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Baloyi RB, Sithole BB, Chunilall V. Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Extracted from Postconsumer Polyester/Cotton-Blended Fabrics and Their Effects on PVA Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1495. [PMID: 38891442 PMCID: PMC11174633 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilisation of cotton waste as precursors in the synthesis of nanocrystalline cellulose has gained significant attention. This approach suggests a sustainable solution to address the growing concern of textile waste accumulation while simultaneously producing a valuable material. The main aim of this study is to examine the properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained from postconsumer polyester-cotton waste and assess the effect of different fabric structures on the extraction and these properties. To acquire nanocellulose, a thorough decolourisation pretreatment process was utilised, which involved the treatment of polyester-cotton waste with sodium dithionite and hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, the postconsumer material was then treated with an acid hydrolysis method employing a 64% (v/v) sulphuric acid solution at 50 °C for 75 min, resulting in the formation of CNCs with average yield percentages ranging from 38.1% to 69.9%. Separation of the acid from the CNC was facilitated by a centrifugation process followed by dialysis against deionised water. Uniform dispersion was then achieved using ultrasonication. A variety of analytical techniques were employed to investigate the morphological, chemical, thermal, and physical properties of the isolated CNCs. Among these techniques, attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilised to analyse the CNCs. The findings indicated that the separated CNCs exhibited a rod-shaped morphology, measuring between 78 and 358 nm in length and 5 and 16 nm in diameter, and also exhibited high crystallinity (75-89%) and good thermal stability. The extracted CNCs were mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol to assess their reinforcing effect on plastic films. The prepared composite film exhibited improved mechanical properties and thermal stability. Incorporating CNCs led to a 31.9% increase in the tensile strength and a 42.33% rise in the modulus of elasticity. The results from this research proved that CNCs can be extracted from postconsumer mixed fabrics as a potential solution to effectively address the mounting concerns surrounding waste management in the textile industry and also provide avenues for enhancing the qualities of eco-friendly composite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivalani Baloyi Baloyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (B.B.S.); (V.C.)
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bruce Bishop Sithole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (B.B.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Viren Chunilall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (B.B.S.); (V.C.)
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Chen H, Wang E, Liang Y, Miao Y, Zhou Z, Ling M, Huang J, Zhang W. Influence of bio-coupling agent on interfacial interlocking compatibility and toughness of ultrafine bamboo charcoal/polylactic acid composite film. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128918. [PMID: 38134986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Applications for polylactic acid (PLA) are significantly impacted by its poor mechanical properties and lack of thermal stability. The goal of this work is to bridge the gap of poor compatibility among the components and enhance their interface interlocking capability to improve the toughness and thermal stability. Ultrafine bamboo charcoal (UFBC) was treated through deep eutectic solvent (DES) method to deposit sodium lignosulfonate (LS) on its surface. LS was used with PLA as a bio-coupling agent to create an eco-friendly PLA composite film with a wide range of characteristics. Benefiting from the penetration of PLA to the internal pores in UFBC, the resultant L-UFBC/PLA film has a good mechanical interlocking structure. Ls can increase the compatibility and strengthen the interface interlocking capability through DES method, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of the system. In comparison to pure PLA one, the elongation at break was 136.24 % greater, and the crystallinity (Xc) increased from 1.09 % to 3.33 %. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the system was also improved, and the residual at 600 °C rose by 4.83 %. These characteristics offer the prepared L-UFBC/PLA film a wide range of potential applications in the packaging, medical, agricultural, and other sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Enfu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yipeng Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yu Miao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zenan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Mengyao Ling
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jingda Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Osolnik U, Vek V, Korošec RC, Oven P, Poljanšek I. Integration of wood-based components - Cellulose nanofibrils and tannic acid - into a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix to improve functional properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128495. [PMID: 38035953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) biocomposite films reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and biologically active tannic acid (TA) were prepared. The influence of different concentrations of CNF and TA in the PVA polymer matrix was investigated in terms of mechanical properties, thermal properties and hydrophobicity improvement of the prepared films. The results showed that in all cases the addition of CNF and TA improved the values of tensile strength and elastic modulus. The PVA film with 10 % CNF exhibited a 30 % higher tensile strength, and the three-component PVA film with 2 % CNF and 10 % TA (P2C10T) exhibited a 40 % higher tensile strength compared to the neat PVA film. The thermal properties (Tg, Tonset) of the PVA biocomposite films were greatly improved, with a significant effect observed for the three-component PVA films. The Tg of the PVA film with 10 % CNF and 10 % TA was 87 °C, 12 °C higher than that of the neat PVA film. For three-component PVA biocomposites with 4 % and 6 % CNF and with all weight percentages of TA, the Tonset shifted to a higher temperature range by about 30 °C compared to the neat PVA film. The PVA film with 2 % CNF and 10 % TA exhibited about a 20° higher contact angle than the neat PVA film. Moreover, the addition of both fillers to the PVA matrix resulted in PVA biocomposites with lower water absorption. PVA film with 10 % TA absorbed about 90 % less water and PVA film with 10 % CNF and 10 % TA absorbed about 80 % less water than the neat PVA film after the films were soaked in water for one hour. The better properties of the composite films produced are due to hydrogen and ester bonds between the components of the composite, which was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Antioxidant effective films were also obtained due to the biologically active TA to the PVA and PVA/CNF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urša Osolnik
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Viljem Vek
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Romana Cerc Korošec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Primož Oven
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ida Poljanšek
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Li H, Jiang F, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Lian R. Development of seaweed-derived polysaccharide/cellulose nanocrystal-based antifogging labels loaded with alizarin for monitoring aquatic products' freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126640. [PMID: 37657568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent freshness indicator labels have attracted great interest for their massive potential in monitoring the freshness of aquatic products over the years. However, there is still a challenge where fogging on the labels during dramatic temperature changes affects the reading of freshness. At the same time, the freshness indicator labels need high mechanical strength to resist collision damage during transportation and storage. Herein, an antifogging freshness indicator label was developed based on seaweed extracts and alizarin. Firstly, soluble polysaccharides and insoluble components were extracted from Gelidium amansii, and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was further prepared from the insoluble components by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. Subsequently, a polysaccharide-based film was fabricated using soluble polysaccharides as the matrix materials and CNC as the reinforcement agent. Antifogging experiments showed that the hydrophilic composite films presented good antifogging performance. After loading with alizarin, the composite indicator label exhibited both antifogging and freshness-indicating properties for the salmon sample. The work provided a new idea for developing freshness indicator labels suitable for low-temperature transportation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Renjie Lian
- Jinghai Group Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264307, PR China
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Hwang S, Han Y, Gardner DJ. Characterization of CNC Nanoparticles Prepared via Ultrasonic-Assisted Spray Drying and Their Application in Composite Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2928. [PMID: 37999282 PMCID: PMC10674555 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonic-assisted spray dryer, also known as a nano spray dryer and predominantly used on a lab scale in the pharmaceutical and food industries, enables the production of nanometer-sized particles. In this study, the nano spray dryer was applied to cellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). CNC suspensions were successfully dried, while the CNF suspensions could not be dried, attributable to their longer fibril lengths. The nano spray drying process was performed under different drying conditions, including nebulizer hole sizes, solid concentrations, and gas flow rates. It was confirmed that the individual particle size of nano spray-dried CNCs (nano SDCNCs) decreased as the nebulizer hole sizes and solid contents of the suspensions decreased. The production rate of the nano spray dryer increased with higher solid contents and lower gas flow rates. The resulting nano SDCNCs were added to a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix as a reinforcing material to evaluate their reinforcement behavior in a plastic matrix using solvent casting. After incorporating the 20 wt.% nano SDCNCs into the PVA matrix, the tensile strength and tensile modulus elasticity of the neat PVA nanocomposite film increased by 22% and 32%, respectively, while preserving the transparency of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Hwang
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469-5793, USA;
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5755, USA
| | - Yousoo Han
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469-5793, USA;
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5755, USA
| | - Douglas J. Gardner
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469-5793, USA;
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5755, USA
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6
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Wang D, Shi Z, Yang J, Yang H. Preparation of Anti-Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNFs) from Bamboo Pulp in a Reactable Citric Acid-Choline Chloride Deep Eutectic Solvent. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010148. [PMID: 36616498 PMCID: PMC9824222 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bamboo pulp was simultaneously fibrillated and esterified in one-pot citric acid−choline chloride deep eutectic solvent treatment. The results indicated that increasing the temperature and time promoted esterification, yielding 0.19 to 0.35 mmol/g of the carboxyl group in CNFs. However, increasing the temperature and time resulted in decreases in yields and the diameter of CNFs from 84.5 to 66.6% and 12 to 4 nm, respectively. Analysis of the anti-bacterial activities of CNFs suggested that the high carboxyl group content corresponded to the effective inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Taking yield, size, carboxyl group content, and anti-bacterial activate into consideration, treatment at 120 °C for 24 h was the optimal condition, yielding 76.0% CNF with 0.31 mmol/g carboxyl groups with a diameter of 8 nm and the inhibition fof E. coli (81.7%) and S. aureus (63.1%). In addition, effect of different CNFs on characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films were investigated. The results indicated that CNF obtained from the optimal condition was a favorable additive for the composite film, which enhanced (74%) the tensile strength of composite film compared with the pure PVA film due to its considerable size and carboxyl group content. However, the composite films did not show an anti-bacterial activate as CNF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhengjun Shi
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0871-6386-2516 (H.Y.)
| | | | - Haiyan Yang
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0871-6386-2516 (H.Y.)
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7
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Properties of polyvinyl alcohol films reinforced by citric acid modified cellulose nanocrystals and silica aerogels. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Bio-Nanocomposite Based on Edible Gelatin Film as Active Packaging from Clarias gariepinus Fish Skin with the Addition of Cellulose Nanocrystalline and Nanopropolis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183738. [PMID: 36145881 PMCID: PMC9506570 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study develops bio-nano composite gelatin-based edible film (NEF) by combining nanogelatin, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and nanopropolis (NP) fillers to improve the resulting film characteristics. The NEF was characterized in terms of thickness, swelling, pH, water content, solubility, vapor and oxygen permeability, mechanical properties, heat resistance, morphology, transparency, and color. The results showed that the thickness and swelling increased significantly, whilst the pH did not significantly differ in each treatment. The water content and the water solubility also showed no significant changes with loadings of both fillers. At the same time, vapor and oxygen permeability decreased with addition of the fillers but were not significantly affected by the loading amounts. The heat resistance properties increased with the filler addition. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased for the films loaded with >3% CNC. The elongation at break showed a significant difference together with transparency and color change. The greater the CNC concentration and NP loading were, the darker the resulting transparency and the color of the NEF. Overall results show a considerable improvement in the properties of the resulting NEFs with the incorporation of CNC and NP fillers.
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Rani S, Gulati K, Raghav N, Arora S. Thermal, Mechanical and Optical Studies of Degradable Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Water Hyacinth Fiber Thin Films. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rani
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana India
- Department of Chemistry Dr. B.R.A.Govt. College Kaithal- 136027 Haryana India
| | - Kapil Gulati
- Department of Chemistry Dyal Singh College Karnal - 132001 Haryana India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana India
| | - Sanjiv Arora
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana India
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Shukla A, Maiti P. Nanomedicine and versatile therapies for cancer treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e163. [PMID: 35992969 PMCID: PMC9386439 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The higher prevalence of cancer is related to high rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. By virtue of the properties of matter at the nanoscale, nanomedicine is proven to be a powerful tool to develop innovative drug carriers with greater efficacies and fewer side effects than conventional therapies. In this review, different nanocarriers for controlled drug release and their routes of administration have been discussed in detail, especially for cancer treatment. Special emphasis has been given on the design of drug delivery vehicles for sustained release and specific application methods for targeted delivery to the affected areas. Different polymeric vehicles designed for the delivery of chemotherapeutics have been discussed, including graft copolymers, liposomes, hydrogels, dendrimers, micelles, and nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effect of dimensional properties on chemotherapy is vividly described. Another integral section of the review focuses on the modes of administration of nanomedicines and emerging therapies, such as photothermal, photodynamic, immunotherapy, chemodynamic, and gas therapy, for cancer treatment. The properties, therapeutic value, advantages, and limitations of these nanomedicines are highlighted, with a focus on their increased performance versus conventional molecular anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shukla
- School of Materials Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
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Vineeth SK, Gadhave RV, Gadekar PT. Polyvinyl alcohol–cellulose blend wood adhesive modified by citric acid and its effect on physical, thermal, mechanical and performance properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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Tanpichai S, Boonmahitthisud A, Soykeabkaew N, Ongthip L. Review of the recent developments in all-cellulose nanocomposites: Properties and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tanpichai S, Phoothong F, Boonmahitthisud A. Superabsorbent cellulose-based hydrogels cross-liked with borax. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8920. [PMID: 35618796 PMCID: PMC9134984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, has been widely attracted owing to availability, intoxicity, and biodegradability. Environmentally friendly hydrogels were successfully prepared from water hyacinth-extracted cellulose using a dissolution approach with sodium hydroxide and urea, and sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) was used to generate cross-linking between hydroxyl groups of cellulose chains. The incorporation of borax could provide the superabsorbent feature into the cellulose hydrogels. The uncross-linked cellulose hydrogels had a swelling ratio of 325%, while the swelling ratio of the cross-linked hydrogels could achieve ~ 900%. With increasing borax concentrations, gel fraction of the cross-linked hydrogels increased considerably. Borax also formed char on cellulose surfaces and generated water with direct contact with flame, resulting in flame ignition and propagation delay. Moreover, the cross-linked cellulose-based hydrogels showed antibacterial activity for gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). The superabsorbent cross-linked cellulose-based hydrogels prepared in this work could possibly be used for wound dressing, agricultural, and flame retardant coating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachok Tanpichai
- Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
- Cellulose and Bio-Based Nanomaterials Research Group, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Farin Phoothong
- Program of Petrochemical and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Green Materials for Industrial Application Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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14
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Controllable synthesis of cellulose/methylene bisacrylamide aerogels for enhanced adsorption performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Thermomechanical, antioxidant and moisture behaviour of PVA films in presence of citric acid esterified cellulose nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:617-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Tanpichai S, Witayakran S, Wootthikanokkhan J, Srimarut Y, Woraprayote W, Malila Y. Mechanical and antibacterial properties of the chitosan coated cellulose paper for packaging applications: Effects of molecular weight types and concentrations of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1510-1519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Lignin Nanoparticles on Mechanical, Antioxidant and Water Vapour Barrier Properties of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked PVA Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061364. [PMID: 32560476 PMCID: PMC7361994 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, PVA nanocomposite films containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and different amounts of lignin nanoparticles (LNP), prepared via a facile solvent cast method, were crosslinked by adding glutaraldehyde (GD). The primary objective was to investigate the effects of crosslinker and bio-based nanofillers loading on thermal, mechanical, antioxidant and water barrier behaviour of PVA nanocomposite films for active food packaging. Thermogravimetric analysis showed improved thermal stability, due to the strong interactions between LNP, CNC and PVA in the presence of GD, while Wide-angle X-ray diffraction results confirmed a negative effect on crystallinity, due to enhanced crosslinking interactions between the nanofillers and PVA matrix. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of PVA-2CNC-1LNP increased from 26 for neat PVA to 35.4 MPa, without sacrificing the ductility, which could be explained by a sacrificial hydrogen bond reinforcing mechanism induced by spherical-like LNP. UV irradiation shielding effect was detected for LNP containing PVA films, also migrating ingredients from PVA nanocomposite films induced radical scavenging activity (RSA) in the produced films in presence of LNP. Furthermore, PVA-CNC-LNP films crosslinked by GD showed marked barrier ability to water vapour.
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Aziz T, Fan H, Zhang X, Haq F, Ullah A, Ullah R, Khan FU, Iqbal M. Advance Study of Cellulose Nanocrystals Properties and Applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2020; 28:1117-1128. [DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-01674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
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Liang L, Bhagia S, Li M, Huang C, Ragauskas AJ. Cross-Linked Nanocellulosic Materials and Their Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:78-87. [PMID: 31452315 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs) have remarkable mechanical properties and contain abundant surface functional groups that can be modified or cross-linked with other materials. They have been widely used as an environment-friendly reinforcing agent in polymer composites. However, for applications that are carried out in humid environments or aqueous suspensions, hydrophilicity of NCs lower their mechanical integrity. Hence, cross-linking techniques have been investigated in recent years for preparing NC-based materials that are dimensionally stable under humid or aqueous environments and have better physicochemical properties. This Minireview examines the quickly growing field of cross-linked NC-based materials, which have many benefits including improved aqueous, structural, mechanical, and thermal stability. In addition, the potential application of cross-linked NC-based materials in adsorption of heavy metal is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Liang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Samarthya Bhagia
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Mi Li
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- UTK-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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Micro-cellulose Sheet and Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended Film for Active Packaging. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-019-00088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Santi R, Cigada A, Del Curto B, Farè S. Modulable properties of PVA/cellulose fiber composites. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800019831224. [PMID: 30819031 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019831224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Development of PVA/cellulose fiber composite material with modulable properties, obtained through the increase of reinforcement and heat treatments in order to optimize the composite in terms of mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties. METHODS: The composite was designed selecting as matrix an experimental formulation based on water-soluble, biodegradable, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), as reinforcement. Six different formulations, with increasing ratio of MCC content (from 0% to 55% w/w) in PVA, were developed and extruded by a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (TSA FSCM 21/40). Then, samples have been treated through two different thermal conditions (T1, T2) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, tensile mechanical tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and water degradation tests to investigate, respectively, the influence of MCC ratios and heat treatment on morphological, mechanical, degradation, and thermal properties. RESULTS: The PVA/MCC composite exhibited a good stress-strain behavior as well as a close correlation between MCC content on tensile, thermal, and degradation properties. The second part of the results includes the analysis of the effects that the thermal treatments (T1, T2) had on the composite. In fact, thermal treatments have allowed improving the thermal and water stability as well as a significant improvement in the considered mechanical parameters due to a possible crosslinking of the PVA matrix. CONCLUSION: The present work shows how the properties of the PVA/MCC composite can become modular with the aim of extending its range of application as a new sustainable solution in the field of consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Santi
- 1 Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Cigada
- 2 INSTM, Consorzio Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Milan, Italy.,3 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Del Curto
- 2 INSTM, Consorzio Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Milan, Italy.,3 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Farè
- 2 INSTM, Consorzio Nazionale di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Milan, Italy.,3 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Huang L, Xu H, Zhao H, Xu M, Qi M, Yi T, An S, Zhang X, Li C, Huang C, Wang S, Liu Y. Properties of thermoplastic starch films reinforced with modified cellulose nanocrystals obtained from cassava residues. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of ester-modified cellulose nanocrystals derived from cassava residues as a reinforcement to starch films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control
- Nanning 530004
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
| | - Mingzi Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
| | - Minghui Qi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
| | - Tan Yi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
| | - Shuxiang An
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
| | - Chunying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control
- Nanning 530004
- China
| | - Chongxing Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control
- Nanning 530004
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control
- Nanning 530004
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- China
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Nanocellulose Composite Biomaterials in Industry and Medicine. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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