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Lima YS, de Castro Lippi IC, da Luz Scheffer J, Lunardi JS, Alvarez MVN, Kadri SM, de Oliveira Orsi R. Food contamination with fipronil alters gene expression associated with foraging in Africanized honey bees. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:52267-52278. [PMID: 39145909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Taking into consideration that bees can be contaminated by pesticides through the ingestion of contaminated floral resources, we can utilize genetic techniques to assess effects that are scarcely observed in behavioral studies. This study aimed to investigate the genetic effects of ingesting lethal and sublethal doses of the insecticide fipronil in foraging honey bees during two periods of acute exposure. Bees were exposed to fipronil through contaminated honey syrup at two dosages (LD50 = 0.19 µg/bee; LD50/100 = 0.0019 µg/bee) and for two durations (1 and 4 h). Following exposure, we measured syrup consumption per bee, analyzed the transcriptome of bee brain tissue, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), categorizing them functionally based on gene ontology (GO). The results revealed a significant genetic response in honey bees after exposure to fipronil, regardless of the dosage used. Fipronil affected various metabolic, transport, and cellular regulation pathways, as well as detoxification processes and xenobiotic substance detection. Additionally, the downregulation of several DEGs belonging to the olfactory-binding protein (OBP) family was observed, suggesting potential physiological alterations in bees that may lead to disoriented behaviors and reduced foraging efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Souza Lima
- Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Cristina de Castro Lippi
- Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaine da Luz Scheffer
- Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sartori Lunardi
- Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Samir Moura Kadri
- Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi
- Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wang Z, Yang W, Yin C, Ma W, Liao M, Li F, Zhang J. Cry9A and Vip3A protein-induced transcriptional changes correspond to their synergistic damage to the midgut of Chilo suppressalis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105596. [PMID: 37945246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cry and Vip3 proteins are both pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that show synergistic insecticidal activity against different insect pests. However, the synergistic effect of Cry and Vip3 proteins on the midgut in target insects is still unclear. In this study, faster and more serious damage was observed after treatment with both Cry9A and Vip3A proteins in the Chilo suppressalis midgut compared to single-protein treatment. Through RNA sequencing, midgut transcriptomic comparison was performed between dual- and single-protein treatments according to midgut injury. After 6 h, 609 differentially expressed genes were found with the combined Cry9A and Vip3A treatments, which was much more than that in the single treatment, corresponding to faster and more serious damage. These genes were mainly enriched in similar pathways, such as lipid metabolic, oxidation-reduction and carbohydrate metabolic process, peptide secretion and cell-cell adhesion; however, the number and expression level of differentially expressed genes are increased. For specific genes significantly regulated by induction of Cry9A and Vip3A, lipases, phospholipid scramblase, probable tape measure protein and arylsulfatase J were significantly downregulated after 6 h treatment. In addition, regular genes related to the activation and receptor binding of B. thuringiensis toxins were differentially regulated, such as ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 and serine protease. Validation with RT-qPCR showed agreement with the sequencing results. Overall, our results support that stronger and faster midgut responses at the cellular and transcriptional levels are induced by the synergistic toxicity of Cry9A and Vip3A in C. suppressalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenquan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chuanlin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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He F, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Chen G, Wang X, Cui X, Zhu T, Chen L, Yang P, Bi L, Lin T. Drought stress drives sex-specific differences in plant resistance against herbivores between male and female poplars through changes in transcriptional and metabolic profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157171. [PMID: 35809724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses adverse influence on plant growth and further alters plant-herbivore interactions. Such effect is enhanced as drought occurrence is reported to increase due to global warming. Although dioecious plant species have shown sex-specific response to drought stress through the changes in growth performance and stress tolerance, whether such changes will drive sex-specific differences in defense against herbivores between male and female plant conspecifics is barely studied. In the current study, female and male poplar full-siblings were submitted to moderate (75 % field water capacity) and severe drought (50 % field water capacity) stresses, followed by herbivore growth and feeding bioassays to test the effect of plant gender on herbivore growth and feeding performance of two specialist and two generalist leaf herbivores. The results showed that although the growth of both plant sexes was inhibited by the two drought levels, male plants performed better than female conspecifics. In the paired-choice bioassays, the specialist herbivores preferred female plants while the generalist herbivores fed more on the male plants without drought stress. Both the moderate and severe drought stresses reversed such preferences. In the triple-choice bioassays, the specialist herbivores preferred female control plants while the generalist herbivores fed more on female plants under severe drought. In addition, the specialist herbivores fed on female plants from severe drought stress grew the worst while the generalist herbivores gained the highest fresh weight. The transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed that female plant leaves contained higher levels of flavonoids than males under control condition while severe drought stress remarkably reduced the levels of defensive metabolites such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, neoflavonoids and alkaloids in female but not in male plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy College, 611231 Chongzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Xinglei Cui
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Lingfeng Bi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
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Qin S, Zhang S, Sun X, Kong Y, Hou C, Li M. Transcriptome reveal the response to Cry1Ac toxin in susceptible Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21794. [PMID: 33948968 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori as a representative in Lepidoptera is an important economic insect in agriculture production. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterial pathogen in silkworm production. Understanding how silkworm respond to Bt-toxin can provide guidance to cultivate resistant silkworm strains. Cry1Ac is one type of Bt-toxin. In current research, Dazao, a susceptible B. mori strain to Bt-toxin, was treated by Cry1Ac toxin and compared its transcriptome with untreated samples. This analysis detected 1234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology, KEGG, and UniProt keyword enrichment analysis showed that DEGs include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, stress response, cuticle, and protein synthesis, and folding process. Five ABC genes were upregulated after Cry1Ac treatment including ABCA2, ABCA3, and ABCC4. They are also known as the transporters of Bt-toxin in lepidopteran insect. Expression of cuticle proteins was significantly increased at 6 h after Cry1Ac treatment. Sex-specific storage-proteins and heat shock protein were also upregulated in Cry1Ac treated samples. Our data provide an expression profile about the response of Cry1Ac toxin in susceptible B. mori strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhui Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxiang Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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The Tripartite Interaction of Host Immunity- Bacillus thuringiensis Infection-Gut Microbiota. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080514. [PMID: 32806491 PMCID: PMC7472377 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an important cosmopolitan bacterial entomopathogen, which produces various protein toxins that have been expressed in transgenic crops. The evolved molecular interaction between the insect immune system and gut microbiota is changed during the Bt infection process. The host immune response, such as the expression of induced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), the melanization response, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), varies with different doses of Bt infection. Moreover, B. thuringiensis infection changes the abundance and structural composition of the intestinal bacteria community. The activated immune response, together with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, also has an important effect on Bt pathogenicity and insect resistance to Bt. In this review, we attempt to clarify this tripartite interaction of host immunity, Bt infection, and gut microbiota, especially the important role of key immune regulators and symbiotic bacteria in the Bt killing activity. Increasing the effectiveness of biocontrol agents by interfering with insect resistance and controlling symbiotic bacteria can be important steps for the successful application of microbial biopesticides.
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