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Xie X, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Hong X, Hong S, Chen G, Chen Y, Lin Y, Lu W, Fu W, Wang L. Effects of COL1A1 and SYTL2 on inflammatory cell infiltration and poor extracellular matrix remodeling of the vascular wall in thoracic aortic aneurysm. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1105-1114. [PMID: 37640670 PMCID: PMC11062686 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a fatal cardiovascular disease, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to identify and validate the diagnostic markers of TAA to provide a strong theoretical basis for developing new methods to prevent and treat this disease. METHODS Gene expression profiles of the GSE9106, GSE26155, and GSE155468 datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package in R. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), random forest, and binary logistic regression analyses were used to screen the diagnostic marker genes. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to estimate immune cell infiltration in TAA. RESULTS A total of 16 DEGs were identified. The enrichment and functional correlation analyses showed that DEGs were mainly associated with inflammatory response pathways and collagen-related diseases. Collagen type I alpha 1 chain ( COL1A1 ) and synaptotagmin like 2 ( SYTL2 ) were identified as diagnostic marker genes with a high diagnostic value for TAA. The expression of COL1A1 and SYTL2 was considerably higher in TAA vascular wall tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues, and there were significant differences in the infiltration of immune cells between TAA and normal vascular wall tissues. Additionally, COL1A1 and SYTL2 expression were associated with the infiltration of immune cells in the vascular wall tissue. Single-cell analysis showed that COL1A1 in TAA was mainly derived from fibroblasts and SYTL2 mainly from cluster of differentiation (CD)8 + T cells. In addition, single-cell analysis indicated that fibroblasts and CD8 + T cells in TAA were significantly higher than those in normal arterial wall tissue. CONCLUSIONS COL1A1 and SYTL2 may serve as diagnostic marker genes for TAA. The upregulation of SYTL2 and COL1A1 may be involved in the inflammatory infiltration of the vessel wall and poor extracellular matrix remodeling, promoting the progression of TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yulong Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Xiang Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Shichai Hong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Weifeng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Pukaluk A, Sommer G, Holzapfel GA. Multimodal experimental studies of the passive mechanical behavior of human aortas: Current approaches and future directions. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:1-12. [PMID: 38401775 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and include, among others, critical conditions of the aortic wall. Importantly, such critical conditions require effective diagnosis and treatment, which are not yet accurate enough. However, they could be significantly strengthened with predictive material models of the aortic wall. In particular, such predictive models could support surgical decisions, preoperative planning, and estimation of postoperative tissue remodeling. However, developing a predictive model requires experimental data showing both structural parameters and mechanical behavior. Such experimental data can be obtained using multimodal experiments. This review therefore discusses the current approaches to multimodal experiments. Importantly, the strength of the aortic wall is determined primarily by its passive components, i.e., mainly collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans. Therefore, this review focuses on multimodal experiments that relate the passive mechanical behavior of the human aortic wall to the structure and organization of its passive components. In particular, the multimodal experiments are classified according to the expected results. Multiple examples are provided for each experimental class and summarized with highlighted advantages and disadvantages of the method. Finally, future directions of multimodal experiments are envisioned and evaluated. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multimodal experiments are innovative approaches that have gained interest very quickly, but also recently. This review presents therefore a first clear summary of groundbreaking research in the field of multimodal experiments. The benefits and limitations of various types of multimodal experiments are thoroughly discussed, and a comprehensive overview of possible results is provided. Although this review focuses on multimodal experiments performed on human aortic tissues, the methods used and described are not limited to human aortic tissues but can be extended to other soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pukaluk
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Pukaluk A, Wolinski H, Viertler C, Regitnig P, Holzapfel GA, Sommer G. Changes in the microstructure of the human aortic adventitia under biaxial loading investigated by multi-photon microscopy. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:154-169. [PMID: 36812954 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Among the three layers of the aortic wall, the media is primarily responsible for its mechanical properties, but the adventitia prevents the aorta from overstretching and rupturing. The role of the adventitia is therefore crucial with regard to aortic wall failure, and understanding the load-induced changes in tissue microstructure is of high importance. Specifically, the focus of this study is on the changes in collagen and elastin microstructure in response to macroscopic equibiaxial loading applied to the aortic adventitia. To observe these changes, multi-photon microscopy imaging and biaxial extension tests were performed simultaneously. In particular, microscopy images were recorded at 0.02 stretch intervals. The microstructural changes of collagen fiber bundles and elastin fibers were quantified with the parameters of orientation, dispersion, diameter, and waviness. The results showed that the adventitial collagen was divided from one into two fiber families under equibiaxial loading conditions. The almost diagonal orientation of the adventitial collagen fiber bundles remained unchanged, but the dispersion was substantially reduced. No clear orientation of the adventitial elastin fibers was observed at any stretch level. The waviness of the adventitial collagen fiber bundles decreased under stretch, but the adventitial elastin fibers showed no change. These original findings highlight differences between the medial and adventitial layers and provide insight into the stretching process of the aortic wall. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To provide accurate and reliable material models, it is essential to understand the mechanical behavior of the material and its microstructure. Such understanding can be enhanced with tracking of the microstructural changes caused by mechanical loading of the tissue. This study provides therefore a unique dataset of structural parameters of the human aortic adventitia obtained under equibiaxial loading. The structural parameters describe orientation, dispersion, diameter, and waviness of collagen fiber bundles and elastin fibers. Eventually, the microstructural changes in the human aortic adventitia are compared with the microstructural changes in the human aortic media from a previous study. This comparison reveals the cutting-edge findings on the differences in the response to the loading between these two human aortic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pukaluk
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Viertler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Regitnig
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
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4
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Lu S, White JV, Nwaneshiudu I, Nwaneshiudu A, Monos DS, Solomides CC, Oleszak EL, Platsoucas CD. Human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): Evidence for an autoimmune antigen-driven disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103164. [PMID: 35926768 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) is a complex immunological disease with a strong genetic component, and one of the ten leading causes of death of individuals 55-74 years old worldwide. Strong evidence has been accumulated suggesting that AAA is an autoimmune specific antigen-driven disease. Mononuclear cells infiltrating AAA lesions comprised of T and B lymphocytes and other cells expressing early-, intermediate- and late-activation antigens, and the presence of antigen-presenting cells have been documented, demonstrating an ongoing immune response. The three components of the trimolecular complex, T-cell receptor (TCR)/peptide (antigen)/HLA have been identified in AAA, and specifically: (i) clonal expansions of T-cell clones in AAA lesions; (ii) the association of AAA with particular HLA Class I and Class II; and (iii) self or nonself putative AAA-associated antigens. IgG autoantibodies recognizing proteins present in normal aortic tissue have been reported in patients with AAA. Molecular mimicry, defined as the sharing of antigenic epitopes between microorganisms (bacteria, viruses) and self antigens, maybe is responsible for T-cell responses and antibody production in AAA. Also, the frequency and the suppressor activity of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3+ Tregs and the expression of FOXP3 transcripts and protein have been reported to be significantly impaired in AAA patients vs normal donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lu
- Mon Health Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John V White
- Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital & University of Illinois School of Medicine, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Ifeyinwa Nwaneshiudu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adaobi Nwaneshiudu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cutis Wellness Dermatology and Dermatopathology PLLC, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri S Monos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charalambos C Solomides
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emilia L Oleszak
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Chris D Platsoucas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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5
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Lu S, White JV, Judy RI, Merritt LL, Lin WL, Zhang X, Solomides C, Nwaneshiudu I, Gaughan J, Monos DS, Oleszak EL, Platsoucas CD. Clonally expanded alpha-chain T-cell receptor (TCR) transcripts are present in aneurysmal lesions of patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218990. [PMID: 31310631 PMCID: PMC6634378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening immunological disease responsible for 1 to 2% of all deaths in 65 year old or older individuals. Although mononuclear cell infiltrates have been demonstrated in AAA lesions and autoimmunity may be responsible for the initiation and account for the propagation of the disease, the information available about the pathogenesis of AAA is limited. To examine whether AAA lesions from patients with AAA contain clonally expanded α-chain TCR transcripts, we amplified by the non-palindromic adaptor-PCR (NPA-PCR)/Vα-specific PCR and/or the Vα-specific PCR these α-chain TCR transcripts. The amplified transcripts were cloned and sequenced. Substantial proportions of identical α-chain TCR transcripts were identified in AAA lesions of 4 of 5 patients, demonstrating that clonally expanded T cells are present in these AAA lesions. These results were statistically significant by the bimodal distribution. Three of 5 of these patients were typed by DNA-based HLA-typing and all three expressed DRB1 alleles containing the DRβGln70 amino acid residue that has been demonstrated to be associated with AAA. All three patients exhibited clonally expanded T cells in AAA lesions. Four of the 5 patients with AAA who exhibited clonal expansions of α-chain TCR transcripts, also exhibited clonal expansions of β-chain TCR transcripts in AAA lesions, as we have demonstrated previously (J Immunol 192:4897, 2014). αβ TCR-expressing T cells infiltrating AAA lesions contain T-cell clones which have undergone proliferation and clonal expansion in vivo in response to as yet unidentified specific antigens that may be self or nonself. These results provide additional evidence supporting the hypothesis that AAA is a specific antigen-driven T-cell autoimmune disease.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
- Antigens/genetics
- Antigens/immunology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/immunology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John V. White
- Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and University of Illinois School of Medicine, Park Ridge, IL, United States of America
| | - Raquel I. Judy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Lisa L. Merritt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Wan Lu Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Charalambos Solomides
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ifeyinwa Nwaneshiudu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John Gaughan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Dimitri S. Monos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Emilia L. Oleszak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Chris D. Platsoucas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
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6
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether vonapanitase (formerly PRT-201),
a recombinant human elastase, treatment can fragment the protein elastin in
elastic fibers and cause dilation of atherosclerotic human peripheral
arteries subjected to ex vivo balloon angioplasty. Materials and Methods: Seven patients undergoing lower limb amputation for peripheral artery disease
or who died and donated their bodies to science donated 11 tibial arteries
(5 anterior, 6 posterior) for this study. All arteries were atherosclerotic
by visual inspection. The arteries underwent ex vivo balloon angioplasty and
thereafter were cut into rings and studied on wire myographs where the rings
were stretched and tension was recorded. After treatment with vonapanitase 2
mg/mL or vehicle control, myography was repeated and the rings were then
subject to elastin content measurement using a desmosine radioimmunoassay
and elastic fiber visualization by histology. The wire myography data were
used to derive compliance, stress-strain, and incremental elastic modulus
curves. Results: Vonapanitase treatment reduced elastin (desmosine) content by 60% and
decreased elastic fiber histologic staining. Vonapanitase-treated rings
experienced less tension at any level of stretch and as a result had shifts
in the compliance and stress-strain curves relative to vehicle-treated
rings. Vonapanitase treatment did not alter the incremental elastic modulus
curve. Conclusions: Vonapanitase treatment of atherosclerotic human peripheral arteries after ex
vivo balloon angioplasty fragmented elastin in elastic fibers, decreased
tension in the rings at any level of stretch, and altered the compliance and
stress-strain curves in a manner predicting arterial dilation in vivo. Based
on this result, local treatment of balloon angioplasty sites may increase
blood vessel diameter and thereby improve the success of balloon angioplasty
in peripheral artery disease.
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Mizuta R, Taguchi T. Enhanced Sealing by Hydrophobic Modification of Alaska Pollock-Derived Gelatin-Based Surgical Sealants for the Treatment of Pulmonary Air Leaks. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mizuta
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
- Polymeric Biomaterials Group; Biomaterials Field; Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Tetsushi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
- Polymeric Biomaterials Group; Biomaterials Field; Research Center for Functional Materials; National Institute for Materials Science; 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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Chen H, Kassab GS. Microstructure-based biomechanics of coronary arteries in health and disease. J Biomech 2016; 49:2548-59. [PMID: 27086118 PMCID: PMC5028318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality and disability in developed nations. A deeper understanding of mechanical properties of coronary arteries and hence their mechanical response to stress is significant for clinical prevention and treatment. Microstructure-based models of blood vessels can provide predictions of arterial mechanical response at the macro- and micro-mechanical level for each constituent structure. Such models must be based on quantitative data of structural parameters (constituent content, orientation angle and dimension) and mechanical properties of individual adventitia and media layers of normal arteries as well as change of structural and mechanical properties of atherosclerotic arteries. The microstructural constitutive models of healthy coronary arteries consist of three major mechanical components: collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle cells, while the models of atherosclerotic arteries should account for additional constituents including intima, fibrous plaque, lipid, calcification, etc. This review surveys the literature on morphology, mechanical properties, and microstructural constitutive models of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries. It also provides an overview of current gaps in knowledge that must be filed in order to advance this important area of research for understanding initiation, progression and clinical treatment of vascular disease. Patient-specific structural models are highlighted to provide diagnosis, virtual planning of therapy and prognosis when realistic patient-specific geometries and material properties of diseased vessels can be acquired by advanced imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
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9
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Lu S, White JV, Lin WL, Zhang X, Solomides C, Evans K, Ntaoula N, Nwaneshiudu I, Gaughan J, Monos DS, Oleszak EL, Platsoucas CD. Aneurysmal lesions of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm contain clonally expanded T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4897-912. [PMID: 24752442 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease with often life-threatening consequences. This vascular disorder is responsible for 1-2% of all deaths in men aged 65 years or older. Autoimmunity may be responsible for the pathogenesis of AAA. Although it is well documented that infiltrating T cells are essentially always present in AAA lesions, little is known about their role in the initiation and/or progression of the disease. To determine whether T cells infiltrating AAA lesions contain clonally expanded populations of T cells, we amplified β-chain TCR transcripts by the nonpalindromic adaptor-PCR/Vβ-specific PCR and/or Vβ-specific PCR, followed by cloning and sequencing. We report in this article that aortic abdominal aneurysmal lesions from 8 of 10 patients with AAA contained oligoclonal populations of T cells. Multiple identical copies of β-chain TCR transcripts were identified in these patients. These clonal expansions are statistically significant. These results demonstrate that αβ TCR(+) T lymphocytes infiltrating aneurysmal lesions of patients with AAA have undergone proliferation and clonal expansion in vivo at the site of the aneurysmal lesion, in response to unidentified self- or nonself Ags. This evidence supports the hypothesis that AAA is a specific Ag-driven T cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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10
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Garcia Filho S, Martins L, Reis A, Pacheco M, Machado M. Estrutura, ultraestrutura e morfometria da aorta de paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Descreveram-se a morfologia, morfometria e ultraestrutura de segmentos das porções torácica e abdominal da aorta de quatro pacas (Cuniculus paca) adultas. Os segmentos aórticos foram analisados à microscopia de luz e à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Mensuraram-se as espessuras do complexo formado pelas túnicas íntima e média, além da túnica adventícia. Os valores referentes à espessura do complexo formado pelas túnicas íntima e média da aorta torácica cranial foram significativamente maiores (média: 702,19µm) que os valores de outros segmentos aórticos analisados (médias: 354,18µm; 243,55µm). As camadas das paredes do vaso apresentaram variações entre si quanto à estrutura e espessura, supostamente em razão de adaptação à exigência funcional.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A.C.G. Reis
- Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho
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11
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The layered structure of coronary adventitia under mechanical load. Biophys J 2012; 101:2555-62. [PMID: 22261042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical loading-deformation relation of elastin and collagen fibril bundles is fundamental to understanding the microstructural properties of tissue. Here, we use multiphoton microscopy to obtain quantitative data of elastin and collagen fiber bundles under in situ loading of coronary adventitia. Simultaneous loading-imaging experiments on unstained fresh coronary adventitia allowed morphometric measurements of collagen and elastin fibril bundles and their individual deformation. Fiber data were analyzed at five different distension loading points (circumferential stretch ratio λ(θ) = 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8) at a physiological axial stretch ratio of λ(axial) = 1.3. Four fiber geometrical parameters were used to quantify the fibers: orientation angle, waviness, width, and area fraction. The results show that elastin and collagen fibers in inner adventitia form concentric densely packed fiber sheets, and the fiber orientation angle, width, and area fraction vary transmurally. The extent of fiber deformation depends on the initial orientation angle at no-distension state (λ(θ) = 1.0 and λ(axial) = 1.3). At higher distension loading, the orientation angle and waviness of fibers decrease linearly, but the width of collagen fiber is relatively constant at λ(θ) = 1.0-1.4 and then decrease linearly for λ(θ) ≥ 1.4. A decrease of the relative dispersion (SD/mean) of collagen fiber waviness suggests a heterogeneous mechanical response to loads. This study provides fundamental microstructural data for coronary artery biomechanics and we consider it seminal for structural models.
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Sokolis DP. A passive strain-energy function for elastic and muscular arteries: correlation of material parameters with histological data. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011; 48:507-18. [PMID: 20390462 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of phenomenological and structure-motivated constitutive models have thus far been used as pseudoelastic descriptors in arterial biomechanics, but their parameters have not been explicitly correlated with histology. This study associated biaxial histological data with strain-energy function (SEF) parameters derived from uniaxial tension data of arteries from different topographical sites (carotid artery vs. thoracic aorta vs. femoral artery). A two-term SEF fitted the passive stress-strain data of healthy porcine tissue, justified by the biphasic response characterizing elastin-rich tissues. Selection of a quadratic (orthotropic) over the neo-Hookean (isotropic) term was dictated by the directional dissimilarities in low-stress mechanical response, consistent with our histological data indicating orthotropic symmetry for unstressed elastin. Use of the exponential term was dictated by mechanical dissimilarities at high stresses and variations in unstressed collagen composition and orientation. Accurate fits were attained; topographical variations and anisotropy in material parameters were accounted by respective variations in histomorphometrical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios P Sokolis
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Foundation of Biomedical Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.
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White JV, Ryjewski C, Trinidad M, Rosenblum J, Platsoucas C. Aortic aneurysm: search for the trigger. Ann Vasc Surg 2007; 21:292-5. [PMID: 17484963 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John V White
- Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and University of Illinois School of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Hybrid nanofiber scaffolds of polyurethane and poly(ethylene oxide) using dual-electrospinning for vascular tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68017-8_174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Orsi AM, Stefanini MA, Crocci AJ, Simões K, Ribeiro AACM. Some segmental features on the structure of the aortic wall of the dog. Anat Histol Embryol 2004; 33:131-4. [PMID: 15144278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structural features of segmental parts of the aorta of the dog were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The variability in the wall architecture composition and vascular thickness of the ascending (T2-3 level), thoracic (T7-8 level) and abdominal (L6-7 infrarenal level) segments of the aorta was analysed. Morphological features such as presence of intimal folds, pattern of the medial myoconnective components with segmental variations in the number of elastic lamellae, whose relative number was higher in the thoracic aorta (ascending and descending parts), compared with the abdominal aorta, and a network of connective (stromal) elements formed by elastic and collagen lamellae and fibres in the adventitia were observed. The results were discussed on a histophysiological basis, because small but significant segmental differences had been characterized in the aortic wall structure of the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Orsi
- Departamento de Anatomia do Instituto de Biociencias de Botucatu da Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP, Brazil
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White JV, Mazzacco SL. Formation and growth of aortic aneurysms induced by adventitial elastolysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996; 800:97-120. [PMID: 8958986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J V White
- Reichle Surgical Research Laboratories, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Lovich MA, Edelman ER. Tissue average binding and equilibrium distribution: an example with heparin in arterial tissues. Biophys J 1996; 70:1553-9. [PMID: 8785313 PMCID: PMC1225083 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical pharmacokinetic descriptions do not adequately predict the dynamic and complex drug deposition patterns that follow some novel delivery techniques, in part because they do not characterize binding within intact tissues in sufficient detail. In this study, the binding site density of all the potential sites, the tissue-average dissociation constant, and the fractional volume in which heparin can distribute in arterial tissues were measured by incubating tissue samples to equilibrium in solutions containing a wide range of drug concentrations. An "equilibrium distribution curve" was constructed by plotting the concentration of drug in each sample against the concentration in the corresponding bulk phase. The above constants were determined by computationally fitting this curve to a model of drug distribution within tissues. The binding site density was measured to be 4.2 microM, 2.5 microM and 2.2 nM in porcine carotid media with intact and denuded endothelium, and adventitia, respectively. The dissociation constant of heparin in these tissues was estimated to be 6.8 microM, 5.0 microM, and 8.1 nM, respectively. The fractional tissue volume of distribution was 0.61, 0.70, and 0.87, respectively. These values are consistent with known properties of the heparin-arterial tissue interaction. Thus, this technique describes the cumulative effects of binding of a compound to all of its potential binding sites, and will be essential to new detailed descriptions of drug distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lovich
- Harvard University-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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