1
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Seidel RW, Goddard R, Lang M, Richter A. Nα-Aroyl-N-Aryl-Phenylalanine Amides: A Promising Class of Antimycobacterial Agents Targeting the RNA Polymerase. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400267. [PMID: 38588490 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of death from a bacterium in the world. The global prevalence of clinically relevant infections with opportunistically pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has also been on the rise. Pharmacological treatment of both TB and NTM infections usually requires prolonged regimens of drug combinations, and is often challenging because of developed or inherent resistance to common antibiotic drugs. Medicinal chemistry efforts are thus needed to improve treatment options and therapeutic outcomes. Nα-aroyl-N-aryl-phenylalanine amides (AAPs) have been identified as potent antimycobacterial agents that target the RNA polymerase with a low probability of cross resistance to rifamycins, the clinically most important class of antibiotics known to inhibit the bacterial RNA polymerase. In this review, we describe recent developments in the field of AAPs, including synthesis, structural characterization, in vitro microbiological profiling, structure-activity relationships, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and early cytotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger W Seidel
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Lang
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Adrian Richter
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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2
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Hayashi M, Burtoloso ACB. Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated Keto-Sulfoxides from Sulfoxonium Ylides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400108. [PMID: 38318729 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules containing fluorine and sulfur atoms represent a large percentage of approved pharmaceuticals. Those with combination of both S and F atoms in their structure such as Xtandi, approved in 2012 for prostate cancer, indicates the importance of synthetic methods that accommodates both atoms in an organic moiety. In this study, a novel aspect of sulfoxonium ylide reactivity was explored, unveiling a streamlined and mild synthesis method for gem-difluorinated keto-sulfoxides. Our protocol offers a direct and practical approach to prepare these compounds in 14-80 % chemical yields, that were represented by 21 examples. NMR studies and Hammett correlations gave strong evidence about the mechanism of this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Hayashi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo CEP, SP-13563-120, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo CEP, SP-13563-120, São Carlos, Brazil
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3
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Deniz H, Yıldız T, Başpınar Küçük H. Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reaction with Trifluoroacetic Acid: Synthesizing Some New Functionalized 9-Aryl/Alkyl Thioxanthenes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12596-12601. [PMID: 38524477 PMCID: PMC10956409 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of halogen-substituted thioxanthenes were synthesized because the most important and biologically active derivatives of xanthenes are thioxanthenes. In order to obtain new thioxanthene derivatives, first, the starting molecules were synthesized by the appropriate reaction methods in two steps. The intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation (FCA) method was used to convert the prepared three aromatic substituted starting alcohol compounds to their corresponding thioxanthenes by cyclization. For the intramolecular FCA reaction of secondary alcohols, which are the starting compounds (1a-1t), organic Bro̷nsted acids, which require more innovative, easier, and suitable reaction conditions, were used instead of halide reagents with corrosive effects as classical FCA catalysts. Trifluoroacetic acid was determined to be the organocatalyst with the best yield. Therefore, some original 9-aryl/alkyl thioxanthene derivatives (2a-2t) were synthesized using the optimized FCA method. In addition, a new sulfone derivative of thioxanthene 3i was prepared by performing the oxidation reaction with one of the obtained new thioxanthene 2i. Thioxanthenes and their derivatives are important heterocyclic structures that contain pharmacologically valuable sulfur and are used in the treatment of psychotic diseases such as Alzheimer's or schizophrenia, as well as a number of potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Deniz
- Department of Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Tülay Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Hatice Başpınar Küçük
- Department of Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry Division, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
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4
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Liu Q, Lin T, Wang YE, Liang W, Cao L, Sheng X, Xiong D, Mao J. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of α-Bromo Sulfoxide. Org Lett 2023; 25:9153-9157. [PMID: 38096429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl iodides with α-bromo sulfoxide to access a diverse array of aryl benzyl sulfoxides has been discovered. These reactions occurred under mild conditions with excellent functional group tolerance so that optically enriched sulfoxides could be coupled with aryl iodides, generating corresponding sulfoxides with excellent stereochemical integrity. Furthermore, the scalability of this transformation was demonstrated. Initial mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction undergoes a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tingzhi Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Wenbiao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Liuying Cao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xutao Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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5
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Shukla RK, Yadav RK, Gole VL, Singh S, Gupta NK, Baeg JO. Photocatalytic fixation and oxygenation of NAD + /NADP + and sulfides using solar light: Exploring mechanistic investigations and their impact on synthetic applications. Photochem Photobiol 2023. [PMID: 38054563 DOI: 10.1111/php.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-doped Eosin-B (SDE-B) photocatalysts were synthesized for the first time utilizing sublimed sulfur (S8 ) as a dopant in an in situ thermal copolymerization technique. Sulfur doping not only increased Eosin-B (E-B) absorption range for solar radiation but also improved fixation and oxygenation capabilities. The doped sulfur bridges the S-S bond by substituting for the edge bromine of the E-B bond. The improved photocatalytic activity of SDE-B in the fixation and oxygenation of NAD+ /NADP+ and sulfides using solar light is attributed to the photo-induced hole of SDE-B's high fixation and oxygenation capacity, as well as an efficient suppression of electron and hole recombination. The powerful light-harvesting bridge system created using SDE-B as a photocatalyst works extremely well, resulting in high NADH/NADPH regeneration (79.58/76.36%) and good sulfoxide yields (98.9%) under solar light. This study focuses on the creation and implementation of a sulfur-doped photocatalyst for direct fine chemical regeneration and organic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Vittal L Gole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Navneet Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jin-Ook Baeg
- Artificial Photosynthesis Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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6
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Huang G, Ye J, Tan M, Chen Y, Lu X. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic S-Amination of Sulfenamides for the Synthesis of Sulfinamidines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16116-16121. [PMID: 37982347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a copper-catalyzed oxidative amination of sulfenamides for the synthesis of sulfinamidines. By the employment of air as the terminal oxidant, a diverse array of secondary and primary amines can be efficiently transformed into their corresponding products. This method is well-suited for last-stage functionalization, and the underlying mechanism has been investigated. The transformation is characterized by exceptional chemoselectivity, mild conditions, facile operation, and broad substrate compatibility, which have significant implications for the fields of pharmaceuticals and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Huang
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Ye
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Minxi Tan
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
| | - Xunbo Lu
- Laboratory of Marine Green Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University (LNU), 29 Cunjin Road, Zhanjiang, 524048, P. R. China
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7
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Diprima D, Gemoets H, Bonciolini S, Van Aken K. Selective and scalable oxygenation of heteroatoms using the elements of nature: air, water, and light. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1146-1154. [PMID: 37560135 PMCID: PMC10407787 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable oxidation protocols aim to provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for the production of various chemicals and materials. The development of such protocols can lead to reduced energy consumption, fewer harmful byproducts, and increased efficiency in industrial processes. As such, this field of research is of great importance and interest to both academia and industry. This work showcases a sustainable and catalyst-free oxidation method for heteroatoms (e.g., S, P, and Se) using only air, water and light. An additional reaction pathway is proposed in which the incorporated oxygen on the heteroatoms originates from water. Furthermore, the addition of certain additives enhances productivity by affecting kinetics. The industrial potential is demonstrated by conveniently transferring the batch protocol to continuous flow using the HANU flow reactor, indicating scalability and improving safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Diprima
- Ecosynth, Industrielaan 12, 9800 Deinze, Belgium
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano Bonciolini
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Tan H, Zhang C, Deng Y, Zhang M, Cheng X, Wu J, Zheng D. Photoinduced Radical Sulfinylation of C(sp 3)-H Bonds with Sulfinyl Sulfones. Org Lett 2023; 25:2883-2888. [PMID: 37052454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A direct C(sp3)-H sulfinylation reaction of alkanes with sulfinyl sulfones via decatungstate photocatalysis is reported. The sulfinyl sulfones generated in situ from sulfinates in the presence of an acylating reagent were able to trap the alkyl radicals that were produced via the photoinduced direct hydrogen atom transfer of alkanes, leading to a range of sulfoxides. This radical sulfinylation process provides an efficient and concise method for the synthesis of sulfoxides from abundant alkanes under mild conditions. Using the same strategy, aldehydes can also be transferred to the corresponding sulfoxides via decarbonylative sulfinylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Changmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yangling Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Mengxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiya Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering and Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Danqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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9
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Klein M, Troglauer DL, Waldvogel SR. Dehydrogenative Imination of Low-Valent Sulfur Compounds-Fast and Scalable Synthesis of Sulfilimines, Sulfinamidines, and Sulfinimidate Esters. JACS AU 2023; 3:575-583. [PMID: 36873686 PMCID: PMC9975850 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an electrochemical pathway for the synthesis of sulfilimines, sulfoximines, sulfinamidines, and sulfinimidate esters from readily available low-valent sulfur compounds and primary amides or their analogues. The combination of solvents and supporting electrolytes together act both as an electrolyte as well as a mediator, leading to efficient use of reactants. Both can be easily recovered, enabling an atom-efficient and sustainable process. A broad scope of sulfilimines, sulfinamidines, and sulfinimidate esters with N-EWGs is accessed in up to excellent yields with broad functional group tolerance. This fast synthesis can be easily scaled up to multigram quantities with high robustness for fluctuation of current densities of up to 3 orders of magnitude. The sulfilimines are converted into the corresponding sulfoximines in an ex-cell process in high to excellent yields using electro-generated peroxodicarbonate as a green oxidizer. Thereby, preparatively valuable NH sulfoximines are accessible.
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10
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Schwan AL, Nicol EA, Durant AG. Proximal interactions can direct selective sulfenate alkylation chemistry. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2023.2172409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L. Schwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A. Nicol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Durant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Marcinkowska MA, Jeleń HH. Role of Sulfur Compounds in Vegetable and Mushroom Aroma. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186116. [PMID: 36144849 PMCID: PMC9502545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
At the base of the food pyramid is vegetables, which should be consumed most often of all food products, especially in raw and unprocessed form. Vegetables and mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can fulfill various functions in plants, starting from protection against herbivores and being natural insecticides to pro-health functions in human nutrition. Many of these compounds contain sulfur in their structure. From the point of view of food producers, it is extremely important to know that some of them have flavor properties. Volatile sulfur compounds are often potent odorants, and in many vegetables, belonging mainly to Brassicaeae and Allium (Amaryllidaceae), sulfur compounds determine their specific flavor. Interestingly, some of the pathways that form volatile sulfur compounds in vegetables are also found in selected edible mushrooms. The most important odor-active organosulfur compounds can be divided into isothiocyanates, nitriles, epithionitriles, thiols, sulfides, and polysulfides, as well as others, such as sulfur containing carbonyl compounds and esters, R-L-cysteine sulfoxides, and finally heterocyclic sulfur compounds found in shiitake mushrooms or truffles. This review paper summarizes their precursors and biosynthesis, as well as their sensory properties and changes in selected technological processes.
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12
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Feng CW, Wang DY, Lu HL, Xi ZW, Shen YM, Cao J. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Sulfinamides and Sulfoxides from Nitroarenes and Thiophenols. Org Lett 2022; 24:4485-4489. [PMID: 35678627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an efficient and versatile visible light-driven methodology for synthesizing sulfinamides and sulfoxides using nitroarenes as the nitrogen source and thiophenols as the sulfur source. The switch-over of the two reaction pathways was achieved by changing the type of photocatalyst and the amount of thiophenol in the reaction mixture. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with good functional group tolerance and can easily be scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Miao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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13
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Simpson SR, Siano P, Siela DJ, Diment LA, Song BC, Westendorff KS, Ericson MN, Welch KD, Dickie DA, Harman WD. Phenyl Sulfones: A Route to a Diverse Family of Trisubstituted Cyclohexenes from Three Independent Nucleophilic Additions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9489-9499. [PMID: 35593716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel process is described for the synthesis of di- and trisubstituted cyclohexenes from an arene. These compounds are prepared from three independent nucleophilic addition reactions to a phenyl sulfone (PhSO2R; R = Me, Ph, and NC4H8) dihapto-coordinated to the tungsten complex {WTp(NO)(PMe3)}(Tp = trispyrazolylborate). Such a coordination renders the dearomatized aryl ring susceptible to protonation at a carbon ortho to the sulfone group. The resulting arenium species readily reacts with the first nucleophile to form a dihapto-coordinated sulfonylated diene complex. This complex can again be protonated, and the subsequent nucleophilic addition forms a trisubstituted cyclohexene species bearing a sulfonyl group at an allylic position. Loss of the sulfinate anion forms a π-allyl species, to which a third nucleophile can be added. The trisubstituted cyclohexene can then be oxidatively decomplexed, either before or after substitution of the sulfonyl group. Nucleophiles employed include masked enolates, cyanide, amines, amides, and hydride, with all three additions occurring to the same face of the ring, anti to the metal. Of the 12 novel functionalized cyclohexenes prepared as examples of this methodology, nine compounds meet five independent criteria for evaluating drug likeliness. Structural assignments are supported with nine crystal structures, density functional theory studies, and full 2D NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser R Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Paolo Siano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Daniel J Siela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Louis A Diment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Brian C Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Karl S Westendorff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Megan N Ericson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - W Dean Harman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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14
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Santos IA, de Castro PP, dos Santos HF, Amarante GW. Mechanism and Origin of Enantioselectivity in Bifunctional Squaramide‐Catalyzed α‐Thiolation of Azlactones. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Wilson Amarante
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of Chemistry Louren�o Kelmer, s/nS�o Pedro 36036-900 Juiz de Fora BRAZIL
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15
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Ishikawa H, Yamaguchi S, Nakata A, Nakajima K, Yamazoe S, Yamasaki J, Mizugaki T, Mitsudome T. Phosphorus-Alloying as a Powerful Method for Designing Highly Active and Durable Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides: Ligand and Ensemble Effects of Phosphorus. JACS AU 2022; 2:419-427. [PMID: 35252991 PMCID: PMC8889554 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The modification of metal nanoparticles (NPs) by incorporating additional metals is a key technique for developing novel catalysts. However, the effects of incorporating nonmetals into metal NPs have not been widely explored, particularly in the field of organic synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that phosphorus (P)-alloying significantly increases the activity of precious metal NPs for the deoxygenation of sulfoxides into sulfides. In particular, ruthenium phosphide NPs exhibit an excellent catalytic activity and high durability against sulfur-poisoning, outperforming conventional catalysts. Various sulfoxides, including drug intermediates, were deoxygenated to sulfides with excellent yields. Detailed investigations into the structure-activity relationship revealed that P-alloying plays a dual role: it establishes a ligand effect on the electron transfer from Ru to P, facilitating the production of active hydrogen species, and has an ensemble effect on the formation of the Ru-P bond, preventing strong coordination with sulfide products. These effects combine to increase the catalytic performance of ruthenium phosphide NPs. These results demonstrate that P-alloying is an efficient method to improve the metal NP catalysis for diverse organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ishikawa
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakata
- First-Principles
Simulation Group, Nano-Theory Field, International Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakajima
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jun Yamasaki
- Research
Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoo Mizugaki
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takato Mitsudome
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012, Japan
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16
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Skolia E, Gkizis PL, Kokotos CG. Aerobic Photocatalysis: Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200008. [PMID: 35199489 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxides constitute one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry found in numerous pharmaceuticals and natural products. Sulfoxides are usually obtained from the oxidation of the corresponding sulfides. Among various oxidants, oxygen or air are considered the greenest and most sustainable reagent. Photochemistry and photocatalysis is increasingly applied in new, as well as traditional, yet demanding, reaction, like the aerobic oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides, since photocatalysis has provided the means to access them in mild and effective ways. In this review, we will summarize the photochemical protocols that have been developed for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides, employing air or oxygen as the oxidant. The aim of this review is to present: i) a historical overview, ii) the key mechanistic studies and proposed mechanisms and iii) categorize the different catalytic systems in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Skolia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Chistoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis 15771, Athens, Greece
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17
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Simić S, Zukić E, Schmermund L, Faber K, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Shortening Synthetic Routes to Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Employing Biocatalytic Methods. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1052-1126. [PMID: 34846124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis, using enzymes for organic synthesis, has emerged as powerful tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The first industrial biocatalytic processes launched in the first half of the last century exploited whole-cell microorganisms where the specific enzyme at work was not known. In the meantime, novel molecular biology methods, such as efficient gene sequencing and synthesis, triggered breakthroughs in directed evolution for the rapid development of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and good selectivities tailored for specific substrates. To date, enzymes are employed to enable shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative routes toward (established) small molecule APIs, and are additionally used to perform standard reactions in API synthesis more efficiently. Herein, large-scale synthetic routes containing biocatalytic key steps toward >130 APIs of approved drugs and drug candidates are compared with the corresponding chemical protocols (if available) regarding the steps, reaction conditions, and scale. The review is structured according to the functional group formed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erna Zukić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth─University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Amri N, Wirth T. Flow Electrosynthesis of Sulfoxides, Sulfones, and Sulfoximines without Supporting Electrolytes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15961-15972. [PMID: 34164983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electrochemical flow process for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones and of sulfoxides to N-cyanosulfoximines has been developed. In total, 69 examples of sulfoxides, sulfones, and N-cyanosulfoximines have been synthesized in good to excellent yields and with high current efficiencies. The synthesis was assisted and facilitated through a supporting electrolyte-free, fully automated electrochemical protocol that highlights the advantages of flow electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Amri
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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19
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Chaubey S, Yadav RK, Tripathi SK, Yadav BC, Singh SN, Kim TW. Covalent Triazine Framework as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Regeneration of NAD(P)H and Selective Oxidation of Organic Sulfide. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:150-159. [PMID: 34390001 DOI: 10.1111/php.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), belonging to the super-family of covalent organic frameworks, have attracted significant attention as a new type of photosensitizer due to the superb light harvesting ability and efficient charge transfer originating from the large surface area. However, the wide optical band gap in CTFs, which is larger than 3.0 eV, hinders the efficient light harvesting in the visible range. To overcome this limitation, we developed the new type CTFs photocatalyst based on the donor-acceptor conjugation scheme by using melamine (M) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (AQ) as monomeric units. The melamine-2,6-diaminoanthraquinone based covalent triazine frameworks (M-AQ-CTFs) photocatalyst shows the excellent light harvesting capacity with high molar extinction coefficient, and the suitable optical band gap involving the internal charge transfer character. Combination of M-AQ-CTFs and artificial photosynthetic system including the organometallic rhodium complex, acting as an electron mediator, exhibited the excellent photocatalytic efficiency for the regeneration of the nicotinamide cofactors such as NAD(P)H. In addition, this photocatalyst showed the high photocatalytic efficiency for the metal-free aerobic oxidation of sulfide. This study demonstrates the high potential of CTFs photocatalyst with the donor-acceptor conjugated scheme can be actively used for the artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Chaubey
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, U.P., India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, U.P., India
| | - Santosh K Tripathi
- Defence Materials Stores and Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE), P. O. G. T. Road, Kanpur, 208013, India
| | - B C Yadav
- Nanomaterials and Sensors Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, U.P., India
| | - S N Singh
- Department of Humanities & Management Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P., India
| | - Tae Wu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
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20
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Moulay S. S-methylation of organosulfur substrates: A comprehensive overview. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1925672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Moulay
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Saâd Dahlab de Blida, Blida, Algeria
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21
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Marin L, Jerhaoui S, Kolodziej E, Guillot R, Gandon V, Colobert F, Schulz E, Wencel‐Delord J, Lebœuf D. Sulfoxide‐Controlled Stereoselective Aza‐Piancatelli Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Marin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Soufyan Jerhaoui
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) CNRS UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Emilie Kolodziej
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) CNRS UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Emmanuelle Schulz
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Joanna Wencel‐Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) CNRS UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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22
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Wang Z, Chen T, Liu H, Zhao XL, Hu WB, Yang H, Liu YA, Wen K. Pillar[5]arene-Derived endo-Functionalized Molecular Tube for Mimicking Protein-Ligand Interactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6467-6477. [PMID: 33872006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial tubular molecular pockets bearing polar functionalities on their inner surface are useful model systems for understanding the mechanisms of protein-ligand interactions in living systems. We herein report a pillar[5]arene-derived molecular tube, [P4-(OH)BPO], whose endo conformational isomer endo-[P4-(OH)BPO] possesses an inwardly pointing hydrogen-bond (H-bond) donor (OH) in its deep cavity and a strong H-bond acceptor (C═O) on its predominantly hydrophobic inner surface, rendering it a perfect protein binding pocket mimetic. A fragment-based drug design model was established using endo-[P4-(OH)BPO] and a library of various shape-complementary fragment ligands (1-38). On the basis of the binding affinity data for "fragment-pocket" complexes G⊂endo-[P4-(OH)BPO] (G = 1-38), two rationally designed "lead molecules" (39 and 40) were identified as being able to enhance binding affinity significantly by forming H-bonds with both the donor and acceptor of endo-[P4-(OH)BPO]. The described work opens new avenues for developing pillar[n]arene-derived protein binding pocket-mimetic systems for studies of protein-ligand interactions and mechanisms of enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei-Bo Hu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yahu A Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, San Diego, California 92127, United States
| | - Ke Wen
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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23
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Moura IMR, Tranquilino A, Sátiro BG, Silva RO, de Oliveira-Silva D, Oliveira RA, Menezes PH. Unusual Application for Phosphonium Salts and Phosphoranes: Synthesis of Chalcogenides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5954-5964. [PMID: 33789421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the synthesis of sulfides and selenides from phosphonium salts and thio- or selenesulfonates, commercially available compounds, is described. When phosphoranes were used in the reaction, different products were obtained. The methodology does not require the use of metals, reactive species, or anhydrous conditions to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M R Moura
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Arisson Tranquilino
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Barbara G Sátiro
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O Silva
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Oliveira-Silva
- Depto. de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta A Oliveira
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Menezes
- Depto. de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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24
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Ang NWJ, Ackermann L. Electroreductive Nickel-Catalyzed Thiolation: Efficient Cross-Electrophile Coupling for C-S Formation. Chemistry 2021; 27:4883-4887. [PMID: 33370483 PMCID: PMC7986068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing molecules are of utmost topical importance towards the effective development of pharmaceuticals and functional materials. Herein, we present an efficient and mild electrochemical thiolation by cross-electrophile coupling of alkyl bromides with functionalized bench-stable thiosulfonates to access alkyl sulfides with excellent efficacy and broad functional group tolerance. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic analysis were performed to elucidate mechanistic insights into this electrocatalytic thiolation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate W. J. Ang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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25
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Zhu H, Wang C, Zong L. Progress on Biological Activity Study and Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfoxides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Zhou Y, Ma H, Yang Z, Wu C, Sun T. A systematic investigation on the impact of the level of oxidation at sulfur and the configuration of R/ S-sulfoxide on the solid structure. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the two aspects, different oxidation states of sulfur and diastereomeric sulfoxides, were combined to comprehend the role of crystal packing and different weak intermolecular interactions in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Tiemin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
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27
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Batista GMF, de Castro PP, dos Santos JA, Skrydstrup T, Amarante GW. Synthetic developments on the preparation of sulfides from thiol-free reagents. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This critical review covers the main thiolating reagents with respect to their characteristics and reactivities. In fact, they are complementary to each other and bring different thiolation strategies, avoiding the hazardous thiol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. F. Batista
- Chemistry Department
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
| | - Pedro P. de Castro
- Chemistry Department
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
| | | | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
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28
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Surur AS, Huluka SA, Mitku ML, Asres K. Indole: The After Next Scaffold of Antiplasmodial Agents? Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4855-4867. [PMID: 33204071 PMCID: PMC7666986 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s278588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global public health problem due to the uphill fight against the causative Plasmodium parasites that are relentless in developing resistance. Indole-based antiplasmodial compounds are endowed with multiple modes of action, of which inhibition of hemozoin formation is the major mechanism of action reported for compounds such as cryptolepine, flinderoles, and isosungucine. Indole-based compounds exert their potent activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium strains by inhibiting hemozoin formation in a mode of action different from that of chloroquine or through a novel mechanism of action. For example, dysregulating the sodium and osmotic homeostasis of Plasmodium through inhibition of PfATP4 is the novel mechanism of cipargamin. The potential of developing multi-targeted compounds through molecular hybridization ensures the existence of indole-based compounds in the antimalarial pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solomon Assefa Huluka
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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29
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Continuous Bioinspired Oxidation of Sulfides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25112711. [PMID: 32545303 PMCID: PMC7321102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, efficient, and selective oxidation under flow conditions of sulfides into their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones is reported herein, using as a catalyst perselenic acid generated in situ by the oxidation of selenium (IV) oxide in a diluted aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide as the final oxidant. The scope of the proposed methodology was investigated using aryl alkyl sulfides, aryl vinyl sulfides, and dialkyl sulfides as substrates, evidencing, in general, a good applicability. The scaled-up synthesis of (methylsulfonyl)benzene was also demonstrated, leading to its gram-scale preparation.
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30
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Photocatalytic Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides Using Visible Light: Mechanistic Investigations and Synthetic Applications. ACS Catal 2020; 10:5814-5820. [PMID: 32582464 PMCID: PMC7304878 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
photocatalytic deoxygenation of sulfoxides to generate sulfides
facilitated by either Ir[(dF(CF3)ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6 or fac-Ir(ppy)3 is reported.
Mechanistic studies indicate that a radical chain mechanism operates,
which proceeds via a phosphoranyl radical generated from a radical/polar
crossover process. Initiation of the radical chain was found to proceed
via two opposing photocatalytic quenching mechanisms, offering complementary
reactivity. The mild nature of the radical deoxygenation process enables
the reduction of a wide range of functionalized sulfoxides, including
those containing acid-sensitive groups, in typically high isolated
yields.
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31
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Rodríguez M, Gutiérrez J, Domínguez J, Peixoto PA, Fernández A, Rodríguez N, Deffieux D, Rojas L, Quideau S, Pouységu L, Charris J. Synthesis and leishmanicidal evaluation of sulfanyl‐ and sulfonyl‐tethered functionalized benzoate derivatives featuring a nitroimidazole moiety. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000002. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | - Joyce Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | - José Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | | | - Alexis Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de MedicinaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | - Noris Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de MedicinaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | | | - Luis Rojas
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Farmacia y BioanálisisUniv. de Los Andes Mérida Venezuela
| | | | | | - Jaime Charris
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Facultad de FarmaciaUniv. Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
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32
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Wang X, Deng K, Wang C, Li Y, Wang T, Huang Z, Ma Y, Sun P, Shi Y, Yang S, Fan Y, Xiang R. Novel CDKs inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumour by simultaneously regulating the cell cycle and transcription control. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:414-423. [PMID: 31899991 PMCID: PMC6968521 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1705290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitors, which play critical roles in the cell cycle control and regulation of cell transcription, were synthesised. A systematic study of enzymatic and cellular assays led to the identification of compound X22 with a nanomolar potency against CDK4 and CDK9 and potent antiproliferative activities against a panel of tumour cell lines. X22 could induce cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in cancer cell lines. X22 dose-dependently inhibits signalling pathways downstream of CDKs in cancer cells. In vivo antitumor activity assays, oral administration of X22 led to significant tumour regression in mouse model without obvious toxicity. Superior anti-cancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo of X22 demonstrated combined depletion of cell cycle and transcriptional CDK all contributed to antitumor activity. Taken together, concomitant inhibition of cell cycle and transcriptional CDK activities provided valuable guide for further structural optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yakun Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin, China
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Bock C, Surur AS, Beirow K, Kindermann MK, Schulig L, Bodtke A, Bednarski PJ, Link A. Sulfide Analogues of Flupirtine and Retigabine with Nanomolar K V 7.2/K V 7.3 Channel Opening Activity. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:952-964. [PMID: 30861620 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potassium channel openers flupirtine and retigabine have proven to be valuable analgesics or antiepileptics. Their recent withdrawal due to occasional hepatotoxicity and tissue discoloration, respectively, leaves a therapeutic niche unfilled. Metabolic oxidation of both drugs gives rise to the formation of electrophilic quinones. These elusive, highly reactive metabolites may induce liver injury in the case of flupirtine and blue tissue discoloration after prolonged intake of retigabine. We examined which structural features can be altered to avoid the detrimental oxidation of the aromatic ring and shift oxidation toward the formation of more benign metabolites. Structure-activity relationship studies were performed to evaluate the KV 7.2/3 channel opening activity of 45 derivatives. Sulfide analogues were identified that are devoid of the risk of quinone formation, but possess potent KV 7.2/3 opening activity. For example, flupirtine analogue 3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-(6-(isobutylthio)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide (48) has 100-fold enhanced activity (EC50 =1.4 nm), a vastly improved toxicity/activity ratio, and the same efficacy as retigabine in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bock
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Abdrrahman S Surur
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Beirow
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus K Kindermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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34
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Surur AS, Beirow K, Bock C, Schulig L, Kindermann MK, Bodtke A, Siegmund W, Bednarski PJ, Link A. Flupirtine Analogues: Explorative Synthesis and Influence of Chemical Structure on K V7.2/K V7.3 Channel Opening Activity. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:41-44. [PMID: 30652063 PMCID: PMC6331712 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal voltage‐gated potassium channels KV7.2/KV7.3 are sensitive to small‐molecule drugs such as flupirtine, even though physiological response occurs in the absence of ligands. Clinically, prolonged use of flupirtine as a pain medication is associated with rare cases of drug‐induced liver injury. Thus, safety concerns prevent a broader use of this non‐opioid and non‐steroidal analgesic in therapeutic areas with unmet medical needs such as hyperactive bladder or neonatal seizures. With the goal of studying influences of chemical structure on activity and toxicity of flupirtine, we explored modifications of the benzylamino bridge and the substitution pattern in both rings of flupirtine. Among twelve derivatives, four novel thioether derivatives showed the desired activity in cellular assays and may serve as leads for safer KV channel openers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdrrahman S Surur
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Kristin Beirow
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Markus K Kindermann
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | | | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy University of Greifswald Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17 17489 Greifswald Germany
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