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Chen Z, Fang P, Zou X, Shi Z, Zhang J, Sun Z, Guo S, Yan F. Interlayer Polymerization to Construct a Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework as a Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401880. [PMID: 38678520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a multilayer skeleton with a periodic π-conjugated molecular array, which can facilitate charge carrier transport within a COF layer. However, the lack of an effective charge carrier transmission pathway between 2D COF layers greatly limits their applications in electrocatalysis. Herein, by employing a side-chain polymerization strategy to form polythiophene along the nanochannels, a conjugated bridge is constructed between the COF layers. The as-synthesized fully conjugated COF (PTh-COF) exhibits high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with narrowed energy band gaps. Correspondingly, PTh-COF is tested as a metal-free cathode catalyst for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) which showed a maximum power density of 176 mW cm-2 under a current density of 533 mA cm-2. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that interlayer conjugated polythiophene optimizes the electron cloud distribution, which therefore enhances the ORR performance. This work not only provides new insight into the construction of a fully conjugated covalent organic framework but also promotes the development of new metal-free ORR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengda Fang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiuyang Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, No.111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Promoting electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction to ethylene on copper-polypyrrole interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 600:847-853. [PMID: 34051469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The renewable energy-powered electroreduction of carbon dioxide or monoxide (CO) has been emerging as an attractive means to decarbonize the emission-intensive chemical manufacturing, which heavily relies on fossil fuels nowadays. One potential approach to promote the activity of electrocatalysts is to construct hybrid interface that can increase the stability of intermediates on electrode surfaces. Herein we developed a copper nanoparticle/polypyrrole (Cu-Ppy) nanowire composite as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrochemical CO reduction reaction. Compared to pure Cu nanoparticles, the Cu-Ppy composite exhibited a dramatically enhanced Faradaic efficiency of converting CO to ethylene (C2H4) from 34% to 69% at -0.78 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in KOH electrolyte, and an excellent C2H4 partial current density of 276 mA·cm-2 at -1.18 V vs. RHE. Density functional theory calculations showed that the Cu-Ppy composite could bind CO more strongly as compared to pure Cu. As the Ppy coating allowed to stabilize OCCO*, a key intermediate in the C2H4 formation, both the activity and selectivity of Cu-Ppy for CO-to-C2H4 were increased. Our work suggests that constructing rationally designed hybrid interface can tune the local environment of catalyst surface toward enhanced activity and product selectivity.
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Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang TC, Xiang G, Wang X, Yuan S. One-Pot Synthesis of a Magnetic TiO2/PTh/γ-Fe2O3 Heterojunction Nanocomposite for Removing Trace Arsenite via Simultaneous Photocatalytic Oxidation and Adsorption. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Low-Carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tian C. Zhang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska 68182-0178, United States
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Low-Carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaojun Yuan
- Low-Carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Jang HJ, Park CS, Jung EY, Bae GT, Shin BJ, Tae HS. Synthesis and Properties of Thiophene and Aniline Copolymer Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets Copolymerization Technique. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102225. [PMID: 32998239 PMCID: PMC7600435 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the properties of thiophene and aniline copolymer (TAC) films deposited by using atmospheric pressure plasma jets copolymerization technique relative to various blending ratios of aniline and thiophene monomer for synthesizing the donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy are utilized to measure the surface morphology, roughness and film thickness of TAC films. Structural and chemical properties of TAC films are investigated by Fourier transforms-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. FE-SEM images show that the film thickness and nanoparticles size of the TAC films increase with an addition thiophene monomer in the aniline monomer. FE-SEM, FT-IR results show that TAC films are successfully synthesized on glass substrates in all cases. The iodine doped TAC film on the Si substrate with interdigitated electrodes shows the lowest electrical resistance at blending condition of thiophene of 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jun Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Choon-Sang Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Eun Young Jung
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Gyu Tae Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
| | - Bhum Jae Shin
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.); (G.T.B.)
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-6563
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Synthesis of polythiophene nanoparticles by surfactant-free chemical oxidative polymerization method: Characterization, in vitro biomineralization, and cytotoxicity evaluation. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis of soluble poly(azomethine)s containing thiophene and their fluorescence quantum yields. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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German N, Popov A, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Enzymatic Formation of Polyaniline, Polypyrrole, and Polythiophene Nanoparticles with Embedded Glucose Oxidase. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050806. [PMID: 31137827 PMCID: PMC6566775 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (Ppy), and polythiophene (PTh) composite nanoparticles with embedded glucose oxidase (GOx) were formed by enzymatic polymerization of corresponding monomers (aniline, pyrrole, and thiophene). The influence of monomers concentration, the pH of solution, and the ratio of enzyme/substrate on the formation of PANI/GOx, Ppy/GOx, and PTh/GOx composite nanoparticles were spectrophotometrically investigated. The highest formation rate of PANI-, Ppy-, and PTh-based nanoparticles with embedded GOx was observed in the sodium acetate buffer solution, pH 6.0. The increase of optical absorbance at λmax = 440 nm, λmax = 460 nm, and λmax = 450 nm was exploited for the monitoring of PANI/GOx, Ppy/GOx and PTh/GOx formation, respectively. It was determined that the highest polymerization rate of PANI/GOx, Ppy/GOx, and PTh/GOx composite nanoparticles was achieved in solution containing 0.75 mg mL−1 of GOx and 0.05 mol L−1 of glucose. The influence of the enzymatic polymerization duration on the formation of PANI/GOx and Ppy/GOx composite nanoparticles was spectrophotometrically investigated. The most optimal duration for the enzymatic synthesis of PANI/GOx and Ppy/GOx composite nanoparticles was in the range of 48–96 h. It was determined that the diameter of formed PANI/GOx and Ppy/GOx composite nanoparticles depends on the duration of polymerization using dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), and it was in the range of 41–167 nm and 65–122 nm, when polymerization lasted from 16 to 120 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija German
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Anton Popov
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Division of Materials Science and Electronics, State Scientific Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių ave. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Kadac K, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Nowaczyk J. Polythiophene with ionophore substituent in the side chain. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Kadac
- Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Gagarina St. 7 Toruń 87-100 Poland
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Gagarina St. 7 Toruń 87-100 Poland
| | - Jacek Nowaczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Gagarina St. 7 Toruń 87-100 Poland
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Hai TAP, Sugimoto R. Synthesis and characterization of copolymers composed of 3-hexylthiophene and fluorene via chemical oxidation with FeCl3. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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