4.5% at a high IEC of 2.09 mmol g-1, outperforming currently reported PIM membranes. The rigid ultramicropore confinement and charged modification of pore channels endow membranes with both very high size-exclusion selectivity and competitive ion conductivity. The membranes thus enable the efficient and stable operation of pH-neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). This work presents the advantages of polymer framework materials as IEMs and calls for increasing attention to extending their varieties and utilization in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Shoemaker BA, Haji-Akbari A. Ideal conductor/dielectric model (ICDM): A generalized technique to correct for finite-size effects in molecular simulations of hindered ion transport. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024116. [PMID: 38197447 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular simulations serve as indispensable tools for investigating the kinetics and elucidating the mechanism of hindered ion transport across nanoporous membranes. In particular, recent advancements in advanced sampling techniques have made it possible to access translocation timescales spanning several orders of magnitude. In our prior study [Shoemaker et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 18, 7142 (2022)], we identified significant finite size artifacts in simulations of pressure-driven hindered ion transport through nanoporous graphitic membranes. We introduced the ideal conductor model, which effectively corrects for such artifacts by assuming the feed to be an ideal conductor. In the present work, we introduce the ideal conductor dielectric model (Icdm), a generalization of our earlier model, which accounts for the dielectric properties of both the membrane and the filtrate. Using the Icdm model substantially enhances the agreement among corrected free energy profiles obtained from systems of varying sizes, with notable improvements observed in regions proximate to the pore exit. Moreover, the model has the capability to consider secondary ion passage events, including the transport of a co-ion subsequent to the traversal of a counter-ion, a feature that is absent in our original model. We also investigate the sensitivity of the new model to various implementation details. The Icdm model offers a universally applicable framework for addressing finite size artifacts in molecular simulations of ion transport. It stands as a significant advancement in our quest to use molecular simulations to comprehensively understand and manipulate ion transport processes through nanoporous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Shoemaker
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Amir Haji-Akbari
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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6
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Xu F, Dai L, Qu K, Cao H, Xia Y, Li S, Huang K, Xu Z. Crystallizing Self-Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Ultrafast Proton Transport in Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313571. [PMID: 37885408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) display great potential to be assembled into proton conductive membranes for their uniform and controllable pore structure, yet constructing self-standing COF membrane with high crystallinity to fully exploit their ordered crystalline channels for efficient ionic conduction remains a great challenge. Here, a macromolecular-mediated crystallization strategy is designed to manipulate the crystallization of self-standing COF membrane, where the -SO3 H groups in introduced sulfonated macromolecule chains function as the sites to interact with the precursors of COF and thus offer long-range ordered template for membrane crystallization. The optimized self-standing COF membrane composed of highly-ordered nanopores exhibits high proton conductivity (75 mS cm-1 at 100 % relative humidity and 20 °C) and excellent flow battery performance, outperforming Nafion 212 and reported membranes. Meanwhile, the long-term run of membrane is achieved with the help of the anchoring effect of flexible macromolecule chains. Our work provides inspiration to design self-standing COF membranes with ordered channels for permselective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | | | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Liheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Siyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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7
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Rana M, Alghamdi N, Peng X, Huang Y, Wang B, Wang L, Gentle IR, Hickey S, Luo B. Scientific issues of zinc-bromine flow batteries and mitigation strategies. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220073. [PMID: 38264684 PMCID: PMC10742200 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Zinc-bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale stationary energy storage application due to their inherent scalability and flexibility, low cost, green, and environmentally friendly characteristics. ZBFBs have been commercially available for several years in both grid scale and residential energy storage applications. Nevertheless, their continued development still presents challenges associated with electrodes, separators, electrolyte, as well as their operational chemistry. Therefore, rational design of these components in ZBFBs is of utmost importance to further improve the overall device performance. In this review, the focus is on the scientific understanding of the fundamental electrochemistry and functional components of ZBFBs, with an emphasis on the technical challenges of reaction chemistry, development of functional materials, and their application in ZBFBs. Current limitations of ZBFBs with future research directions in the development of high performance ZBFBs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masud Rana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Norah Alghamdi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesFaculty of ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Xiyue Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Yongxin Huang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ian R. Gentle
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesFaculty of ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Bin Luo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN)The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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8
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Zhu F, Guo W, Fu Y. Functional materials for aqueous redox flow batteries: merits and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8410-8446. [PMID: 37947236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising electrochemical energy storage systems, offering vast potential for large-scale applications. Their unique configuration allows energy and power to be decoupled, making them highly scalable and flexible in design. Aqueous RFBs stand out as the most promising technologies, primarily due to their inexpensive supporting electrolytes and high safety. For aqueous RFBs, there has been a skyrocketing increase in studies focusing on the development of advanced functional materials that offer exceptional merits. They include redox-active materials with high solubility and stability, electrodes with excellent mechanical and chemical stability, and membranes with high ion selectivity and conductivity. This review summarizes the types of aqueous RFBs currently studied, providing an outline of the merits needed for functional materials from a practical perspective. We discuss design principles for redox-active candidates that can exhibit excellent performance, ranging from inorganic to organic active materials, and summarize the development of and need for electrode and membrane materials. Additionally, we analyze the mechanisms that cause battery performance decay from intrinsic features to external influences. We also describe current research priorities and development trends, concluding with a summary of future development directions for functional materials with valuable insights for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
| | - Yongzhu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.
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9
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Zhai L, Chai S, Li T, Li H, He S, He H, Li X, Wu L, Jiang F, Li H. Self-Assembled Construction of Ion-Selective Nanobarriers in Electrolyte Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10414-10422. [PMID: 37930644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion-conducting membranes (ICMs) with high selectivity are important components in redox flow batteries. However it is still a challenge to break the trade-off between ion conductivity and ion selectivity, which can be resolved by the regulation of their nanostructures. Here, polyoxometalate (POM)-hybridized block copolymers (BCPs) are used as self-assembled additives to construct proton-selective nanobarriers in the ICM matrix to improve the microscopic structures and macroscopic properties of ICMs. Benefiting from the co-assembly behavior of BCPs and POMs and their cooperative noncovalent interactions with the polymer matrix, ∼50 nm ellipsoidal functional nanoassemblies with hydrophobic vanadium-shielding cores and hydrophilic proton-conducting shells are constructed in the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) matrix, which leads to an overall enhancement of proton conductivity, proton selectivity, and cell performance. These results present a self-assembly route to construct functional nanostructures for the modification of polymer electrolyte membranes toward emerging energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Shengchao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Haibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Siqi He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Fengjing Jiang
- CIC energiGUNE, Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Haolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
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Sharma J, Gupta R, Mishra S, Ramanujam K, Kulshrestha V. Sulfonated Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)-Modified Mixed-Matrix Bifunctional Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Long-Run Anthrarufin-Based Redox Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44899-44911. [PMID: 37708403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence in designing polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM) materials has propound grid-scale electrochemical energy storage devices. Herein, we report on studies corroborating the synergistic influence of ionic domain microstructure modification and intercalation of telechelic bis-piperidinium-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) to fabricate stable bifunctional membranes from sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (sPPE) for efficient anthrarufin-based alkaline redox flow batteries. A critically long-lasting quest on alkaline stability and -OH conductivity dilemma in hydrocarbon-based PEMs is meticulously resolved via a bifunctional ion-conducting matrix. Preferential studies on hydrophilic domain distribution in sPPE suggest that, with high microphase homogeneity, higher specific capacity retentions are achievable during galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis. Moreover, the low-capacity issues were overcome by improving the redoxolyte-membrane interface affinities incorporating bis-piperidinium-bearing graphene oxide (bis-QGO). Consequently, at 1.0 and 2.0 wt % intercalation of bis-QGO, the bifunctional polyelectrolyte membranes (BFPMs) impart lowest overpotentials of 93 mV (for BFPM-1.0) and ∼100 mV (for BFPM-2.0) which are ∼43 and 40% lower than that of Nafion-117 (i.e., ∼164 mV). Furthermore, the efficiency of BFPMs, viz., the Coulombic, voltage, and energy efficiencies, was ∼95-98%, ∼85%, and ≥80% at 20 mA cm-2, respectively. In long-cycling operations, the GCD profile evidenced ∼99% efficiency retention over 450 cycles and illustrated reproducible rate capability. Finally, the polarization studies of BFPMs revealed ∼54% higher peak power density (87.5 mW cm-2) delivery than Nafion-117 (∼57 mW cm-2). We believe that this strategic designing approach could offer newer and simple avenues to avail high-performance BFPMs at low intercalation loads for alkaline electrochemical energy storage and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeet Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Clean Energy Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Sarthak Mishra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Kothandaraman Ramanujam
- Department of Chemistry, Clean Energy Lab, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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11
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Cannon CG, Klusener PAA, Brandon NP, Kucernak ARJ. Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: Small Organic Molecules for the Positive Electrolyte Species. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300303. [PMID: 37205628 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of critical requirements for electrolytes in aqueous redox flow batteries. This paper reviews organic molecules that have been used as the redox-active electrolyte for the positive cell reaction in aqueous redox flow batteries. These organic compounds are centred around different organic redox-active moieties such as the aminoxyl radical (TEMPO and N-hydroxyphthalimide), carbonyl (quinones and biphenols), amine (e. g., indigo carmine), ether and thioether (e. g., thianthrene) groups. We consider the key metrics that can be used to assess their performance: redox potential, operating pH, solubility, redox kinetics, diffusivity, stability, and cost. We develop a new figure of merit - the theoretical intrinsic power density - which combines the first four of the aforementioned metrics to allow ranking of different redox couples on just one side of the battery. The organic electrolytes show theoretical intrinsic power densities which are 2-100 times larger than that of the VO2+ /VO2 + couple, with TEMPO-derivatives showing the highest performance. Finally, we survey organic positive electrolytes in the literature on the basis of their redox-active moieties and the aforementioned figure of merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Cannon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London MSRH, White City, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A A Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Energy Transition Campus Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel P Brandon
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R J Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London MSRH, White City, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Huang H, Zhu Y, Chu F, Wang S, Cheng Y. Low-cost Zinc-Iron Flow Batteries for Long-Term and Large-Scale Energy Storage. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300492. [PMID: 37408513 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous flow batteries are considered very suitable for large-scale energy storage due to their high safety, long cycle life, and independent design of power and capacity. Especially, zinc-iron flow batteries have significant advantages such as low price, non-toxicity, and stability compared with other aqueous flow batteries. Significant technological progress has been made in zinc-iron flow batteries in recent years. Numerous energy storage power stations have been built worldwide using zinc-iron flow battery technology. This review first introduces the developing history. Then, we summarize the critical problems and the recent development of zinc-iron flow batteries from electrode materials and structures, membranes manufacture, electrolyte modification, and stack and system application. Finally, we forecast the development direction of the zinc-iron flow battery technology for large-scale energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Huang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - FuJun Chu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shaochong Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - YuanHui Cheng
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
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13
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Zhao Z, Liu X, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhang C, Li X, Yu G. Development of flow battery technologies using the principles of sustainable chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6031-6074. [PMID: 37539656 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Realizing decarbonization and sustainable energy supply by the integration of variable renewable energies has become an important direction for energy development. Flow batteries (FBs) are currently one of the most promising technologies for large-scale energy storage. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art progress in FBs from the new perspectives of technological and environmental sustainability, thus guiding the future development of FB technologies. More importantly, we evaluate the current situation and future development of key materials with key aspects of green economy and decarbonization to promote sustainable development and improve the novel energy framework. Finally, we present an analysis of the current challenges and prospects on how to effectively construct low-carbon and sustainable FB materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhao
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | - Changkun Zhang
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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14
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Flack R, Aixalà-Perelló A, Pedico A, Saadi K, Lamberti A, Zitoun D. Permselectivity and Ionic Conductivity Study of Na + and Br - Ions in Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:695. [PMID: 37623756 PMCID: PMC10456580 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Permselectivity of a membrane is central for the development of electrochemical energy storage devices with two redox couples, such as redox flow batteries (RFBs). In RFBs, Br3-/Br- couple is often used as a catholyte which can cross over to the anolyte, limiting the battery's lifetime. Naturally, the development of permselective membranes is essential to the success of RFBs since state-of-the-art perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) is too costly. This study investigates membranes of graphene oxide (GO), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and imidazole (Im) as binder and linker, respectively. The GO membranes are compared to a standard PFSA membrane in terms of ionic conductivity (Na+) and permselectivity (exclusion of Br-). The ionic conduction is evaluated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the permselectivity from two-compartment diffusion cells in a four-electrode system. Our findings suggest that the GO membranes reach conductivity and permselectivity comparable with standard PFSA membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Flack
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 590002, Israel; (R.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Anna Aixalà-Perelló
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.A.-P.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno 60, 10140 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedico
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.A.-P.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno 60, 10140 Torino, Italy
| | - Kobby Saadi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 590002, Israel; (R.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Andrea Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.A.-P.); (A.P.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno 60, 10140 Torino, Italy
| | - David Zitoun
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 590002, Israel; (R.F.); (K.S.)
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15
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Tan R, Wang A, Ye C, Li J, Liu D, Darwich BP, Petit L, Fan Z, Wong T, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Furedi M, Guldin S, Breakwell CE, Klusener PAA, Kucernak AR, Jelfs KE, McKeown NB, Song Q. Thin Film Composite Membranes with Regulated Crossover and Water Migration for Long-Life Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206888. [PMID: 37178400 PMCID: PMC10369228 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising for large-scale long-duration energy storage owing to their inherent safety, decoupled power and energy, high efficiency, and longevity. Membranes constitute an important component that affects mass transport processes in RFBs, including ion transport, redox-species crossover, and the net volumetric transfer of supporting electrolytes. Hydrophilic microporous polymers, such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), are demonstrated as next-generation ion-selective membranes in RFBs. However, the crossover of redox species and water migration through membranes are remaining challenges for battery longevity. Here, a facile strategy is reported for regulating mass transport and enhancing battery cycling stability by employing thin film composite (TFC) membranes prepared from a PIM polymer with optimized selective-layer thickness. Integration of these PIM-based TFC membranes with a variety of redox chemistries allows for the screening of suitable RFB systems that display high compatibility between membrane and redox couples, affording long-life operation with minimal capacity fade. Thickness optimization of TFC membranes further improves cycling performance and significantly restricts water transfer in selected RFB systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dezhi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Luke Petit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhiyu Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Toby Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Mate Furedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Charlotte E Breakwell
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Peter A A Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Energy Transition Campus Amsterdam, HW Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony R Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Qilei Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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16
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Li J, Xu F, Chen W, Han Y, Lin B. Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Bis-Imidazolium and Imidazolium-Functionalized Poly(phenylene oxide) for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16506-16512. [PMID: 37179649 PMCID: PMC10173422 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the Nafion membrane has a high energy efficiency, long service life, and operational flexibility when applied for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) applications, its applications are limited due to its high vanadium permeability. In this study, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) with imidazolium and bis-imidazolium cations were prepared and used in VRFBs. PPO with long-pendant alkyl-side-chain bis-imidazolium cations (BImPPO) exhibits higher conductivity than the imidazolium-functionalized PPO with short chains (ImPPO). ImPPO and BImPPO have a lower vanadium permeability (3.2 × 10-9 and 2.9 × 10-9 cm2 s-1) than Nafion 212 (8.8 × 10-9 cm2 s-1) because the imidazolium cations are susceptible to the Donnan effect. Furthermore, under the current density of 140 mA cm-2, the VRFBs assembled with ImPPO- and BImPPO-based AEMs exhibited a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% and 99.8%, respectively, both of which were higher than that of the Nafion212 membrane (95.8%). Bis-imidazolium cations with long-pendant alkyl side chains contribute to hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation in the membranes, thus improving the conductivity of membranes and the performance of VRFBs. The VRFB assembled with BImPPO exhibited a higher voltage efficiency (83.5%) at 140 mA cm-2 than that of ImPPO (77.2%). These results of the present study suggest that the BImPPO membranes are suitable for VRFB applications.
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17
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Zuo P, Ye C, Jiao Z, Luo J, Fang J, Schubert US, McKeown NB, Liu TL, Yang Z, Xu T. Near-frictionless ion transport within triazine framework membranes. Nature 2023; 617:299-305. [PMID: 37100908 PMCID: PMC10131500 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of separation processes and electrochemical technologies such as water electrolysers1,2, fuel cells3,4, redox flow batteries5,6 and ion-capture electrodialysis7 depends on the development of low-resistance and high-selectivity ion-transport membranes. The transport of ions through these membranes depends on the overall energy barriers imposed by the collective interplay of pore architecture and pore-analyte interaction8,9. However, it remains challenging to design efficient, scaleable and low-cost selective ion-transport membranes that provide ion channels for low-energy-barrier transport. Here we pursue a strategy that allows the diffusion limit of ions in water to be approached for large-area, free-standing, synthetic membranes using covalently bonded polymer frameworks with rigidity-confined ion channels. The near-frictionless ion flow is synergistically fulfilled by robust micropore confinement and multi-interaction between ion and membrane, which afford, for instance, a Na+ diffusion coefficient of 1.18 × 10-9 m2 s-1, close to the value in pure water at infinite dilution, and an area-specific membrane resistance as low as 0.17 Ω cm2. We demonstrate highly efficient membranes in rapidly charging aqueous organic redox flow batteries that deliver both high energy efficiency and high-capacity utilization at extremely high current densities (up to 500 mA cm-2), and also that avoid crossover-induced capacity decay. This membrane design concept may be broadly applicable to membranes for a wide range of electrochemical devices and for precise molecular separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhongren Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jian Luo
- Utah State University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Junkai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Leo Liu
- Utah State University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
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18
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Zhai L, Zhu YL, Wang G, He H, Wang F, Jiang F, Chai S, Li X, Guo H, Wu L, Li H. Ionic-Nanophase Hybridization of Nafion by Supramolecular Patching for Enhanced Proton Selectivity in Redox Flow Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3887-3896. [PMID: 37094227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nafion, as the mostly used proton exchange membrane material in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), encounters serious vanadium permeation problems due to the large size difference between its anionic nanophase (3-5 nm) and cationic vanadium ions (∼0.6 nm). Bulk hybridization usually suppresses the vanadium permeation at the expense of proton conductivity since conventional additives tend to randomly agglomerate and damage the nanophase continuity from unsuitable sizes and intrinsic incompatibility. Here, we report the ionic-nanophase hybridization strategy of Nafion membranes by using fluorinated block copolymers (FBCs) and polyoxometalates (POMs) as supramolecular patching additives. The cooperative noncovalent interactions among Nafion, interfacial-active FBCs, and POMs can construct a 1 nm-shrunk ionic nanophase with abundant proton transport sites, preserved continuity, and efficient vanadium screeners, which leads to a comprehensive enhancement in proton conductivity, selectivity, and VRFB performance. These results demonstrate the intriguing potential of the supramolecular patching strategy in precisely tuning nanostructured electrolyte membranes for improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Feiran Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fengjing Jiang
- CIC energiGUNE, Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - Shengchao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Haikun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Haolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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19
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Waris Z, Akhmetov NO, Pogosova MA, Lipovskikh SA, Ryazantsev SV, Stevenson KJ. A Complex Investigation of LATP Ceramic Stability and LATP+PVDF Composite Membrane Performance: The Effect of Solvent in Tape-Casting Fabrication. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:155. [PMID: 36837658 PMCID: PMC9965718 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a prospective energy storage platform to mitigate the discrepancy between barely adjustable energy production and fluctuating demand. The energy density and affordability of RFBs can be improved significantly through the transition from aqueous systems to non-aqueous (NAq) due to their wider electrochemical stability window and better solubility of active species. However, the NAqRFBs suffer from a lack of effective membranes with high ionic conductivity (IC), selectivity (low permeability), and stability. Here, we for the first time thoroughly analyse the impact of tape-casting solvents (dimethylformamide-DMF; dimethylsulfoxide-DMSO; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone-NMP) on the properties of the composite Li-conductive membrane (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 filler within poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder-LATP+PVDF). We show that the prolonged exposure of LATP to the studied solvents causes slight morphological, elemental, and intrastructural changes, dropping ceramic's IC from 3.1 to 1.6-1.9 ∙ 10-4 S cm-1. Depending on the solvent, the final composite membranes exhibit IC of 1.1-1.7 ∙ 10-4 S cm-1 (comparable with solvent-treated ceramics) along with correlating permeability coefficients of 2.7-3.1 ∙ 10-7 cm2 min-1. We expect this study to complement the understanding of how the processes underlying the membrane fabrication impact its functional features and to stimulate further in-depth research of NAqRFB membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Waris
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita O. Akhmetov
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariam A. Pogosova
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Lipovskikh
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Ryazantsev
- Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Liu J, Long J, Huang W, Xu W, Qi X, Li J, Zhang Y. Enhanced proton selectivity and stability of branched sulfonated polyimide membrane by hydrogen bonds construction strategy for vanadium flow battery. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Ion and Water Transport in Ion-Exchange Membranes for Power Generation Systems: Guidelines for Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010034. [PMID: 36613476 PMCID: PMC9820504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial ion-exchange and other charged membranes, such as biomembranes, are self-organizing nanomaterials built from macromolecules. The interactions of fragments of macromolecules results in phase separation and the formation of ion-conducting channels. The properties conditioned by the structure of charged membranes determine their application in separation processes (water treatment, electrolyte concentration, food industry and others), energy (reverse electrodialysis, fuel cells and others), and chlore-alkali production and others. The purpose of this review is to provide guidelines for modeling the transport of ions and water in charged membranes, as well as to describe the latest advances in this field with a focus on power generation systems. We briefly describe the main structural elements of charged membranes which determine their ion and water transport characteristics. The main governing equations and the most commonly used theories and assumptions are presented and analyzed. The known models are classified and then described based on the information about the equations and the assumptions they are based on. Most attention is paid to the models which have the greatest impact and are most frequently used in the literature. Among them, we focus on recent models developed for proton-exchange membranes used in fuel cells and for membranes applied in reverse electrodialysis.
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22
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Chen Y, Li A, Xiong P, Xiao S, Sheng Z, Peng S, He Q. Three birds with one stone: Microphase separation induced by densely grafted short chains in ion conducting membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Díaz JC, Kitto D, Kamcev J. Accurately measuring the ionic conductivity of membranes via the direct contact method. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Chen XC, Zhang H, Liu SH, Zhou Y, Jiang L. Engineering Polymeric Nanofluidic Membranes for Efficient Ionic Transport: Biomimetic Design, Material Construction, and Advanced Functionalities. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17613-17640. [PMID: 36322865 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Design elements extracted from biological ion channels guide the engineering of artificial nanofluidic membranes for efficient ionic transport and spawn biomimetic devices with great potential in many cutting-edge areas. In this context, polymeric nanofluidic membranes can be especially attractive because of their inherent flexibility and benign processability, which facilitate massive fabrication and facile device integration for large-scale applications. Herein, the state-of-the-art achievements of polymeric nanofluidic membranes are systematically summarized. Theoretical fundamentals underlying both biological and synthetic ion channels are introduced. The advances of engineering polymeric nanofluidic membranes are then detailed from aspects of structural design, material construction, and chemical functionalization, emphasizing their broad chemical and reticular/topological variety as well as considerable property tunability. After that, this Review expands on examples of evolving these polymeric membranes into macroscopic devices and their potentials in addressing compelling issues in energy conversion and storage systems where efficient ion transport is highly desirable. Finally, a brief outlook on possible future developments in this field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hua Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
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25
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Li C, Gao L. Specific ion selectivity with a reverse-selective mechanism. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1130-1131. [PMID: 36163503 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Longcheng Gao
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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26
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Bagheri A, Bellani S, Beydaghi H, Eredia M, Najafi L, Bianca G, Zappia MI, Safarpour M, Najafi M, Mantero E, Sofer Z, Hou G, Pellegrini V, Feng X, Bonaccorso F. Functionalized Metallic 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16426-16442. [PMID: 36194759 PMCID: PMC9620411 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient and durable flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSSCs) are emerging as low-cost devices for portable and wearable electronics due to the elimination of leakage of toxic/corrosive liquid electrolytes and their capability to withstand elevated mechanical stresses. Nevertheless, the spread of FSSSCs requires the development of durable and highly conductive solid-state electrolytes, whose electrochemical characteristics must be competitive with those of traditional liquid electrolytes. Here, we propose an innovative composite solid-state electrolyte prepared by incorporating metallic two-dimensional group-5 transition metal dichalcogenides, namely, liquid-phase exfoliated functionalized niobium disulfide (f-NbS2) nanoflakes, into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymeric matrix. The terminal sulfonate groups in f-NbS2 nanoflakes interact with the sulfonic acid groups of SPEEK by forming a robust hydrogen bonding network. Consequently, the composite solid-state electrolyte is mechanically/dimensionally stable even at a degree of sulfonation of SPEEK as high as 70.2%. At this degree of sulfonation, the mechanical strength is 38.3 MPa, and thanks to an efficient proton transport through the Grotthuss mechanism, the proton conductivity is as high as 94.4 mS cm-1 at room temperature. To elucidate the importance of the interaction between the electrode materials (including active materials and binders) and the solid-state electrolyte, solid-state supercapacitors were produced using SPEEK and poly(vinylidene fluoride) as proton conducting and nonconducting binders, respectively. The use of our solid-state electrolyte in combination with proton-conducting SPEEK binder and carbonaceous electrode materials (mixture of activated carbon, single/few-layer graphene, and carbon black) results in a solid-state supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 116 F g-1 at 0.02 A g-1, optimal rate capability (76 F g-1 at 10 A g-1), and electrochemical stability during galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling and folding/bending stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bagheri
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Matilde Eredia
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Leyla Najafi
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianca
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Milad Safarpour
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Informatica Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), Universita Degli Studi di Genova, Via All’Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Maedeh Najafi
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Informatica Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), Universita Degli Studi di Genova, Via All’Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Mantero
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Guorong Hou
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vittorio Pellegrini
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene
Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- BeDimensional
SpA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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27
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Marioni N, Zhang Z, Zofchak ES, Sachar HS, Kadulkar S, Freeman BD, Ganesan V. Impact of Ion–Ion Correlated Motion on Salt Transport in Solvated Ion Exchange Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1258-1264. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Marioni
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Everett S. Zofchak
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Harnoor S. Sachar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sanket Kadulkar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benny D. Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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28
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Xiong P, Peng S, Zhang L, Li A, Chen Y, Xiao S, He Q, Yu G. Supramolecular interactions enable pseudo-nanophase separation for constructing an ion-transport highway. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Gao L, Ding Y, He G, Yu G. Bio-Derived and Cost-Effective Membranes with High Selectivity for Redox Flow Batteries Based on Host-Guest Chemistry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107055. [PMID: 35199473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) stand out as a promising energy storage system to solve the grid interconnection problems of renewable energy. Membranes play a critical role in regulating the performance of RFBs, and the selectivity is commonly controlled via either size exclusion or Donnan exclusion. Membranes typically account for 40% of the stack cost of RFBs, and it is essential to develop cost-effective membranes with high selectivity to achieve widespread application. Here, a type of membrane composed of highly abundant materials derived in nature, based on a scalable fabrication process, is reported. Moreover, high selectivity is achieved attributed to the host-guest interactions between membranes and redox species, which effectively alleviate the crossover of redox-active molecules. By incorporating starch into a chitosan matrix for zinc-iodine RFBs, the highly selective recognition of starch and chitosan (host) toward triiodide (guest) builds a "wall" to block the triiodide-based active materials, meanwhile, the conducting properties of such a membrane are not compromised. The proof-of-concept battery delivers a Coulombic efficiency of 98.6% and energy efficiency of 77.4% at a current density of 80 mA cm-2 , showing the promise of such a novel and cost-effective membrane design beyond traditional selectivity chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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30
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Ye C, Tan R, Wang A, Chen J, Comesaña Gándara B, Breakwell C, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Fan Z, Weng J, Bezzu CG, Guldin S, Brandon NP, Kucernak AR, Jelfs KE, McKeown NB, Song Q. Long-Life Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries Enabled by Amidoxime-Functionalized Ion-Selective Polymer Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207580. [PMID: 35876472 PMCID: PMC9541571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) based on aqueous organic electrolytes are a promising technology for safe and cost‐effective large‐scale electrical energy storage. Membrane separators are a key component in RFBs, allowing fast conduction of charge‐carrier ions but minimizing the cross‐over of redox‐active species. Here, we report the molecular engineering of amidoxime‐functionalized Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (AO‐PIMs) by tuning their polymer chain topology and pore architecture to optimize membrane ion transport functions. AO‐PIM membranes are integrated with three emerging aqueous organic flow battery chemistries, and the synergetic integration of ion‐selective membranes with molecular engineered organic molecules in neutral‐pH electrolytes leads to significantly enhanced cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Rui Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jie Chen
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Breakwell
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Zhiyu Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jiaqi Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Grazia Bezzu
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Nigel P Brandon
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anthony R Kucernak
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Qilei Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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31
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Ye C, Tan R, Wang A, Chen J, Comesaña-Gándara B, Breakwell C, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Fan Z, Weng J, Bezzu G, Guldin S, Brandon N, Kucernak A, Jelfs KE, McKeown NB, Song Q. Long‐Life Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries enabled by Amidoxime‐Functionalized Ion‐Selective Polymer Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Ye
- The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Rui Tan
- Imperial College London Chemical Engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anqi Wang
- Imperial College London Chemical Engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jie Chen
- The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Zhiyu Fan
- Imperial College London Chemical Engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jiaqi Weng
- Imperial College London Chemical Engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Grazia Bezzu
- The University of Edinburgh Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Stefan Guldin
- University College London Chemical Engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Nigel Brandon
- Imperial College London Earth Science and Engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Imperial College London Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Qilei Song
- Imperial College London Department of Chemical Engineering South Kensington SW7 2AZ London UNITED KINGDOM
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32
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Abstract
Redox flow batteries are a critical technology for large-scale energy storage, offering the promising characteristics of high scalability, design flexibility and decoupled energy and power. In recent years, they have attracted extensive research interest, with significant advances in relevant materials chemistry, performance metrics and characterization. The emerging concepts of hybrid battery design, redox-targeting strategy, photoelectrode integration and organic redox-active materials present new chemistries for cost-effective and sustainable energy storage systems. This Review summarizes the recent development of next-generation redox flow batteries, providing a critical overview of the emerging redox chemistries of active materials from inorganics to organics. We discuss electrochemical characterizations and critical performance assessment considering the intrinsic properties of the active materials and the mechanisms that lead to degradation of energy storage capacity. In particular, we highlight the importance of advanced spectroscopic analysis and computational studies in enabling understanding of relevant mechanisms. We also outline the technical requirements for rational design of innovative materials and electrolytes to stimulate more exciting research and present the prospect of this field from aspects of both fundamental science and practical applications.
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33
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Wu M, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yang C, Jing S, Wu Q, Brozena A, Miller JT, Libretto NJ, Wu T, Bhattacharyya S, Garaga MN, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Greenbaum SG, Briber RM, Yan Y, Hu L. A high-performance hydroxide exchange membrane enabled by Cu 2+-crosslinked chitosan. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:629-636. [PMID: 35437322 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes are widely used to selectively transport ions in various electrochemical devices. Hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs) are promising to couple with lower cost platinum-free electrocatalysts used in alkaline conditions, but are not stable enough in strong alkaline solutions. Herein, we present a Cu2+-crosslinked chitosan (chitosan-Cu) material as a stable and high-performance HEM. The Cu2+ ions are coordinated with the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan to crosslink the chitosan chains, forming hexagonal nanochannels (~1 nm in diameter) that can accommodate water diffusion and facilitate fast ion transport, with a high hydroxide conductivity of 67 mS cm-1 at room temperature. The Cu2+ coordination also enhances the mechanical strength of the membrane, reduces its permeability and, most importantly, improves its stability in alkaline solution (only 5% conductivity loss at 80 °C after 1,000 h). These advantages make chitosan-Cu an outstanding HEM, which we demonstrate in a direct methanol fuel cell that exhibits a high power density of 305 mW cm-2. The design principle of the chitosan-Cu HEM, in which ion transport channels are generated in the polymer through metal-crosslinking of polar functional groups, could inspire the synthesis of many ion exchange membranes for ion transport, ion sieving, ion filtration and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Centre for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Jing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexandra Brozena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, University of Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicole J Libretto
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, University of Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tianpin Wu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Yugang Zhang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratories, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Yue Qi
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yushan Yan
- Centre for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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34
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Li C, Jiang H, Liu P, Zhai Y, Yang X, Gao L, Jiang L. One Porphyrin Per Chain Self-Assembled Helical Ion-Exchange Channels for Ultrahigh Osmotic Energy Conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9472-9478. [PMID: 35593390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) convert osmotic energy into electricity when embedded in a reverse electrodialysis cell. IEMs with both high permselectivity and ionic conductivity are highly needed to increase the energy conversion efficiency. The ionic conductivity can be improved by increasing the content of immobile charge carriers, but it is always accompanied by undesirable permselectivity decrease due to excess swelling. Until now, breaking the permselectivity-conductivity tradeoff still has remained a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a membrane with the least ion-exchange capacity (∼10-2 mequiv g-1), generating an ultrahigh power density of 19.3 W m-2 at a 50-fold concentration ratio. The membrane is made of a porphyrin-core four-star block copolymer (p-BCP), forming the high-density helical porphyrin channels (∼1011 cm-2) under the synergistic effect of BCP self-assembly and porphyrin π-π stacking. The porphyrin channel shows high Cl- selectivity and high conductivity, benefiting high-performance osmotic energy conversion. This economic and facile membrane design strategy provides a promising approach to developing a new generation of IEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | | | - Pengxiang Liu
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhai
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Longcheng Gao
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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35
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TiO 2 Containing Hybrid Composite Polymer Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081617. [PMID: 35458366 PMCID: PMC9026947 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) have captured immense attraction in electrochemical energy storage systems due to their long cycle life, flexibility, high-energy efficiency, time, and reliability. In VRFB, polymer membranes play a significant role in transporting protons for current transmission and act as barriers between positive and negative electrodes/electrolytes. Commercial polymer membranes (such as Nafion) are the widely used IEM in VRFBs due to their outstanding chemical stability and proton conductivity. However, the membrane cost and increased vanadium ions permeability limit its commercial application. Therefore, various modified perfluorinated and non-perfluorinated membranes have been developed. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on recent developments of hybrid polymer composite membranes with inorganic TiO2 nanofillers for VRFB applications. Hence, various fabrications are performed in the membrane with TiO2 to alter their physicochemical properties for attaining perfect IEM. Additionally, embedding the -SO3H groups by sulfonation on the nanofiller surface enhances membrane proton conductivity and mechanical strength. Incorporating TiO2 and modified TiO2 (sTiO2, and organic silica modified TiO2) into Nafion and other non-perfluorinated membranes (sPEEK and sPI) has effectively influenced the polymer membrane properties for better VRFB performances. This review provides an overall spotlight on the impact of TiO2-based nanofillers in polymer matrix for VRFB applications.
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36
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The Application of a Modified Polyacrylonitrile Porous Membrane in Vanadium Flow Battery. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040388. [PMID: 35448358 PMCID: PMC9026392 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium flow battery (VFB) is one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage. A modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) porous membrane is successfully applied in VFB. Herein, a simple solvent post-processing method is presented to modify PAN porous membranes prepared by the traditional nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. In the design, polymer PAN is chosen as the membrane material owing to its low cost and high stability. The large-size pores from NIPS method are well optimized by the solvent swelling and shrinking during the solvent post-processing. Meanwhile, the interconnectivity of pores is maintained well. As a result, the ion selectivity of PAN porous membranes is dramatically improved, and the CE of a VFB with PAN porous membranes rises from 68% to 93% after the solvent post-processing process. A VFB with the modified PAN porous membranes is capable of delivering a limiting current density of 900 mA cm−2, and a high peak power density of 650 mW cm−2, which is very competitive among the various flow batteries.
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37
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Kitto D, Kamcev J. Manning condensation in ion exchange membranes: A review on ion partitioning and diffusion models. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kitto
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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38
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Bósquez-Cáceres MF, Hidalgo-Bonilla S, Morera Córdova V, Michell RM, Tafur JP. Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes for Zinc and Magnesium Batteries: From Synthetic to Biopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4284. [PMID: 34960837 PMCID: PMC8706018 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversification of current forms of energy storage and the reduction of fossil fuel consumption are issues of high importance for reducing environmental pollution. Zinc and magnesium are multivalent ions suitable for the development of environmentally friendly rechargeable batteries. Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) are currently being researched as part of electrochemical devices because of the advantages of dispersed fillers. This article aims to review and compile the trends of different types of the latest NCPEs. It briefly summarizes the desirable properties the electrolytes should possess to be considered for later uses. The first section is devoted to NCPEs composed of poly(vinylidene Fluoride-co-Hexafluoropropylene). The second section centers its attention on discussing the electrolytes composed of poly(ethylene oxide). The third section reviews the studies of NCPEs based on different synthetic polymers. The fourth section discusses the results of electrolytes based on biopolymers. The addition of nanofillers improves both the mechanical performance and the ionic conductivity; key points to be explored in the production of batteries. These results set an essential path for upcoming studies in the field. These attempts need to be further developed to get practical applications for industry in large-scale polymer-based electrolyte batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan P. Tafur
- School of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (M.F.B.-C.); (S.H.-B.); (V.M.C.); (R.M.M.)
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39
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Siekierka A, Smolińska-Kempisty K, Wolska J. Enhanced Specific Mechanism of Separation by Polymeric Membrane Modification-A Short Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120942. [PMID: 34940443 PMCID: PMC8705657 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have found a significant application in separation processes in an exceeding range of industrial fields. The crucial part that is decided regarding the efficiency and effectivity of separation is the type of membrane. The membranes deal with separation problems, working under the various mechanisms of transportation of selected species. This review compares significant types of entrapped matter (ions, compounds, and particles) within membrane technology. The ion-exchange membranes, molecularly imprinted membranes, smart membranes, and adsorptive membranes are investigated. Here, we focus on the selective separation through the above types of membranes and detect their preparation methods. Firstly, the explanation of transportation and preparation of each type of membrane evaluated is provided. Next, the working and application phenomena are evaluated. Finally, the review discusses the membrane modification methods and briefly provides differences in the properties that occurred depending on the type of materials used and the modification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siekierka
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Smolińska-Kempisty
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wolska
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
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McCormack PM, Koenig GM, Geise GM. Thermodynamic Interactions as a Descriptor of Cross-Over in Nonaqueous Redox Flow Battery Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49331-49339. [PMID: 34609838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grid-scale energy storage is increasingly needed as wind, solar, and other intermittent renewable energy sources become more prevalent. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are well suited to this application because of the advantages in scalability and modularity over competing technologies. Commercial aqueous flow batteries often have low energy density, but nonaqueous RFBs can offer higher energy density. Nonaqueous RFBs have not been studied as extensively as aqueous RFBs, and the use of organic solvents and organic active materials in nonaqueous RFBs presents unique membrane separator challenges compared to aqueous systems. Specifically, organic active material cross-over, which degrades battery performance, may be affected by membrane/active material thermodynamic interactions in a fundamentally different way than ionic active material cross-over in aqueous RFB membranes. Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) were used to quantify these interactions and explain differences in organic active material permeability properties. Probe molecules with a more unfavorable HSP-determined enthalpy of mixing with the membrane polymer exhibited lower permeability or cross-over properties. The HSP approach, which accounts for the uncharged polymer backbone and the charged side chain, revealed that interactions between the uncharged organic probe molecule and the hydrophobic polymer backbone were more important for determining permeability or cross-over properties than interactions between the probe molecule and the hydrophilic side chain. This result is significant for nonaqueous RFBs because it suggests a decoupling of ionic conduction expected to predominantly occur in charged polymer regions and cross-over of organic molecules via hydrophobic or uncharged polymer regions. Such decoupling is not expected in aqueous systems where active materials are often polar or ionic and both cross-over and conduction occur predominantly in charged polymer regions. For nonaqueous RFBs, or other membrane applications where selective organic molecule transport is important, HSP analysis can guide the co-design of the polymer separator materials and soluble organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M McCormack
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Gary M Koenig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Geoffrey M Geise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, P.O. Box 400741, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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