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Ye Q, Zhou L, Jin P, Li L, Zheng S, Huang Z, Liu J, Qin S, Liu H, Zou B, Xie K. Guaiazulene Triggers ROS-Induced Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621181. [PMID: 33935713 PMCID: PMC8082441 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide, yet effective treatment remains a clinical challenge. Guaiazulene (GYZ), a cosmetic color additive, has previously been characterized as a potential antitumor agent due to observed anticancer effects. However, the efficacy of GYZ in the treatment of NSCLC and the involved molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we indicated a role for GYZ in the suppression of NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo via triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis. Concomitantly, GYZ induced complete autophagic flux in NSCLC cells via inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which displayed cytoprotective effect against GYZ-induced growth suppression. Accompanied with autophagy inhibition obviously enhanced the effects of GYZ. Notably, GYZ acts synergistically with paclitaxel in the suppression of NSCLC in vitro. Together, our results for the first time reported that GYZ suppressed the proliferation of NSCLC and suggested a potential strategy for inhibiting NSCLC growth by combinational use of GYZ and autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ye
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuwen Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Wada T, Maruyama R, Irie Y, Hashimoto M, Wakabayashi H, Okudaira N, Uesawa Y, Kagaya H, Sakagami H. In Vitro Anti-tumor Activity of Azulene Amide Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:479-486. [PMID: 29695549 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM There exist few research articles regarding the anticancer activity of azulene-related compounds. We investigated here the relative cytotoxicity of 10 azulene amide derivatives against cancer and normal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity against four human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and three human oral normal cells (gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts and pulp cells) was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide method. Antitumor activity was evaluated by tumor-specificity (TS) (ratio of mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) against normal cells to that against OSCC cell lines) and potency-selectivity expression (PSE) (ratio of TS to CC50 against tumor cells). Apoptosis-inducing activity was evaluated by cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and caspase-3 with western blot analysis. RESULTS N-Propylguaiazulenecarboxamide [1] showed the highest TS and PSE values, compared to that of doxorubicin, and induced apoptosis in two OSCC cell lines. QSAR analysis demonstrated that their tumor-specificity of azulene amide derivatives was correlated with hydrophobicity and molecular shape. CONCLUSION Compound [1] can be considered as a lead compound for manufacturing new anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Wada
- Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Irie
- Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Noriyuki Okudaira
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kagaya
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
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3
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Zhai W, Liu J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Yang D. Rapid identification and global characterization of multiple constituents from the essential oil of Cortex Dictamni based on GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2671-2681. [PMID: 28493524 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The root of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., also known as Cortex Dictamni, is a Chinese herbal medicine that has been commonly used in the treatment of inflammation, microbial infection, cancer, and other diseases in China for thousands of years. Recently, the essential oil of Cortex Dictamni has been widely studied, and a large number of volatile constituents have been discovered. However, the research of the essential oil of Cortex Dictamni in vivo remains unknown, especially the constituents absorbed into blood after oral administration. Hence, a sensitive and rapid method using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry combined with MassHunter software and the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2014 database was used to investigate the absorbed components in rat serum after oral administration of the essential oil of Cortex Dictamni. With the established method, a total of 36 compounds were screened and identified in the essential oil of Cortex Dictamni based on the mass spectrometry data and compound database. Among them, eight compounds, elemol, thymol methyl ether, β-eudesmol, β-cyclocostunolid, guaiazulene, trans-4-hydroxystilbene, ethyl oleate, and monoelaidin, were tentatively characterized in rat serum. This work demonstrated that the established method proved to be a powerful technique for rapid, simple, reliable, and automated identification of bioactive components of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Zhai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dezhu Yang
- Pharmacy School, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
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Pantelidou M, Tsiakitzis K, Rekka EA, Kourounakis PN. Biologic Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Resistance to Drugs: What Is Hidden Behind. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020307. [PMID: 28218677 PMCID: PMC6155817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can be defined as the homeostatic, nonspecific defensive response of the organism to challenges. It is expressed by morphological, biochemical, and functional changes. In this review, we present biological and oxidative stress, as well as their interrelation. In addition to the mediation in biologic stress (central nervous, immune, and hormonal systems) and oxidative stress, the effect of these phenomena on xenobiotic metabolism and drug response is also examined. It is concluded that stress decreases drug response, a result which seems to be mainly attributed to the induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. A number of mechanisms are presented. Structure-activity studies are also discussed. Vitamin E, as well as two synthetic novel compounds, seem to reduce both oxidative and biological stress and, consequently, influence drug response and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pantelidou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus.
| | - Karyofyllis Tsiakitzis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Eleni A Rekka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Panos N Kourounakis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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5
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Togar B, Turkez H, Hacimuftuoglu A, Tatar A, Geyikoglu F. Guaiazulene biochemical activity and cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on rat neuron and N2a neuroblastom cells. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:29-33. [PMID: 26401381 PMCID: PMC4566767 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20141124062203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neuroblastoma (NB)cells are often used in cancer researches such as glioblastoma cells since they have the potential of high mitotic activity, nuclear pleomorphism, and tumor necrosis. Guaiazulene (GYZ 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene)is present in several essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants. Many studies have reported the cytotoxic effect of GYZ; however, there are no studies that compare such effects between cancer cell lines and normal human cells after treatment with GYZ. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we aimed to describe in vitro antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic properties (by 3-[4,5 dimetylthiazol -2-yl]-2,5 diphenlytetrazolium bromide [MTT] test), oxidative effects (by total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and total oxidative stress [TOS] analysis)and genotoxic damage potentials (by single cell gel electrophoresis)of GYZ. RESULT The results indicated that GYZ have anti-proliferative activity suppressing the proliferation of neuron and N2a-NB cells at high doses. In addition, GYZ treatments at higher doses led to decreases of TAC levels and increases of TOS levels in neuron and N2a-NB cells. On the other hand, the mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage were not found different from the control values. CONCLUSION From this study, it is observed that GYZ has in vitro cytotoxic activity against neuron and N2a-NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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6
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Assessment of the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of sesquiterpenic compounds in in vitro Caco-2 cell models. Food Chem 2014; 156:204-11. [PMID: 24629959 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antiradical and antiproliferative effects of the sesquiterpenic compounds trans, trans-farnesol, cis-nerolidol, α-humulene and guaiazulene, commonly found in plants and plant-derived foods and beverages, were evaluated. Chemical (DPPH and hydroxyl radicals) and biological (Caco-2 cells) models were used. Guaiazulene (IC50=0.73mM) showed higher scavenger capacity against DPPH, while trans, trans-farnesol (IC50=1.81mM) and cis-nerolidol (IC50=1.48mM) were more active towards hydroxyl radicals. All compounds, with the exception of α-humulene, were able to protect Caco-2 cells from oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. As antiproliferative agents, guaiazulene and cis-nerolidol were more effective than trans, trans-farnesol and α-humulene. The results obtained for the sesquiterpenic compounds by these in vitro assays opens a perspective for their promising use as antioxidants and antiproliferative agents. However, in vivo tests should be carried out in the future to confirm their safety and effectiveness.
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7
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Vinholes J, Rudnitskaya A, Gonçalves P, Martel F, Coimbra MA, Rocha SM. Hepatoprotection of sesquiterpenoids: a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach. Food Chem 2013; 146:78-84. [PMID: 24176316 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relative hepatoprotection effect of fifteen sesquiterpenoids, commonly found in plants and plant-derived foods and beverages was assessed. Endogenous lipid peroxidation (assay A) and induced lipid peroxidation (assay B) were evaluated in liver homogenates from Wistar rats by the thiobarbituric acid reactive species test. Sesquiterpenoids with different chemical structures were tested: trans,trans-farnesol, cis-nerolidol, (-)-α-bisabolol, trans-β-farnesene, germacrene D, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, isocaryophyllene, (+)-valencene, guaiazulene, (-)-α-cedrene, (+)-aromadendrene, (-)-α-neoclovene, (-)-α-copaene, and (+)-cyclosativene. Ascorbic acid was used as a positive antioxidant control. With the exception of α-humulene, all the sesquiterpenoids under study (1mM) were effective in reducing the malonaldehyde levels in both endogenous and induced lipid peroxidation up to 35% and 70%, respectively. The 3D-QSAR models developed, relating the hepatoprotection activity with molecular properties, showed good fit (Radj(2) 0.819 and 0.972 for the assays A and B, respectively) with good prediction power (Q(2)>0.950 and SDEP<2%, for both models A and B). A network of effects associated with structural and chemical features of sesquiterpenoids such as shape, branching, symmetry, and presence of electronegative fragments, can modulate the hepatoprotective activity observed for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Vinholes
- QOPNA, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Compounds isolated from Curcuma aromatica Salisb. inhibit human P450 enzymes. J Nat Med 2011; 65:583-7. [PMID: 21287405 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma species (Zingiberaceae) are used as both food and medicine in Asia. Ten sesquiterpenes (1-10) and two curcuminoids (11 and 12) were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. and identified. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP). Among them, the sesquiterpene (4S,5S)-(+)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide (7) inhibited certain subtypes of CYP more potently than or at levels comparable to the curcuminoids curcumin (11) and demethoxycurcumin (12); 7 (IC(50) = 1.0 ± 0.2 μM) > 12 (IC(50) = 7.0 ± 1.7 μM) > 11 (IC(50) = 14.9 ± 1.4 μM) for CYP3A4 inhibition; 12 (IC(50) = 1.4 ± 0.2 μM) > 11 (IC(50) = 6.0 ± 1.4 μM) > 7 (IC(50) = 7.6 ± 2.5 μM) for CYP2C9 inhibition; and 7 (IC(50) = 33.2 ± 3.6 μM) = 12 (IC(50) = 34.0 ± 14.2 μM) > 11 (IC(50) > 100 μM) for CYP1A2 inhibition. These results suggest the possibility that Curcuma aromatica Salisb. may cause food-drug interactions via cytochrome P450 inhibition by sesquiterpene 7 and curcuminoids 11 and 12.
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9
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Siskou IC, Rekka EA, Kourounakis AP, Chrysselis MC, Tsiakitzis K, Kourounakis PN. Design and study of some novel ibuprofen derivatives with potential nootropic and neuroprotective properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:951-61. [PMID: 17126019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Six novel ibuprofen derivatives and related structures, incorporating a proline moiety and designed for neurodegenerative disorders, are studied. They possess anti-inflammatory properties and three of them inhibited lipoxygenase. One compound was found to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production in spleenocytes from arthritic rats. The HS-containing compounds are potent antioxidants and one of them protected against glutathione loss after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. They demonstrated lipid-lowering ability and seem to acquire low gastrointestinal toxicity. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, found in two of these compounds, may be an asset to their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna C Siskou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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10
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Tsiakitzis K, Kourounakis AP, Tani E, Rekka EA, Kourounakis PN. Stress and active oxygen species--effect of alpha-tocopherol on stress response. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2006; 338:315-21. [PMID: 15981300 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200400946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders such as cardiovascular diseases or neurodegeneration. The extensive overlap between diseases attributed to stress and oxidative damage is indicative of their potential relationship. We hereby study the influence of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-toc) on the development of stress biomarkers (morphological and biochemical), on specific biomarkers of radical insult (lipid peroxidation, oxidized proteins, or glutathione content in brain and liver), as well as on drug metabolism. In our experimental protocol two groups of female rats are exposed to stress conditions, i.e. cold plus starvation. Before stress and during its application one group is treated with alpha-toc for 20 d (0.42 mmol/kg per os, once daily). Our results indicate that oxidative damage accompanies the development of stress, while treatment with alpha-toc completely prevents stress-induced radical attack and reduces stress indices like plasma corticosterone, uropepsinogen, and morphological changes. It is found that stress increases the drug metabolic potential of the liver (total P450, CYP2E1, or CYP3A1 activity). Administration of alpha-toc, in combination with stress, further increases erythro mycin N-demethylation (CYP3A1) compared to stress control, while 4-nitrophenol hydroxylation (CYP2E1) is not affected significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyofyllis Tsiakitzis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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11
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Kourounakis AP, Tsiakitzis K, Paramithiotis D, Kotzampassi K, Kourounakis PN. Effect of a novel NSAID derivative with antioxidant moiety on oxidative damage caused by liver and cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:1091-6. [PMID: 12195823 DOI: 10.1211/002235702320266244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue ischaemia-reperfusion evokes toxic and harmful biochemical processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the indices of tissue damage in rat liver and brain after ischaemia-reperfusion injury of these organs, and to study prospective cytoprotection of molecules such as the novel anti-inflammatory N-(2-thiolethyl)-2-(2-[N'-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] phenyl)acetamide (compound 1) and alpha-tocopherol. Two experimental models were studied: firstly, 30 min liver ischaemia via hepatoduodenal ligament clamping followed by 60 min reperfusion; and secondly, 45 min cerebral ischaemia via bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by 90 min reperfusion. Compound 1 and alpha-tocopherol were administered intraperitoneally before induction of ischaemia. We hereby report that compound 1, a molecule that combines potent in-vitro antioxidant and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity with low gastrointestinal toxicity, offered protection in-vivo against liver or brain ischaemia-reperfusion-induced damage. Both compound 1 and alpha-tocopherol prevented changes in lipid peroxidation in the rat liver and brain tissue and in tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) levels in brain. Also compound 1 attenuated glutathione depletion, evoked by ischaemia-reperfusion, in the rat brain but not in the liver. These results could be explained on the basis of the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of compound 1 and suggest its beneficial effect and potential therapeutic use in post-ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kourounakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece.
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12
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El-Ridi MR, Rahmy TR. ACTION OF VITAMIN C AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED HEPATORENAL TOXICITY IN RATS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1081/txr-100102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Klivenyi P, Matthews RT, Wermer M, Yang L, MacGarvey U, Becker DA, Natero R, Beal MF. Azulenyl nitrone spin traps protect against MPTP neurotoxicity. Exp Neurol 1998; 152:163-6. [PMID: 9682023 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1998.6824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Azulenyl nitrones are a unique class of free radical spin-trapping compounds. We administered both a water-soluble and a lipid-soluble azulenyl nitrone to mice prior to administration of MPTP. Both compounds produced significant neuroprotection against depletions of dopamine and its metabolites measured 1 week after MPTP administration. There were no effects on MPP+ levels. These findings provide further evidence that free radical scavengers can produce significant neuroprotection against MPTP neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Klivenyi
- Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
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