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Wijesinghe SN, Ditchfield C, Flynn S, Agrawal J, Davis ET, Dajas-Bailador F, Chapman V, Jones SW. Immunomodulation and fibroblast dynamics driving nociceptive joint pain within inflammatory synovium: Unravelling mechanisms for therapeutic advancements in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01267-6. [PMID: 38960140 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovitis is a widely accepted sign of osteoarthritis (OA), characterised by tissue hyperplasia, where increased infiltration of immune cells and proliferation of resident fibroblasts adopt a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and increased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators that are capable of sensitising and activating sensory nociceptors, which innervate the joint tissues. As such, it is important to understand the cellular composition of synovium and their involvement in pain sensitisation to better inform the development of effective analgesics. METHODS Studies investigating pain sensitisation in OA with a focus on immune cells and fibroblasts were identified using PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. RESULTS In this review, we comprehensively assess the evidence that cellular crosstalk between resident immune cells or synovial fibroblasts with joint nociceptors in inflamed OA synovium contributes to peripheral pain sensitisation. Moreover, we explore whether the elucidation of common mechanisms identified in similar joint conditions may inform the development of more effective analgesics specifically targeting OA joint pain. CONCLUSION The concept of local environment and cellular crosstalk within the inflammatory synovium as a driver of nociceptive joint pain presents a compelling opportunity for future research and therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N Wijesinghe
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Caitlin Ditchfield
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Sariah Flynn
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jyoti Agrawal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | | | | | - Victoria Chapman
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Yamada H. The Search for the Pathogenic T Cells in the Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Which T-Cell Subset Drives Autoimmune Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086930. [PMID: 37108093 PMCID: PMC10138952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting systemic synovial tissues, leading to the destruction of multiple joints. Its etiology is still unknown, but T-cell-mediated autoimmunity has been thought to play critical roles, which is supported by experimental as well as clinical observations. Therefore, efforts have been made to elucidate the functions and antigen specificity of pathogenic autoreactive T cells, which could be a therapeutic target for disease treatment. Historically, T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells are hypothesized to be pathogenic T cells in RA joints; however, lines of evidence do not fully support this hypothesis, showing polyfunctionality of the T cells. Recent progress in single-cell analysis technology has led to the discovery of a novel helper T-cell subset, peripheral helper T cells, and attracted attention to the previously unappreciated T-cell subsets, such as cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells, in RA joints. It also enables a comprehensive view of T-cell clonality and function. Furthermore, the antigen specificity of the expanded T-cell clones can be determined. Despite such progress, which T-cell subset drives inflammation is yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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3
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Effect of different types of immunosuppressive therapy on the parameters of TNF receptor expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The balance of TNF receptor expression on immune cells is a key factor determining cytokine-induced activation of proapoptotic or proliferative signaling pathways. As a result, the changes in cytokine level and in expression of its receptors may be one of the mechanisms that regulate the level of systemic and local inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determine the degree of therapy effectiveness. The aim. To study the effect of rheumatoid arthritis therapy on the change in the patterns of TNF receptors expression in terms of co-expression and the number of receptors on the main subpopulations of immunocompetent cells.Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the profiles of TNF receptors type 1 and 2 (TNFR1/2) co-expression was carried out in patients with RA (n = 16) before and after having inpatient effective therapy and in comparison with a group of healthy individuals (n = 21). We compared the number of receptors and the proportion of cells expressing the corresponding receptor using flow cytometry and studied the subpopulations of regulatory T cells, T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Results. In patients with RA, there is a significant redistribution of TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression on immunocompetent cells, while the intensity of changes is associated not only with disease severity indicators, but also with the therapy received. The key adaptive mechanism of the TNF system in long-term treatment refractory course of RA is a change in the proportion of double-positive TNFR1+TNFR2+ cells, while the effectiveness of therapy and clinical indicators of the disease severity are associated with individual variability in the parameters of type 2 receptors expression. Conclusions. The data obtained confirm the existence of a relationship between an imbalance in the expression of type 1 and type 2 TNF receptors on immunocompetent cells and the effectiveness of response to therapy. The identified patterns of typical changes in TNFR1/2 co-expression in RA can be used as potential therapeutic targets and predictive factors for the effectiveness of therapy.
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Chen J, Zhu G, Sun Y, Wu Y, Wu B, Zheng W, Ma X, Zheng Y. 7-deacetyl-gedunin suppresses proliferation of Human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast through activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108557. [PMID: 35247778 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an chronic autoimmune disease and characterized by high incidence. However, there is no effective therapies for RA. Therefore, it is urgent to discover new drugs for RA treatment. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor (Nrf2) can effectively protect against arthritic inflammatory diseases through diverse stages, such as regulating redox balance, detoxification, metabolism and inflammation. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), targets the Nrf2 pathway, was approved by FDA for the clinical treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is another autoimmune disease. The latest report shown that DMF ameliorates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Hence, Nrf2 serves as an important target for inflammation interference and oxidative stress of macrophages and RASFs in RA; therefore, it can be adopted as an effective therapeutic approach in the future. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) play crucial roles in the RA pathogenesis. Our results revealed that 7-deacetyl-gedunin (7-d-GDN), derived from fruits of Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem, significantly inhibited RASFs proliferation in dose- and time- dependent manners and inhibited cell viability in MH7A cells, which is a kind of immortal cell line from joints of patients with RA. Additionally, 7-d-GDN remarkably down-regulated MMP-1/3/9/13 in RASFs, IL-6 and IL-33 in MH7A cells. Besides, 7-d-GDN sharply inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RASFs. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that 7-d-GDN induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1(NQO1), which all participated in suppressing of oxidative stress. Additionally, 7-d-GDN increased sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62), causing down-regulating Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which resulting in NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cytoplasm accumulation and subsequently translocation into nucleus. Collectively, 7-d-GDN exerts the anti-inflammatory effect through regulating anti-oxidative enzymes via p62/ Nrf2/ARE signaling. All suggest that the potential of 7-d-GDN in suppression of inflammation, especially antagonizing RA severity. Our works support for drugs discovery in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianYu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1,Huatuo Road, Min hou shang jie, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - GuoYuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - YiBin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1,Huatuo Road, Min hou shang jie, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - YueChan Wu
- LiuHe Township Health Center, No.63, LiuHe Road, Qi Chun Liu He, Huang Gang 436328, China
| | - BaoKun Wu
- AIM Explorer Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Gemdale Viseem MinHang Technology & Industrial Park, No. 1288, Zhongchun Road, Minhang, ShangHai 201108, China
| | - WanTing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1,Huatuo Road, Min hou shang jie, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - XueQin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - YanFang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1,Huatuo Road, Min hou shang jie, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Klimak M, Nims RJ, Pferdehirt L, Collins KH, Harasymowicz NS, Oswald SJ, Setton LA, Guilak F. Immunoengineering the next generation of arthritis therapies. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:74-86. [PMID: 33823324 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunoengineering continues to revolutionize healthcare, generating new approaches for treating previously intractable diseases, particularly in regard to cancer immunotherapy. In joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), biomaterials and anti-cytokine treatments have previously been at that forefront of therapeutic innovation. However, while many of the existing anti-cytokine treatments are successful for a subset of patients, these treatments can also pose severe risks, adverse events and off-target effects due to continuous delivery at high dosages or a lack of disease-specific targets. The inadequacy of these current treatments has motivated the development of new immunoengineering strategies that offer safer and more efficacious alternative therapies through the precise and controlled targeting of specific upstream immune responses, including direct and mechanistically-driven immunoengineering approaches. Advances in the understanding of the immunomodulatory pathways involved in musculoskeletal disease, in combination with the growing emphasis on personalized medicine, stress the need for carefully considering the delivery strategies and therapeutic targets when designing therapeutics to better treat RA and OA. Here, we focus on recent advances in biomaterial and cell-based immunomodulation, in combination with genetic engineering, for therapeutic applications in joint diseases. The application of immunoengineering principles to the study of joint disease will not only help to elucidate the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis but will also generate novel disease-specific therapeutics by harnessing cellular and biomaterial responses. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: It is now apparent that joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis involve the immune system at both local (i.e., within the joint) and systemic levels. In this regard, targeting the immune system using both biomaterial-based or cellular approaches may generate new joint-specific treatment strategies that are well-controlled, safe, and efficacious. In this review, we focus on recent advances in immunoengineering that leverage biomaterials and/or genetically engineered cells for therapeutic applications in joint diseases. The application of such approaches, especially synergistic strategies that target multiple immunoregulatory pathways, has the potential to revolutionize our understanding, treatment, and prevention of joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Klimak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert J Nims
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lara Pferdehirt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sara J Oswald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lori A Setton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays central roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as it is regarded as an autoimmune disease. Clinical investigations revealed infiltrations of B cells in the synovium, especially those with ectopic lymphoid neogenesis, associate with disease severity. While some B cells in the synovium differentiate into plasma cells producing autoantibodies such as anti-citrullinated protein antibody, others differentiate into effector B cells producing proinflammatory cytokines and expressing RANKL. Synovial B cells might also be important as antigen-presenting cells. Synovial T cells are implicated in the induction of antibody production as well as local inflammation. In the former, a recently identified CD4 T cell subset, peripheral helper T (Tph), which is characterized by the expression of PD-1 and production of CXCL13 and IL-21, is implicated, while the latter might be mediated by Th1-like CD4 T cell subsets that can produce multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, and express cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin, granzymes and granulysin. CD8 T cells in the synovium are able to produce large amount of IFN-γ. However, the involvement of those lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of RA still awaits verification. Their antigen-specificity also needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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7
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Sakuragi T, Yamada H, Haraguchi A, Kai K, Fukushi JI, Ikemura S, Akasaki Y, Fujiwara T, Tsushima H, Tsutsui T, Kondo M, Yoshikai Y, Okada S, Nakashima Y. Autoreactivity of Peripheral Helper T Cells in the Joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2045-2051. [PMID: 33846228 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive CD4 T cells are thought to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, a subset of CD4 T cells that express high levels of programmed death-1 (PD-1) but are distinct from follicular helper T cells have been identified in the joints of RA patients and named peripheral helper T (Tph) cells. Because PD-1 is expressed on T cells chronically stimulated with the Ags, we tested a hypothesis that Tph cells are the pathogenic autoreactive CD4 T cells in RA. We found that human Tph cells in RA joints produce proinflammatory effector cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, in addition to B cell-helping cytokines, such as IL-21 and CXCL13. Flow cytometric analysis showed different bias of TCR Vβ usage between PD-1high Tph cells and PD-1low/neg CD4 T cells, including Th1 cells, in the joint or memory CD4 T cells in the peripheral blood, whereas there was little difference between the latter two subsets. In line with this, deep sequencing of TCR demonstrated an overlap of expanded clones between peripheral blood memory CD4 T cells and PD-1low/neg CD4 T cells but not Tph cells in the joint. Interestingly, Tph cells preferentially exhibited autologous MLR in vitro, which required recognition of self-MHC class II and was pronounced by blocking PD-1 signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that Tph cells are the pathogenic autoreactive CD4 T cells in RA, which expand locally in the joints and are regulated by PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; .,Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihisa Haraguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fukushi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikemura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoko Tsutsui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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Kaul NC, Mohapatra SR, Adam I, Tucher C, Tretter T, Opitz CA, Lorenz HM, Tykocinski LO. Hypoxia decreases the T helper cell-suppressive capacity of synovial fibroblasts by downregulating IDO1-mediated tryptophan metabolism. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1148-1158. [PMID: 31846032 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of RA is linked to local infiltration of immune cells and to changes in the phenotype of synovial fibroblasts. Synovial fibroblasts possess the capacity to suppress T cell responses through indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-mediated tryptophan metabolism. However, synovial fibroblasts from RA patients are restricted in this immune-modulatory function. Moreover, hypoxic conditions are detected within synovial tissues of RA patients, with oxygen tensions of only 3.2% O2. This study aims at investigating the effects of hypoxia on the interaction between T cells and synovial fibroblasts, particularly on the T cell-suppressive capacities of synovial fibroblasts. METHODS Synovial fibroblasts were cultured with Th cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (3% O2). Th cell proliferation was detected by flow cytometry. Tryptophan and kynurenine amounts were measured by HPLC. IDO1 expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation were quantified by real-time PCR or western blot, and cytokine secretion by ELISA. RESULTS Hypoxic conditions strongly diminished the Th cell-suppressive capacities of both OA synovial fibroblasts and RA synovial fibroblasts. Accordingly, IDO1 mRNA and protein expression, STAT1 phosphorylation and tryptophan metabolism were greatly reduced in OA synovial fibroblasts by hypoxia. MMP-3, IL-6, IL-10 and IFNγ secretion were significantly decreased under hypoxia in synovial fibroblast-Th cell co-cultures, while IL-17A levels were elevated. Supplementation with IFNγ, a well-known inducer of IDO1 expression, could rescue neither IDO1 expression nor Th cell suppression under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION Hypoxia strongly affected the crosstalk between synovial fibroblasts and Th cells. By reducing the efficiency of synovial fibroblasts to restrict Th cell proliferation and by increasing the expression of IL-17A, hypoxia might have implications on the pathophysiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie-Christin Kaul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- Brain Cancer Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabell Adam
- Brain Cancer Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Tucher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Theresa Tretter
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Lars-Oliver Tykocinski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital
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9
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El Shikh MEM, El Sayed R, Nerviani A, Goldmann K, John CR, Hands R, Fossati-Jimack L, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C. Extracellular traps and PAD4 released by macrophages induce citrullination and auto-antibody production in autoimmune arthritis. J Autoimmun 2019; 105:102297. [PMID: 31277965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the transition of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) systemic autoimmunity to the joints remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and synovial ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs) express peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in murine collagen induced arthritis (CIA) and synovial biopsies from RA patients. Moreover, peptidyl citrulline colocalized with macrophages in SLOs and ELSs, and depletion of macrophages in CIA decreased lymphoid tissue citrullination and serum anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibody (ACPA) levels. Furthermore, PAD was released from activated murine and RA synovial tissue and fluid (SF) macrophages which functionally deiminated extracellular proteins/peptides in vitro. Additionally, activated murine and SF macrophages displayed macrophage extracellular trap formation (METosis) and release of intracellular citrullinated histones. Moreover, presentation of citrullinated proteins induced ACPA production in vitro. Thus, lymphoid tissue macrophages contribute to self-antigen citrullination and ACPA production, indicating that their selective targeting would potentially ameliorate citrullination-dependent autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohey Eldin M El Shikh
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Riham El Sayed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alessandra Nerviani
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Katriona Goldmann
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christopher Robert John
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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10
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Takeuchi Y, Hirota K, Sakaguchi S. Synovial Tissue Inflammation Mediated by Autoimmune T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1989. [PMID: 31497022 PMCID: PMC6712680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells present in the synovial tissue secrete numerous inflammatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokines critical for the induction of chronic joint inflammation and bone destruction. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in the non-hematopoietic cell compartment are key inflammatory cells activated in inflamed joints and driving the disease; yet how synovial tissue inflammation is modulated by autoimmune T cells is not fully understood. In this review, mainly based on recent findings with a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune arthritis, we discuss the mechanism of Th17-mediated synovial tissue inflammation; that is, what environmental stimuli and arthritogenic self-antigens trigger arthritis, how arthritogenic T cells initiate joint inflammation by stimulating FLSs, and how the cellular sources of GM-CSF from lymphoid and tissue stromal cells in the synovium contribute to the development of arthritis. We also highlight possible plasticity of Th17 cells toward pathogenic GM-CSF producers, and the functional instability of regulatory T cells under inflammatory conditions in RA joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Strehl C, Ehlers L, Gaber T, Buttgereit F. Glucocorticoids-All-Rounders Tackling the Versatile Players of the Immune System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1744. [PMID: 31396235 PMCID: PMC6667663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids regulate fundamental processes of the human body and control cellular functions such as cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Moreover, endogenous glucocorticoids link the endocrine and immune system and ensure the correct function of inflammatory events during tissue repair, regeneration, and pathogen elimination via genomic and rapid non-genomic pathways. Due to their strong immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects on immune cells, tissues and organs, glucocorticoids significantly improve the quality of life of many patients suffering from diseases caused by a dysregulated immune system. Despite the multitude and seriousness of glucocorticoid-related adverse events including diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and infections, these agents remain indispensable, representing the most powerful, and cost-effective drugs in the treatment of a wide range of rheumatic diseases. These include rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, and connective tissue diseases, as well as many other pathological conditions of the immune system. Depending on the therapeutically affected cell type, glucocorticoid actions strongly vary among different diseases. While immune responses always represent complex reactions involving different cells and cellular processes, specific immune cell populations with key responsibilities driving the pathological mechanisms can be identified for certain autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids on various leukocyte populations, exemplarily portraying different autoimmune diseases as heterogeneous targets of glucocorticoid actions: (i) Abnormalities in the innate immune response play a crucial role in the initiation and perpetuation of giant cell arteritis (GCA). (ii) Specific types of CD4+ T helper (Th) lymphocytes, namely Th1 and Th17 cells, represent important players in the establishment and course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas (iii) B cells have emerged as central players in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (iv) Allergic reactions are mainly triggered by several different cytokines released by activated Th2 lymphocytes. Using these examples, we aim to illustrate the versatile modulating effects of glucocorticoids on the immune system. In contrast, in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders the pro-apoptotic action of glucocorticoids prevails, but their mechanisms differ depending on the type of cancer. Therefore, we will also give a brief insight into the current knowledge of the mode of glucocorticoid action in oncological treatment focusing on leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Strehl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Ehlers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Osteoimmunology: evolving concepts in bone-immune interactions in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:626-642. [PMID: 31186549 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In terrestrial vertebrates, bone tissue constitutes the 'osteoimmune' system, which functions as a locomotor organ and a mineral reservoir as well as a primary lymphoid organ where haematopoietic stem cells are maintained. Bone and mineral metabolism is maintained by the balanced action of bone cells such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes, yet subverted by aberrant and/or prolonged immune responses under pathological conditions. However, osteoimmune interactions are not restricted to the unidirectional effect of the immune system on bone metabolism. In recent years, we have witnessed the discovery of effects of bone cells on immune regulation, including the function of osteoprogenitor cells in haematopoietic stem cell regulation and osteoblast-mediated suppression of haematopoietic malignancies. Moreover, the dynamic reciprocal interactions between bone and malignancies in remote organs have attracted attention, extending the horizon of osteoimmunology. Here, we discuss emerging concepts in the osteoimmune dialogue in health and disease.
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Inoue T, Kohno M, Nagahara H, Murakami K, Sagawa T, Kasahara A, Kaneshita S, Kida T, Fujioka K, Wada M, Nakada H, Hla T, Kawahito Y. Upregulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 on fibroblast-like synoviocytes is associated with the development of collagen-induced arthritis via increased interleukin-6 production. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218090. [PMID: 31173610 PMCID: PMC6555509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3) is one of five receptors for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P/S1P3 signaling is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including bone metabolism, sepsis, cancer, and immunity. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are activated by several factors and promote abundant proinflammatory cytokine production and bone destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether S1P3 is associated with the development of autoimmune arthritis and the pathogenic function of FLSs. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and S1P3 knockout (S1P3-KO) collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were evaluated with respect to clinical and histological disease severity, along with the levels of anti-collagen antibodies and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). S1P3 expression in the synovium was analyzed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. FLSs isolated from CIA mice were activated with TNFα and S1P3 expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The role of S1P/S1P3 signaling in activated and non-activated FLSs was investigated by measuring cell proliferation and cyto/chemokine production by real-time RT-PCR and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Clinical and histological scores, and synovial IL-6 expression were significantly lower in S1P3-KO mice with CIA than in WT mice. Arthritic synovia had higher S1P3 expression than intact synovia and FLSs in arthritic joints expressed S1P3 in vivo. Primary cultured FLSs produced IL-6 in a time-dependent manner in response to S1P stimulation and exhibited higher levels of S1P3 expression after activation with TNFα. S1P3-induced production of IL-6 and MMP-3 was increased in FLSs pre-activated with TNFα. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that S1P3 expression is associated with the development of autoimmune arthritis via inflammation-induced increases in S1P/S1P3 signaling that increase production of IL-6 in FLSs. Inhibition of S1P/S1P3 signaling could open the door to the development of new therapies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Inoue
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Kohno
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hidetake Nagahara
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Murakami
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sagawa
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Kasahara
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunya Kaneshita
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kida
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujioka
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Wada
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yutaka Kawahito
- Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Yasuda K, Takeuchi Y, Hirota K. The pathogenicity of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:283-297. [PMID: 30891627 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Targeting the effector cytokines IL-17 and GM-CSF secreted by autoimmune Th17 cells has been shown to be effective for the treatment of the diseases. Understanding a molecular basis of Th17 differentiation and effector functions is therefore critical for the regulation of the pathogenicity of tissue Th17 cells in chronic inflammation. Here, we discuss the roles of proinflammatory cytokines and environmental stimuli in the control of Th17 differentiation and chronic tissue inflammation by pathogenic Th17 cells in humans and in mouse models of autoimmune diseases. We also highlight recent advances in the regulation of pathogenic Th17 cells by gut microbiota and immunometabolism in autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yasuda
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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An Extensive Study of the Functional Polymorphisms of Kinin-Kallikrein System in Rheumatoid Arthritis Susceptibility. Arch Rheumatol 2018; 33:33-38. [PMID: 29901003 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2018.6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to examine the following functional polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility: (i) the 587C>T of kininogen gene, (ii) the 287 bp Alu repeat insertion of angiotensin converting enzyme gene, (iii) the 9 bp insertion of bradykinin receptor 2 gene, (iv) the -58T>C of bradykinin receptor 2 gene, and (v) the -699G>C of bradykinin receptor 1 gene. Patients and methods The study included 136 RA patients (27 males; 109 females; mean age 60.8 years; range 39 to 75 years) and 149 ethnic matching controls (30 males, 119 females; mean age 56.2 years; range 35 to 78 years). Polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction assay was performed for 587C>T, -58T>C, and -699G>C. Results Rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls carried the wild type allele of 587C>T; therefore, produced the high molecular weight kininogen. No significant difference was observed in genotype or allele distribution of the studied functional polymorphisms between RA patients and controls. Conclusion Kinin-kallikrein system related genes might not be major RA susceptibility loci.
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Narayan N, Owen DR, Mandhair H, Smyth E, Carlucci F, Saleem A, Gunn RN, Rabiner EA, Wells L, Dakin SG, Sabokbar A, Taylor PC. Translocator Protein as an Imaging Marker of Macrophage and Stromal Activation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pannus. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1125-1132. [PMID: 29301931 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.202200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PET radioligands targeted to translocator protein (TSPO) offer a highly sensitive and specific means of imaging joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Through high expression of TSPO on activated macrophages, TSPO PET has been widely reported in several studies of RA as a means of imaging synovial macrophages in vivo. However, this premise does not take into account the ubiquitous expression of TSPO. This study aimed to investigate TSPO expression in major cellular constituents of RA pannus-monocytes, macrophages, fibroblastlike synoviocytes (FLS cells), and CD4-positive (CD4+) T lymphocytes (T cells)-to more accurately interpret TSPO PET signal from RA synovium. Methods: Three RA patients and 3 healthy volunteers underwent PET of both knees using the TSPO radioligand 11C-PBR28. Through 3H-PBR28 autoradiography and immunostaining of synovial tissue in 6 RA patients and 6 healthy volunteers, cellular expression of TSPO in synovial tissue was evaluated. TSPO messenger RNA expression and 3H-PBR28 radioligand binding was assessed using in vitro monocytes, macrophages, FLS cells, and CD4+ T cells. Results:11C-PBR28 PET signal was significantly higher in RA joints than in healthy joints (average SUV, 0.82 ± 0.12 vs. 0.03 ± 0.004; P < 0.01). Further, 3H-PBR28-specific binding in synovial tissue was approximately 10-fold higher in RA patients than in healthy controls. Immunofluorescence revealed TSPO expression on macrophages, FLS cells, and CD4+ T cells. The in vitro study demonstrated the highest TSPO messenger RNA expression and 3H-PBR28-specific binding in activated FLS cells, nonactivated M0 macrophages, and activated M2 reparative macrophages, with the least TSPO expression being in activated and nonactivated CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study was the first evaluation of cellular TSPO expression in synovium, with the highest TSPO expression and PBR28 binding being found on activated synovial FLS cells and M2 macrophages. TSPO-targeted PET may therefore have a unique sensitivity in detecting FLS cells and macrophage-predominant inflammation in RA, with potential utility for assessing treatment response in trials using novel FLS-cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Narayan
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R Owen
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet Mandhair
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Smyth
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Francesco Carlucci
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Azeem Saleem
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom; and.,Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Wells
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Afsie Sabokbar
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Th17 in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070073. [PMID: 28753982 PMCID: PMC5532581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-secreting helper CD4 T cells (Th17 cells) constitute a newly identified subset of helper CD4 T cells that play a key role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in its animal models. Recently, several models of spontaneous RA, which elucidate the mechanism of RA onset, have been discovered. These animal models shed new light on the role of Th17 in the development of autoimmune arthritis. Th17 cells coordinate inflammation and promote joint destruction, acting on various cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and osteoclasts. Regulatory T cells cannot control Th17 cells under conditions of inflammation. In this review, the pathogenic role of Th17 cells in arthritis development, which was revealed by the recent animal models of RA, is discussed.
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The Plasticity of Th17 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6070067. [PMID: 28698517 PMCID: PMC5532575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper T (Th) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been revealed that Th17 cells can shift to Th1 cells (i.e., “nonclassic Th1 cells”), which are reported to be more pathogenic than Th17 cells per se. Thus, the association of Th cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease has become more complicated. We recently reported using peripheral blood from untreated and early-onset RA patients that the ratio of CD161+Th1 cells (i.e., Th17-derived Th1 cells to CD161+Th17 cells) is elevated and that levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ)+Th17 cells are inversely correlated with levels of anti-CCP antibodies. Here, we review the plasticity of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of RA, suggesting possible implications for novel therapies.
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Evaluation of antigen-induced synovitis in a porcine model: Immunological, arthroscopic and kinetic studies. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:93. [PMID: 28388908 PMCID: PMC5384159 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synovitis is an inflammation-related disease linked to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, infections and trauma. This inflammation is accompanied by immune cells infiltration which initiates an inflammatory response causing pain, discomfort and affecting the normal joint function. The treatment of synovitis is based on the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs or biological agents such as platelet rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. However, the evaluation and validation of more effective therapies of synovitis requires the establishment of clinically relevant animal models. Results In this study, Large White pigs were pre-immunized to evaluate an antigen-induced synovitis. The immune monitoring of synovial fluids in this model allowed us the identification of IL-12p40 and T cell subsets as immune biomarkers. Moreover, the evolution of synovitis was performed by arthroscopic procedures and kinetic analysis. In summary, this paper describes an animal model of antigen-induced synovitis to be used in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory therapies. Conclusions The novelty of this paper lies in the development of a clinically relevant model of synovitis which permits the simultaneous evaluation of synovitis from an immunological, surgical and kinetic point of view. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1025-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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McGarry T, Biniecka M, Gao W, Cluxton D, Canavan M, Wade S, Wade S, Gallagher L, Orr C, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Resolution of TLR2-induced inflammation through manipulation of metabolic pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43165. [PMID: 28225071 PMCID: PMC5320554 DOI: 10.1038/srep43165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, immune cells activated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) have the ability to undergo a bioenergetic switch towards glycolysis in a manner similar to that observed in tumour cells. While TLRs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their role in regulating cellular metabolism in synovial cells, however, is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of TLR2-activation on mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in primary RA-synovial fibroblast cells (RASFC), and further determined the role of glycolytic blockade on TLR2-induced inflammation in RASFC using glycolytic inhibitor 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO). We observed an increase in mitochondrial mutations, ROS and lipid peroxidation, paralleled by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential in TLR2-stimulated RASFC. This was mirrored by differential regulation of key mitochondrial genes, coupled with alteration in mitochondrial morphology. TLR2-activation also regulated changes in the bioenergetic profile of RASFC, inducing PKM2 nuclear translocation, decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis and increased glycolysis:respiration ratio, suggesting a metabolic switch. Finally, using 3PO, we demonstrated that glycolytic blockade reversed TLR2-induced pro-inflammatory mechanisms including invasion, migration, cytokine/chemokine secretion and signalling pathways. These findings support the concept of complex interplay between innate immunity, oxidative damage and oxygen metabolism in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy McGarry
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika Biniecka
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wei Gao
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deborah Cluxton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary Canavan
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Wade
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Wade
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorna Gallagher
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carl Orr
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J. Veale
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Kerabala: a value-added ayurvedic formulation from virgin coconut oil inhibits pathogenesis in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 25:41-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee SY, Lee SH, Park SJ, Kim DJ, Kim EK, Kim JK, Yang SH, Park SH, Sung YC, Kim HY, Cho ML. (p40)2-Fc reduces immune-inflammatory response through the activation of T cells in collagen induced arthritis mice. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:36-43. [PMID: 27229912 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-12p40 homodimer, a natural antagonist of IL-12 and IL-23, performs an important role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines that is essential for Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Here, we reveal the therapeutic and immunosuppressive effect of the IL-12p40 subunit ((p40)2-Fc) in an experimental autoimmune arthritis model. We hypothesized that (p40)2-Fc may reduce the inflammatory response and the activation of T cells. In this study, we intraperitoneally injected (p40)2-Fc into collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice to identify whether (p40)2-Fc attenuates CIA severity. (p40)2-Fc reduced the development of CIA, joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. (p40)2-Fc also significantly decreased the concentration of serum immunoglobulin as well as the number of T cells and C II specific T cells. In addition, osteoclastogenesis in (p40)2-Fc treated mice was down-regulated compared to the mice treated with (p40)2-Fc control. We observed that (p40)2-Fc treatment alleviates arthritis in mice with CIA, reducing inflammation and osteoclast differentiation. These findings suggest that (p40)2-Fc can be a potential therapeutic approach for autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jeong Park
- Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Research Center for Viral Infectious Diseases and Control, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Chul Sung
- Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, World Class University, Pohang University of Science and Technology Biotechnology Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea.
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Shibasaki S, Karasaki M, Aburaya S, Morisaka H, Takeda Y, Aoki W, Kitano S, Kitano M, Ueda M, Sano H, Iwasaki T. A comparative proteomics study of a synovial cell line stimulated with TNF-α. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:418-24. [PMID: 27419047 PMCID: PMC4856420 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we used proteomic analysis to determine the protein profile in a synovial cell line, MH7A, established from patients with RA. Proteins were extracted from MH7A cells that were or were not stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and then analyzed on a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry system equipped with a unique long monolithic silica capillary. On the basis of the results of this proteomic analysis, we identified 2650 proteins from untreated MH7A cells and 2688 proteins from MH7A cells stimulated with TNF‐α. Next, we selected 269 differentially produced proteins that were detected only under TNF‐α stimulation, and classified these proteins by performing gene ontology analysis by using DAVID as a functional annotation tool. In TNF‐α‐stimulated MH7A cells, we observed substantial production of plasminogen‐activator inhibitor 2 and apoptosis‐regulating proteins such as BH3‐interacting domain death agonist, autophagy protein 5, apolipoprotein E, and caspase‐3. These results indicate that the upregulation of plasminogen‐activator inhibitor 2 and apoptosis‐regulating proteins in synovial cells in response to TNF‐α stimulation might represent a predominant factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shibasaki
- General Education Center Hyogo University of Health Sciences Kobe Japan
| | - Miki Karasaki
- General Education Center Hyogo University of Health Sciences Kobe Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aburaya
- Division of Applied Life Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Japan
| | - Hironobu Morisaka
- Division of Applied Life Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Japan
| | - Yumiko Takeda
- Division of Applied Life Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Japan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Japan
| | - Sachie Kitano
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Japan
| | - Masayasu Kitano
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Japan
| | - Hajime Sano
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iwasaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy Department of Pharmacy School of Pharmacy Hyogo University of Health Sciences Kobe Japan
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Mortarino PA, Goy DP, Abramson DB, Cabello J, Bumaguin GE, Vitelli EJ, Toledo J, Sarrio L, Pezzotto SM, Mardegan Issa JP, Cointry GR, Feldman S. Emerging therapy in arthritis: Modulation of markers of the inflammatory process. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:89-97. [PMID: 26748745 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The induction of tolerance has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for arthritis aiming to decrease progression of the pathology, probably by promoting suppressor mechanisms of the autoimmune response. This work aimed to confirm whether the treatment with vitamin D3 could synergize oral tolerance induced by hydrolyzed collagen peptides, in our experimental model of antigen induced arthritis in New Zealand rabbits. Clinical observation of the phenomenon indicates that simultaneous treatment with hydrolyzed collagen peptides and vitamin D3 was beneficial when compared with no treatment, for arthritic animals, and for arthritic animals that received treatment with only hydrolyzed collagen peptides or vitamin D3. Treatment with hydrolyzed collagen peptides caused diminished proinflammatory cytokine levels, an effect synergized significantly by the simultaneous treatment with vitamin D3. The anatomical-pathological studies of the animals that received both treatments simultaneously showed synovial tissues without lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrates, and without vascular proliferation. Some of the synovial tissue of the animals of these groups showed a slight decrease in Galectin-3 expression. We propose that simultaneous oral treatment with vitamin D3 and hydrolyzed collagen peptides could increase the immunoregulatory effect on the process of previously triggered arthritis. We used articular cartilage hydrolysate and not collagen II because peptides best expose antigenic determinants that could induce oral tolerance. Oral tolerance may be considered in the design of novel alternative therapies for autoimmune disease and we have herein presented novel evidence that the simultaneous treatment with vitamin D3 may synergize this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Mortarino
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D P Goy
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - D B Abramson
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J Cabello
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G E Bumaguin
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E J Vitelli
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J Toledo
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Sarrio
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S M Pezzotto
- INSTITUTO De Inmunología Clínica Y Experimental De Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - J P Mardegan Issa
- School of Dentistry, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G R Cointry
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Feldman
- Laboratorio De Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular Y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad De Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional De Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología Osteoarticular, Ingeniería Tisular y Terapias Emergentes (LABOATEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina and Consejo de Investigaciones de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CIUNR)-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
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Benson RA, McInnes IB, Brewer JM, Garside P. Cellular imaging in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 11:357-67. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Solomonsterol A, a marine pregnane-X-receptor agonist, attenuates inflammation and immune dysfunction in a mouse model of arthritis. Mar Drugs 2013; 12:36-53. [PMID: 24368568 PMCID: PMC3917259 DOI: 10.3390/md12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we provide evidence that solomonsterol A, a selective pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei, exerts anti-inflammatory activity and attenuates systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Solomonsterol A was effective in protecting against the development of arthritis induced by injecting transgenic mice harboring a humanized PXR, with anti-collagen antibodies (CAIA) with beneficial effects on joint histopathology and local inflammatory response reducing the expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IFNγ and IL-17 and chemokines MIP1α and RANTES) in draining lymph nodes. Solomonsterol A rescued mice from systemic inflammation were assessed by measuring arthritis score, CRP and cytokines in the blood. In summary, the present study provides a molecular basis for the regulation of systemic local and systemic immunity by PXR agonists.
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Zhao R. Immune regulation of bone loss by Th17 cells in oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:1195-202. [PMID: 24033116 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of T helper (Th) 17 cells in autoimmune diseases has been extensively studied recently, but its function in oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis remains undefined. This review aimed to explore the role of Th17 cells in regulating bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Biosis up to 1 February 2013 for immune regulation of oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis by Th17 cells. Terms relevant to immunity, oestrogen deficiency, osteoporosis and Th17 cells were used for database searching. Seventy-five papers met the predetermined searching criteria. RESULTS Studies indicate Th17 lineage to be a potent osteoclastogenic mediator in oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis. Oestrogen deficiency promotes osteoclastogenesis by up-regulating Th17 cell populations in bone marrow and IL-17 levels in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, transcription factors involved in Th17 cell differentiation, such as RORγt and RORα, are highly expressed in ovariectomized animals. Treatment with IL-17 significantly promotes production of RANKL, TNF and IL-6 as well as TRAP(+) cells in culture; blocking IL-17 pathway significantly reduces abundance of Th17 cells and effectively prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSIONS The main body of literatures suggests Th17 to be a critical modulator in the pathogenesis of oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis, which supports the notion that oestrogen-deficient osteoporosis is a complex interplay between oestrogen, osteoclastogenic cytokines and osteoclasts. In addition, therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17 networks may be clinically useful in treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Julovi SM, Shen K, Mckelvey K, Minhas N, March L, Jackson CJ. Activated protein C inhibits proliferation and tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated activation of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Mol Med 2013; 19:324-31. [PMID: 24096826 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibroblast proliferation is a hallmark of the invasive pannus in the rheumatoid joint. Activated protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant that exerts antiinflammatory and cyto-protective effects in various diseases via endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-mediated pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect and the underlying cellular signaling mechanisms of APC on proliferation of human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSFs). We found that APC stimulated proliferation of mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) by up to 60%, but robustly downregulated proliferation of RSFs. APC induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and enhanced expression of p21 and p27 in a dose-dependent manner in RSFs. The latter effect was inhibited by pre-treatment with the ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 but not by p38 inhibitor SB203580. In addition, APC significantly downregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-stimulated cell proliferation and activation of p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and Akt in RSFs. These results provide the first evidence that APC selectively inhibits proliferation and the inflammatory signaling pathways of RSFs. Thus, APC may reduce synovial hyperplasia and pannus invasion in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel M Julovi
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Kaitlin Shen
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Kelly Mckelvey
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Nikita Minhas
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Lyn March
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
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Lee A, Qiao Y, Grigoriev G, Chen J, Park-Min KH, Park SH, Ivashkiv LB, Kalliolias GD. Tumor necrosis factor α induces sustained signaling and a prolonged and unremitting inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:928-38. [PMID: 23335080 DOI: 10.1002/art.37853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nonresolving character of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a conundrum. To identify the contribution of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to the perpetuation of synovitis, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that govern the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-driven inflammatory program in human FLS. METHODS FLS obtained from the synovial tissues of patients with RA or osteoarthritis were stimulated with TNFα and assayed for gene expression and cytokine production by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NF-κB signaling was evaluated by Western blotting. Histone acetylation, chromatin accessibility, and NF-κB p65 and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) occupancy at the interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation and restriction enzyme accessibility assays. RESULTS In FLS, TNFα induced prolonged transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL-6 and progressive accumulation of IL-6 protein over 4 days. Similarly, induction of mRNA for CXCL8/IL-8, CCL5/RANTES, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), and MMP-3 after TNFα stimulation was sustained for several days. This contrasted with the macrophage response to TNFα, which characteristically involved a transient increase in the expression of proinflammatory genes. In FLS, TNFα induced prolonged activation of NF-κB signaling and sustained transcriptional activity, as indicated by increased histone acetylation, chromatin accessibility, and p65 and Pol II occupancy at the IL-6 promoter. Furthermore, FLS expressed low levels of the feedback inhibitors A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB activation 3 (ABIN-3), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3), which terminate inflammatory responses in macrophages. CONCLUSION TNFα signaling is not effectively terminated in FLS, which leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response. The results suggest that prolonged and sustained inflammatory responses by FLS in response to synovial TNFα contribute to the persistence of synovial inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lee
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York 10021, USA
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31
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Henriques A, Gomes V, Duarte C, Pedreiro S, Carvalheiro T, Areias M, Caseiro A, Gabriel AJ, Laranjeira P, Pais ML, da Silva JAP, Paiva A. Distribution and functional plasticity of peripheral blood Th(c)17 and Th(c)1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2093-9. [PMID: 23412693 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With the discovery of Th17 cells, it became unclear whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a Th1-mediated and/or a Th17-mediated disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the pro-inflammatory function of IL-17-producing T cell subsets (Th(c)17) in RA. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on peripheral blood from RA patients with inactive or low disease activity (LDA, n = 19) and moderate to high disease activity (HDA, n = 13) to analyze the number and functional activity of Th(c)17 and Th(c)1 cell subsets according to the frequency of IL-2-, TNF-α- and IFN-γ-producers cells, as well as, their cytokine amount. Additionally, 13 age-matched healthy volunteers were added to the study. Our data point to a slight increase in Tc17 frequency in RA patients, more evident in HDA, and a higher ability of Th17 to produce IL-17, whereas a lower production of TNF-α was noted either in Th17 or Tc17 cells, particularly from HDA. A similar decrease was observed in Th(c)1 for almost all studied pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the exception of IL-2, which was increased in Tc1 from LDA patients. Analysing the proportion of pro-inflammatory cytokines-producing cells, a polarization to a Tc1 phenotype seemed to occur in CD8 T cells, while CD4 T cells appear to be decreased in their frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells. Taken together, the functional plasticity features of Th17 and Tc17 cells suggest a particular contribution to the local cytokine production, pointing an underestimated role, namely of Tc1 and Tc17 cells, in the RA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques
- Centro do Sangue e da Transplantação de Coimbra, Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação, Edifício São Jerónimo, 4º Piso Praceta Mota Pinto, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
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Cytokine and Proteinase Inhibitors in the Modulation of Connective Tissue Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gheryani N, Coffelt SB, Gartland A, Rumney RMH, Kiss-Toth E, Lewis CE, Tozer GM, Greaves DR, Dear TN, Miller G. Generation of a novel mouse model for the inducible depletion of macrophages in vivo. Genesis 2012; 51:41-9. [PMID: 22927121 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an essential role in tissue homeostasis, innate immunity, inflammation, and wound repair. Macrophages are also essential during development, severely limiting the use of mouse models in which these cells have been constitutively deleted. Consequently, we have developed a transgenic model of inducible macrophage depletion in which macrophage-specific induction of the cytotoxic diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA) is achieved by administration of doxycycline. Induction of the DTA protein in transgenic animals resulted in a significant 50% reduction in CD68+ macrophages of the liver, spleen, and bone over a period of 6 weeks. Pertinently, the macrophages remaining after doxycycline treatment were substantially smaller and are functionally impaired as shown by reduced inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide. This inducible model of macrophage depletion can now be utilized to determine the role of macrophages in both development and animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeia Gheryani
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Ponchel F, Vital E, Kingsbury SR, El-Sherbiny YM. CD4+T-cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/ijr.11.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kennedy A, Fearon U, Veale DJ, Godson C. Macrophages in synovial inflammation. Front Immunol 2011; 2:52. [PMID: 22566842 PMCID: PMC3342259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial macrophages are one of the resident cell types in synovial tissue and while they remain relatively quiescent in the healthy joint, they become activated in the inflamed joint and, along with infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, regulate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes involved in driving the inflammatory response and joint destruction. Synovial macrophages are positioned throughout the sub-lining layer and lining layer at the cartilage–pannus junction and mediate articular destruction. Sub-lining macrophages are now also considered as the most reliable biomarker for disease severity and response to therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is a growing understanding of the molecular drivers of inflammation and an appreciation that the resolution of inflammation is an active process rather than a passive return to homeostasis, and this has implications for our understanding of the role of macrophages in inflammation. Macrophage phenotype determines the cytokine secretion profile and tissue destruction capabilities of these cells. Whereas inflammatory synovial macrophages have not yet been classified into one phenotype or another it is widely known that TNFα and IL-l, characteristically released by M1 macrophages, are abundant in RA while IL-10 activity, characteristic of M2 macrophages, is somewhat diminished. Here we will briefly review our current understanding of macrophages and macrophage polarization in RA as well as the elements implicated in controlling polarization, such as cytokines and transcription factors like NFκB, IRFs and NR4A, and pro-resolving factors, such as LXA4 and other lipid mediators which may promote a non-inflammatory, pro-resolving phenotype, and may represent a novel therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Kennedy
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin Conway Institute Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Studies on the immune regulation of osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis have promoted the new research field of 'osteoimmunology', which investigates the interplay between the skeletal and immune systems at the molecular level. Accumulating evidence lends support to the theory that bone destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis is caused by the enhanced activity of osteoclasts, resulting from the activation of a unique helper T cell subset, 'Th17 cells'. Understanding the interaction between osteoclasts and the adaptive immune system in rheumatoid arthritis and the molecular mechanisms of Th17 development will lead to the development of potentially effective therapeutic strategies.
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Osteoclasts in arthritis and Th17 cell development. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:543-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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De Almeida DE, Ling S, Pi X, Hartmann-Scruggs AM, Pumpens P, Holoshitz J. Immune dysregulation by the rheumatoid arthritis shared epitope. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1927-34. [PMID: 20592276 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with HLA-DRB1 alleles that code a five-amino acid sequence motif in positions 70-74 of the HLA-DRbeta-chain, called the shared epitope (SE). The mechanistic basis of SE-RA association is unknown. We recently found that the SE functions as an allele-specific signal-transducing ligand that activates an NO-mediated pathway in other cells. To better understand the role of the SE in the immune system, we examined its effect on T cell polarization in mice. In CD11c(+)CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs), the SE inhibited the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, a key enzyme in immune tolerance and T cell regulation, whereas in CD11c(+)CD8(-) DCs, the ligand activated robust production of IL-6. When SE-activated DCs were cocultured with CD4(+) T cells, the differentiation of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells was suppressed, whereas Th17 cells were expanded. The polarizing effects could be seen with SE(+) synthetic peptides, but even more so when the SE was in its natural tridimensional conformation as part of HLA-DR tetrameric proteins. In vivo administration of the SE ligand resulted in a greater abundance of Th17 cells in the draining lymph nodes and increased IL-17 production by splenocytes. Thus, we conclude that the SE acts as a potent immune-stimulatory ligand that can polarize T cell differentiation toward Th17 cells, a T cell subset that was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E De Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Jung MY, Kang SW, Kim SK, Kim HJ, Yun DH, Yim SV, Hong SJ, Chung JH. The interleukin-1 family gene polymorphisms in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 39:190-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03009740903447028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Chapter 8: Clusterin: A multifacet protein at the crossroad of inflammation and autoimmunity. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 104:139-70. [PMID: 19878776 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)04008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For years, clusterin has been recognized as a secreted protein and a large number of works demonstrated that this ubiquitously expressed protein has multiple activities. Among the described activities several were related to inflammation and immunity such as its regulatory activity on complement. Then it became clear that a nuclear form of the protein with proapoptotic property existed and more recently that a cytoplasmic form could regulate NF-kappaB pathway. Again, these activities have a strong repercussion in inflammation and immunity. On the other hand, data available on the exact role of CLU in these processes and autoimmunity were quite scarce until recently. Indeed, in the last few years, a differential CLU expression in subtype of T cells, the regulation of CLU expression by proinflammatory cytokines and molecules, the regulation of expression and function of CLU depending on its subcellular localization, the interaction of CLU with nuclear and intracellular proteins were all reported. Adding these new roles of CLU to the already reported functions of this protein allows a better understanding of its role and potential involvement in several inflammatory and immunological processes and, in particular, autoimmunity. In this sense, rheumatoid arthritis appears to be a very attractive disease to build a new paradigm of the role and function of CLU because it makes the link between proliferation, inflammation, and autoimmunity. We will try to see in this review how to bring altogether the old and new knowledge on CLU with inflammation and autoimmunity. Nevertheless, it is clear that CLU has not yet revealed all its secrets in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Abstract
Many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have been thought as Th1-mediated diseases. However, recent studies demonstrated critical roles of IL-17, which is produced by a newly identified subset of helper CD4T cells, Th17, in the development of murine models of autoimmune diseases. In addition, many biological functions of IL-17 fit very well with the pathology of RA joints. However, despite the presence of some reports detecting IL-17 in RA joints, the prevalence of Th17 cells in human RA had been largely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed Th17 cells in RA by intracellular staining methods. We found the frequency of IL-17-producing T cells was not increased in RA and was not correlated with disease activity of RA. Surprisingly, the frequency of CD4 T cells capable of IL-17 was decreased in the joints compared with PBL in each individual, whereas Th1 cells predominantly infiltrated in the joints. Taken together with the results of other reports measuring IL-17 production in RA, it seems premature to conclude that IL-17 is abundantly produced in RA joints. Further investigation on the involvement of Th17/IL-17 in human RA is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University
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Jin CH, Chae SY, Kim TH, Yang HK, Lee EY, Song YW, Jo DG, Lee KC. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on the reduction of joint inflammation in experimental rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:858-65. [PMID: 19933369 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.159517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the potential therapeutic effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and on the elucidation of the mechanisms involved. DBA/1J mice with established CIA were treated with various amount of recombinant soluble human TRAIL. The effects of TRAIL on the development and severity of CIA in this DBA/1J mouse model were assessed clinically and histologically, and a detailed investigation was conducted on proinflammatory cytokine and anticollagen-specific antibody levels. Cellular immunity was evaluated by investigating the proliferative responses and cytokine release profiles of splenocytes after TRAIL treatment. TRAIL treatment significantly reduced the severity and incidence of CIA, joint swelling, erythema, and edema. Histologic evaluations revealed that inflammatory cell infiltration, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion were significantly reduced in joints of TRAIL-treated mice with dose-dependent manner. TRAIL treatment also strongly decreased and/or normalized the productions of proinflammatory cytokines and of anti-collagen-specific antibodies in the sera of CIA mice. Furthermore, in vitro studies with primary splenocytes showed the cytotoxic effect of TRAIL on activated lymphocytes, with reduction of inflammatory cytokine release. These findings show that TRAIL administration is an effective anti-inflammatory treatment that prevents the development and progression of CIA in DBA/1J mice, and they suggest that TRAIL might be considered a potential treatment for human RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Jin
- Drug Targeting Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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van de Putte LBA, van Riel PLCM. Rheumatoid arthritis-changing theories and treatment modalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/17453679509157639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo B A van de Putte
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet L C M van Riel
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Osteoimmunology: crosstalk between the immune and bone systems. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:555-67. [PMID: 19585227 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interaction between the immune and skeletal systems has long been acknowledged, but investigation into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as the various bone phenotypes found in immunocompromised gene-deficient mice has highlighted the importance of the dynamic interplay between the two systems. This has led to the recent emergence and subsequent rapid evolution of the field of osteoimmunology. BONE DESTRUCTION WITH ARTHRITIS AS A RANKL DISEASE: In the bone destruction associated with RA, IL-17-producing helper T cells (T(H)17) play a major role by inducing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). RANKL stimulates osteoclastogenesis through nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is well known as a crucial regulator of immunity. NEW PLAYERS IN OSTEOIMMUNOLOGY In addition to cellular interactions via cytokines, the immune and skeletal systems share various molecules, including transcription factors, signaling molecules, and membrane receptors. CONCLUSION The scope of osteoimmunology has grown to encompass a wide range of molecular and cellular interactions, the elucidation of which will provide a scientific basis for future therapeutic approaches to diseases of both the immune and skeletal systems.
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Falgarone G, Semerano L, Rullé S, Boissier MC. Targeting lymphocyte activation to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2009; 76:327-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hamilton JA, Tak PP. The dynamics of macrophage lineage populations in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1210-21. [PMID: 19404968 DOI: 10.1002/art.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- Arthritis and Inflammation Research Centre, University of Melbourne and Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Differential influences of bucillamine and methotrexate on the generation of fibroblast-like cells from bone marrow CD34+ cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 9:86-90. [PMID: 19000788 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that bone marrow CD34+ cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients displayed abnormal capacities to respond to TNF-alpha and to differentiate into fibroblast-like cells producing MMP-1 (type B synoviocyte -like cells). The current study examined the effects of representative potent disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including bucillamine (BUC) and methotrexate (MTX) on the in vitro generation of fibroblast-like cells from RA bone marrow CD34+ cells. CD34+ cells purified from bone marrow specimens of 8 patients with active RA were cultured in the presence or absence of pharmacologically attainable concentrations of intramolecular disulfide form of bucillamine (BUC-ID, 3 microM), a major metabolite of BUC or MTX (20 nM). After incubation for 28 days, the generation of fibroblast-like cells was assessed under phase-contrast light microscopy and the concentrations of MMP-1 and VEGF in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. BUC-ID, but not MTX, significantly suppressed the generation of fibroblast-like cells from RA bone marrow CD34+ cells stimulated with SCF, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha (p=0.024 as determined by Wilcoxon signed rank test). Accordingly, BUC-ID, but not MTX, significantly suppressed the production of MMP-1 (p=0.017) and VEGF (p=0.017) by RA bone marrow CD34+ cells, without inhibition of beta2-microglobulin production. These results demonstrate that BUC-ID, but not MTX, is a potent inhibitor of differentiation of fibroblast-like cells from RA bone marrow CD34+ cells. Since MTX, but not BUC, has been previously shown to influence on type A synoviocytes, the data provide rationale of combination of BUC and MTX in the treatment of RA.
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Ellerby HM, Bredesen DE, Fujimura S, John V. Hunter-killer peptide (HKP) for targeted therapy. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5887-92. [PMID: 18828573 DOI: 10.1021/jm800495u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Michael Ellerby
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Mare Island, Vallejo, California 94592, USA
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