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Pourhadi M, Zali H, Ghasemi R, Faizi M, Mojab F, Soufi Zomorrod M. Restoring Synaptic Function: How Intranasal Delivery of 3D-Cultured hUSSC Exosomes Improve Learning and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3724-3741. [PMID: 38010560 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Memory problems are often the first signs of cognitive impairment related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes (EXOs) have been studied for their therapeutic potential to improve the disease signs. While many studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of stem cells and exosomes on improving memory in different AD models, there is still insufficient data to determine how they modulate neural plasticity to enhance spatial memory and learning ability. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of exosomes derived from 3D-cultured human Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells (hUSSCs) on spatial memory and neuroplasticity markers in a sporadic rat model of AD. Using male Wistar rats induced by intracerebral ventricle injection of streptozotocin, we demonstrated that intranasal administration of hUSSC-derived exosomes could decrease Aβ accumulation and improve learning and memory in the Morris water maze test. We also observed an increase in the expression of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic molecules involved in neuronal plasticity, including NMDAR1, integrin β1, synaptophysin, pPKCα, and GAP-43, in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that intranasal administration of exosomes can ameliorate spatial learning and memory deficits in rats, at least in part, by increasing the expression of neuroplasticity proteins. These results may encourage researchers to further investigate the molecular pathways involved in memory improvement after stem cell and exosome therapy, with the goal of increasing the efficacy and safety of exosome-based treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Pourhadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Dolatshahi M, Sanjari Moghaddam H, Saberi P, Mohammadi S, Aarabi MH. Central nervous system microstructural alterations in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of diffusion Tensor imaging studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 205:110645. [PMID: 37004976 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic childhood disease with potentially persistent CNS disruptions. In this study, we aimed to systematically review diffusion tensor imaging studies in patients with T1DM to understand the microstructural effects of this entity on individuals' brains METHODS: We performed a systematic search and reviewed the studies to include the DTI studies in individuals with T1DM. The data for the relevant studies were extracted and a qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included, most of which showed reduced FA widespread in optic radiation, corona radiate, and corpus callosum, as well as other frontal, parietal, and temporal regions in the adult population, while most of the studies in the juvenile patients showed non-significant differences or a non-persistent pattern of changes. Also, reduced AD and MD in individuals with T1DM compared to controls and non-significant differences in RD were noted in the majority of studies. Microstructural alterations were associated with clinical profile, including age, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis and cognitive performance. CONCLUSION T1DM is associated with microstructural brain alterations including reduced FA, MD, and AD in widespread brain regions, especially in association with glycemic fluctuations and in adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dolatshahi
- NeuroImaging Laboratories, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Parastoo Saberi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soheil Mohammadi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Cannabidiol modulates contextual fear memory consolidation in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36805056 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In view of the neuroprotective characteristic of cannabidiol (CBD) and its beneficial action on aversive memory in non-diabetic animals, we aimed to investigate in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) whether CBD treatment would be able to impair the contextual fear memory consolidation, its generalisation and whether the effect would be lasting. We also investigated the CBD effect on anxiety-like responses. METHODS After T1DM induction, animals received single or more prolonged treatment with CBD and were submitted to the contextual fear conditioning test. As expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc) protein is necessary for memory consolidation, we evaluated its expression in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). For evaluating anxiety-related responses, animals were submitted to the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), in which the time and number of entries in the open arms were used as anxiety index. RESULTS A single injection of CBD impaired the contextual fear memory consolidation and its generalisation, which was evaluated by exposing the animal in a neutral context. This single injection was able to reduce the elevated expression of Arc in the DH from these animals. Interestingly, more prolonged treatment with CBD also impaired the persistence of context-conditioned fear memory and induced an anxiolytic-like effect, as the treated group spent more time in the open arms of the EPMT. CONCLUSION CBD interferes with contextual fear memory and the dosage regimen of treatment seems to be important. Moreover, we cannot rule out the involvement of emotional aspects in these processes related to fear memory.
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Identification and Experimental Validation of Marker Genes between Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8122532. [PMID: 35996379 PMCID: PMC9391608 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are widely prevalent in the elderly population, and accumulating evidence implies a strong link between them. For example, patients with T2DM have a higher risk of developing neurocognitive disorders, including AD, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear. This time, by combining bioinformatics analysis and in vivo experimental validation, we attempted to find a common biological link between AD and T2DM. We firstly downloaded the gene expression profiling (AD: GSE122063; T2DM: GSE161355) derived from the temporal cortex. To find the associations, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the two datasets were filtered and intersected. Based on them, enrichment analysis was carried out, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms were used to identify the specific genes. After verifying in the external dataset and in the samples from the AD and type 2 diabetes animals, the shared targets of the two diseases were finally determined. Based on them, the ceRNA networks were constructed. Besides, the logistic regression and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were performed. As a result, 62 DEGs were totally identified between AD and T2DM, and the enrichment analysis indicated that they were much related to the function of synaptic vesicle and MAPK signaling pathway. Based on the evidence from external dataset and RT-qPCR, CARTPT, EPHA5, and SERPINA3 were identified as the marker genes in both diseases, and their clinical significance and biological functions were further analyzed. In conclusion, discovering and exploring the marker genes that are dysregulated in both 2 diseases could help us better comprehend the intrinsic relationship between T2DM and AD, which may inspire us to develop new strategies for facing the dilemmas of clinical or basic research in cognitive dysfunction.
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Sardar R, Hami J, Soleimani M, Joghataei MT, Shirazi R, Golab F, Namjoo Z, Zandieh Z. Maternal diabetes-induced alterations in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the developing rat hippocampus. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 114:101946. [PMID: 33745942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes during pregnancy affects the development of hippocampus in the offspring. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has received increasing attention for its role in regulating the survival and differentiation of neuronal cells in developing and adult brain. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of maternal diabetes and insulin treatment on expression and distribution pattern of BDNF in the hippocampus of neonatal rats at the first two postnatal weeks. We found no differences in hippocampal expression of BDNF between diabetics with normal control or insulin treated neonatal rats at postnatal day (P0) (P > 0.05 each). Nevertheless, there was a marked BDNF downregulation in both sides' hippocampi of male/female diabetic group in two-week-old offspring (P ≤ 0.05 each). Furthermore, the numerical density of BDNF+ cells was significantly reduced in the right/left dentate gyrus (DG) of male and female newborns born to diabetic animals at all studied postnatal days (P ≤ 0.05 each). In addition, a lower number of reactive cells have shown in the all hippocampal subareas in the diabetic pups at P14 (P ≤ 0.05 each). Our results have demonstrated that the insulin-treatment improves some of the negative impacts of diabetes on the expression of hippocampal BDNF in the newborns. We conclude that diabetes in pregnancy bilaterally disrupts the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of the both male and female newborns at early postnatal days. In addition, good glycemic control by insulin in the most cases is sufficient to prevent the alterations in expression of BDNF protein in developing hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sardar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Namjoo
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhao F, Du S, Wang Y, Li J, Yang L, Du J, Tang Y. Changes in hippocampal capillaries in transgenic type 2 diabetic mice: A stereological investigation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1071-1083. [PMID: 33015956 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been widely studied, and many structures in the hippocampus, such as neurons and synapses, have been shown to play a crucial role in the cognitive decline. However, the mechanism of these changes remains unknown. To further explore this issue, we investigated the changes in the blood supply of the hippocampus in transgenic T2DM mice. In the current study, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and unbiased stereological methods were utilized to research the effects of T2DM on hippocampal capillaries of transgenic db/db mice. Twenty (Leprdb ) mut/mut mice and twenty (Leprdb ) wt/wt mice were used in this study. The learning and memory ability was appraised by Morris water maze test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shijuan Du
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yunzi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Keshvari M, Rahmati M, Mirnasouri R, Chehelcheraghi F. Effects of endurance exercise and Urtica dioica on the functional, histological and molecular aspects of the hippocampus in STZ-Induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112801. [PMID: 32247145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many body systems and organs, including the hippocampus, are affected by diabetes, and undergo changes that may increase the risk of cognitive decline. Urtica dioica (UD) has long been recognized as a medicinal plant with beneficial effects on blood glucose control in diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance exercise (Ex), along with Urtica dioica (UD) hydro-alcoholic extract on some functional, histological, and molecular aspects of the hippocampus in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (N = 12): healthy control (H-C), diabetes control (D-C), diabetes exercise (D-Ex), diabetes Urtica dioica (D-UD), and diabetes exercise Urtica dioica (D-Ex-UD). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally by STZ (45 mg/kg) injection. Two weeks after the injection by STZ, Ex (moderate intensity/5day/week) and gavage of UD extract (50mg/kg/day) was performed for six weeks. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Morris Water Maze test, routine histological examination, and molecular studies were done via Hematoxylin & Eosin stain, and Western blot. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed spatial learning and memory deficits, as well as negatively affects to the tissue and structure of the hippocampus in the dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis (CA) areas. Ex + UD treatment caused a decrease of neural disorganization, an increase of neural-microglial density, and thickness of the pyramidal-molecular layer in the hippocampus. In addition, Ex + UD caused a rise of GAP-43 protein levels, a reduction of CAP-1 protein levels, improved hippocampal structure, and improved learning and memory function. CONCLUSIONS These results show that Ex, along with the UD extract, may decrease levels of the central neural complications of diabetes. Given the importance of recognizing non-pharmacological complementary therapies in this field, future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshvari
- Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Rahim Mirnasouri
- Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Chehelcheraghi
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Lorestan University Medical of Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Chandrasekaran K, Choi J, Arvas MI, Salimian M, Singh S, Xu S, Gullapalli RP, Kristian T, Russell JW. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113756. [PMID: 32466541 PMCID: PMC7313029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes predisposes to cognitive decline leading to dementia and is associated with decreased brain NAD+ levels. This has triggered an intense interest in boosting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels to prevent dementia. We tested if the administration of the precursor of NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), can prevent diabetes-induced memory deficits. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ). After 3 months of diabetes, hippocampal NAD+ levels were decreased (p = 0.011). In vivo localized high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the hippocampus showed an increase in the levels of glucose (p < 0.001), glutamate (p < 0.001), gamma aminobutyric acid (p = 0.018), myo-inositol (p = 0.018), and taurine (p < 0.001) and decreased levels of N-acetyl aspartate (p = 0.002) and glutathione (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in hippocampal CA1 neuronal volume (p < 0.001) and neuronal number (p < 0.001) in the Diabetic rats. Diabetic rats showed hippocampal related memory deficits. Intraperitoneal NMN (100 mg/kg) was given after induction and confirmation of diabetes and was provided on alternate days for 3 months. NMN increased brain NAD+ levels, normalized the levels of glutamate, taurine, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), and glutathione. NMN-treatment prevented the loss of CA1 neurons and rescued the memory deficits despite having no significant effect on hyperglycemic or lipidemic control. In hippocampal protein extracts from Diabetic rats, SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein levels were decreased, and acetylation of proteins increased. NMN treatment prevented the diabetes-induced decrease in both SIRT1 and PGC-1α and promoted deacetylation of proteins. Our results indicate that NMN increased brain NAD+, activated the SIRT1 pathway, preserved mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function, prevented neuronal loss, and preserved cognition in Diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Chandrasekaran
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Joungil Choi
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Muhammed Ikbal Arvas
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Mohammad Salimian
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sujal Singh
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.X.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.X.); (R.P.G.)
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James William Russell
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (K.C.); (J.C.); (M.I.A.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Germann AL, Pierce SR, Senneff TC, Burbridge AB, Steinbach JH, Akk G. Steady-state activation and modulation of the synaptic-type α1β2γ2L GABA A receptor by combinations of physiological and clinical ligands. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14230. [PMID: 31549483 PMCID: PMC6757177 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor is activated phasically by presynaptically released GABA. The receptor is considered to be inactive between synaptic events when exposed to ambient GABA because of its low resting affinity to the transmitter. We tested the hypothesis that a combination of physiological and/or clinical positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor with ambient GABA generates measurable steady-state activity. Recombinant α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and activated by combinations of low concentrations of orthosteric (GABA, taurine) and allosteric (the steroid allopregnanolone, the anesthetic propofol) agonists, in the absence and presence of the inhibitory steroid pregnenolone sulfate. Steady-state activity was analyzed using the three-state cyclic Resting-Active-Desensitized model. We estimate that the steady-state open probability of the synaptic α1β2γ2L GABAA receptor in the presence of ambient GABA (1 μmol/L), taurine (10 μmol/L), and physiological levels of allopregnanolone (0.01 μmol/L) and pregnenolone sulfate (0.1 μmol/L) is 0.008. Coapplication of a clinical concentration of propofol (1 μmol/L) increases the steady-state open probability to 0.03. Comparison of total charge transfer for phasic and tonic activity indicates that steady-state activity can contribute strongly (~20 to >99%) to integrated activity from the synaptic GABAA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Germann
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Spencer R. Pierce
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Thomas C. Senneff
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Ariel B. Burbridge
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Joe Henry Steinbach
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric ResearchWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Gustav Akk
- Department of AnesthesiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric ResearchWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
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Yan W, Zhang M, Yu Y, Yi X, Guo T, Hu H, Sun Q, Chen M, Xiong H, Chen L. Blockade of voltage-gated potassium channels ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112988. [PMID: 31254519 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) have shown beneficial effects on some neurological disorders. But their involvements in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction are still unknown. The present study aims to investigate whether the blockade of Kv channels by TEA and 4-AP alleviate cognitive decline in diabetes. In vivo, the effects of TEA and 4-AP (5 mg/kg body weight per day, 1 mg/kg body weight per day intraperitoneal injected for 4 weeks, respectively) were investigated in streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6 diabetic mice. In vitro study, we investigated the effects of TEA and 4-AP on the high glucose (HG) -stimulated primary cortical neurons. The results showed that TEA and 4-AP ameliorated the cognitive decline of diabetic mice in the Morris water maze test, improved the ultrastructure of pancreatic β cells, hippocampal neurons and synapses, decreased oxidative stress, modulated apoptosis-related proteins, and activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ Protein kinase-B (PKB or Akt) signaling pathway. In the HG-stimulated primary cultured cortical neurons, TEA and 4-AP increased the cell viability, decreased oxidative stress; prevented apoptosis and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 partially abolished the effects of TEA and 4-AP. These findings indicate that the blockade of Kv channels by TEA and 4-AP ameliorates the diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction via PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that targeting Kv channels could be a promising strategy for the treatments of cognitive impairments in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyao Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingli Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- Electron Microscopy Room, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huangui Xiong
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Erbas O, Erdogan MA, Khalilnezhad A, Gürkan FT, Yiğittürk G, Meral A, Taskiran D. Neurobehavioral effects of long‐term maternal fructose intake in rat offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 69:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oytun Erbas
- Istanbul Bilim University School of MedicineDepartment of PhysiologyIstanbulTurkey
| | | | | | | | - Gürkan Yiğittürk
- Ege University School of MedicineDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyIzmirTurkey
| | - Ayfer Meral
- Dumlupinar University School of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryKütahyaTurkey
| | - Dilek Taskiran
- Ege University School of MedicineDepartment of PhysiologyIzmirTurkey
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Napper RMA. Total Number Is Important: Using the Disector Method in Design-Based Stereology to Understand the Structure of the Rodent Brain. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:16. [PMID: 29556178 PMCID: PMC5844935 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of using design-based stereology in the collection of quantitative data, have been highlighted, in numerous publications, since the description of the disector method by Sterio (1984). This review article discusses the importance of total number derived with the disector method, as a key variable that must continue to be used to understand the rodent brain and that such data can be used to develop quantitative networks of the brain. The review article will highlight the huge impact total number has had on our understanding of the rodent brain and it will suggest that neuroscientists need to be aware of the increasing number of studies where density, not total number, is the quantitative measure used. It will emphasize that density can result in data that is misleading, most often in an unknown direction, and that we run the risk of this type of data being accepted into the collective neuroscience knowledge database. It will also suggest that design-based stereology using the disector method, can be used alongside recent developments in electron microscopy, such as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to obtain total number data very efficiently at the ultrastructural level. Throughout the article total number is discussed as a key parameter in understanding the micro-networks of the rodent brain as they can be represented as both anatomical and quantitative networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M A Napper
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Meng X, Chu G, Ye C, Tang H, Qiu P, Hu Y, Li M, Zhang C. Involvement of AMPK in regulating the degradation of MAD2B under high glucose in neuronal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1150-1158. [PMID: 27957796 PMCID: PMC5431170 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although our recent study has demonstrated that mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein (MAD2B) mediates high glucose‐induced neuronal apoptosis, the mechanisms for MAD2B degradation under hyperglycaemia have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we first found that the activation of adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was decreased in neurons, accompanied with the increased expression of MAD2B. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that activation of AMPK with its activators such as AICAR and metformin decreased the expression of MAD2B, indicating a role of AMPK in regulating the expression of MAD2B. Moreover, activation of AMPK prevented neuronal cells from high glucose‐induced injury as demonstrated by the reduced expression of cyclin B1 and percentage of apoptosis as detected by TUNEL. We further found that when total protein synthesis was suppressed by chlorhexidine, the degradation of MAD2B was slower in high glucose‐treated neurons and was mainly dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Finally, it was indicated that high glucose inhibited the ubiquitination of MAD2B, which could be reversed by activation of AMPK. Collectively, this study demonstrates that AMPK acts as a key regulator of MAD2B expression, suggesting that activation of AMPK signalling might be crucial for the treatment of high glucose‐induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangpin Chu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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