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Nigro V, Angelini R, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Franco S, Ruzicka B. Chemical-Physical Behaviour of Microgels Made of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of PNIPAM and Poly(acrylic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091353. [PMID: 33919087 PMCID: PMC8122350 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgels composed of stimuli responsive polymers have attracted worthwhile interest as model colloids for theorethical and experimental studies and for nanotechnological applications. A deep knowledge of their behaviour is fundamental for the design of new materials. Here we report the current understanding of a dual responsive microgel composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a temperature sensitive polymer, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), a pH sensitive polymer, at different temperatures, PAAc contents, concentrations, solvents and pH. The combination of multiple techniques as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Raman spectroscopy, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), rheology and electrophoretic measurements allow to investigate the hydrodynamic radius behaviour across the typical Volume Phase Transition (VPT), the involved molecular mechanism and the internal particle structure together with the viscoelastic properties and the role of ionic charge in the aggregation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 45121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elena Buratti
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Silvia Franco
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria (SBAI), Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
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López-González M, Melia Rodrigo M, Valiente M, Trabado I, Mendicuti F, Marcelo G. Structuring hydrophobic domains in Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-Methacrylic acid) hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kang W, Zhu Z, Yang H, Tian S, Wang P, Zhang X, Lashari ZA. Study on the association behavior of a hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide in aqueous solution based on host-guest inclusion. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Study on salt thickening mechanism of the amphiphilic polymer with betaine zwitterionic group by β-cyclodextrin inclusion method. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yu R, Zheng S. Poly(acrylic acid)-grafted poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) networks: preparation, characterization and hydrogel behavior. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 22:2305-24. [PMID: 21092421 DOI: 10.1163/092050610x538722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(acrylic acid)-grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) co-polymer networks (PNIPAAm-g-PAA) were prepared via the reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N-isopropyl- acrylamide (NIPAAm) with trithiocarbonate-terminated PAA as a macromolecular chain-transfer agent in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide. The PNIPAAm-g-PAA co-polymer networks were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering. It is found that the PNIPAAm-g-PAA co-polymer networks were microphase-separated, in which the microdomains of PNIPAAm-PAA interpolymer complexes were dispersed into the PNIPAAm matrix. The PNIPAAm-g-PAA hydrogels displayed a dual response to temperature and pH values. The thermoresponsive properties of PNIPAAm-g-PAA networks were investigated. Below the volume phase transition temperatures, the PNIPAAm-g-PAA hydrogels possessed much higher swelling ratios than control PNIPAAm hydrogel. In terms of swelling, deswelling and reswelling tests, it is judged that the PNIPAAm-g-PAA hydrogels displayed faster response to the external temperature changes than control PNIPAAm hydrogel. The improved thermoresponsive properties of hydrogels are ascribed to the formation of PAA-grafted PNIPAAm networks, in which the water-soluble PAA chains behave as the hydrophiphilic tunnels and allow water molecules to go through and, thus, to accelerate the diffusion of water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentong Yu
- a Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Li J, Cong H, Li L, Zheng S. Thermoresponse improvement of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels via formation of poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) nanophases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13677-13687. [PMID: 25036696 DOI: 10.1021/am503148v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The block copolymer networks composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) were synthesized via sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with α,ω-didithiobenzoate-terminated poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent. It was found that the block copolymer networks were microphase-separated as evidenced by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In the block copolymer networks, spherical or cylindrical PSSNa microdomains were finely dispersed into continuous PNIPAM matrixes. In comparison with unmodified PNIPAM hydrogel, the nanostructured hydrogels displayed improved thermoresponsive properties. In addition, the swelling ratios of the PSSNa-modified PNIPAM hydrogels were significantly higher than that of plain PNIPAM hydrogel. The improvement of thermoresponse was attributable to the formation of the PSSNa nanophases, which promoted the transportation of water molecules in the cross-linked networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Ji Y, Kang W, Meng L, Hu L, Yang H. Study of the solution behavior of β-cyclodextrin amphiphilic polymer inclusion complex and the stability of its O/W emulsion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cong H, Zheng S. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: synthesis and rapid thermoresponsive properties. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Malana MA, Bukhari JUD, Zohra R. Synthesis, swelling behavior, and network parameters of novel chemically crosslinked poly (acrylamide-co-methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels. Des Monomers Polym 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2013.840501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubab Zohra
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, A Chartered University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hao J, Weiss R. Mechanical behavior of hybrid hydrogels composed of a physical and a chemical network. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Malana MA, Zohra R. The release behavior and kinetic evaluation of tramadol HCl from chemically cross linked Ter polymeric hydrogels. Daru 2013; 21:10. [PMID: 23351340 PMCID: PMC3584726 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Hydrogels, being stimuli responsive are considered to be effective for targeted and sustained drug delivery. The main purpose for this work was to study the release behavior and kinetic evaluation of Tramadol HCl from chemically cross linked ter polymeric hydrogels. METHODS Ter-polymers of methacrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid cross linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization. The drug release rates, dynamic swelling behavior and pH sensitivity of hydrogels ranging in composition from 1-10 mol% EGDMA were studied. Tramadol HCl was used as model drug substance. The release behavior was investigated at pH 8 where all formulations exhibited non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. RESULTS AND MAJOR CONCLUSION Absorbency was found to be more than 99% indicating good drug loading capability of these hydrogels towards the selected drug substance. Formulations designed with increasing amounts of EGDMA had a decreased equilibrium media content as well as media penetrating velocity and thus exhibited a slower drug release rate. Fitting of release data to different kinetic models indicate that the kinetic order shifts from the first to zero order as the concentration of drug was increased in the medium, showing gradual independency of drug release towards its concentration. Formulations with low drug content showed best fitness with Higuchi model whereas those with higher concentration of drug followed Hixson-Crowell model with better correlation values indicating that the drug release from these formulations depends more on change in surface area and diameter of tablets than that on concentration of the drug. Release exponent (n) derived from Korse-Meyer Peppas equation implied that the release of Tramadol HCl from these formulations was generally non-Fickian (n > 0.5 > 1) showing swelling controlled mechanism. The mechanical strength and controlled release capability of the systems indicate that these co-polymeric hydrogels have a great potential to be used as colon drug delivery device through oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Malana
- Chemistry Department, Bahauddin Zakarya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Zohra
- Chemistry Department, Bahauddin Zakarya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Yang X, Kim JC, Jin Seo H. Hydrogel of β-cyclodextrin-Grafted Polyethyleneimine: pH-Sensitive Release. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.596332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gupta I, Tomar RS, Nagpal AK, Singhal R. Synthesis and characterization of poly(AAm-co-BMA-co-AAc) hydrogels: effect of acrylamide content on swelling behaviour. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855506778943993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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β-Cyclodextrin grafted polyethyleneimine hydrogel immobilizing hydrophobically modified glucose oxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:661-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang X, Kim JC. beta-Cyclodextrin hydrogels containing naphthaleneacetic acid for pH-sensitive release. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:295-302. [PMID: 20148415 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD) hydrogel was prepared in a strong alkali condition using epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a cross-linker, where the molar ratios of EPI to beta-CD were 8:1, 10:1, and 15:1. In order to endow a pH sensitivity to the hydrogel, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was loaded in the hydrogel by taking advantage of its hydrophobic interaction with the cavities of beta-CD. The releases of blue dextran (a water-soluble dye) from the hydrogels were promoted, as the pHs of the media increased. When the molar ratio of EPI to beta-CD was lower, the degrees of release were higher, and the pH dependency of the release became more prominent. In fact, the swelling ratio of the hydrogels having a lower molar ratio of EPI to beta-CD was higher. The higher swelling ratio would account for the higher degree of release and the marked pH sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, 192-1, Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Korea
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CHEN Q, LIU C, JIANG G, LIU X, YANG M, ZHANG D, LIU F. STUDIES ON SWELLING BEHAVIOR OF POLY(ACRYLIC ACID- co-OCTADECYL METHACRYLATE) HYDROPHOBIC ASSOCIATION HYDROGELS WITH HIGH MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. ACTA POLYM SIN 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2010.09469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bohrisch J, Zimmermann A. Amino Starches as pH-Sensitive Coatings: Synthesis and Application. STARCH-STARKE 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/star.200600575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bohrisch J, Hahn M, Maedler A, Stoll M. Synthesis and properties of new thermosensitive polymer systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mullarney MP, Seery TA, Weiss R. Drug diffusion in hydrophobically modified N,N-dimethylacrylamide hydrogels. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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