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Richard ME, Delabarde T, Hmeydia G, Provost C, de Jong L, Hamza L, Meder JF, Oppenheim C, Ludes B, Benzakoun J. Validation of a post-mortem computed tomography method for age estimation based on the 4th rib in a French population. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:833-839. [PMID: 35230486 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation is a key factor for identification procedure in forensic context. Based on anthropological findings, degenerative changes of the sternal extremity of the 4th rib are currently used for age estimation. These have been adapted to post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT). The aim of this study was to validate a post-mortem computed tomography method based on a revision of the Iscan's method on a French sample. A total of 250 PMCT (aged from 18-98 years (IQR 36-68 years, median 51 years); 68 (27%) females) from the Medicolegal Institute of Paris (MLIP) were analyzed by two radiologists. The sternal extremity of 4th right rib was scored using method adapted from Iscan et al. Weighted κ was used to evaluate intra- and inter-observer reliability and Spearman correlation was performed to evaluate relationship between age and score. Confidence intervals for individual prediction of age based on 4th rib score and sex were computed with bootstrapping. The intra-observer reliability and inter-observer reliability were almost perfect (weighted κ = 0.85 [95%CI: 0.78-0.93] and 0.82 [95%CI 0.70-0.96] respectively). We confirmed a high correlation between the 4th rib score and subject age (rho = 0.72, p < 0.001), although the confidence intervals for individual age prediction were large, spanning over several decades. This study confirms the high reliability of Iscan method applied to PMCT for age estimation, although future multimodal age prediction techniques may help reducing the span of confidence intervals for individual age estimation.Trial registration: INDS 0,509,211,020, October 2020, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Edith Richard
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Tania Delabarde
- Université de Paris, UMR8045 BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ghazi Hmeydia
- Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Corentin Provost
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Laura de Jong
- Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Lilia Hamza
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Meder
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Université de Paris, UMR8045 BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Benzakoun
- Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France. .,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France.
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Akhbari P, Karamchandani U, Jaggard MKJ, Graça G, Bhattacharya R, Lindon JC, Williams HRT, Gupte CM. Can joint fluid metabolic profiling (or "metabonomics") reveal biomarkers for osteoarthritis and inflammatory joint disease?: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:108-119. [PMID: 32435463 PMCID: PMC7229296 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.93.bjr-2019-0167.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Metabolic profiling is a top-down method of analysis looking at metabolites, which are the intermediate or end products of various cellular pathways. Our primary objective was to perform a systematic review of the published literature to identify metabolites in human synovial fluid (HSF), which have been categorized by metabolic profiling techniques. A secondary objective was to identify any metabolites that may represent potential biomarkers of orthopaedic disease processes. Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines using the MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. Studies included were case series, case control series, and cohort studies looking specifically at HSF. Results The primary analysis, which pooled the results from 17 published studies and four meeting abstracts, identified over 200 metabolites. Seven of these studies (six published studies, one meeting abstract) had asymptomatic control groups and collectively suggested 26 putative biomarkers in osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathies, and trauma. These can broadly be categorized into amino acids plus related metabolites, fatty acids, ketones, and sugars. Conclusion The role of metabolic profiling in orthopaedics is fast evolving with many metabolites already identified in a variety of pathologies. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution due to the presence of multiple confounding factors in many of the studies. Future research should include largescale epidemiological metabolic profiling studies incorporating various confounding factors with appropriate statistical analysis to account for multiple testing of the data. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(3):108–119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Akhbari
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew K J Jaggard
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Goncalo Graça
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rajarshi Bhattacharya
- Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - John C Lindon
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Horace R T Williams
- Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chinmay M Gupte
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, and Department of Orthopaedics & Trauma, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Salaffi F, Carotti M, Cervini C. Modificazioni morfo-funzionali della cartilagine nella senescenza e nell'osteoartrosi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/19714009940070s305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
La cartilagine articolare è un tessuto connettivo avascolare, aneurale che ricopre le superfici articolari. La funzione di assorbimento delle sollecitazioni meccaniche, a protezione dell'osso subcondrale, rende la supeficie articolare idonea a sostenere il carico. Le funzioni inerenti le modalità di assorbimento della sollecitazione meccanica, che fanno sì che la deformazione sia reversibile, dipendono in larga parte dalle caratteristiche della cartilagine, intesa come struttura altamente organizzata. Nell'osteoartrosi umana e nei suoi modelli animali l'alterazione strutturale dei proteoglicani cartilaginei rappresenta l'evento centrale. Vengono discusse, alla luce delle acquisizioni più recenti, le implicazioni sulle proprieta fisico-chimiche e morfo-strutturali della cartilagine articolare riguardanti le caratteristiche di base dei proteoglicani, la struttura dei collageni, l'organizzazione della matrice extracellulare e le sue modificazioni nella senescenza ed in corso di osteoartrosi con le relative conseguenze sulle proprietà biomeccaniche del disco intervertebrale. Le conoscenze relative alle alterazioni della struttura proteoglicanica e lo sviluppo di nuovi metodi di determinazione dei markers biochimici del danno cartilagineo potrebbero migliorare la comprensione delle relazioni fra senescenza ed osteoartrosi, nonchè il riconoscimento delle modificazioni più precoci e la valutazione della risposta terapeutica.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Salaffi
- Istituto Policattedra di Patologia e Clinica dell'Apparato Locomotore, Università degli Studi di Ancona
| | - M. Carotti
- Istituto Policattedra di Patologia e Clinica dell'Apparato Locomotore, Università degli Studi di Ancona
| | - C. Cervini
- Istituto Policattedra di Patologia e Clinica dell'Apparato Locomotore, Università degli Studi di Ancona
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Ramshaw JAM. Biomedical applications of collagens. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:665-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
The present-day concept that osteoarthritis may be amenable to biological modification rather than a hopeless expression of old age or injury has historical roots in the period of 1935 through the early 1970s. One root was the structural and chemical delineation of the connective tissues: discovery of the proteoglycans and multiple molecular species of collagen. Another was the recognition of the ability of mature articular chondrocytes to replicate themselves rather than being terminally differentiated. A third was the elucidation of the engineering physiology of the joint: the role of matrix hydrophilia to the material properties of articular cartilage and biolubrication. Each root has direct relevance to ongoing therapeutic approaches to degenerative joint disease. The early epidemiological studies of Kellgren and Lawrence evolved into new techniques for testing their validity in clinical practice. Along the way there was a rich 2-way interaction between scientists and clinicians in arriving at these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sokoloff
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Yoo TJ, Chiang TM, Dixit S, Sudo N, Takeda T, Ishibe T, Seyer J. Collagen components of bovine fetal and guinea pig cochlear bone and human stapes. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1988; 97:318-21. [PMID: 3288077 DOI: 10.1177/000348948809700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagenous components were isolated chemically from fetal bovine or guinea pig cochlear bone and human stapes after stapedectomy, and the purified protein was characterized by immunoblot assay and amino acid analysis. The results of this study suggest that these are mixtures of type I and type II collagens. The presence of type II collagen in the human stapes also was demonstrated by immunohistologic methods using monoclonal antibody. The presence of type II collagen in these tissues is significant, since it has been postulated as an autoantigen in autoimmune inner ear disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Yoo
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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Okuda Y, Gorski JP, Amadio PC. Effect of postnatal age on the ultrastructure of six anatomical areas of canine flexor digitorum profundus tendon. J Orthop Res 1987; 5:231-41. [PMID: 3572592 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report findings of a transmission electron microscopic study comparing the morphological appearance of cells and extracellular matrix of two fibrocartilaginous regions of canine flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon with that for typical tendinous regions. In addition, we determined the size distribution of collagen fibrils in six anatomical areas of the tendon from animals of three different ages. Average collagen fibril diameters for each of the six anatomical sites of 11-week-old FDP tendon were consistently different from that for older tissue. As growth proceeds, fibrils in tendinous regions almost double in size and take on a broad bimodal distribution. Collagen diameters in fibrocartilaginous areas do not increase, but rather decrease in size with age. Finally, the cells and associated pericellular matrix of fibrocartilaginous areas of adolescent and mature FDP tendon are ultrastructurally distinct from those of typical tendinous regions. On the contrary, the cellular morphology of 11-week-old tendon was invariant regardless of the anatomical region examined. In summary, fibrocartilage of canine FDP tendon, although not evident at 11 weeks of age, is well established by 6-12 months after birth and is the result of cellular and extracellular matrix specialization.
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Abstract
Although cartilage has a limited capacity for intrinsic repair, cells extrinsic to the cartilage can provide a mechanism for repair if the proper conditions exist. The new chondroid material produced, although not histologically or biochemically identical to mature hyaline articular cartilage, can nevertheless in many circumstances permit normal joint function and prevent further joint deterioration. The evidence suggests that joint healing results from establishing a source of cells, normalizing joint pressures, and encouraging joint motion. Much of the controversy surrounding the question of whether joints can heal results from a failure to view joint function, rather than cartilage appearance, as the most important component of the healing process, and to appreciate the significant role played by mechanical factors in promoting this response.
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14
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Schnider SL, Kohn RR. Effects of age and diabetes mellitus on the solubility of collagen from human skin, tracheal cartilage and dura mater. Exp Gerontol 1982; 17:185-94. [PMID: 7140859 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(82)90024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Bordas J, Woodhead-Galloway J, Hukins DW. Energy dispersive x-ray diffraction by collagen fibrils in costal cartilage using synchrotron radiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 84:627-30. [PMID: 718705 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Burleigh MC, Werb Z, Reynolds JJ. Evidence that species specificity and rate of collagen degradation are properties of collagen, not collagenase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 494:198-208. [PMID: 198007 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(77)90148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Lippiello L, Hall D, Mankin HJ. Collagen synthesis in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage. J Clin Invest 1977; 59:593-600. [PMID: 845251 PMCID: PMC372262 DOI: 10.1172/jci108676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen metabolism in osteoarthritic human articular cartilage was compared to that in normal cartilage and was also correlated with the degree of severity of the osteoarthritic lesion as determined by a histological-histochemical grading system. No correlation was apparent between the concentrations of DNA, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine and the degree of severity of the osteoarthritic lesion (except in far-advanced lesions). Similarly, there was no correlation in levels of these components in tissues from the normal vs. osteoarthritic group. The similarity of the values of the ratio hydroxylysine/hydroxyproline in osteoarthritic tissue compared with normal, and the lack of variation in these with increasing severity of the disease process argues against the possibility that osteoarthritis is associated with a major shift in the synthesis of type II collagen to type I. [3H]Proline incorporation into osteoarthritic cartilage was increased fourfold as compared to normal cartilage and varied with advancing histological-histochemical grade. Measurement of the specific activity of insolubilized hydroxyproline-containing material of the cartilage matrix, as an index of the turnover of collagen, showed a sixfold increase in osteoarthritic cartilage which also varied with grade. These data suggest that collagen synthesis in these tissues is substantially greater than in nonosteoarthritic tissues and varies directly with the severity of the disease process up to a point and then varies inversely as the lesion becomes more severe.
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Miller EJ. Biochemical characteristics and biological significance of the genetically-distinct collagens. Mol Cell Biochem 1976; 13:165-92. [PMID: 1004502 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years it has become evident that genetic polymorphism is dramatically expressed in the structural protein, collagen. Current information on the biochemical properties, biosynthesis, and tissue distribution of Type I, II, and III collagens is summarized with special reference to possible unique functional roles fulfilled by each of these collagens.
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Seyer JM, Brickley DM, Glimcher MJ. The identification of two types of collagen in the articular cartilage of postnatal chickens. CALCIFIED TISSUE RESEARCH 1974; 17:43-55. [PMID: 4451876 DOI: 10.1007/bf02547213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Seyer JM, Brickley DM, Glimcher MJ. The isolation of two types of collagen from embryonic bovine epiphyseal cartilage. CALCIFIED TISSUE RESEARCH 1974; 17:25-41. [PMID: 4451875 DOI: 10.1007/bf02547212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lee P, Rooney PJ, Sturrock RD, Kennedy AC, Dick WC. The etiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1974; 3:189-218. [PMID: 4205480 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(74)90019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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van der Korst JK, Lansink AG, Henrichs AM. Different aging patterns in the solubility and amylase-digestibility of articular and costal cartilage in man. Exp Gerontol 1973; 8:325-31. [PMID: 4778080 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(73)90013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
A simple technique is described for the removal of proteoglycans from human cartilage by sequential treatments with H(2)O(2) followed by trypsin digestion. The resultant fibres contain no uronic acids and have the amino acid composition of highly purified collagen.
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Wright V, Dowson D, Kerr J. The structure of joints. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH 1973; 6:105-25. [PMID: 4579315 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-363706-2.50009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Herbage D, Huc A, Chabrand D, Chapuy MC. Physicochemical study of articular cartilage from healthy and osteo-arthritic human hips. Orientation and thermal stability of collagen fibres. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 271:339-46. [PMID: 5065311 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(72)90208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pinnell SR, Krane SM, Kenzora JE, Glimcher MJ. A heritable disorder of connective tissue. Hydroxylysine-deficient collagen disease. N Engl J Med 1972; 286:1013-20. [PMID: 5016372 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197205112861901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Simůnek Z, Muir H. Changes in the protein-polysaccharides of pig articular cartilage during prenatal life, development and old age. Biochem J 1972; 126:515-23. [PMID: 4263036 PMCID: PMC1178407 DOI: 10.1042/bj1260515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the knee-joint cartilage of pigs at five ages (namely foetuses from the second half of pregnancy and animals 10 weeks, 25 weeks, 3 years and 5 years old) showed that the composition approached that of adult cartilage by 25 weeks of age, the most marked differences being between foetal and 10 week-old cartilage. Protein-polysaccharides were extracted sequentially, first by brief low-speed homogenization with iso-osmotic sodium acetate, then by two extractions with 2m-CaCl(2) for 24h with gentle agitation interspersed with brief low-speed homogenization and agitation for another 24h. About half of the protein-polysaccharides were removed from foetal cartilage by the first extraction and the remainder by the second. The proportion in the first extract declined sharply with the age of the animal, but that in the first CaCl(2) extract was similar at all ages other than 10 weeks. The amount left in the residue increased approximately with the collagen content from about one-fifth at 10 weeks of age to one-third in adult and old cartilage. The proportion of medium-sized protein-polysaccharides in the extracts changed little with age after birth, but the glucosamine content increased about fivefold and the protein content almost doubled between 10 weeks and 5 years of age. Other analytical values changed little. These results cannot be explained solely by changes in the proportion of ;link-glycoprotein' in the protein-polysaccharides. Since major changes in most parameters had taken place by 25 weeks of age, the first weeks after birth may be a critical period for cartilage development in the pig.
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Strawich E, Nimni ME. Properties of a collagen molecule containing three identical components extracted from bovine articular cartilage. Biochemistry 1971; 10:3905-11. [PMID: 4334282 DOI: 10.1021/bi00797a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dequeker J, Merlevede W. Collagen content and collagen extractability pattern of adult human trabecular bone according to age, sex and amount of bone mass. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 244:410-20. [PMID: 5001540 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(71)90243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Platt D, Dorn M. [Demonstration of hyaluronidase (systematic name: hyaluronate-glycanohydrolese, EC 3.2.1.35) in human genuae cartilage]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1970; 48:379. [PMID: 5520545 DOI: 10.1007/bf01484871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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34
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Harris ED, Evanson JM, DiBona DR, Krane SM. Collagenase and rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1970; 13:83-94. [PMID: 4315246 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780130109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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