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Wang J, Zhang C, Deng Y, Zhang P. A Review of Research on the Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4586. [PMID: 36365580 PMCID: PMC9654075 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the main factors affecting the properties of polyurethane foams, and there are large differences in the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures. To understand the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of polyurethane foams in extreme environments, this paper systematically describes the research on the effect of mold temperature, raw material temperature, and environmental temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams in the formation and service stages of rigid polyurethane foams by domestic and foreign scholars, and summarizes the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and the mechanism of action. A review of the literature shows that the effect of different temperatures on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams can be summarized. The literature review shows that there are certain changes in the foaming process, pore structure, and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures, and the increase in temperature generally leads to the increase in pore size, decrease in density, and decrease in mechanical properties of polyurethane foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Stančin H, Růžičková J, Mikulčić H, Raclavská H, Kucbel M, Wang X, Duić N. Experimental analysis of waste polyurethane from household appliances and its utilization possibilities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:105-115. [PMID: 31082753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane has a good insulation characteristic, and it is widely used as an insulation and lining material for refrigerators. Nevertheless, at the end of a product's lifetime, serious problems arise related to waste management. Recently, energy recovery has been marked as a promising solution, especially, waste-to-energy applications. To find an appropriate application for such waste, a thermal analysis was performed. An experimental analysis of polyurethane (PU) waste material was performed by the method of pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (Py-GC/MS) at various pyrolytic temperatures, namely, at 500, 600 and 700 °C. Waste polyurethane foam was conducted to investigations in the form of a bulk sample and sorted grain-size samples with a goal to detect the chemical composition of the pyrolysate. The investigation revealed various groups of organic compounds such as heterocyclic compounds of nitrogen and simple and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, while notable concentrations of compounds containing chlorine were detected as well. The experimental analysis found differences in the composition of amines and other compounds and in the dependence on grain size composition. Bulk samples produced the highest concentration of amines (˃ 40%) at a temperature of 500 °C. The sample homogenization led to a significant increase in amines production. Polyurethane waste of grain size from 0.125 to 0.25 mm contained approximately 80% amines. The pyrolysis of the bulk sample at 600 °C yielded only 24% nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, while from the sorted grain-size <0.045 mm and 0.045-0.063 mm, yields were increased to 47.4 and 45.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Stančin
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jana Růžičková
- ENET CENTRE VSB-Technical University Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Hrvoje Mikulčić
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Helena Raclavská
- ENET CENTRE VSB-Technical University Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Kucbel
- ENET CENTRE VSB-Technical University Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Xuebin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Neven Duić
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Magnago RF, Müller ND, Martins M, Silva HRT, Egert P, Silva L. Investigating the influence of conduit residues on polyurethane plates. POLIMEROS 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.05616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paola Egert
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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