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Priya AK, Muruganandam M, Suresh S. Bio-derived carbon-based materials for sustainable environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142731. [PMID: 38950744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Biosynthesized nanocomposites, particularly those incorporating carbon-based materials, exhibit exceptional tunability and multifunctionality, surpassing the capabilities of conventional materials in these aspects. Developing practical solutions is critical to address environmental toxins from pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, pesticides, and dyes. Biomass waste is a readily available carbon source, which emerges as a promising material for producing biochar due to its inherent advantages: abundance, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature. This distribution mainly uses carbon-based materials (CBMs) and biomass waste in wastewater treatment. This review paper investigates several CBM types, including carbon aerogels, nanotubes, graphene, and activated carbon. The development of bio-derived carbon-based nanomaterials are discussed, along with the properties and composition of carbon materials derived from biomass waste and various cycles, such as photodegradation, adsorption, and high-level oxidation processes for natural remediation. In conclusion, this review examines the challenges associated with biochar utilization, including cost, recovery, and practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Priya
- Project Prioritization, Monitoring & Evaluation, and Knowledge Management Unit, ICAR Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC), Dehradun, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Muruganandam
- Project Prioritization, Monitoring & Evaluation, and Knowledge Management Unit, ICAR Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ICAR-IISWC), Dehradun, India
| | - Sagadevan Suresh
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
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2
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Wannid P, Hararak B, Padee S, Klinsukhon W, Suwannamek N, Raita M, Champreda V, Prahsarn C. Fiber Melt Spinning and Thermo-Stabilization of Para-Rubber Wood Lignin: An Approach for Fully Biomass Precursor Preparation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33891-33903. [PMID: 37744868 PMCID: PMC10515410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Para-rubber wood (PRW) lignin, extracted from agricultural waste, was successfully melt-spun to fibers and thermo-stabilized without employing auxiliary additives. 31P NMR analysis revealed that PRW-lignin contained mainly a syringyl unit of phenolic C5-substituted OH group, which enabled melt flow during fiber spinning, as well as a guaiacyl unit which offered the ability to cross-link during thermo-stabilization. Thermo-stabilized fibers with no fusion were achieved at 250 °C with the heating rate of 0.1 °C/min. Structural changes in the fibers during stabilization were systematically investigated using FTIR and XPS analyses. From the results, changes in the intensities of characteristic bands relating to C-H stretching, aromatic C-H stretching, and C=O stretching indicated structural changes of lignin toward aromaticity via oxidation reactions. XPS analysis of the fibers carbonized at 900, 1000, and 1200 °C revealed an increase in carbon content from 72 to 87 wt %. and a decrease in oxygen content from 28 to 13 wt %. with the increasing carbonization temperature. The weight loss of carbonized fibers was in the range of 73.6 to 88.7%. The high weight loss of fibers carbonized at 1200 °C was explained partly due to the thermal decomposition of disordered carbon. The tensile strength and modulus of carbonized fibers were 163.0 and 275.1 MPa, respectively. This study demonstrates an approach to prepare a fully biomass precursor fiber and contributes to the exploration of the potential use of lignin from biomass waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapudsorn Wannid
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bongkot Hararak
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirada Padee
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wattana Klinsukhon
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Natthaphop Suwannamek
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Marisa Raita
- National
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency
(NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- National
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency
(NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chureerat Prahsarn
- National
Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 114 Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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3
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Hararak B, Khan I, Fernando GF. Single-Solvent Fractionation and Electro-Spinning Neat Softwood Kraft Lignin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3153-3165. [PMID: 37523247 PMCID: PMC10445268 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the production of electro-spun nanofibers from softwood Kraft lignin without the need for polymer blending and/or chemical modification. Commercially available softwood Kraft lignin was fractionated using acetone. The acetone-soluble lignin (AcSL) had an ash content of 0.06 wt %, a weight average molecular weight of 4250 g·mol-1 along with the polydispersity index of 1.73. The corresponding values for as-received lignin (ARL) were 1.20 wt %, 6000 g·mol-1, and 2.22, respectively. The AcS was dissolved in a binary solvent consisting of acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (2:1, v/v) was selected for dissolving the AcSL. Conventional and custom-designed grounded electrode configurations were used to produce electro-spun neat lignin fibers that were randomly oriented or highly aligned, respectively. The diameter of the electro-spun fibers ranged from 1.12 to 1.46 μm. After vacuum drying at 140 °C for 6 h to remove the solvents and oxidation at 250 °C, the fibers were carbonized at 1000, 1200, and 1500 °C for 1 h. The carbonized fibers were unfused and void-free with an average diameter of 500 nm. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and image analysis were used to characterize the carbonized fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkot Hararak
- Sensors and Composites Group,
School of Metallurgy and Materials, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Inam Khan
- Sensors and Composites Group,
School of Metallurgy and Materials, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Gerard F. Fernando
- Sensors and Composites Group,
School of Metallurgy and Materials, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
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4
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Vinod A, Pulikkalparambil H, Jagadeesh P, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S. Recent advancements in lignocellulose biomass-based carbon fiber: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13614. [PMID: 37101468 PMCID: PMC10123159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing need to reduce the global carbon footprint has prompted all sectors to make significant efforts in this direction. For example, there has been much focus on green carbon fiber sustainability. For example, it was found that the polyaromatic heteropolymer lignin might act as an intermediary in synthesising carbon fiber. Biomass is seen as a potential carbon accommodated solid natural sources that protects the nature and has a big overall supply and widespread distribution. With growing environmental concern in recent years, biomass has gained appeal as a raw material for production of carbon fibers. Especially, the positives of lignin material include its reasonable budget, sustainability, and higher carbon content, which makes it a dominating precursor. This review has examined a variety of bio precursors that help produce lignin and have higher lignin concentrations. In addition, there has been much research on plant sources, lignin types, factors affecting carbon fiber synthesis, spinning methods, stabilization, carbonization, and activation the characterisation techniques used for the lignin carbon fiber to comprehend the structure and features. In addition, an overview of the applications that use lignin carbon fiber has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Vinod
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Praveenkumara Jagadeesh
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
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5
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Jia G, Innocent MT, Yu Y, Hu Z, Wang X, Xiang H, Zhu M. Lignin-based carbon fibers: Insight into structural evolution from lignin pretreatment, fiber forming, to pre-oxidation and carbonization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:646-659. [PMID: 36521701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin remains the second abundant source of renewable carbon with an aromatic structure. However, most of the lignin is burnt directly for power generation, with an effective utilization rate of <2 %, making value addition on lignin an urgent requirement. From this perspective, preparation of lignin-based carbon fibers has been widely studied as an effective way to increase value addition on lignin. However, lignin species are diverse and complex in structure, and the pathway that enables changes in lignin structure during pretreatment, fiber formation, stabilization, and carbonization is still uncertain. In this review, we condense the common structural evolution route from the previous studies, which can serve as a guide towards engineered lignin carbon fibers with high performance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mugaanire Tendo Innocent
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xuefen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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6
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Recent advances in lignin-based carbon materials and their applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:980-1014. [PMID: 36375669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, tens of million of tons of lignin produced in paper-making or biorefinery industry are used as fuel annually, which is a low-value utilization. Moreover, burning lignin results in large amounts of carbon dioxide and pollutants in the air. The potential of lignin is far from being fully exploited and the search for high value-added application of lignin is highly pursued. Because of the high carbon content of lignin, converting lignin into advanced carbon-based structural or functional materials is regarded as one of the most promising solutions for both environmental protection and utilization of renewable resources. Significant progresses in lignin-based carbon materials (LCMs) including porous carbon, activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon aerogel, nanostructured carbon, etc., for various valued applications have been witnessed in recent years. Here, this review summarized the recent advances in LCMs from the perspectives of preparation, structure, and applications. In particular, this review attempts to figure out the intrinsic relationship between the structure and functionalities of LCMs from their recent applications. Hopefully, some thoughts and discussions on the structure-property relationship of LCMs can inspire researchers to stride over the present barriers in the preparation and applications of LCMs.
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7
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Pan W, Lin J. Efficient centrifugal spinning of soda lignin for the production of activated carbon nanofibers with highly porous structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1433-1442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Wu CW, Li PH, Wei YM, Yang C, Wu WJ. Review on the preparation and application of lignin-based carbon aerogels. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10755-10765. [PMID: 35424986 PMCID: PMC8988173 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon aerogels (CAs) are excellent carrier materials with a large surface area and high porosity. In addition to the above-mentioned wonderful characteristics, aerogel with lignin as a precursor is also a material with high bioactivity and degradability. Lignin carbon aerogels (LCAs) have a wide range of applications, and can be used in supercapacitors, adsorbents and catalysts, etc., but their preparation process is more complex. In this paper, we review the preparation and influencing factors of LCAs, analyze their properties and structural characterization, and aim to provide references for the optimal preparation, effective characterization, and expansion of applications of LCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Wen Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Meng Wei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Chi Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
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9
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10
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Hoang AT, Nižetić S, Cheng CK, Luque R, Thomas S, Banh TL, Pham VV, Nguyen XP. Heavy metal removal by biomass-derived carbon nanotubes as a greener environmental remediation: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131959. [PMID: 34454224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of heavy metal ions found in waterways near industrial zones are often exceed the prescribed limits, posing a continued danger to the environment and public health. Therefore, greater attention has been devoted into finding the efficient solutions for adsorbing heavy metal ions. This review paper focuses on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from biomass and their application in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Techniques to produce CNTs, benefits of modification with various functional groups to enhance sorption uptake, effects of operating parameters, and adsorption mechanisms are reviewed. Adsorption occurs via physical adsorption, electrostatic interaction, surface complexation, and interaction between functional groups and heavy metal ions. Moreover, factors such as pH level, CNTs dosage, duration, temperature, ionic strength, and surface property of adsorbents have been identified as the common factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metals. The oxygenated functional groups initially present on the surface of the modified CNTs are responsible towards the adsorption enhancement of commonly-encountered heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, and Cr6+. Despite the recent advances in the application of CNTs in environmental clean-up and pollution treatment have been demonstrated, major obstacles of CNTs such as high synthesis cost, the agglomeration in the post-treated solutions and the secondary pollution from chemicals in the surface modification, should be critically addressed in the future studies for successful large-scale applications of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Sandro Nižetić
- University of Split, FESB, Rudjera Boskovica 32, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Chin Kui Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Ctra. Nnal. IV-A, Km. 396, E-14014, Cordoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Tien Long Banh
- Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Viet Pham
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Phuong Nguyen
- PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Chen J, Ghosh T, Ayranci C, Tang T. Bio‐cleaned lignin‐based carbon fiber and its application in adsorptive water treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Tanushree Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Center for Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
| | - Cagri Ayranci
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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12
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Du B, Chai L, Zhu H, Cheng J, Wang X, Chen X, Zhou J, Sun RC. Effective fractionation strategy of sugarcane bagasse lignin to fabricate quality lignin-based carbon nanofibers supercapacitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:604-617. [PMID: 34171257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is recommended to a tempting alternative precursor of petroleum for fabricating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) due to its high carbon content, low-cost and renewable resources. However, the property of lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) is inferior owing to the heterogeneity and 3D-network structure of lignin, which hinders its application in supercapacitors. The latest developments in fractionation technology have shown great potential for overcoming the aforementioned shortcomings. However, most of fractionation methods mainly rely on expensive chemicals and complex reaction process, such as enzymes, multiple solvents, membranes, and dialysis tubes. Herein, we proposed a controllable and effective strategy to fractionate lignin by only changing the ratio of ethanol/water (V/V) as mixture solvent. This gradient extraction method effectively removed the part of lignin with small molecular and branching structure, thus selectively getting the fractionated lignin with high molecular weight, narrow polydispersity index, and good linear structure. Fortunately, when the ratio of ethanol/water was 6:4, the corresponding LCNFs (LCNFs-L60) was obtained with large specific surface area, independent filamentous morphology networks and excellent electrochemical property. Its specific capacitance was up to 405.8 F/g. This way features controllable and sustainable for preparing high-quality LCNFs supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Du
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Lanfang Chai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Jinlan Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and Biomaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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13
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Jin Y, Lin J, Cheng Y, Lu C. Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3378. [PMID: 34207222 PMCID: PMC8234621 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin's spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiaxian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chunhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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14
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Tuning structure of spent coffee ground lignin by temperature fractionation to improve lignin-based carbon nanofibers mechanical performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:254-262. [PMID: 33529632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) with the lignin in spent coffee grounds (SCG) as raw material which are disposed as waste amounting to millions tons annual is benefit to promote economy and environmental protection. However, due to the heterogeneity and complex three-dimensional structure, the mechanic property is very poor. In this study, we propose a fractionating pretreatment method to overcome the above problems by regulating the structure of SCG lignin in which high-performance LCNFs were fabricated. On one hand, the linear structure of SCG lignin was optimized to fit the raw material of LCNFs by tuning the content of β-O-4 and C5-substituted condensed phenolic compounds. On the other hand, the carboxyl as the hydrophilic groups was removed so as to promote the mixing of lignin and polyacrylonitrile (PAN, blending agent) in organic solvents. Additionally, the heterogeneity was reduced by screening large molecular weight SCG lignin with low polydispersity index (PDI). Fortunately, with 1:1 mass ratio of the above fractionated lignin and PAN as substrate, the LCNFs could reach to comparable mechanic properties with those of pure PAN CNFs. This work can provide a new way to not only promote the utilization of SCG lignin but also accelerate the development of LCNFs.
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Keller RG, Di Marino D, Blindert M, Wessling M. Hydrotropic Solutions Enable Homogeneous Fenton Treatment of Lignin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Keller
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Davide Di Marino
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Malte Blindert
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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16
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Cao Q, Zhu M, Chen J, Song Y, Li Y, Zhou J. Novel Lignin-Cellulose-Based Carbon Nanofibers as High-Performance Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1210-1221. [PMID: 31845573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a simple phosphating process was proposed to modify cellulose-acetate (CA) and lignin for a novel energy storage precursor material. The prepared precursor fibers exhibited good thermal stability of lignin and flexibility of CA. Subsequently, the precursor fibers undergo a short preoxidation and carbonization treatment process to obtain the biomass-based carbon fibers (CFs) with complete fibrous morphology, uniform fiber diameter, high surface areas, good flexibility, and excellent power storage capacity. The specific capacitance of 346.6 F/g was obtained by using CFs-5 (prepared with 40% H3PO4 content) as a supercapacitor. Simultaneously, the biomass-based CF supercapacitor device delivers a high-energy density of 31.5 Wh/kg at the power density of 400 W/kg. These results indicate that the introduction of H3PO4 can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the preoxidation treatment process for the preparation of the biomass-based CFs, while increasing the energy storage properties significantly. This novel strategy showed a successful route for the preparation of high-quality and low-consumption biomass-based CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Cao
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , Liaoning , China
| | - Mengni Zhu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , Liaoning , China
| | - Jiaai Chen
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , Liaoning , China
| | - Yueyan Song
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , Liaoning , China
| | - Yao Li
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , Liaoning , China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian 116034 , Liaoning , China
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17
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Meng LY, Ma MG, Ji XX. Preparation of Lignin-Based Carbon Materials and Its Application as a Sorbent. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1111. [PMID: 30987156 PMCID: PMC6480212 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of synthetic methods on the lignin-based carbon materials. In this paper, the lignin-based activated carbon materials were comparatively researched in ZnCl₂ solution using various methods, including the microwave-assisted method, ultrasound method, and UV irradiation method, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to characterize the as-prepared samples. The effects of the synthetic parameters including the types of lignin, activated solution concentration, types of activated solution, and synthetic methods on the morphologies, thermal stability, and specific surface area of samples were comparatively investigated in detail. The specific surface area of lignin-based activated carbon increased to 473.8, 765.3, and 211.2 m²∙g-1 using the microwave-assisted method, ultrasound method, and UV irradiation method, respectively, compared with that of the control (113.4 m²∙g-1). The lignin-based carbon materials displayed the enhanced absorptive capacity, compared with that of the control. These novel synthetic methods reported here maybe have a guiding significance for the synthesis of carbon materials using the lignin as precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ming-Guo Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xing-Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased material and Green papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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18
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Shi X, Dai Z, Cao Q, Chen K, Zhou J. Stepwise fractionation extracted lignin for high strength lignin-based carbon fibers. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lignin was fractionation extracted by a SFE method to prepare high quality lignin-based carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Zhong Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi’ an University of Technology
- Xi’ an
- China
| | - Qiping Cao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
| | - Kefu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- China
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19
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Gao S, Zhao J, Wang X, Guo Y, Han Y, Zhou J. Lignin Structure and Solvent Effects on the Selective Removal of Condensed Units and Enrichment of S-Type Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E967. [PMID: 30960892 PMCID: PMC6403703 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the structural differences of lignin after pyridine⁻acetic acid⁻water (PAW) and dioxane⁻acidic water (DAW) purification processes. These structural differences included the S/G ratio, condensed structure, weight-average (MW) molecular weights, β-O-4 linkages and sugar content. The chemical structure of the isolated crude lignin (CL), PAW purified lignin (PPL) and DAW purified lignin (DPL) was elucidated using quantitative 13C NMR, 2D-HSQC NMR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the PPL fractions contain fewer condensed structures, higher S/G ratios, more β-O-4 linkages, higher average MW and lower thermal degradation properties compared to the CL and DPL fractions. Furthermore, the PAW process was more selective in removing condensed units and enriching S-type lignin from CL compared to the DAW process. These results provide valuable information for understanding which purification process is more suitable to be applied for lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Ji Zhao
- Jining Ming Sheng New Material Co., Ltd., Jinan 272100, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify the research trends related to lignin valorization from 2000 to 2016. The results from this analysis revealed an exponentially increasing number of publications and a high relevance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The simultaneous valorization of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has been revealed as a key aspect and optimal pretreatment is required for the subsequent lignin valorization. Research covers the determination of the lignin structure, isolation, and characterization; depolymerization by thermal and thermochemical methods; chemical, biochemical and biological conversion of depolymerized lignin; and lignin applications. Most methods for lignin depolymerization are focused on the selective cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage. Although many depolymerization methods have been developed, depolymerization with sodium hydroxide is the dominant process at industrial scale. Oxidative conversion of lignin is the most used method for the chemical lignin upgrading. Lignin uses can be classified according to its structure into lignin-derived aromatic compounds, lignin-derived carbon materials and lignin-derived polymeric materials. There are many advances in all approaches, but lignin-derived polymeric materials appear as a promising option.
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21
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A Review on Biopolymer-Based Fibers via Electrospinning and Solution Blowing and Their Applications. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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