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Luo S, Lv Z, Yang Q, Chang R, Wu J. Research Progress on Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1928. [PMID: 37514114 PMCID: PMC10386740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As drug carriers for cancer treatment, stimulus-responsive polymer nanomaterials are a major research focus. These nanocarriers respond to specific stimulus signals (e.g., pH, redox, hypoxia, enzymes, temperature, and light) to precisely control drug release, thereby improving drug uptake rates in cancer cells and reducing drug damage to normal cells. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress in the past 6 years and the mechanisms underpinning single and multiple stimulus-responsive polymer nanocarriers in tumour therapy. The advantages and disadvantages of various stimulus-responsive polymeric nanomaterials are summarised, and the future outlook is provided to provide a scientific and theoretical rationale for further research, development, and utilisation of stimulus-responsive nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicui Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiuqiong Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Renjie Chang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Farjadian F, Ghasemi S, Akbarian M, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M, Moghoofei M, Doroudian M. Physically stimulus-responsive nanoparticles for therapy and diagnosis. Front Chem 2022; 10:952675. [PMID: 36186605 PMCID: PMC9515617 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.952675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles offer numerous advantages in various fields of science, particularly in medicine. Over recent years, the use of nanoparticles in disease diagnosis and treatments has increased dramatically by the development of stimuli-responsive nano-systems, which can respond to internal or external stimuli. In the last 10 years, many preclinical studies were performed on physically triggered nano-systems to develop and optimize stable, precise, and selective therapeutic or diagnostic agents. In this regard, the systems must meet the requirements of efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and safety before clinical investigation. Several undesired aspects need to be addressed to successfully translate these physical stimuli-responsive nano-systems, as biomaterials, into clinical practice. These have to be commonly taken into account when developing physically triggered systems; thus, also applicable for nano-systems based on nanomaterials. This review focuses on physically triggered nano-systems (PTNSs), with diagnostic or therapeutic and theranostic applications. Several types of physically triggered nano-systems based on polymeric micelles and hydrogels, mesoporous silica, and magnets are reviewed and discussed in various aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Fatemeh Farjadian, , Soheila Ghasemi, , Mohammad Doroudian,
| | - Soheila Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Fatemeh Farjadian, , Soheila Ghasemi, , Mohammad Doroudian,
| | - Mohsen Akbarian
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Fatemeh Farjadian, , Soheila Ghasemi, , Mohammad Doroudian,
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Rezaei A, Rafieian F, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Release of bioactive compounds from delivery systems by stimuli-responsive approaches; triggering factors, mechanisms, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102728. [PMID: 35843031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in emerging nanocarriers and stimuli-responsive (SR) delivery systems have brought about a revolution in the food and pharmaceutical industries. SR carriers are able to release the encapsulated bioactive compounds (bioactives) upon an external trigger. The potential of releasing the loaded bioactives in site-specific is of great importance for the pharmaceutical industry and medicine that can deliver the cargo in an appropriate condition. For the food industry, release of encapsulated bioactives is considerably important in processing or storage of food products and can be used in their formulation or packaging. There are various stimuli to control the favorite release of bioactives. In this review, we will shed light on the effect of different stimuli such as temperature, humidity, pH, light, enzymatic hydrolysis, redox, and also multiple stimuli on the release of encapsulated cargo and their potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. An overview of cargo release mechanisms is also discussed. Furthermore, various alternatives to manipulate the controlled release of bioactives from carriers and the perspective of more progress in these SR carriers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Rezaei
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Rafieian
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 56199-11367, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Gharnas‐Ghamesh H, Masoumi M, Erfani‐Moghadam V. Synthesis of doxorubicin‐loaded
PBMA‐b‐POEGMA
micelles and assessment of its anticancer activity against breast cancer cells (4T1). J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Gharnas‐Ghamesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch Islamic Azad University Amol Iran
| | - Mojtaba Masoumi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ayatollah Amoli Branch Islamic Azad University Amol Iran
| | - Vahid Erfani‐Moghadam
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran
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Hershberger KK, Gauger AJ, Bronstein LM. Utilizing Stimuli Responsive Linkages to Engineer and Enhance Polymer Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Platforms. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4720-4736. [PMID: 35007022 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The devastating nature of cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the world. Chemotherapy is among the most common forms of cancer treatment but comes with a host of adverse effects caused by the therapeutic agents damaging healthy tissue and organs. To limit these side effects, scientists have been designing stimuli responsive drug delivery vessels for targeted release. This Review focuses on the incorporation of stimuli responsive linkages in targeted drug delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficiency. These platforms are primarily employed to control the distribution of anticancer agents in the body to reduce the adverse side effects caused by their toxicities. We will outline how drug delivery vessels are constructed so that exposure to select environmental and external stimuli releases the enclosed drug only at the target site. Stimuli responsive components are integrated within drug delivery vessels in the form of cross-linkers, polymers, and surface modifications. The changes, these moieties undergo upon stimuli exposure, cascade into larger scale alterations to the platforms, resulting in complete disassembly, reversible morphological variations, and enhanced cellular uptake. The ability for these modes of delivery to be initiated exclusively under stimuli exposure allows for release of toxic therapeutic agents to be confined only to the affected area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian K Hershberger
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew J Gauger
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lyudmila M Bronstein
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Indiana 47405, United States.,A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Constantinou AP, Zhang K, Somuncuoğlu B, Feng B, Georgiou TK. PEG-Based Methacrylate Tetrablock Terpolymers: How Does the Architecture Control the Gelation? Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Constantinou
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Birsen Somuncuoğlu
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Bailin Feng
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Theoni K. Georgiou
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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Jangid AK, Pooja D, Jain P, Gupta N, Ramesan S, Kulhari H. Self-assembled and pH-responsive polymeric nanomicelles impart effective delivery of paclitaxel to cancer cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13928-13939. [PMID: 35423920 PMCID: PMC8697741 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an essential component of breast cancer therapy, but it is associated with serious side effects. Herein, a pluronic F68-based pH-responsive, and self-assembled nanomicelle system was designed to improve the delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) to breast cancer cells. Two pH-responsive pluronic F68-PTX conjugates i.e. succinoyl-linked conjugate (F68-SA-PTX) and cis-aconityl-linked conjugate (F68-CAA-PTX) were designed to respond the varying pH-environment in tumour tissue. Although both the linkers showed pH-sensitivity, the F68-CAA-PTX exhibited superior pH-sensitivity over the F68-SA-PTX and achieved a more selective release of PTX from the self-assembled nanomicelles. The prepared nanomicelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmittance electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. The anticancer activity of prepared nanomicelles and pure PTX were evaluated by 2D cytotoxicity assay against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and in the real tumour environments i.e. 3D tumor spheroids of MDA-MB-231 cells. The highest cytotoxicity effect of PTX was observed with F68-CAA-PTX nanomicelles followed by F68-SA-PTX and free PTX. Further, the F68-CAA-PTX nanomicelles also induced significant apoptosis with a combination of increase in ROS generation, decrease in the depolarisation of MMP and G2/M cell cycle arrest. These observed results provide a new insight for breast cancer treatment using pluronic nanomicelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 Gujarat India
| | - Deep Pooja
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University 124 La Trobe Street 3000 Melbourne Australia
| | - Poonam Jain
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 Gujarat India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 Gujarat India
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 Gujarat India
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Song F, Wang Z, Gao W, Fu Y, Wu Q, Liu S. Novel Temperature/Reduction Dual-Stimulus Responsive Triblock Copolymer [P(MEO 2MA- co- OEGMA)- b-PLLA-SS-PLLA- b-P(MEO 2MA- co-OEGMA)] via a Combination of ROP and ATRP: Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Self-Assembled Micelles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112482. [PMID: 33114693 PMCID: PMC7694170 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel temperature/reduction dual stimulus-responsive triblock copolymers, poly [2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate-co-oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate]-b-(L-polylactic acid)-SS-b-(L-polylactic acid)-b-poly[2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate] [P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA)-b-PLLA-SS-PLLA-b-P(MEO2MA-co-OEGMA)] (SPMO), were synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide and 2,2’-dithio diethanol (SS-DOH), and random copolymerization of MEO2MA and OEGMA monomers via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology. The chemical structures and compositions of the novel copolymers were demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The molecular weights of the novel copolymers were measured by size exclusive chromatography (SEC) and proved to have a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution coefficient (ÐM ≤ 1.50). The water solubility and transmittance of the novel copolymers were tested via visual observation and UV–Vis spectroscopy, which proved the SPMO had a good hydrophilicity and suitable low critical solution temperature (LCST). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the novel polymeric micelles were determined using surface tension method and fluorescent probe technology. The particle size and morphology of the novel polymeric micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sol–gel transition behavior of the novel copolymers was studied via vial flip experiments. Finally, the hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was used to study the in vitro release behavior of the novel drug-loaded micelles. The results show that the novel polymeric micelles are expected to become a favorable drug carrier. In addition, they exhibit reductive responsiveness to the small molecule reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and temperature responsiveness with temperature changes.
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Birhan YS, Darge HF, Hanurry EY, Andrgie AT, Mekonnen TW, Chou HY, Lai JY, Tsai HC. Fabrication of Core Crosslinked Polymeric Micelles as Nanocarriers for Doxorubicin Delivery: Self-Assembly, In Situ Diselenide Metathesis and Redox-Responsive Drug Release. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E580. [PMID: 32585885 PMCID: PMC7356386 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric micelles (PMs) have been used to improve the poor aqueous solubility, slow absorption and non-selective biodistribution of chemotherapeutic agents (CAs), albeit, they suffer from disassembly and premature release of payloads in the bloodstream. To alleviate the thermodynamic instability of PMs, different core crosslinking approaches were employed. Herein, we synthesized the poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly((2-aminoethyl)diselanyl)ethyl l-aspartamide)-b-polycaprolactone (mPEG-P(LA-DSeDEA)-PCL) copolymer which self-assembled into monodispersed nanoscale, 156.57 ± 4.42 nm, core crosslinked micelles (CCMs) through visible light-induced diselenide metathesis reaction between the pendant selenocystamine moieties. The CCMs demonstrated desirable doxorubicin (DOX)-loading content (7.31%) and encapsulation efficiency (42.73%). Both blank and DOX-loaded CCMs (DOX@CCMs) established appreciable colloidal stability in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The DOX@CCMs showed redox-responsive drug releasing behavior when treated with 5 and 10 mM reduced glutathione (GSH) and 0.1% H2O2. Unlike the DOX-loaded non-crosslinked micelles (DOX@NCMs) which exhibited initial burst release, DOX@CCMs demonstrated a sustained release profile in vitro where 71.7% of the encapsulated DOX was released within 72 h. In addition, the in vitro fluorescent microscope images and flow cytometry analysis confirmed the efficient cellular internalization of DOX@CCMs. The in vitro cytotoxicity test on HaCaT, MDCK, and HeLa cell lines reiterated the cytocompatibility (≥82% cell viability) of the mPEG-P(LA-DSeDEA)-PCL copolymer and DOX@CCMs selectively inhibit the viabilities of 48.85% of HeLa cells as compared to 15.75% of HaCaT and 7.85% of MDCK cells at a maximum dose of 10 µg/mL. Overall, all these appealing attributes make CCMs desirable as nanocarriers for the delivery and controlled release of DOX in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Haile Fentahun Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Endiries Yibru Hanurry
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Abegaz Tizazu Andrgie
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Tefera Worku Mekonnen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (Y.S.B.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (A.T.A.); (T.W.M.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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Alsehli M. Polymeric nanocarriers as stimuli-responsive systems for targeted tumor (cancer) therapy: Recent advances in drug delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:255-265. [PMID: 32194326 PMCID: PMC7078546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of biodegradable polymeric materials as potential drug delivery carriers. However, bioavailability and drug release at the disease site remain uncontrollable even with the use of polymeric nanocarriers. To address this issue, successful methodologies have been developed to synthesize polymeric nanocarriers incorporated with regions exhibiting a response to stimuli such as redox potential, temperature, pH, and light. The resultant stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have shown tremendous promise in drug delivery applications, owing to their ability to enhance the bioavailability of drugs at the disease site. In such systems, drug release is controlled in response to specific stimuli, either exogenous or endogenous. This review reports recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery in cancer therapy. In particular, the synthetic methodologies investigated to date to introduce different types of stimuli-responsive elements within the biomaterials are described. The sufficient understanding of these stimuli-responsive nanocarriers will allow the development of a better drug delivery system that will allow us to solve the challenges encountered in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosa Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
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Wang J, Li D, Fan Y, Shi M, Yang Y, Wang L, Peng Y, Shen M, Shi X. Core-shell tecto dendrimers formed via host-guest supramolecular assembly as pH-responsive intelligent carriers for enhanced anticancer drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22343-22350. [PMID: 31728477 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08309j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The design of pH-sensitive supramolecular drug delivery systems for efficient antineoplastic drug delivery remains a huge challenge. Herein, we describe the development of pH-responsive core-shell tecto dendrimers (CSTDs) formed using benzimidazole (BM)-modified generation 3 (G3) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G3.NHAc-BM) as a shell and β-cyclodextrin (CD)-modified G5 PAMAM dendrimers (G5.NHAc-CD) as a core. By virtue of the host-guest recognition and pH-responsiveness of BM/β-CD assembly, the pH-sensitive supramolecular CSTDs of G5.NHAc-CD/BM-G3.NHAc were formed and adopted to encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) via hydrophobic interactions for pH-responsive drug delivery applications. The synthesis of dendrimer derivatives and the loading of the DOX were well characterized via different methods. We show that the encapsulated DOX can be released in a sustained manner with a rapid release speed under a slightly acidic pH condition (pH < 6), which is similar to acidic tumor microenvironment. The enhanced intracellular release of DOX and improved anticancer activity of the drug-loaded pH-responsive CSTDs were demonstrated and compared with the control CSTDs formed without pH-responsiveness through flow cytometry and viability assays of cancer cells. Furthermore, the pH-sensitive CSTDs also showed efficient drug penetration and growth inhibition of three-dimensional tumor spheroids owing to the faster DOX release in an acidic pH environment. The pH-sensitive G5.NHAc-CD/BM-G3.NHAc CSTDs may be employed as a valuable intelligent delivery system for various anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
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PMAA nanogel controllably releases anti-IL-1β IgY for treating allergic rhinitis. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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