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Saverina EA, Frolov NA, Kamanina OA, Arlyapov VA, Vereshchagin AN, Ananikov VP. From Antibacterial to Antibiofilm Targeting: An Emerging Paradigm Shift in the Development of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs). ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:394-422. [PMID: 36790073 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In a previous development stage, mostly individual antibacterial activity was a target in the optimization of biologically active compounds and antiseptic agents. Although this targeting is still valuable, a new trend has appeared since the discovery of superhigh resistance of bacterial cells upon their aggregation into groups. Indeed, it is now well established that the great majority of pathogenic germs are found in the environment as surface-associated microbial communities called biofilms. The protective properties of biofilms and microbial resistance, even to high concentrations of biocides, cause many chronic infections in medical settings and lead to serious economic losses in various areas. A paradigm shift from individual bacterial targeting to also affecting more complex cellular frameworks is taking place and involves multiple strategies for combating biofilms with compounds that are effective at different stages of microbiome formation. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) play a key role in many of these treatments and prophylactic techniques on the basis of both the use of individual antibacterial agents and combination technologies. In this review, we summarize the literature data on the effectiveness of using commercially available and newly synthesized QACs, as well as synergistic treatment techniques based on them. As an important focus, techniques for developing and applying antimicrobial coatings that prevent the formation of biofilms on various surfaces over time are discussed. The information analyzed in this review will be useful to researchers and engineers working in many fields, including the development of a new generation of applied materials; understanding biofilm surface growth; and conducting research in medical, pharmaceutical, and materials sciences. Although regular studies of antibacterial activity are still widely conducted, a promising new trend is also to evaluate antibiofilm activity in a comprehensive study in order to meet the current requirements for the development of highly needed practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Saverina
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, 300012 Tula, Russia.,N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita A Frolov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Anatoly N Vereshchagin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Andersen C, Madsen J, Daugaard AE. A Synthetic Overview of Preparation Protocols of Nonmetallic, Contact-Active Antimicrobial Quaternary Surfaces on Polymer Substrates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100437. [PMID: 34491589 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial surfaces have been researched for more than 30 years and remain highly desirable. In particular, there is an interest in providing antimicrobial properties to commodity plastics, because these, in their native state, are excellent substrates for pathogens to adhere and proliferate on. Therefore, efficient strategies for converting surfaces of commodity plastics into contact-active antimicrobial surfaces are of significant interest. Many systems have been prepared and tested for their efficacy. Here, the synthetic approaches to such active surfaces are reviewed, with the restriction to only include systems with tested antibacterial properties. The review focuses on the synthetic approach to surface functionalization of the most common materials used and tested for biomedical applications, which effectively has limited the study to quaternary materials. For future developments in the field, it is evident that there is a need for development of simple methods that permit scalable production of active surfaces. Furthermore, in terms of efficacy, there is an outstanding concern of a lack of universal antimicrobial action as well as rapid deactivation of the antibacterial effect through surface fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Andersen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, building 229, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.,Coloplast A/S, Holtedam 1-3, Humlebaek, 3050, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, building 229, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Anders E Daugaard
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, building 229, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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Santos MRE, Mendonça PV, Branco R, Sousa R, Dias C, Serra AC, Fernandes JR, Magalhães FD, Morais PV, Coelho JFJ. Light-Activated Antimicrobial Surfaces Using Industrial Varnish Formulations to Mitigate the Incidence of Nosocomial Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7567-7579. [PMID: 33538168 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that hospital surfaces are one of the major vehicles of nosocomial infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Smart surface coatings presenting multiple antimicrobial activity mechanisms have emerged as an advanced approach to safely prevent this type of infection. In this work, industrial waterborne polyurethane varnish formulations containing for the first time cationic polymeric biocides (SPBs) combined with photosensitizer curcumin were developed to afford contact-active and light-responsive antimicrobial surfaces. SPBs were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, which allows control over the polymer features that influence antimicrobial efficiency (e.g., molecular weight), while natural curcumin was employed to impart photodynamic activity to the surface. Antibacterial testing against Gram-negative Escherichia coli revealed that glass surfaces coated with the new formulations displayed photokilling effect under white-light (42 mW/cm2) irradiation within only 15 min of exposure. In addition, it was observed a combined antimicrobial effect between the two biocides (cationic SPB and curcumin), with a higher reduction in the number of viable bacteria observed for the surfaces containing cationic SPB/curcumin mixtures in comparison with the one obtained for surfaces only with polymer or without biocides. The waterborne industrial varnish formulations allowed the formation of homogeneous films without the need for addition of a coalescing agent, which can be potentially applied in diverse surface substrates to reduce bacterial transmission infections in healthcare environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson R E Santos
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Branco
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ruben Sousa
- LEPABE Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Dias
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José R Fernandes
- Centre for Chemistry, Vila Real (CQVR), Physics Department, School of Science and Technology (ECT), University of Trás-dos-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernão D Magalhães
- LEPABE Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Morais
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhengguo Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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He Y, Zhao H, Yao M, Weiss RG. Complex new materials from simple chemistry: Combining an amino-substituted polysiloxane and carboxylic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington DC 20057-1227
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington DC 20057-1227
| | - Miao Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington DC 20057-1227
- Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology, Georgetown University; Washington DC 20057-1227
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Badrossamay M, Sun G. Enhancing hygiene/antimicrobial properties of polyolefins. POLYOLEFIN FIBRES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7151946 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-101132-4.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cavallaro A, Mierczynska A, Barton M, Majewski P, Vasilev K. Influence of immobilized quaternary ammonium group surface density on antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:13-24. [PMID: 26691649 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of medical devices causes infections and is a significant problem in healthcare. The use of antibacterial coatings is considered as a potential solution to this problem and has attracted a great deal of attention. Using concentration density gradients of immobilized quaternary ammonium compounds it was demonstrated that a specific threshold of surface concentration is required to induce significant bacterial death. It was determined that this threshold was 4.18% NR4(+) bonded nitrogen with a surface potential of + 120.4 mV. Furthermore, it is shown for the first time that adhesion of constituents of the culture medium to the quaternary ammonium modified surface eliminated any cytotoxicity towards eukaryotic cells such as primary human fibroblasts. The implications of this type of surface fouling on the antimicrobial efficacy of surface coatings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cavallaro
- a School of Engineering , University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | | | - Mary Barton
- c School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Peter Majewski
- a School of Engineering , University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- a School of Engineering , University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
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Gultekinoglu M, Tunc Sarisozen Y, Erdogdu C, Sagiroglu M, Aksoy EA, Oh YJ, Hinterdorfer P, Ulubayram K. Designing of dynamic polyethyleneimine (PEI) brushes on polyurethane (PU) ureteral stents to prevent infections. Acta Biomater 2015; 21:44-54. [PMID: 25848724 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Permanent antibacterial coatings have been developed by brush-like polyethyleneimine (PEI) on polyurethane (PU) ureteral stents since bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation with the following encrustation on stent surface limit their long term usage. In order to control or prevent bacterial infections; PEI chains with two different molecular weights (Mn: 1800 or 60,000 Da) were covalently attached on the polyurethane (PU) surface by "grafting to" approach to obtain a brush-like structure. Then, PEI brushes were alkylated with bromohexane to enhance the disruption of bacterial membranes with increasing polycationic character. X-ray Photoelectron and Infrared Spectroscopy investigations confirmed that PEI grafting and alkylation steps were performed successfully. Surface roughness in dry state increased dramatically from 65.8 nm to 277.7 nm and 145.2 nm for short chain PEI and long chain PEI grafted samples, respectively. Both low and high molecular weight PEI grafts exhibited a brush-like structure and potent antibacterial activity by lowering the adherence of Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis species up to two orders of magnitude without any cytotoxic effect on L929 and G/G cells. Thus, permanent bactericidal activity was achieved by the contact-active strategy of dynamic PEI brush-like structures on polyurethane ureteral stent.
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Tregubov AA, Walker DB, Vuong KQ, Gooding JJ, Messerle BA. The advantages of covalently attaching organometallic catalysts to a carbon black support: recyclable Rh(i) complexes that deliver enhanced conversion and product selectivity. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:7917-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bidentate Rh(i) coordination complex was covalently anchored to a carbon black support. The resultant hybrid catalyst was found to be active for both hydroamination and dihydroalkoxylation reactions and was readily recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Tregubov
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - D. Barney Walker
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Khuong Q. Vuong
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
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Vasilev K, Cook J, Griesser HJ. Antibacterial surfaces for biomedical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 6:553-67. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.09.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Noimark S, Allan E, Parkin IP. Light-activated antimicrobial surfaces with enhanced efficacy induced by a dark-activated mechanism. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a potent antimicrobial polymer demonstrating an enhanced bactericidal activity upon white light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Noimark
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London, UK
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Diseases
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute
- University College London
- London, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London, UK
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Kuo CH, Chang HY, Liu CP, Lee SH, You YW, Shyue JJ. Effect of surface chemical composition on the surface potential and iso-electric point of silicon substrates modified with self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:3649-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02615h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Merchan M, Sedlarikova J, Sedlarik V, Machovsky M, Svobodova J, Saha P. Antibacterial polyvinyl chloride/antibiotic films: The effect of solvent on morphology, antibacterial activity, and release kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Parra F, Vázquez B, Benito L, Barcenilla J, San Román J. Foldable Antibacterial Acrylic Intraocular Lenses of High Refractive Index. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:3055-61. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9006997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Parra
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Spain, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Vázquez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Spain, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Benito
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Spain, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Barcenilla
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Spain, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. San Román
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain, CIBER-BBN, Spain, and Institute of Industrial Fermentations, CSIC, C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Liaw DJ, Wang KL, Chen TP, Lee KR, Lai JY. Amphiphilic macromolecular nanostructure materials derived from 5-(octanoate methyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and 5-(phthalimide methyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene via ring-opening metathesis copolymerization. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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