1
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Martín-Yerga D, Xu X, Valavanis D, West G, Walker M, Unwin PR. High-Throughput Combinatorial Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Nanoscale Lithium Metal Plating. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23032-23046. [PMID: 39136274 PMCID: PMC11363218 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of Li metal batteries requires a detailed understanding of complex nucleation and growth processes during electrodeposition. In situ techniques offer a framework to study these phenomena by visualizing structural dynamics that can inform the design of uniform plating morphologies. Herein, we combine scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) with in situ interference reflection microscopy (IRM) for a comprehensive investigation of Li nucleation and growth on lithiophilic thin-film gold electrodes. This multimicroscopy approach enables nanoscale spatiotemporal monitoring of Li plating and stripping, along with high-throughput capabilities for screening experimental conditions. We reveal the accumulation of inactive Li nanoparticles in specific electrode regions, yet these regions remain functional in subsequent plating cycles, suggesting that growth does not preferentially occur from particle tips. Optical-electrochemical correlations enabled nanoscale mapping of Coulombic Efficiency (CE), showing that regions prone to inactive Li accumulation require more cycles to achieve higher CE. We demonstrate that electrochemical nucleation time (tnuc) is a lagging indicator of nucleation and introduce an optical method to determine tnuc at earlier stages with nanoscale resolution. Plating at higher current densities yielded smaller Li nanoparticles and increased areal density, and was not affected by heterogeneous topographical features, being potentially beneficial to achieve a more uniform plating at longer time scales. These results enhance the understanding of Li plating on lithiophilic surfaces and offer promising strategies for uniform nucleation and growth. Our multimicroscopy approach has broad applicability to study nanoscale metal plating and stripping phenomena, with relevance in the battery and electroplating fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40100, Finland
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Geoff West
- Warwick
Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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2
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Gaudin LF, Wright IR, Harris-Lee TR, Jayamaha G, Kang M, Bentley CL. Five years of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM): new insights and innovations. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12345-12367. [PMID: 38874335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a nanopipette-based technique which enables measurement of localised electrochemistry. SECCM has found use in a wide range of electrochemical applications, and due to the wider uptake of this technique in recent years, new applications and techniques have been developed. This minireview has collected all SECCM research articles published in the last 5 years, to demonstrate and celebrate the recent advances, and to make it easier for SECCM researchers to remain well-informed. The wide range of SECCM applications is demonstrated, which are categorised here into electrocatalysis, electroanalysis, photoelectrochemistry, biological materials, energy storage materials, corrosion, electrosynthesis, and instrumental development. In the collection of this library of SECCM studies, a few key trends emerge. (1) The range of materials and processes explored with SECCM has grown, with new applications emerging constantly. (2) The instrumental capabilities of SECCM have grown, with creative techniques being developed from research groups worldwide. (3) The SECCM research community has grown significantly, with adoption of the SECCM technique becoming more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan F Gaudin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
| | - India R Wright
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
| | - Thom R Harris-Lee
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Gunani Jayamaha
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia
| | - Minkyung Kang
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia
| | - Cameron L Bentley
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
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3
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Tetteh EB, Krysiak OA, Savan A, Kim M, Zerdoumi R, Chung TD, Ludwig A, Schuhmann W. Long-Range SECCM Enables High-Throughput Electrochemical Screening of High Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts at Up-To-Industrial Current Densities. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301284. [PMID: 38155148 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), especially in the form of compositional complex solid solutions (CCSS), have gained attention in the field of electrocatalysis. However, exploring their vast composition space concerning their electrocatalytic properties imposes significant challenges. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) offers high-speed electrochemical analysis on surface areas with a lateral resolution down to tens of nm. However, high-precision piezo positioners often used for the motion of the tip limit the area of SECCM scans to the motion range of the piezo positioners which is typically a few tens of microns. To bridge this experimental gap, the study proposes a long-range SECCM system with a rapid gas-exchange environmental cell for high-throughput electrochemical characterization of 100 mm diameter HEA thin-film material libraries (ML) obtained by combinatorial co-sputtering. Due to the gas-liquid interface at the positioned SECCM droplet on the sample, high-throughput evaluation under industrial current density conditions becomes feasible. This allows the direct correlation between electrocatalytic activity and material composition with high statistical reliability. The multidimensional data obtained accelerates materials discovery, development, and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Batsa Tetteh
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Olga A Krysiak
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alan Savan
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Moonjoo Kim
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ridha Zerdoumi
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
- Center for Interface-Dominated High-Performance Materials, ZGH; Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Gao YJ, Cui CH, Huang ZK, Pan GY, Gu YF, Yang YN, Bai F, Sun Z, Zhang T. Lithium Pre-Storage Enables High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Stable Lithium-Enriched Silicon/Graphite Anode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404637. [PMID: 38644436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Application of silicon-based anodes is significantly challenged by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor cyclability. Traditional pre-lithiation reagents often pose safety concerns due to their unstable chemical nature. Achieving a balance between water-stability and high ICE in prelithiated silicon is a critical issue. Here, we present a lithium-enriched silicon/graphite material with an ultra-high ICE of ≥110 % through a high-stable lithium pre-storage methodology. Lithium pre-storage prepared a nano-drilled graphite material with surficial lithium functional groups, which can form chemical bonds with adjacent silicon during high-temperature sintering. This results in an unexpected O-Li-Si interaction, leading to in situ pre-lithiation of silicon nanoparticles and providing high stability in air and water. Additionally, the lithium-enriched silicon/graphite materials impart a combination of high ICE, high specific capacity (620 mAh g-1), and long cycling stability (>400 cycles). This study opens up a promising avenue for highly air- and water-stable silicon anode prelithiation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Gao
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Cui
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Kun Huang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Pan
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Fan Gu
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fan Bai
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Sun
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
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5
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Wang F, Zhang C, Wu F, He Z, Huang Y. Investigation of the Single-Particle Scale Structure-Activity Relationship Providing New Insights for the Development of High-Performance Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400683. [PMID: 38747891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
As electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and tools have increasingly high requirements for battery energy density and power density, constantly improving battery performance is a research focus. Accurate measurement of the structure-activity relationship of active materials is key to advancing the research of high-performance batteries. However, conventional performance tests of active materials are based on the electrochemical measurement of porous composite electrodes containing active materials, polymer binders, and conductive carbon additives, which cannot establish an accurate structure-activity relationship with the physical characterization of microregions. In this review, in order to promote the accurate measurement and understanding of the structure-activity relationship of materials, the electrochemical measurement and physical characterization of energy storage materials at single-particle scale are reviewed. The potential problems and possible improvement schemes of the single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization are proposed. Their potential applications in single particle electrochemical simulation and machine learning are prospected. This review aims to promote the further application of single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization in energy storage materials, hoping to achieve 3D unified evaluation of physical characterization, electrochemical measurement, and theoretical simulation at the single particle scale to provide new inspiration for the development of high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Zhichao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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6
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Fang T, Liu H, Luo X, Sun M, Peng W, Li Y, Zhang F, Fan X. Enabling Uniform and Stable Lithium-Ion Diffusion at the Ultrathin Artificial Solid-Electrolyte Interface in Siloxene Anodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309600. [PMID: 38403846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a stable and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has a decisive influence on the charge/discharge kinetics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially for silicon-based anodes which generate repeated destruction and regeneration of unstable SEI films. Herein, a facile way is proposed to fabricate an artificial SEI layer composed of lithiophilic chitosan on the surface of two-dimensional siloxene, which has aroused wide attention as an advanced anode for LIBs due to its special characteristics. The optimized chitosan-modified siloxene anode exhibits an excellent reversible cyclic stability of about 672.6 mAh g-1 at a current density of 1000 mA g-1 after 200 cycles and 139.9 mAh g-1 at 6000 mA g-1 for 1200 cycles. Further investigation shows that a stable and LiF-rich SEI film is formed and can effectively adhere to the surface during cycling, redistribute lithium-ion flux, and enable a relatively homogenous lithium-ion diffusion. This work provides constructive guidance for interface engineering strategy of nano-structured silicon anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huibin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengru Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - WenChao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, 312300, China
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7
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Jayamaha G, Maleki M, Bentley CL, Kang M. Practical guidelines for the use of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Analyst 2024; 149:2542-2555. [PMID: 38632960 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) has emerged as a transformative technology for electrochemical materials characterisation and the study of single entities, garnering global adoption by numerous research groups. While details on the instrumentation and operational principles of SECCM are readily available, the growing need for practical guidelines, troubleshooting strategies, and a systematic overview of applications and trends has become increasingly evident. This tutorial review addresses this gap by offering a comprehensive guide to the practical application of SECCM. The review begins with a discussion of recent developments and trends in the application of SECCM, before providing systematic approaches to (and the associated troubleshooting associated with) instrumental set up, probe fabrication, substrate preparation and the deployment of environmental (e.g., atmosphere and humidity) control. Serving as an invaluable resource, this tutorial review aims to equip researchers and practitioners entering the field with a comprehensive guide to essential considerations for conducting successful SECCM experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunani Jayamaha
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Mahin Maleki
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Cameron L Bentley
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Minkyung Kang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006 NSW, Australia.
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8
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McCalla E. Semiautomated Experiments to Accelerate the Design of Advanced Battery Materials: Combining Speed, Low Cost, and Adaptability. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:391-402. [PMID: 38144679 PMCID: PMC10739616 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
A number of methodologies are currently being exploited in order to dramatically increase the composition space explored in the design of new battery materials. This is proving necessary as commercial Li-ion battery materials have become increasingly high-performing and complex. For example, commercial cathode materials have quinary compositions with a sixth element in the coating, while a very large number of contenders are still being considered for solid electrolytes, with most of the periodic table being at play. Furthermore, the promise of accelerated design by computation and machine learning (ML) are encouraging, but they both ultimately require large amounts of quality experimental data either to fill in holes left by the computations or to be used to improve the ML models. All of this leads researchers to increase experimental throughputs. This perspective focuses on semiautomated experimental approaches where automation is only utilized in key steps where absolutely necessary in order to overcome bottlenecks while minimizing costs. Such workflows are more widely accessible to research groups as compared to fully automated systems, such that the current perspective may be useful to a wide community. The most essential steps in automation are related to characterization, with X-ray diffraction being a key bottleneck. By analyzing published workflows of both semi- and fully automated workflows, it is found herein that steps handled by researchers during the synthesis are not prohibitive in terms of overall throughput and may lead to greater flexibility, making more synthesis routes possible. Examples will be provided in this perspective of workflows that have been optimized for anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes in Li batteries, the vast majority of which are also suitable for battery technologies beyond Li.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric McCalla
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 0B8
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Cai J, Zhou X, Li T, Nguyen HT, Veith GM, Qin Y, Lu W, Trask SE, Fonseca Rodrigues MT, Liu Y, Xu W, Schulze MC, Burrell AK, Chen Z. Critical Contribution of Imbalanced Charge Loss to Performance Deterioration of Si-Based Lithium-Ion Cells during Calendar Aging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48085-48095. [PMID: 37787440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, and thereby reducing costs, is a major target for industry and academic research. One of the best opportunities is to replace the traditional graphite anode with a high-capacity anode material, such as silicon. However, Si-based lithium-ion batteries have been widely reported to suffer from a limited calendar life for automobile applications. Heretofore, there lacks a fundamental understanding of calendar aging for rationally developing mitigation strategies. Both open-circuit voltage and voltage-hold aging protocols were utilized to characterize the aging behavior of Si-based cells. Particularly, a high-precision leakage current measurement was applied to quantitatively measure the rate of parasitic reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The rate of parasitic reactions at the Si anode was found 5 times and 15 times faster than those of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and LiFePO4 cathodes, respectively. The imbalanced charge loss from parasitic reactions plays a critical role in exacerbating performance deterioration. In addition, a linear relationship between capacity loss and charge consumption from parasitic reactions provides fundamental support to assess calendar life through voltage-hold tests. These new findings imply that longer calendar life can be achieved by suppressing parasitic reactions at the Si anode to balance charge consumption during calendar aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Cai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tianyi Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hoai T Nguyen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yan Qin
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenquan Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Stephen E Trask
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Marco-Tulio Fonseca Rodrigues
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Maxwell C Schulze
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anthony K Burrell
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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10
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Xu X, Martín-Yerga D, Grant NE, West G, Pain SL, Kang M, Walker M, Murphy JD, Unwin PR. Interfacial Chemistry Effects in the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Electrodes under Lithium-Ion Battery Conditions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303442. [PMID: 37269212 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and (de)lithiation phenomena at silicon (Si) electrodes is key to improving the performance and lifetime of Si-based lithium-ion batteries. However, these processes remain somewhat elusive, and, in particular, the role of Si surface termination merits further consideration. Here, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is used in a glovebox, followed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) at identical locations to study the local electrochemical behavior and associated SEI formation, comparing Si (100) with a native oxide layer (SiOx /Si) and etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF-Si). HF-Si shows greater spatial electrochemical heterogeneity and inferior lithiation reversibility than SiOx /Si. This is attributed to a weakly passivating SEI and irreversible lithium trapping at the Si surface. Combinatorial screening of charge/discharge cycling by SECCM with co-located SIMS reveals SEI chemistry as a function of depth. While the SEI thickness is relatively independent of the cycle number, the chemistry - particularly in the intermediate layers - depends on the number of cycles, revealing the SEI to be dynamic during cycling. This work serves as a foundation for the use of correlative SECCM/SIMS as a powerful approach to gain fundamental insights on complex battery processes at the nano- and microscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
| | - Nicholas E Grant
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Geoff West
- Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sophie L Pain
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Minkyung Kang
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - John D Murphy
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RA, UK
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11
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Sun Q, Zeng G, Li J, Wang S, Botifoll M, Wang H, Li D, Ji F, Cheng J, Shao H, Tian Y, Arbiol J, Cabot A, Ci L. Is Soft Carbon a More Suitable Match for SiO x in Li-Ion Battery Anodes? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302644. [PMID: 37144432 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon oxide (SiOx ), inheriting the high-capacity characteristic of silicon-based materials but possessing superior cycling stability, is a promising anode material for next-generation Li-ion batteries. SiOx is typically applied in combination with graphite (Gr), but the limited cycling durability of the SiOx /Gr composites curtails large-scale applications. In this work, this limited durability is demonstrated in part related to the presence of a bidirectional diffusion at the SiOx /Gr interface, which is driven by their intrinsic working potential differences and the concentration gradients. When Li on the Li-rich surface of SiOx is captured by Gr, the SiOx surface shrinks, hindering further lithiation. The use of soft carbon (SC) instead of Gr can prevent such instability is further demonstrated. The higher working potential of SC avoids bidirectional diffusion and surface compression thus allowing further lithiation. In this scenario, the evolution of the Li concentration gradient in SiOx conforms to its spontaneous lithiation process, benefiting the electrochemical performance. These results highlight the focus on the working potential of carbon as a strategy for rational optimization of SiOx /C composites toward improved battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Guifang Zeng
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Shang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Marc Botifoll
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Hao Wang
- Land Transport Authority of Singapore, Singapore, 179102, Singapore
| | - Deping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fengjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huaiyu Shao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- ICREA Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Lijie Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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12
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Zhang J, Sun J, Zhao Y, Su Y, Meng X, Yan L, Ma T. Prelithiated rigid polymer with high ionic conductivity as silicon-based anode binder for lithium-ion battery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:977-985. [PMID: 37392687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based electrodes suffer from rapid performance degradation derived from a severe volume expansion during cycling in lithium-ion batteries, and using elaborately designed polymer binders is deemed an efficient tactic to tackle the above thorny issues. In this study, a water-soluble rigid-rod poly(2,2'-disulfonyl-4,4'-benzidine terephthalamide) (PBDT) polymer is described and employed as the binder for Si-based electrodes for the first time. The nematic rigid PBDT bundles wrapped around the Si nanoparticles by hydrogen bonding effectively inhibit the volume expansion of the Si and promote the formation of stable solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI). Moreover, the prelithiated PBDT binder with high ionic conductivity (3.2 × 10-4 S cm-1) not only improves the Li-ions transportation behaviors in the electrode but can also partially compensate for the irreversible Li source consumption during SEI formation. Consequently, the cycling stability and initial coulombic efficiency of the Si-based electrodes with the PBDT binder are remarkably enhanced compared to that with the PVDF binder. This work demonstrates the molecular structure and prelithiation strategy of the polymer binder that play a crucial role in improving the performance of Si-based electrodes with high-volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Jiaze Sun
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yitian Su
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xianhe Meng
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Lijing Yan
- College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Tingli Ma
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan; College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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13
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Godeffroy L, Makogon A, Gam Derouich S, Kanoufi F, Shkirskiy V. Imaging and Quantifying the Chemical Communication between Single Particles in Metal Alloys. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37327768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The communication within particle agglomerates in industrial alloys can have a significant impact on the macroscopic reactivity, putting a high demand on the adaptation of wide-field methodologies to clarify this phenomenon. In this work, we report the application of correlated optical microscopies probing operando both local pH and local surface chemical transformation correlated with identical location scanning electron microscopy to quantify in situ the structure reactivity of particle agglomerates of foreign elements in the Al alloy. The optical operando analyses allow us (i) to reveal and quantify the local production of OH- from proton and oxygen reduction at individual Si- or Fe-rich microparticles and (ii) to quantify (and model) the chemical communication between these active sites, within a few micrometer range, on the local chemical transformation of the material. Wide-field image analysis highlights the statistical importance of chemical communication that may introduce a new conceptual framework for the understanding of the mechanisms in related fields of charge transfer, electrocatalysis, and corrosion.
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14
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Gu Y, You EM, Lin JD, Wang JH, Luo SH, Zhou RY, Zhang CJ, Yao JL, Li HY, Li G, Wang WW, Qiao Y, Yan JW, Wu DY, Liu GK, Zhang L, Li JF, Xu R, Tian ZQ, Cui Y, Mao BW. Resolving nanostructure and chemistry of solid-electrolyte interphase on lithium anodes by depth-sensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3536. [PMID: 37321993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays crucial roles for the reversible operation of lithium metal batteries. However, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of SEI formation and evolution is still limited. Herein, we develop a depth-sensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (DS-PERS) method to enable in-situ and nondestructive characterization of the nanostructure and chemistry of SEI, based on synergistic enhancements of localized surface plasmons from nanostructured Cu, shell-isolated Au nanoparticles and Li deposits at different depths. We monitor the sequential formation of SEI in both ether-based and carbonate-based dual-salt electrolytes on a Cu current collector and then on freshly deposited Li, with dramatic chemical reconstruction. The molecular-level insights from the DS-PERS study unravel the profound influences of Li in modifying SEI formation and in turn the roles of SEI in regulating the Li-ion desolvation and the subsequent Li deposition at SEI-coupled interfaces. Last, we develop a cycling protocol that promotes a favorable direct SEI formation route, which significantly enhances the performance of anode-free Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-De Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Si-Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ru-Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen-Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia-Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo-Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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15
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Mishra A, Sarbapalli D, Rodríguez O, Rodríguez-López J. Electrochemical Imaging of Interfaces in Energy Storage via Scanning Probe Methods: Techniques, Applications, and Prospects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:93-115. [PMID: 37068746 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091422-110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing a deeper understanding of dynamic chemical, electronic, and morphological changes at interfaces is key to solving practical issues in electrochemical energy storage systems (EESSs). To unravel this complexity, an assortment of tools with distinct capabilities and spatiotemporal resolutions have been used to creatively visualize interfacial processes as they occur. This review highlights how electrochemical scanning probe techniques (ESPTs) such as electrochemical atomic force microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, scanning ion conductance microscopy, and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy are uniquely positioned to address these challenges in EESSs. We describe the operating principles of ESPTs, focusing on the inspection of interfacial structure and chemical processes involved in Li-ion batteries and beyond. We discuss current examples, performance limitations, and complementary ESPTs. Finally, we discuss prospects for imaging improvements and deep learning for automation. We foresee that ESPTs will play an enabling role in advancing EESSs as we transition to renewable energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiroop Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Dipobrato Sarbapalli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Oliver Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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16
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Xiao Z, Lin X, Zhang C, Shen J, Zhang R, He Z, Lin Z, Jiang H, Wei F. Insights into the Coating Integrity and its Effect on the Electrochemical Performance of Core-Shell Structure SiO x @C Composite Anodes. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201623. [PMID: 36840644 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based anodes have been considered as ideal candidates for next-generation Li-ion batteries. However, the rapid cyclability decay due to significant volume expansion limits its commercialization. Besides, the instable interface further aggravates the degradation. Carbon coating is one effective way to improve the electrochemical performance.The coating integrity may be a critical index for core-shell structure electrode materials. Herein, the coating integrity of SiOx @C composite is tested by a developed selective alkali dissolution, further quantitatively depicted by a proposed index of alkali solubility α. The effect of coating integrity on electrochemical performance reveals that SiOx dissolution loss has a significant impact on the overall electrode structure stability and interface property. Because of the side reaction between uncoated active SiOx and electrolyte, the quadratic decrease of initial coulombic efficiency and increase of solid electrolyte interphase thickness with the rise of alkali solubility are closely related to the generated F content induced by active material loss, further supported by the obvious linear rise of Li2 SiF6 fraction, leads to the linear increase of interface impedance and volume expansion rate, which may take primarily responsibility for the performance decay. This work propels the fundamental understanding on the interface failure mechnism and inspires rational high-performance electrode material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexi Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Chenxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Novusilicon Co.Ltd., Changzhou, 213149, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ziying He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenkang Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hairong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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17
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Tetteh EB, Valavanis D, Daviddi E, Xu X, Santana Santos C, Ventosa E, Martín-Yerga D, Schuhmann W, Unwin PR. Fast Li-ion Storage and Dynamics in TiO 2 Nanoparticle Clusters Probed by Smart Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214493. [PMID: 36469735 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anatase TiO2 is a promising material for Li-ion (Li+ ) batteries with fast charging capability. However, Li+ (de)intercalation dynamics in TiO2 remain elusive and reported diffusivities span many orders of magnitude. Here, we develop a smart protocol for scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) with in situ optical microscopy (OM) to enable the high-throughput charge/discharge analysis of single TiO2 nanoparticle clusters. Directly probing active nanoparticles revealed that TiO2 with a size of ≈50 nm can store over 30 % of the theoretical capacity at an extremely fast charge/discharge rate of ≈100 C. This finding of fast Li+ storage in TiO2 particles strengthens its potential for fast-charging batteries. More generally, smart SECCM-OM should find wide applications for high-throughput electrochemical screening of nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Batsa Tetteh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK.,Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Daviddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
| | - Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Edgar Ventosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-, Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, UK
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18
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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19
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Zhao C, Kumar A, Li Z, He L, Meng X, Liu N, Guo M, Liu Z, Dou G, Wang Y, Zhang G. N 4-Vacancy-Functionalized Carbon for High-Rate Li-Ion Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50794-50802. [PMID: 36335470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although heteroatom doping and pore management separately influence the Li+ adsorption and Li+ diffusion properties, respectively, merging their functions into a single unit is intriguing and has not been fully investigated. Herein, we have successfully incorporated both heteroatom doping and pore management within the same functional unit of N4-vacancy motifs, which is realized via acid etching of formamide-derived Zn-N4-functionalized carbon materials (Zn1NC). The N4-vacancy-rich porous carbon (V-NC) renders multiple merits: (1) a high N content of 13.94 atom % for large Li-storage capacity, (2) edged unsaturated N sites favoring highly efficient Li+ adsorption and desolvation, and (3) a shortening of the Li+ diffusion length through N4 vacancy, thereby enhancing the Li-storage kinetics and high-rate performance. This work serves as an inspiration for the creation of heteroatom-edged porous structures with controllable pore sizes for high-rate alkali-ion battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Zhao
- Department of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Humanities and Applied Science, GLA University, Mathura281406, India
| | - Zongge Li
- Department of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Luman He
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Xiangshe Meng
- Department of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Nianxi Liu
- Department of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon Materials, College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266061, China
| | - Gang Dou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- Department of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266590, China
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