1
|
Gu Q, Lu X, Chen C, Wang X, Kang F, Li YY, Xu Q, Lu J, Han Y, Qin W, Zhang Q. High-Performance Piezoelectric Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409708. [PMID: 38973371 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Organic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are attractive in harvesting mechanical energy for various self-powering systems. However, their practical applications are severely restricted by their low output open circuit voltage. To address this issue, herein, we prepared two two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs, CityU-13 and CityU-14), functionalized with fluorinated alkyl chains for PENGs. The piezoelectricity of both COFs was evidenced by switchable polarization, characteristic butterfly amplitude loops, phase hysteresis loops, conspicuous surface potentials and high piezoelectric coefficient value (d33). The PENGs fabricated with COFs displayed highest output open circuit voltages (60 V for CityU-13 and 50 V for CityU-14) and delivered satisfactory short circuit current with an excellent stability of over 600 seconds. The superior open circuit voltages of CityU-13 and CityU-14 rank in top 1 and 2 among all reported organic materials-based PENGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Mecca Province, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Emergent Soft Matter & Center for Electron Microscopy, South China University of Technology, 777 Xingye Avenue East, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511442, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie W, Yu Z, Huang H, Jiang R, Yao S, Huang J, Hou Y, Yin S, Mo R, Wu C. Anthraquinone-based polymer modified BiVO 4 photoanode with strong electron-withdrawing functional groups for boasting photoelectrochemical water oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:977-987. [PMID: 38574586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance ofBiVO4 is limited by sluggish water oxidation kinetics and severe carrier recombination. Herein, a novel high-performance BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ photoanode is prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, using BiVO4 and 1-Nitroanthraquinone (NOAQ) as raw materials. The BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ photoanode has an excellent photocurrent density of 5.675 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE, which is 3.35 times higher than that of the pure BiVO4 (1.693 mA cm-2) photoanode. The BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ shows a significant improvement in charge separation efficiency (86.12 %) and charge injection efficiency (87.86 %). The improvement is ascribable to the NiFe-NOAQ form a type II heterojunction with BiVO4 to inhibit carrier recombination. More importantly, the kinetic isotope experiment suggests that the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process can enhance the charge transfer of BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ. The contact angle measurements show that modifying functional groups enhanced the hydrophilicity of BiVO4/NiFe-NOAQ, which can further accelerate the PCET process. The XPS and PL results as well as the tauc plot indicate that the strong electron-withdrawing ability of -NO2 which can promote the extension of π conjugation, results in more π electron delocalization and produces more efficient active sites, thus achieving efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xie
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Hongcheng Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ronghua Jiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yanping Hou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shibin Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Rongli Mo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Cheng Wu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guntermann R, Frey L, Biewald A, Hartschuh A, Clark T, Bein T, Medina DD. Regioisomerism in Thienothiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks─A Tool for Band-Gap Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15869-15878. [PMID: 38830115 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The craft of tuning optical properties is well-established for crystalline inorganic and hybrid solids. However, a far greater challenge is to tune the optical properties of organic materials systematically by design. We now introduce a synthesis concept that enables us to alter the optical properties of crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) systematically using isomeric structures of thienothiophene-based building blocks (T23/32T) combined with a variety of tetratopic aromatic amines, e.g., the Wurster moiety (W-NH2). This concept is demonstrated for the synthesis of COFs in bulk and film forms and provides highly crystalline and porous isomeric COFs featuring predesigned photophysical properties. The band gap of the framework can be tuned continuously and precisely by chemically doping the pristine W23TT COF with its related constitutional isomer building block. Density-functional theory investigations of COF model compounds indicate that the extent of π-conjugation is among the key characteristics enabling the band-gap engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Laura Frey
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Alexander Biewald
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Achim Hartschuh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Naegelsbachstraße 25, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 11 (E), Munich 81377, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He C, Tao S, Liu R, Zhi Y, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Linkage Chemistry and Its Critical Role in The Evolution of π Electronic Structures and Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403472. [PMID: 38502777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide a molecular platform for designing a novel class of functional materials with well-defined structures. A crucial structural parameter is the linkage, which dictates how knot and linker units are connected to form two-dimensional polymers and layer frameworks, shaping ordered π-array and porous architectures. However, the roles of linkage in the development of ordered π electronic structures and functions remain fundamental yet unresolved issues. Here we report the designed synthesis of COFs featuring four representative linkages: hydrazone, imine, azine, and C=C bonds, to elucidate their impacts on the evolution of π electronic structures and functions. Our observations revealed that the hydrazone linkage provides a non-conjugated connection, while imine and azine allow partial π conjugation, and the C=C bond permits full π-conjugation. Importantly, the linkage profoundly influences the control of π electronic structures and functions, unraveling its pivotal role in determining key electronic properties such as band gap, frontier energy levels, light absorption, luminescence, carrier density and mobility, and magnetic permeability. These findings highlight the significance of linkage chemistry in COFs and offer a general and transformative guidance for designing framework materials to achieve electronic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu GE, Yang H, Zhao W, Samorì P, Zhang T. 2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311541. [PMID: 38551322 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in-plane π-conjugated lattice and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well-defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin-film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen L, Ye T, Chen Y, Chu B, Chen H, Hu J, Yu Y. Facile Synthesis of a Novel AgIO 3/CTF Heterojunction and Its Adsorption-Photocatalytic Performance with Organic Pollutants. TOXICS 2024; 12:133. [PMID: 38393228 PMCID: PMC10892130 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
With the development of modern industry, the issue of water pollution has garnered increasing attention. Photocatalysis, as a novel green environmental technology that is resource-efficient, environmentally friendly, and highly promising, has found extensive applications in the field of organic pollutant treatment. However, common semiconductor materials exhibit either a relatively low photocatalytic efficiency in the visible light range or an inefficient separation of photogenerated charges, resulting in their limited ability to harness solar energy effectively. Consequently, the development of new photocatalysts has become a pivotal focus in current photocatalysis research to enhance solar energy utilization. This research provides a brief explanation of the photocatalytic mechanism of the AgIO3/CTF heterojunction photocatalyst. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, the Ag nanoparticles demonstrate significant absorption in the visible light region, playing a crucial role in the highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Shen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.C.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
- Shui Yi Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.C.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Yehui Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.C.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Bei Chu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.C.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.C.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.C.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
| | - Yan Yu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China; (L.S.); (T.Y.); (Y.C.); (B.C.); (H.C.); (J.H.)
- Shui Yi Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo University, Cixi 315300, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Qiao Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Wang HJ, Zhao J, Cao D, Wang S. Multicomponent Synthesis of Imidazole-Linked Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314539. [PMID: 37880874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The semiconducting properties and applications of three dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are greatly hampered because of their long-ranged non-conjugated skeletons and relatively unstable linkages. Here, a robust imidazole-linked fully conjugated 3D covalent organic framework (BUCT-COF-7) is synthesized through the one-pot multicomponent Debus-Radziszewski reaction of the saddle-shaped aldehyde-substituted cyclooctatetrathiophene, pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone, and ammonium acetate. The semiconducting BUCT-COF-7, as a metal-free catalyst, shows excellent two electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkaline medium with high hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) selectivity of 83.4 %. When the BUCT-COF-7 as cathode catalyst is assembled into the electrolyzer, the devices showed high electrochemical production rate of H2 O2 up to 326.9 mmol g-1 h-1 . The accumulative amount of H2 O2 could totally degrade the dye methylene blue via Fenton reaction for wastewater treatment. This is the first report about intrinsic 3D COFs for efficient electrochemical synthesis of H2 O2 , revealing the promising applications of fully conjugated 3D COFs in the environment-related field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gu Q, Lu X, Chen C, Hu R, Wang X, Sun G, Kang F, Yang J, Wang X, Wu J, Li YY, Peng YK, Qin W, Han Y, Liu X, Zhang Q. Thermally Induced Persistent Covalent-Organic Frameworks Radicals. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 38014811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Persistent covalent-organic framework (COF) radicals hold important applications in magnetics and spintronics; however, their facile synthesis remains a daunting challenge. Here, three p-phenylenediacetonitrile-based COFs (named CityU-4, CityU-5, and CityU-6) were synthesized. Upon heat treatment (250 °C for CityU-4 and CityU-5 or 220 °C for CityU-6), these frameworks were brought into their persistent radical forms (no obvious changes after at least one year), together with several observable factors, including color changes, red-shifted absorption, the appearance of electron spin resonance (ESR) signals, and detectable magnetic susceptibility. The theoretical simulation suggests that after heat treatment, lower total energy and nonzero spin density are two main factors to guarantee persistent COFs radicals and polarized spin distributions. This work provides an efficient method for the preparation of persistent COF radicals with promising potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Ab-dullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renjie Hu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Guohan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinglun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinghang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yung-Kang Peng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Ab-dullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue 83, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang M, Wang G, Naisa C, Fu Y, Gali SM, Paasch S, Wang M, Wittkaemper H, Papp C, Brunner E, Zhou S, Beljonne D, Steinrück HP, Dong R, Feng X. Poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)-Ladder-Type Two-Dimensional Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework for Fast Proton Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310937. [PMID: 37691002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical proton storage plays an essential role in designing next-generation high-rate energy storage devices, e.g., aqueous batteries. Two-dimensional conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c-COFs) are promising electrode materials, but their competitive proton and metal-ion insertion mechanisms remain elusive, and proton storage in COFs is rarely explored. Here, we report a perinone-based poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL)-ladder-type 2D c-COF for fast proton storage in both a mild aqueous Zn-ion electrolyte and strong acid. We unveil that the discharged C-O- groups exhibit largely reduced basicity due to the considerable π-delocalization in perinone, thus affording the 2D c-COF a unique affinity for protons with fast kinetics. As a consequence, the 2D c-COF electrode presents an outstanding rate capability of up to 200 A g-1 (over 2500 C), surpassing the state-of-the-art conjugated polymers, COFs, and metal-organic frameworks. Our work reports the first example of pure proton storage among COFs and highlights the great potential of BBL-ladder-type 2D conjugated polymers in future energy devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chandrasekhar Naisa
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Sai Manoj Gali
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mao Wang
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optics, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Haiko Wittkaemper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Zhang H, Yu H, Liao Z, Paasch S, Xu S, Zhao R, Brunner E, Bonn M, Wang HI, Heine T, Wang M, Mai Y, Feng X. A Thiophene Backbone Enables Two-Dimensional Poly(arylene vinylene)s with High Charge Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305978. [PMID: 37271733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear conjugated polymers have attracted significant attention in organic electronics in recent decades. However, despite intrachain π-delocalization, interchain hopping is their transport bottleneck. In contrast, two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers, as represented by 2D π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (2D c-COFs), can provide multiple conjugated strands to enhance the delocalization of charge carriers in space. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of thiophene-based 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s (PAVs, 2DPAV-BDT-BT and 2DPAV-BDT-BP, BDT=benzodithiophene, BT=bithiophene, BP=biphenyl) via Knoevenagel polycondensation. Compared with 2DPAV-BDT-BP, the fully thiophene-based 2DPAV-BDT-BT exhibits enhanced planarity and π-delocalization with a small band gap (1.62 eV) and large electronic band dispersion, as revealed by the optical absorption and density functional calculations. Remarkably, temperature-dependent terahertz spectroscopy discloses a unique band-like transport and outstanding room-temperature charge mobility for 2DPAV-BDT-BT (65 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), which far exceeds that of the linear PAVs, 2DPAV-BDT-BP, and the reported 2D c-COFs in the powder form. This work highlights the great potential of thiophene-based 2D PAVs as candidates for high-performance opto-electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hongde Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He T, Zhao Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Conversion in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303086. [PMID: 37093128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying energy crises and severe environmental issues have led to the discovery of renewable energy sources, sustainable energy conversion, and storage technologies. Photocatalysis is a green technology that converts eco-friendly solar energy into high-energy chemicals. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous materials constructed by covalent bonds that show promising potential for converting solar energy into chemicals owing to their pre-designable structures, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, we highlight recent progress in the synthesis of COF-based photocatalysts and their applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and H2 O2 production. The challenges and future opportunities for the rational design of COFs for advanced photocatalysts are discussed. This Review is expected to promote further development of COFs toward photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang M, Fu S, Petkov P, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Ma J, Chen G, Gali SM, Gao L, Lu Y, Paasch S, Zhong H, Steinrück HP, Cánovas E, Brunner E, Beljonne D, Bonn M, Wang HI, Dong R, Feng X. Exceptionally high charge mobility in phthalocyanine-based poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)-ladder-type two-dimensional conjugated polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:880-887. [PMID: 37337069 PMCID: PMC10313522 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), composed of multiple strands of linear conjugated polymers with extended in-plane π-conjugation, are emerging crystalline semiconducting polymers for organic (opto)electronics. They are represented by two-dimensional π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks, which typically suffer from poor π-conjugation and thus low charge carrier mobilities. Here we overcome this limitation by demonstrating two semiconducting phthalocyanine-based poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline)-ladder-type 2DCPs (2DCP-MPc, with M = Cu or Ni), which are constructed from octaaminophthalocyaninato metal(II) and naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride by polycondensation under solvothermal conditions. The 2DCP-MPcs exhibit optical bandgaps of ~1.3 eV with highly delocalized π-electrons. Density functional theory calculations unveil strongly dispersive energy bands with small electron-hole reduced effective masses of ~0.15m0 for the layer-stacked 2DCP-MPcs. Terahertz spectroscopy reveals the band transport of Drude-type free carriers in 2DCP-MPcs with exceptionally high sum mobility of electrons and holes of ~970 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature, surpassing that of the reported linear conjugated polymers and 2DCPs. This work highlights the critical role of effective conjugation in enhancing the charge transport properties of 2DCPs and the great potential of high-mobility 2DCPs for future (opto)electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petko Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Guangbo Chen
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sai Manoj Gali
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lei Gao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yang Lu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Silvia Paasch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eike Brunner
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang M, Hanayama H, Fang L, Addicoat MA, Guo Y, Graf R, Harano K, Kikkawa J, Jin E, Narita A, Müllen K. Saturated Linkers in Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Boost Their Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37339431 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly luminescent two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for sensing applications remains challenging. To suppress commonly observed photoluminescence quenching of COFs, we propose a strategy involving interrupting the intralayer conjugation and interlayer interactions using cyclohexane as the linker unit. By variation of the building block structures, imine-bonded COFs with various topologies and porosities are obtained. Experimental and theoretical analyses of these COFs disclose high crystallinity and large interlayer distances, demonstrating enhanced emission with record-high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 57% in the solid state. The resulting cyclohexane-linked COF also exhibits excellent sensing performance for the trace recognition of Fe3+ ions, explosive and toxic picric acid, and phenyl glyoxylic acid as metabolites. These findings inspire a facile and general strategy to develop highly emissive imine-bonded COFs for detecting various molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Long Fang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Yunyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jun Kikkawa
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang X, Fu S, Lin C, Lu Y, Wang M, Zhang P, Huang C, Li Z, Liao Z, Zou Y, Li J, Zhou S, Helm M, St Petkov P, Heine T, Bonn M, Wang HI, Feng X, Dong R. Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymer with High Charge Mobility Enabled by "4 + 2" Phenyl Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2430-2438. [PMID: 36661343 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks are attractive emerging electroactive materials for (opto-)electronics. However, developing semiconducting coordination polymers with high charge carrier mobility for devices remains a major challenge, urgently requiring the rational design of ligands and topological networks with desired electronic structures. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for synthesizing high-mobility semiconducting conjugated coordination polymers (c-CPs) utilizing novel conjugated ligands with D2h symmetry, namely, "4 + 2" phenyl ligands. Compared with the conventional phenyl ligands with C6h symmetry, the reduced symmetry of the "4 + 2" ligands leads to anisotropic coordination in the formation of c-CPs. Consequently, we successfully achieve a single-crystalline three-dimensional (3D) c-CP Cu4DHTTB (DHTTB = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4,6-tetrathiolbenzene), containing orthogonal ribbon-like π-d conjugated chains rather than 2D conjugated layers. DFT calculation suggests that the resulting Cu4DHTTB exhibits a small band gap (∼0.2 eV), strongly dispersive energy bands near the Fermi level with a low electron-hole reduced effective mass (∼0.2m0*). Furthermore, the four-probe method reveals a semiconducting behavior with a decent conductivity of 0.2 S/cm. Thermopower measurement suggests that it is a p-type semiconductor. Ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity measurements confirm Cu4DHTTB's semiconducting nature and demonstrate the Drude-type transport with high charge carrier mobilities up to 88 ± 15 cm2 V-1 s-1, outperforming the conductive 3D coordination polymers reported till date. This molecular design strategy for constructing high-mobility semiconducting c-CPs lays the foundation for achieving high-performance c-CP-based (opto-)electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Cong Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong99077, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - Zichao Li
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden01328, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Dresden01109, Germany
| | - Ye Zou
- Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing100190, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm10044, Sweden
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden01328, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden01328, Germany
| | - Petko St Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Sofia1164, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Heine
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bag S, Sasmal HS, Chaudhary SP, Dey K, Blätte D, Guntermann R, Zhang Y, Položij M, Kuc A, Shelke A, Vijayaraghavan RK, Ajithkumar TG, Bhattacharyya S, Heine T, Bein T, Banerjee R. Covalent Organic Framework Thin-Film Photodetectors from Solution-Processable Porous Nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1649-1659. [PMID: 36622362 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of homogeneous covalent organic framework (COF) thin films on a desired substrate with decent crystallinity, porosity, and uniform thickness has great potential for optoelectronic applications. We have used a solution-processable sphere transmutation process to synthesize 300 ± 20 nm uniform COF thin films on a 2 × 2 cm2 TiO2-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surface. This process controls the nucleation of COF crystallites and molecular morphology that helps the nanospheres to arrange periodically to form homogeneous COF thin films. We have synthesized four COF thin films (TpDPP, TpEtBt, TpTab, and TpTta) with different functional backbones. In a close agreement between the experiment and density functional theory, the TpEtBr COF film showed the lowest optical band gap (2.26 eV) and highest excited-state lifetime (8.52 ns) among all four COF films. Hence, the TpEtBr COF film can participate in efficient charge generation and separation. We constructed optoelectronic devices having a glass/FTO/TiO2/COF-film/Au architecture, which serves as a model system to study the optoelectronic charge transport properties of COF thin films under dark and illuminated conditions. Visible light with a calibrated intensity of 100 mW cm-2 was used for the excitation of COF thin films. All of the COF thin films exhibit significant photocurrent after illumination with visible light in comparison to the dark. Hence, all of the COF films behave as good photoactive substrates with minimal pinhole defects. The fabricated out-of-plane photodetector device based on the TpEtBr COF thin film exhibits high photocurrent density (2.65 ± 0.24 mA cm-2 at 0.5 V) and hole mobility (8.15 ± 0.64 ×10-3 cm2 V-1 S-1) compared to other as-synthesized films, indicating the best photoactive characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Bag
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Himadri Sekhar Sasmal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Sonu Pratap Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Kaushik Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Dominic Blätte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Guntermann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377Munich, Germany
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Miroslav Položij
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kuc
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Abteilung Ressourcenökologie, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, 04318Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ankita Shelke
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
| | - Ratheesh K Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Thalasseril G Ajithkumar
- Central NMR Facility and Physical/Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411008, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66c, 01069Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Abteilung Ressourcenökologie, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, 04318Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University and IBS Center for Nanomedicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377Munich, Germany
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guan Q, Zhou LL, Dong YB. Construction of Covalent Organic Frameworks via Multicomponent Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1475-1496. [PMID: 36646043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) combine at least three reactants to afford the desired product in a highly atom-economic way and are therefore viewed as efficient one-pot combinatorial synthesis tools allowing one to significantly boost molecular complexity and diversity. Nowadays, MCRs are no longer confined to organic synthesis and have found applications in materials chemistry. In particular, MCRs can be used to prepare covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are crystalline porous materials assembled from organic monomers and exhibit a broad range of properties and applications. This synthetic approach retains the advantages of small-molecule MCRs, not only strengthening the skeletal robustness of COFs, but also providing additional driving forces for their crystallization, and has been used to prepare a series of robust COFs with diverse applications. The present perspective article provides the general background for MCRs, discusses the types of MCRs employed for COF synthesis to date, and addresses the related critical challenges and future perspectives to inspire the MCR-based design of new robust COFs and promote further progress in this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu S, Wang M, He Y, Cheng Q, Qian T, Yan C. Covalent organic frameworks towards photocatalytic applications: Design principles, achievements, and opportunities. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Li Y, Gao X, Wang M, Gao Y, Jiang D. Annealed Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films for Exceptional Absorption of Ultrabroad Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Waves. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205400. [PMID: 36316245 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different from harvesting of ultraviolet and visible lights via electronic transitions, absorption of low-frequency electromagnetic waves is sophisticated in mechanism and poor in efficiency, imposing the structural design arduous and challenging. Here, the first example of exploring covalent organic frameworks for highly efficient absorption of low-frequency electromagnetic waves is reported. Three pyrene frameworks are synthesized and annealed into porous networks, which upon mixture with paraffin are processed into thin films with tunable thickness. The films absorb ultrabroad low-frequency electromagnetic waves covering S, C, X, and Ku bands and achieve exceptional efficiency of 99.999% with a thickness of only 2.5 mm and a loading content of only 20%. This result originates from a synergistic effect of conductivity, heteroatoms, and pores and outperforms the state-of-the-art polymers, carbons, and metals. This approach opens a way to electromagnetic wave absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan University, No 58, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang X, Gong L, Liu X, Zhang P, Li B, Qi D, Wang K, He F, Jiang J. Mesoporous Polyimide-Linked Covalent Organic Framework with Multiple Redox-Active Sites for High-Performance Cathodic Li Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207043. [PMID: 35638157 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are gaining increasing attention as renewable cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, COF electrodes reported so far still exhibit unsatisfying capacity due to their limited active site density and insufficient utilization. Herein, a new two-dimensional polyimide-linked COF, HATN-AQ-COF with multiple redox-active sites for storing Li+ ions, was designed and fabricated from a new module of 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexacarboxyl hexaazatrinaphthalene trianhydrides with a 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone linker. HATN-AQ-COF possessing excellent stability, good conductivity, and a large pore size of 3.8 nm enables the stable and fast ion transport. This, in combination with the abundant redox active sites, results in a high reversible capacity of 319 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C (1 C=358 mA g-1 ) for the HATN-AQ-COF electrode with a high active site utilization of 89 % and good cycle performance, representing one of the best performances among the reported COF electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pianpian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Feng He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang X, Gong L, Liu X, Zhang P, Li B, Qi D, Wang K, He F, Jiang J. Mesoporous Polyimide‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework with Multiple Redox‐Active Sites for High‐Performance Cathodic Li Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Lei Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Pianpian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Feng He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fu S, Jin E, Hanayama H, Zheng W, Zhang H, Di Virgilio L, Addicoat MA, Mezger M, Narita A, Bonn M, Müllen K, Wang HI. Outstanding Charge Mobility by Band Transport in Two-Dimensional Semiconducting Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7489-7496. [PMID: 35420808 PMCID: PMC9052747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Two-dimensional covalent
organic frameworks (2D COFs) represent
a family of crystalline porous polymers with a long-range order and
well-defined open nanochannels that hold great promise for electronics,
catalysis, sensing, and energy storage. To date, the development of
highly conductive 2D COFs has remained challenging due to the finite
π-conjugation along the 2D lattice and charge localization at
grain boundaries. Furthermore, the charge transport mechanism within
the crystalline framework remains elusive. Here, time- and frequency-resolved
terahertz spectroscopy reveals intrinsically Drude-type band transport
of charge carriers in semiconducting 2D COF thin films condensed by
1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TPB) and 1,3,5-triformylbenzene
(TFB). The TPB–TFB COF thin films demonstrate high photoconductivity
with a long charge scattering time exceeding 70 fs at room temperature
which resembles crystalline inorganic materials. This corresponds
to a record charge carrier mobility of 165 ± 10 cm2 V–1 s–1, vastly outperforming
that of the state-of-the-art conductive COFs. These results reveal
TPB–TFB COF thin films as promising candidates for organic
electronics and catalysis and provide insights into the rational design
of highly crystalline porous materials for efficient and long-range
charge transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| |
Collapse
|