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Vidakis N, Petousis M, Michailidis N, Mountakis N, Argyros A, Spiridaki M, Moutsopoulou A, Papadakis V, Charitidis C. High-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Black Composites in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: Conductivity, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Responses. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4717. [PMID: 38139968 PMCID: PMC10747577 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density polyethylene polymer (HDPE) and carbon black (CB) were utilized to create HDPE/CB composites with different filler concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 16.0, 20.0, and 24.0 wt.%). The composites were extruded into filaments, which were then utilized to fabricate 3D-printed specimens with the material extrusion (MEX) method, suitable for a variety of standard mechanical tests. The electrical conductivity was investigated. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were carried out for all the HDPE/CB composites and pure HDPE. Scanning electron microscopy in different magnifications was performed on the specimens' fracture and side surfaces to investigate the morphological characteristics. Rheological tests and Raman spectroscopy were also performed. Eleven different tests in total were performed to fully characterize the composites and reveal connections between their various properties. HDPE/CB 20.0 wt.% showed the greatest reinforcement results in relation to pure HDPE. Such composites are novel in the MEX 3D printing method. The addition of the CB filler greatly enhanced the performance of the popular HDPE polymer, expanding its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Michailidis
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B’, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Apostolos Argyros
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B’, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mariza Spiridaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, N. Plastira 100m, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Costas Charitidis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering NTUA, National Technical University, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
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Liang JZ. Voltage–current characteristics of high-density polyethylene conductive composites. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1574764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhao Liang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Liang JZ, Yang QQ. Effects of carbon black content and size on conductive properties of filled high-density polyethylene composites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhao Liang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Quan-Quan Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- CYG Wayon Circuit Protection Co., Ltd.; Shanghai China
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