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Zhao B, Sivasankar VS, Subudhi SK, Sinha S, Dasgupta A, Das S. Applications, fluid mechanics, and colloidal science of carbon-nanotube-based 3D printable inks. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14858-14894. [PMID: 36196967 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04912g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing (3DP), is a novel and developing technology, which has a wide range of industrial and scientific applications. This technology has continuously progressed over the past several decades, with improvement in productivity, resolution of the printed features, achievement of more and more complex shapes and topographies, scalability of the printed components and devices, and discovery of new printing materials with multi-functional capabilities. Among these newly developed printing materials, carbon-nanotubes (CNT) based inks, with their remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, have emerged as an extremely attractive option. Various formulae of CNT-based ink have been developed, including CNT-nano-particle inks, CNT-polymer inks, and CNT-based non-nanocomposite inks (i.e., CNT ink that is not in a form where CNT particles are suspended in a polymer matrix). Various types of sensors as well as soft and smart electronic devices with a multitude of applications have been fabricated with CNT-based inks by employing different 3DP methods including syringe printing (SP), aerosol-jet printing (AJP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and stereolithography (SLA). Despite such progress, there is inadequate literature on the various fluid mechanics and colloidal science aspects associated with the printability and property-tunability of nanoparticulate inks, specifically CNT-based inks. This review article, therefore, will focus on the formulation, dispersion, and the associated fluid mechanics and the colloidal science of 3D printable CNT-based inks. This article will first focus on the different examples where 3DP has been employed for printing CNT-based inks for a multitude of applications. Following that, we shall highlight the various key fluid mechanics and colloidal science issues that are central and vital to printing with such inks. Finally, the article will point out the open existing challenges and scope of future work on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihan Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | | | - Swarup Kumar Subudhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Defect Metrology Group, Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA
| | - Abhijit Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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2
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Nag A, Afsarimanesh N, Nuthalapati S, Altinsoy ME. Novel Surfactant-Induced MWCNTs/PDMS-Based Nanocomposites for Tactile Sensing Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134504. [PMID: 35806631 PMCID: PMC9267166 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the use of surfactant-induced MWCNTs/PDMS-based nanocomposites for tactile sensing applications. The significance of nanocomposites-based sensors has constantly been growing due to their enhanced electromechanical characteristics. As a result of the simplified customization for their target applications, research is ongoing to determine the quality and quantity of the precursor materials that are involved in the fabrication of nanocomposites. Although a significant amount of work has been done to develop a wide range of nanocomposite-based prototypes, they still require optimization when mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrices. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) are one of the pioneering materials used in multifunctional sensing applications due to their high yield, excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, and high structural integrity. Among the other carbon allotropes used to form nanocomposites, MWCNTs have been widely studied due to their enhanced bonding with the polymer matrix, highly densified sampling, and even surfacing throughout the composites. This paper highlights the development, characterization and implementation of surfactant-added MWCNTs/PDMS-based nanocomposites. The prototypes consisted of an optimized amount of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and MWCNTs mixed as nanofillers in the PDMS matrix. The results have been promising in terms of their mechanical behaviour as they responded well to a maximum strain of 40%. Stable and repeatable output was obtained with a response time of 1 millisecond. The Young’s Modulus of the sensors was 2.06 MPa. The utilization of the prototypes for low-pressure tactile sensing applications is also shown here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Nag
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (S.N.); (M.E.A.)
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nasrin Afsarimanesh
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Suresh Nuthalapati
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (S.N.); (M.E.A.)
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ercan Altinsoy
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (S.N.); (M.E.A.)
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Robinson JG, Gonawan FN, Harun Kamaruddin A. Optimization of Binary Polymer Concentration for Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Genza Robinson
- Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus 14300 Seri Ampangan Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Adamawa State College of Education Chemistry Department, School of Sciences PM B 223, Yola Hong Adamawa State Nigeria
| | - Fadzil Noor Gonawan
- Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus 14300 Seri Ampangan Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Azlina Harun Kamaruddin
- Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus 14300 Seri Ampangan Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
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Kim J, Jung H, Kim M, Bae H, Lee Y. Conductive Polymer Composites for Soft Tactile Sensors. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ruangmak K, Paradee N, Niamlang S, Sakunpongpitiporn P, Sirivat A. Electrically controlled transdermal delivery of naproxen and indomethacin from porous cis-1,4-polyisoprene matrix. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:478-488. [PMID: 34399032 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study is focused on the inquiry of using a porous polymeric structure to absorb and release transdermally two drugs through a skin from deproteinized natural rubber latex (DPNR). The porous DPNR films were fabricated from the internal formation of surfactant micelles and their subsequent leaching out to generate porous structures. The pore size of DPNR films increased with increasing surfactant amount. The model drugs were naproxen and indomethacin; their releases and release-permeations were investigated under the effects of surfactant amount, electrical potential, and drug size. Without electric field, the drug release mechanism was mainly driven by concentration gradient. The higher amount of drug released was obtained from the matrix with a larger pore size. Under electric field, the higher amounts of drug release were obtained in the shorter drug release durations, via the electrorepulsive force between the negatively charged drugs and the cathode electrode. The molecular drug size was a factor for the drug absorption, release rate and amount. For the drug release-permeation experiment through the pig skin, there were two release-permeation periods as governed by the combination of concentration gradient and swelling in the first period, and the matrix erosion in the second period. The fabricated porous DPNR films have been shown here to be potential to be used as a transdermal patch with electrically controllable drug release rate, amount and duration along with the facile drug-matrix loading and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonpan Ruangmak
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nophawan Paradee
- Sustainable Polymer & Innovative Composite Materials Research Group, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumonman Niamlang
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Anuvat Sirivat
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wu C, Wu R, Tam LH. Coarse-grained molecular simulation of the effects of carbon nanotube dispersion on the mechanics of semicrystalline polymer nanocomposites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:325705. [PMID: 33794512 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CNT/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites are found to possess enhanced mechanical properties, but the reinforcing effect is reduced at large added CNT weight percentages due to CNT aggregation. Optimizing the properties of a nanocomposite requires a fundamental understanding of the effects of CNT dispersion on the nanocomposite. In this work, coarse-grained molecular models of CNT/PP nanocomposites are constructed, which consist of randomly dispersed or aggregated CNT bundles. Our simulation results reveal that with randomly dispersed CNT bundles, the nanocomposite shows properties that continuously improve with increasing CNT contents due to the effective CNT/PP interface and the reinforcing effect of CNTs. By comparison, the nanocomposite with aggregated CNT clusters exhibits a decline in yield strength at CNT contents over 3 wt%, which results from a reduced CNT load-carrying capacity due to the formation of structural voids in the interfacial region. This study achieves anin situobservation of the structural void evolution of loaded nanocomposites, provides valuable insights into the effects of CNT dispersion on the mechanics of CNT/PP nanocomposites, and paves the way for optimizing the design of nanocomposites with superior mechanical properties by designing the CNT dispersion in the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruidong Wu
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lik-Ho Tam
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Synthesis and Characterization of Fe 0.8Mn 0.2Fe 2O 4 Ferrite Nanoparticle with High Saturation Magnetization via the Surfactant Assisted Co-Precipitation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040876. [PMID: 33808157 PMCID: PMC8067334 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4) were synthesized via surfactant-assisted co-precipitation, where sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as the template to control particle size at various SDS concentrations. The substitutions of iron (II) (Fe2+) into the MnFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles were carried out to obtain Fe(1-x)MnxFe2O4, with various Mn2+: Fe2+ molar ratios. The synthesized ferrite nanoparticles were characterized by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), two-point probe, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The experimental Mn:Fe mole ratios of the Fe(1-x)MnxFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles were verified to be in agreement with the theoretical values. The synthesized MnFe2O4 and Fe(1-x)MnxFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles were of mixed spinel structures, with average spherical particle sizes between 17-22 nm, whereas the magnetite ferrite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were of the inverse spinel structure. They showed soft ferromagnetic behavior. The synthesized Fe0.8Mn0.2Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticle possessed the highest saturation magnetization of 88 emu/g relative to previously reported work to date.
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Pontoreau M, Emmanuel LG, Bourda C, Silvain JF. Optimization of highly concentrated dispersions of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with emphasis on surfactant content and carbon nanotubes quality. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:405707. [PMID: 32544903 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9d42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optimized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) suspensions in aqueous solution have been obtained by joint use of ultrasonification and surfactant. A simple experimental procedure has been established to efficiently evaluate the dependence of the surfactant concentration on the MWNT concentration stable in suspension. The study of three different surfactants and MWNT provided by three suppliers showed that a threshold surfactant concentration exists above which the MWNT concentration is maximum. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the maximum MWNT concentration achievable varies from 0.50 to 7.5 g l-1 depending mainly on quality of the MWNT determined by raman spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Pontoreau
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, Pessacf-33608, France
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Chen J, Zhu Y, Huang J, Zhang J, Pan D, Zhou J, Ryu JE, Umar A, Guo Z. Advances in Responsively Conductive Polymer Composites and Sensing Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1734818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaoxia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Duo Pan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jong E. Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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10
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Zhang R, Fallon JJ, Joseph RM, Thomas JA, Hassan MS, Choudhury SR, Gilmer EL, Kubota M, Deitzel JM, Riffle JS, Bortner MJ. Preparation of Submicrometer High-Performance Poly(ether imide) Particles for Fabricating Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Munetaka Kubota
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 United States
| | - Joseph M. Deitzel
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 United States
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11
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Jahandideh H, Ganjeh-Anzabi P, Bryant SL, Trifkovic M. The Significance of Graphene Oxide-Polyacrylamide Interactions on the Stability and Microstructure of Oil-in-Water Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12870-12881. [PMID: 30266070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emulsification of oil in water by nanoparticles can be facilitated by the addition of costabilizers, such as polymers and surfactants. The enhanced properties of the resulting emulsions are usually attributed to nanoparticle/costabilizer synergy; however, the mechanism of this synergistic effect and its impacts on emulsion stability and microstructure remain unclear. Here, we study the synergistic interaction of graphene oxide (GO) and a high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) in stabilization of paraffin oil/water emulsion systems. We show that the addition of PAM reduces the amount of GO required to stabilize an emulsion significantly. In order to probe the synergistic effect of GO and PAM, we analytically analyze the oil-free GO and GO-PAM dispersions and directly image their morphology via Cryo-TEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction results confirm the adsorption of PAM molecules onto GO sheets resulting in the formation of ultimate GO-PAM complexes. The adsorption phenomenon is a consequence of hydrogen bonding and acid-base interactions, conceivably leading to a resilient electron-donor-acceptor complex. The microstructure of emulsions is captured with two-color fluorescent microscopy and Cryo-TEM. The acquired images display the localization of GO-PAM complexes at the interface while large amount of GO-PAM flocs coexist at the interface and in between oil droplets. Localization of such complexes and flocs at the interface is found to be responsible for their slow creaming rates compared to their GO counterparts. Mechanical properties of both dispersions and emulsions are studied by shear rheology. Rheological measurements confirm that GO-PAM complexes have a higher desorption energy from the interface resulting in higher critical shear strain of GO-PAM emulsions. The results, with insights into both structure and rheology, form a foundational understanding for integration of other polymers and nanoparticles in emulsion systems, which enables efficient design of these systems for an application of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Jahandideh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Canada
| | - Pejman Ganjeh-Anzabi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Canada
| | - Steven L Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Canada
| | - Milana Trifkovic
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Canada
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12
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Wang M, Li L, Zhou S, Tang R, Yang Z, Zhang X. Influence of CNTs on the Crystalline Microstructure and Ferroelectric Behavior of P(VDF-TrFE). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10702-10710. [PMID: 30134096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the crystalline microstructure and ferroelectric behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride- co-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)). X-ray analysis suggests that CNT can act as a template and direct the chain orientation of P(VDF-TrFE) crystals. In the presence of CNTs, the molecular chain axis ( c axis) of the β-phase crystal is oriented parallel to the long axis of CNTs. Moreover, we find that this templating effect did not cause a polymorph transition. For P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT composites, the crystallinity of P(VDF-TrFE) is slightly decreased. The orientation of the c axis induced by the templating effect of CNTs has a significant impact on the ferroelectric behavior of P(VDF-TrFE). As compared to a pure P(VDF-TrFE) film, the remnant polarization of the P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT composite is enhanced. Correspondingly, the piezoelectric property of the P(VDF-TrFE)/CNT composite shows a significant enhancement.
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Díez-Pascual AM, Vallés C, Mateos R, Vera-López S, Kinloch IA, Andrés MPS. Influence of surfactants of different nature and chain length on the morphology, thermal stability and sheet resistance of graphene. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6013-6023. [PMID: 29974111 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of surfactants of different nature (anionic, cationic and non-ionic) and chain length on the morphology, microstructure, thermal stability and electrical resistivity of liquid exfoliated graphene (G) were investigated. Microscopic (SEM and AFM) observations revealed that the thickness of G in the dispersions depended on the surfactant nature: non-ionic surfactants rendered the highest level of exfoliation, whilst dispersions in the cationic ones exhibited fully-covered thicker sheets; the flake thickness increased with increasing surfactant chain length. X-ray diffraction studies indicated an increased interlamellar G spacing with increasing surfactant content. Raman spectra showed an increase in the ID/IG ratio with decreasing G loading. Larger upshifts of the G, 2D and D + G bands were found with increasing surfactant concentration, particularly for dispersions in the cationic surfactants. For the same G/surfactant weight ratio, the electrical resistivity of the dispersions followed the order: cationic > non-ionic > anionic, consistent with the amount of surfactant adsorbed onto G calculated via TGA. It is demonstrated herein that the thermal and electrical properties of liquid exfoliated G can be tuned by varying the surfactant concentration, nature and chain length, which is of great importance for numerous applications like solar power harvesting, high-temperature devices and flexible nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Sciences, Alcalá University, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Niezabitowska E, Smith J, Prestly MR, Akhtar R, von Aulock FW, Lavallée Y, Ali-Boucetta H, McDonald TO. Facile production of nanocomposites of carbon nanotubes and polycaprolactone with high aspect ratios with potential applications in drug delivery. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16444-16454. [PMID: 30009019 PMCID: PMC6003547 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13553j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The geometries and surface properties of nanocarriers greatly influence the interaction between nanomaterials and living cells. In this work we combine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) to produce non-spherical nanocomposites with high aspect ratios by using a facile emulsion solvent evaporation method. Particles were characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4). Different sizes and morphologies of nanoparticles were produced depending on the concentration of the sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), CNTs and PCL. Rod-like PCL-CNT nanostructures with low polydispersity were obtained with 1.5 mg mL-1 of SDS, 0.9 mg mL-1 of CNTs and 10 mg mL-1 PCL. AFM analysis revealed that the PCL and PCL-CNT nanocomposite had comparatively similar moduli of 770 and 560 MPa respectively, indicating that all the CNTs have been coated with at least 2 nm of PCL. Thermogravimetric analysis of the PCL-CNT nanocomposite indicated that they contained 9.6% CNTs by mass. The asymmetric flow field flow fractionation of the samples revealed that the PCL-CNT had larger hydrodynamic diameters than PCL alone. Finally, the drug loading properties of the nanocomposites were assessed using docetaxel as the active substance. The nanocomposites showed comparable entrapment efficiencies of docetaxel (89%) to the CNTs alone (95%) and the PCL nanoparticles alone (81%). This is a facile method for obtaining non-spherical nanocomposites that combines the properties of PCL and CNTs such as the high aspect ratio, modulus. The high drug entrapment efficiency of these nanocomposites may have promising applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Niezabitowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Jessica Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Mark R Prestly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - Felix W von Aulock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Yan Lavallée
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - Hanene Ali-Boucetta
- The School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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15
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16
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Chafidz A, Rengga WDP, Khan R, Kaavessina M, Almutlaq AM, Almasry WA, Ajbar A. Polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: Nanoindentation, dynamic mechanical, and electrical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Chafidz
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universitas Islam Indonesia; Yogyakarta 55584 Indonesia
| | - Wara Dyah Pita Rengga
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universitas Negeri Semarang; Semarang 50229 Indonesia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Saud University; P.O. Box 800 Riyadh Saudi Arabia 11421
| | - Mujtahid Kaavessina
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Universitas Sebelas Maret; Surakarta 57126 Indonesia
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almutlaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Saud University; P.O. Box 800 Riyadh Saudi Arabia 11421
| | - Waheed A. Almasry
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Saud University; P.O. Box 800 Riyadh Saudi Arabia 11421
| | - Abdelhamid Ajbar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; King Saud University; P.O. Box 800 Riyadh Saudi Arabia 11421
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17
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Cazan C, Cosnita M, Duta A. Effect of PET functionalization in composites of rubber–PET–HDPE type. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Tang C, Chen N, Hu X. Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. SPRINGER SERIES ON POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46458-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Wang PH, Ghoshal S, Gulgunje P, Verghese N, Kumar S. Polypropylene nanocomposites with polymer coated multiwall carbon nanotubes. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Singhal P, Rattan S. Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation as a Tool for Homogeneous Dispersion of Nanographite Platelets within the Polymer Matrices: Toward Tailoring the Properties of PEDOT:PSS/Nanographite Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3403-13. [PMID: 26982328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Performance of the polymer nanocomposites is dependent to a great extent on efficient and homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in polymeric matrices. The dispersion of nanographite platelets (NGPs) in polymer matrix is a great challenge because of the inherent inert nature of the NGPs, poor wettability toward polymer matrices, and easy agglomeration due to van der Waals interactions. In the present study, attempts have been made to use a new approach involving the irradiation of polymer nanocomposites through swift heavy ion (SHI) to homogeneously disperse the NGPs within the polymer matrices. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS)/nanographite nanocomposite (NC) films prepared by the solution blending method were irradiated with SHI (Ni ion beam, 80 MeV) at a fluence range of 1 × 10(10) to 1 × 10(12) ions/cm(2). XRD studies revealed that ion irradiation results in delamination and better dispersion of NGPs in the irradiated nanocomposite films compared to unirradiated films, which is also depicted through SEM, AFM, TEM, and Raman studies. In the irradiated polymer nanocomposite films, the conformation of PEDOT chains changes from coiled to extended coiled structure, which, along with homogeneously dispersed NGPs in irradiated NCs, shows an excellent synergistic effect facilitating charge transport. The remarkable improvement in conductivity from 1.9 × 10(-2) in unirradiated NCs to 0.45 S/cm in irradiated NCs is observed with marked improvement in sensing the response toward nitroaromatic vapors at room temperature. The temperature induced conductivity studies have been carried out for PEDOT PSS/nanographite NCs to comprehend the charge transport mechanism in NC films using the 3D Mott variable range hopping model also. The study reveals SHI as a novel method, addressing the challenge associated with the dispersion of NGPs within the polymer matrix for their enhanced performance toward various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singhal
- Directorate of Innovation and Technology Transfer, Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Sec-125, Noida, India
| | - Sunita Rattan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Sec-125, Noida, India
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21
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Dispersion of carbon nanotubes into polyethylene by an additive assisted one-step melt mixing approach. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Mazumdar P, Rattan S, Mukherjee M. Polymer nanocomposites using click chemistry: novel materials for hydrogen peroxide vapor sensors. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10952c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of nano graphite platelets with polystyrene through click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mazumdar
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences
- Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - Sunita Rattan
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences
- Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies
- Amity University
- Noida
- India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology
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23
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Sefadi SJ, Luyt AS, Pionteck J. Effect of surfactant on EG dispersion in EVA and thermal and mechanical properties of the system. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shale J. Sefadi
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus); Private Bag X13 Phuthaditjhaba 9866 South Africa
| | - Adriaan S. Luyt
- Department of Chemistry; University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus); Private Bag X13 Phuthaditjhaba 9866 South Africa
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Polymer Reactions and Blends; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
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24
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Deng H, Lin L, Ji M, Zhang S, Yang M, Fu Q. Progress on the morphological control of conductive network in conductive polymer composites and the use as electroactive multifunctional materials. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Wang CF, Kuo SW, Lin CH, Chen HG, Liao CS, Hung PR. Benzoxazine as a reactive noncovalent dispersant for carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzoxazines can be used as a reactive noncovalent dispersant for carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The benzoxazine coatings improved the compatibility of the CNTs with various organic solvents and retained their reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- I-Shou University
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Guang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- I-Shou University
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Siang Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- I-Shou University
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rung Hung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- I-Shou University
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Preparation and characterization of carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-012-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Pan H, Zhang Y, Hang Y, Shao H, Hu X, Xu Y, Feng C. Significantly reinforced composite fibers electrospun from silk fibroin/carbon nanotube aqueous solutions. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2859-67. [PMID: 22881188 DOI: 10.1021/bm300877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcomposite fibers of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were successfully prepared by an electrospinning process from aqueous solutions. A quiescent blended solution and a three-dimensional Raman image of the composite fibers showed that functionalized MWNTs (F-MWNTs) were well dispersed in the solutions and the RSF fibers, respectively. Raman spectra and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of RSF/F-MWNT electrospun fibers indicated that the composite fibers had higher β-sheet content and crystallinity than the pure RSF electrospun fibers, respectively. The mechanical properties of the RSF electrospun fibers were improved drastically by incorporating F-MWNTs. Compared with the pure RSF electrospun fibers, the composite fibers with 1.0 wt % F-MWNTs exhibited a 2.8-fold increase in breaking strength, a 4.4-fold increase in Young's modulus, and a 2.1-fold increase in breaking energy. Cytotoxicity test preliminarily demonstrated that the electrospun fiber mats have good biocompatibility for tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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Abstract
Research on mixed matrix membranes in which nanoparticles are used to enhance the membrane's performance in terms of flux, separation, and fouling resistance has boomed in the last years. This review probes on the specific features and benefits of one specific type of nanoparticles with a well-defined cylindrical structure, known as nanotubes. Nanotube structures for potential use in membranes are reviewed. These comprise mainly single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), but also other structures and materials, which are less studied for membrane applications, can be used. Important issues related to polymer-nanotube interactions such as dispersion and alignment are outlined, and a categorization is made of the resultant membranes. Applications are reviewed in four different areas, that is, gas separation, water filtration, drug delivery, and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Van der Bruggen
- Laboratory for Applied Physical Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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