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Ibrahim MT, Gharieb EA, Sheta MS. A pedicled buccal periosteal flap for the closure of oro-antral fistula. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:440. [PMID: 38600501 PMCID: PMC11007963 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An oroantral fistula is a communication between the maxillary antrum and oral cavity. This pathological communication is formed mainly due to dental extraction of maxillary premolars and molars. Adequate management should include closing the oroantral fistula and eliminating sinus infections to prevent recurrence and sinusitis. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using the pedicled buccal periosteal flap for closing an oroantral fistula without changing the native intraoral structure. PATIENTS & METHODS Patients with oroantral fistulas were included in this study. The patients were examined clinically by Valsalva test and cheek-blowing test, the hole was probed, and the extent of the underlying bone defect was determined radiographically using computed tomography preoperatively. All patients underwent surgical closure of oroantral fistula using a pedicled buccal periosteal flap. RESULTS All 10 patients obtained satisfactory results with marked improvement in the function of the maxillary sinus and complete healing of oroantral fistula with no recurrence except in Case No. 5, who had a recurrence of the oroantral fistula, also there was no statistically significant difference between the vestibular depth preoperatively and postoperatively. CONCLUSION A pedicled buccal periosteal flap is a novel technique for oroantral fistula closure as it preserves vestibular depth with a tension-free closure flap and harbors the advantages of the regenerative potential of the periosteum. REGISTRATION DATE 14/8/2023 REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05987943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa T Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, El-Giesh St, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt.
| | - Eslam A Gharieb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tanta University, El-Giesh, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona S Sheta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, El-Giesh St, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
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2
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Wen W, Pang Y, Tian Y, Xu C, Wang J, Wu Y, Xie X. Osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells/progenitors in the periodontium. Oral Dis 2024; 30:914-920. [PMID: 36648363 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the major cause of tooth loss in adults and is mainly characterized by alveolar bone destruction. Elucidating the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/progenitor populations of alveolar bone formation will provide valuable insights into regenerative approaches to clinical practice, such as endogenous regeneration and stem-cell-based tissue engineering therapies. Classically, MSCs residing in the bone marrow, periosteum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and even the gingiva are considered to be osteogenic progenitors. Furthermore, the contributions of MSCs expressing specific markers, including Gli1, Axin2, PTHrP, LepR, and α-SMA, to alveolar bone formation have been studied using cell lineage tracing and gene knockout models. In this review, we describe the MSCs/progenitors of alveolar bone and the biological properties of different subpopulations of MSCs involved in alveolar bone development, remodeling, injury repair, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Zhang X, Deng C, Qi S. Periosteum Containing Implicit Stem Cells: A Progressive Source of Inspiration for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2162. [PMID: 38396834 PMCID: PMC10889827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The periosteum is known as the thin connective tissue covering most bone surfaces. Its extrusive bone regeneration capacity was confirmed from the very first century-old studies. Recently, pluripotent stem cells in the periosteum with unique physiological properties were unveiled. Existing in dynamic contexts and regulated by complex molecular networks, periosteal stem cells emerge as having strong capabilities of proliferation and multipotential differentiation. Through continuous exploration of studies, we are now starting to acquire more insight into the great potential of the periosteum in bone formation and repair in situ or ectopically. It is undeniable that the periosteum is developing further into a more promising strategy to be harnessed in bone tissue regeneration. Here, we summarized the development and structure of the periosteum, cell markers, and the biological features of periosteal stem cells. Then, we reviewed their pivotal role in bone repair and the underlying molecular regulation. The understanding of periosteum-related cellular and molecular content will help enhance future research efforts and application transformation of the periosteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Shengcai Qi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
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4
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Xiao Y, Xu RH, Dai Y. Nanoghosts: Harnessing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Membrane for Construction of Drug Delivery Platforms Via Optimized Biomimetics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304824. [PMID: 37653618 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are becoming hotspots for application in disease therapies recently, combining with biomaterials and drug delivery system. A major advantage of MSCs applied in drug delivery system is that these cells enable specific targeting and releasing of cargos to the disease sites. However, the potential tumor tropic effects of MSCs raised concerns on biosafety. To solve this problem, there are emerging methods of isolating cell membranes and developing nanoformulations to perform drug delivery, which avoids concerns on biosafety without disturbing the membrane functions of specific polarizing and locating. These cargoes are so called "nanoghosts." This review article summarizes the current applications of nanoghosts, the promising potential of MSCs to be applied in membrane isolation and nanoghost construction, and possible approaches to develop better drug delivery system harnessing from MSC ghost cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiao
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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5
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Steppe L, Megafu M, Tschaffon-Müller ME, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Fracture healing research: Recent insights. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101686. [PMID: 38163010 PMCID: PMC10757288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone has the rare capability of scarless regeneration that enables the complete restoration of the injured bone area. In recent decades, promising new technologies have emerged from basic, translational and clinical research for fracture treatment; however, 5-10 % of all bone fractures still fail to heal successfully or heal in a delayed manner. Several comorbidities and risk factors have been identified which impair bone healing and might lead to delayed bone union or non-union. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of successful and delayed fracture healing to gain further insights into this complex process. One focus of recent research is to investigate the complex interactions of different cell types and the action of progenitor cells during the healing process. Of particular interest is also the identification of patient-specific comorbidities and how these affect fracture healing. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge about progenitor cells for long bone repair and the influence of comorbidities such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and chronic stress on the healing process. The topic selection for this review was made based on the presented studies at the 2022 annual meeting of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) in Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Megafu
- A.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | | | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
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6
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Wells LM, Roberts HC, Luyten FP, Roberts SJ. Identifying Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 as a Mediator of Periosteal Osteochondral Differentiation through the Construction of microRNA-Based Interaction Networks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1381. [PMID: 37997980 PMCID: PMC10669632 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Human periosteum-derived progenitor cells (hPDCs) have the ability to differentiate towards both the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. This coordinated and complex osteochondrogenic differentiation process permits endochondral ossification and is essential in bone development and repair. We have previously shown that humanised cultures of hPDCs enhance their osteochondrogenic potentials in vitro and in vivo; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify novel regulators of hPDC osteochondrogenic differentiation through the construction of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks derived from hPDCs cultured in human serum or foetal bovine serum as an alternative in silico strategy to serum characterisation. Sixteen differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMis) were identified in the humanised culture. In silico analysis of the DEMis with TargetScan allowed for the identification of 1503 potential miRNA target genes. Upon comparison with a paired RNAseq dataset, a 4.5% overlap was observed (122 genes). A protein-protein interaction network created with STRING interestingly identified FGFR3 as a key network node, which was further predicted using multiple pathway analyses. Functional analysis revealed that hPDCs with the activating mutation FGFR3N540K displayed increased expressions of chondrogenic gene markers when cultured under chondrogenic conditions in vitro and displayed enhanced endochondral bone formation in vivo. A further histological analysis uncovered known downstream mediators involved in FGFR3 signalling and endochondral ossification to be upregulated in hPDC FGFR3N540K-seeded implants. This combinational approach of miRNA-mRNA-protein network analysis with in vitro and in vivo characterisation has permitted the identification of FGFR3 as a novel mediator of hPDC biology. Furthermore, this miRNA-based workflow may also allow for the identification of drug targets, which may be of relevance in instances of delayed fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M. Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
| | - Helen C. Roberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK;
| | - Frank P. Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre (SBE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Scott J. Roberts
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK;
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7
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Tong YW, Chen ACY, Lei KF. Analysis of Cellular Crosstalk and Molecular Signal between Periosteum-Derived Precursor Cells and Peripheral Cells During Bone Healing Process Using a Paper-Based Osteogenesis-On-A-Chip Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49051-49059. [PMID: 37846857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) are highly promising cell sources that are indispensable in the bone healing process. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are physiologically close to periosteum tissue and release multiple growth factors to promote the bone healing process. Co-culturing PDPCs and ADSCs can construct periosteum-bone tissue microenvironments for the study of cellular crosstalk and molecular signal in the bone healing process. In the current work, a paper-based osteogenesis-on-a-chip platform was successfully developed to provide an in vitro three-dimensional coculture model. The platform was a paper substrate sandwiched between PDPC-hydrogel and ADSC-hydrogel suspensions. Cell secretion could be transferred through the paper substrate from one side to another side. Growth factors including BMP2, TGF-β, POSTN, Wnt proteins, PDGFA, and VEGFA were directly analyzed by a paper-based immunoassay. Cellular crosstalk was studied by protein expression on the paper substrate. Moreover, osteogenesis of PDPCs was investigated by examining the mRNA expressions of PDPCs after culture. Neutralizing and competitive assays were conducted to understand the correlation between growth factors secreted from ADSCs and the osteogenesis of PDPCs. In vitro periosteum-bone tissue microenvironment was established by the paper-based osteogenesis-on-a-chip platform. The proposed approach provides a promising assay of cellular crosstalk and molecular signal in 3D coculture microenvironment that may potentially lead to the development of effective bone regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Chao-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center and Comprehensive Sports Medicine Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kin Fong Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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8
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Lin Q, Lin X. Cyclic mechanical stretch pre-stimulated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote the healing of infected bone defect in a mouse model. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300070. [PMID: 37365639 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) is an effective method to accelerate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. Here, CMS pre-stimulated bone marrow MSCs (CMS-BMSCs) was investigated, characterized and evaluated the therapeutic potential of CMS-BMSCs on the treatment of infected bone defect in mouse model. BMSCs were obtained from C57BL/6J mice and then subjected to CMS. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Alizarin Red staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The pre-stimulated BMSCs were transplanted into infected bone defect mice, osteogenesis, antibacterial effects, and inflammatory responses were examined. CMS significantly increased ALP activity and the expression of osteoblastic genes (col1a1, runx2, and bmp7) and enhanced osteogenic differentiation and nrf2 expression of BMSCs. Transplantation of CMS pre-stimulated BMSCs promoted the healing of infected bone defect in mice, enhanced antibacterial effects, and reduced inflammatory responses in the mid-sagittal section of the fracture callus. CMS pre-stimulated BMSCs enhance the healing of infected bone defects in a mouse model, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for treating infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Center for Trauma Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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9
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Moore ER, Maridas DE, Gamer L, Chen G, Burton K, Rosen V. A periosteum-derived cell line to study the role of BMP/TGFβ signaling in periosteal cell behavior and function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1221152. [PMID: 37799511 PMCID: PMC10547901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1221152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The periosteum is a thin tissue surrounding each skeletal element that contains stem and progenitor cells involved in bone development, postnatal appositional bone growth, load-induced bone formation, and fracture repair. BMP and TGFβ signaling are important for periosteal activity and periosteal cell behavior, but thorough examination of the influence of these pathways on specific cell populations resident in the periosteum is lacking due to limitations associated with primary periosteal cell isolations and in vitro experiments. Here we describe the generation of a novel periosteum-derived clonal cell (PDC) line from postnatal day 14 mice and use it to examine periosteal cell behavior in vitro. PDCs exhibit key characteristics of periosteal cells observed during skeletal development, maintenance, and bone repair. Specifically, PDCs express established periosteal markers, can be expanded in culture, demonstrate the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes, and exhibit an osteogenic response to physical stimulation. PDCs also engage in BMP and/or TGFβ signaling when treated with the activating ligands BMP2 and TGFβ-1, and in response to mechanical stimulation via fluid shear. We believe that this PDC line will be useful for large-scale, long-term experiments that were not feasible when using primary periosteal cells. Anticipated future uses include advancing our understanding of the signaling interactions that occur during appositional bone growth and fracture repair and developing drug screening platforms to discover novel growth and fracture healing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Moore
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Cabaña-Muñoz ME, Pelaz Fernández MJ, Parmigiani-Cabaña JM, Parmigiani-Izquierdo JM, Merino JJ. Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Oral Cavity and Surrounding Areas: Types and Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2109. [PMID: 37631323 PMCID: PMC10459416 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells are those obtained from the conformation of dental structures (DMSC), such as deciduous and permanent teeth and other surrounding tissues. Background: The self-renewal and differentiation capacities of these adult stem cells allow for great clinical potential. Because DMSC are cells of ectomesenchymal origin, they reveal a high capacity for complete regeneration of dental pulp, periodontal tissue, and other biomedical applications; their differentiation into other types of cells promotes repair in muscle tissue, cardiac, pancreatic, nervous, bone, cartilage, skin, and corneal tissues, among others, with a high predictability of success. Therefore, stem and progenitor cells, with their exosomes of dental origin and surrounding areas in the oral cavity due to their plasticity, are considered a fundamental pillar in medicine and regenerative dentistry. Tissue engineering (MSCs, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules) sustains and induces its multipotent and immunomodulatory effects. It is of vital importance to guarantee the safety and efficacy of the procedures designed for patients, and for this purpose, more clinical trials are needed to increase the efficacy of several pathologies. Conclusion: From a bioethical and transcendental anthropological point of view, the human person as a unique being facilitates better clinical and personalized therapy, given the higher prevalence of dental and chronic systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz
- CIROM—Centro de Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain; (M.E.C.-M.); (J.M.P.-C.); (J.M.P.-I.)
| | | | - José María Parmigiani-Cabaña
- CIROM—Centro de Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain; (M.E.C.-M.); (J.M.P.-C.); (J.M.P.-I.)
| | | | - José Joaquín Merino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (U.C.M), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Cao R, Chen B, Song K, Guo F, Pan H, Cao Y. Characterization and potential of periosteum-derived cells: an overview. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1235992. [PMID: 37554503 PMCID: PMC10405467 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1235992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a thin fibrous layer covering the bone surface, the periosteum plays a significant role in bone physiology during growth, development and remodeling. Over the past several decades, the periosteum has received considerable scientific attention as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) have emerged as a promising strategy for tissue engineering due to their chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities. Starting from the history of PDCs, the present review provides an overview of their characterization and the procedures used for their isolation. This study also summarizes the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic abilities of PDCs, serving as a reference about their potential therapeutic applications in various clinical scenarios, with particular emphasis on the comparison with other common sources of MSCs. As techniques continue to develop, a comprehensive analysis of the characterization and regulation of PDCs can be conducted, further demonstrating their role in tissue engineering. PDCs present promising potentials in terms of their osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic capacities. Further studies should focus on exploring their utility under multiple clinical scenarios to confirm their comparative benefit over other commonly used sources of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkai Cao
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haoxin Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Reshamwala R, Oieni F, Shah M. Non-stem Cell Mediated Tissue Regeneration and Repair. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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13
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Brown S, Malik S, Aljammal M, O'Flynn A, Hobbs C, Shah M, Roberts SJ, Logan MPO. The Prrx1eGFP Mouse Labels the Periosteum During Development and a Subpopulation of Osteogenic Periosteal Cells in the Adult. JBMR Plus 2022; 7:e10707. [PMID: 36751415 PMCID: PMC9893263 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of the cells that form the periosteum during development is controversial with current dogma suggesting these are derived from a Sox9-positive progenitor. Herein, we characterize a newly created Prrx1eGFP reporter transgenic mouse line during limb formation and postnatally. Interestingly, in the embryo Prrx1eGFP-labeled cells become restricted around the Sox9-positive cartilage anlage without themselves becoming Sox9-positive. In the adult, the Prrx1eGFP transgene live labels a subpopulation of cells within the periosteum that are enriched at specific sites, and this population is diminished in aged mice. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled subpopulation can be isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and represents approximately 8% of all isolated periosteal cells. The GFP-labeled subpopulation is significantly more osteogenic than unlabeled, GFP-negative periosteal cells. In addition, the osteogenic and chondrogenic capacity of periosteal cells in vitro can be extended with the addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the expansion media. We provide evidence to suggest that osteoblasts contributing to cortical bone formation in the embryo originate from Prrx1eGFP-positive cells within the perichondrium, which possibly piggyback on invading vascular cells and secrete new bone matrix. In summary, the Prrx1eGFP mouse is a powerful tool to visualize and isolate periosteal cells and to quantify their properties in the embryo and adult. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brown
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Saif Malik
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Aljammal
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Aine O'Flynn
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Scott J Roberts
- UCB PharmaSloughUK,Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Malcolm PO Logan
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Zelinka A, Roelofs AJ, Kandel RA, De Bari C. Cellular therapy and tissue engineering for cartilage repair. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1547-1560. [PMID: 36150678 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) has limited capacity for repair. The first attempt to repair cartilage using tissue engineering was reported in 1977. Since then, cell-based interventions have entered clinical practice in orthopaedics, and several tissue engineering approaches to repair cartilage are in the translational pipeline towards clinical application. Classically, these involve a scaffold, substrate or matrix to provide structure, and cells such as chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells to generate the tissue. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the use of various cell types, natural and synthetic scaffolds, multiphasic or gradient-based scaffolds, and self-organizing or self-assembling scaffold-free systems, for the engineering of cartilage constructs. Several challenges persist including achieving zonal tissue organization and integration with the surrounding tissue upon implantation. Approaches to improve cartilage thickness, organization and mechanical properties include mechanical stimulation, culture under hypoxic conditions, and stimulation with growth factors or other macromolecules. In addition, advanced technologies such as bioreactors, biosensors and 3D bioprinting are actively being explored. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of action of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches will help improve and refine therapy development. Finally, we discuss recent studies of the intrinsic cellular and molecular mechanisms of cartilage repair that have identified novel signals and targets and are inspiring the development of molecular therapies to enhance the recruitment and cartilage reparative activity of joint-resident stem and progenitor cells. A one-fits-all solution is unrealistic, and identifying patients who will respond to a specific targeted treatment will be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zelinka
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Dept. Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R A Kandel
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Dept. Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - C De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The periosteum, the outer layer of bone, is a major source of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) for bone repair. Here, we discuss recent findings on the characterization, role, and regulation of periosteal SSPCs (pSSPCs) during bone regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Several markers have been described for pSSPCs but lack tissue specificity. In vivo lineage tracing and transcriptomic analyses have improved our understanding of pSSPC functions during bone regeneration. Bone injury activates pSSPCs that migrate, proliferate, and have the unique potential to form both bone and cartilage. The injury response of pSSPCs is controlled by many signaling pathways including BMP, FGF, Notch, and Wnt, their metabolic state, and their interactions with the blood clot, nerve fibers, blood vessels, and macrophages in the fracture environment. Periosteal SSPCs are essential for bone regeneration. Despite recent advances, further studies are required to elucidate pSSPC heterogeneity and plasticity that make them a central component of the fracture healing process and a prime target for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perrin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Céline Colnot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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16
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Mosaddad SA, Rasoolzade B, Namanloo RA, Azarpira N, Dortaj H. Stem cells and common biomaterials in dentistry: a review study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:55. [PMID: 35716227 PMCID: PMC9206624 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells exist as normal cells in embryonic and adult tissues. In recent years, scientists have spared efforts to determine the role of stem cells in treating many diseases. Stem cells can self-regenerate and transform into some somatic cells. They would also have a special position in the future in various clinical fields, drug discovery, and other scientific research. Accordingly, the detection of safe and low-cost methods to obtain such cells is one of the main objectives of research. Jaw, face, and mouth tissues are the rich sources of stem cells, which more accessible than other stem cells, so stem cell and tissue engineering treatments in dentistry have received much clinical attention in recent years. This review study examines three essential elements of tissue engineering in dentistry and clinical practice, including stem cells derived from the intra- and extra-oral sources, growth factors, and scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Rasoolzade
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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17
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Vincent TL, Alliston T, Kapoor M, Loeser RF, Troeberg L, Little CB. Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology: Therapeutic Target Discovery may Require a Multifaceted Approach. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38:193-219. [PMID: 35410676 PMCID: PMC9107912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) has greatly increased through careful analysis of tissue samples, preclinical models, and large-scale agnostic "-omic" studies. There is broad acceptance that systemic and biomechanical signals affect multiple tissues of the joint, each of which could potentially be targeted to improve patient outcomes. In this review six experts in different aspects of OA pathogenesis provide their independent view on what they believe to be good tractable approaches to OA target discovery. We conclude that molecular discovery has been high but future transformative studies require a multidisciplinary holistic approach to develop therapeutic strategies with high clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Surgery and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda Troeberg
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
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18
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Bone Healing Materials in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Nonunions and Bone Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063352. [PMID: 35328773 PMCID: PMC8952383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The usual treatment for bone defects and recalcitrant nonunions is an autogenous bone graft. However, due to the limitations in obtaining autogenous bone grafts and the morbidity associated with their procurement, various bone healing materials have been developed in recent years. The three main treatment strategies for bone defects and recalcitrant nonunions are synthetic bone graft substitutes (BGS), BGS combined with bioactive molecules, and BGS and stem cells (cell-based constructs). Regarding BGS, numerous biomaterials have been developed to prepare bone tissue engineering scaffolds, including biometals (titanium, iron, magnesium, zinc), bioceramics (hydroxyapatite (HA)), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), biopolymers (collagen, polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL)), and biocomposites (HA/MONs@miR-34a composite coating, Bioglass (BG)-based ABVF-BG (antibiotic-releasing bone void filling) putty). Bone tissue engineering scaffolds are temporary implants that promote tissue ingrowth and new bone regeneration. They have been developed to improve bone healing through appropriate designs in terms of geometric, mechanical, and biological performance. Concerning BGS combined with bioactive molecules, one of the most potent osteoinductive growth factors is bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In recent years, several natural (collagen, fibrin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and alginate) and synthetic polymers (polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polylactic-coglycolide, poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly-p-dioxanone, and copolymers consisting of glycolide/trimethylene carbonate) have been investigated as potential support materials for bone tissue engineering. Regarding BGS and stem cells (cell-based constructs), the main strategies are bone marrow stromal cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal cells, periosteum-derived stem cells, and 3D bioprinting of hydrogels and cells or bioactive molecules. Currently, significant research is being performed on the biological treatment of recalcitrant nonunions and bone defects, although its use is still far from being generalized. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of biological treatments to solve recalcitrant nonunions and bone defects.
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Rajagopal K, Ramesh S, Madhuri V. Early Addition of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Regulates the Hypertrophic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cartilage 2021; 13:143S-152S. [PMID: 31896268 PMCID: PMC8804866 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519894727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hyaline cartilage is complicated by terminal hypertrophic differentiation. In growth plate, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (1-34) (PTHrP) plays a crucial role in maintaining chondrocytes in their proliferation state by counteracting the hypertrophic differentiation. This study aims to test the effect of PTHrP supplementation at different time points on chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and assess the final quality of differentiated chondrocytes. METHODS Human periosteum and bone marrow MSCs isolated from 3 patient samples (donor unmatched) were characterized by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation. The cells were differentiated into chondrocytes in the presence of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the PTHrP (1-34) was added from 4th or 14th day of culture. The outcome was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression. RESULTS Flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation confirmed that the cells isolated from periosteum and bone marrow exhibited the phenotype of MSCs. During chondrogenic differentiation, pellets that received PTHrP from the 4th day of culture showed a significant reduction in hypertrophic markers (COL10A1 and RUNX) than the addition of PTHrP from the 14th day and TGF-β alone treated samples. Furthermore, 4th day supplementation of PTHrP significantly improved the expression of cartilage-specific markers (COL2A1, SOX9, ACAN) in both periosteum and bone marrow-derived MSCs. Histology and immunostaining with collagen type X data corroborated the gene expression outcomes. CONCLUSION The outcome showed that supplementing PTHrP from the 4th day of chondrogenic differentiation produced better chondrocytes with less hypertrophic markers in both bone marrow and periosteal-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Rajagopal
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, a Unit of
InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
India,Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics,
Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, a Unit of
InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
India,Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics,
Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vrisha Madhuri
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, a Unit of
InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
India,Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics,
Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India,Vrisha Madhuri, Professor, Department of
Paediatric Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, First Floor, Paul Brand
Building, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Gangadaran P, Ranjan R, Jeyaraman N, Prajwal GS, Mishra PC, Rajendran RL, Ahn BC. Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Potential of Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Do They Hold the Key to the Future? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111133. [PMID: 34832915 PMCID: PMC8618036 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The periosteum, with its outer fibrous and inner cambium layer, lies in a dynamic environment with a niche of pluripotent stem cells for their reparative needs. The inner cambium layer is rich in mesenchymal progenitors, osteogenic progenitors, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts in a scant collagen matrix environment. Their role in union and remodeling of fracture is well known. However, the periosteum as a source of mesenchymal stem cells has not been explored in detail. Moreover, with the continuous expansion of techniques, newer insights have been acquired into the roles and regulation of these periosteal cells. From a therapeutic standpoint, the periosteum as a source of tissue engineering has gained much attraction. Apart from its role in bone repair, analysis of the bone-forming potential of periosteum-derived stem cells is lacking. Hence, this article elucidates the role of the periosteum as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells along with their capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for therapeutic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
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21
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111592. [PMID: 34769021 PMCID: PMC8584240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including but not limited to, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In addition to their progenitor characteristics, MSCs hold unique immunomodulatory properties that provide new opportunities in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and can serve as a promising tool in stem cell-based therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that deteriorates quality and function of the synovium membrane, resulting in chronic inflammation, pain and progressive cartilage and bone destruction. The mechanism of RA pathogenesis is associated with dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Current conventional treatments by steroid drugs, antirheumatic drugs and biological agents are being applied in clinical practice. However, long-term use of these drugs causes side effects, and some RA patients may acquire resistance to these drugs. In this regard, recently investigated MSC-based therapy is considered as a promising approach in RA treatment. In this study, we review conventional and modern treatment approaches, such as MSC-based therapy through the understanding of the link between MSCs and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, we discuss recent achievements in preclinical and clinical studies as well as various strategies for the enhancement of MSC immunoregulatory properties.
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22
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Li C, Fennessy P. The periosteum: a simple tissue with many faces, with special reference to the antler-lineage periostea. Biol Direct 2021; 16:17. [PMID: 34663443 PMCID: PMC8522104 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteum is a thin membrane covering bone surfaces and consists of two layers: outer fibrous layer and inner cambium layer. Simple appearance of periosteum has belied its own complexity as a composite structure for physical bone protection, mechano-sensor for sensing mechanical loading, reservoir of biochemical molecules for initiating cascade signaling, niche of osteogenic cells for bone formation and repair, and "umbilical cord" for nourishing bone tissue. Periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) have stem cell attributes: self-renewal (no signs of senescence until 80 population doublings) and multipotency (differentiate into fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myocytes). In this review, we summarized the currently available knowledge about periosteum and with special references to antler-lineage periostea, and demonstrated that although periosteum is a type of simple tissue in appearance, with multiple faces in functions; antler-lineage periostea add another dimension to the properties of somatic periostea: capable of initiation of ectopic organ formation upon transplantation and full mammalian organ regeneration when interacted with the covering skin. Very recently, we have translated this finding into other mammals, i.e. successfully induced partial regeneration of the amputated rat legs. We believe further refinement along this line would greatly benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, 1345 Pudong Rd., Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
| | - Peter Fennessy
- AbacusBio Limited, 442 Moray Place, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Influence of Human Jaw Periosteal Cells Seeded β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds on Blood Coagulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189942. [PMID: 34576103 PMCID: PMC8467579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers auspicious opportunities in oral and maxillofacial surgery to heal bone defects. For this purpose, the combination of cells with stability-providing scaffolds is required. Jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) are well suited for regenerative therapies, as they are easily accessible and show strong osteogenic potential. In this study, we analyzed the influence of uncoated and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds on JPC colonization and subsequent osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, interaction with the human blood was investigated. This study demonstrated that PLGA-coated and uncoated β-TCP scaffolds can be colonized with JPCs and further differentiated into osteogenic cells. On day 15, after cell seeding, JPCs with and without osteogenic differentiation were incubated with fresh human whole blood under dynamic conditions. The activation of coagulation, complement system, inflammation, and blood cells were analyzed using ELISA and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). JPC-seeded scaffolds showed a dense cell layer and osteogenic differentiation capacity on both PLGA-coated and uncoated β-TCP scaffolds. SEM analyses showed no relevant blood cell attachment and ELISA results revealed no significant increase in most of the analyzed cell activation markers (β-thromboglobulin, Sc5B-9, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-elastase). However, a notable increase in thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complex levels, as well as fibrin fiber accumulation on JPC-seeded β-TCP scaffolds, was detected compared to the scaffolds without JPCs. Thus, this study demonstrated that besides the scaffold material the cells colonizing the scaffolds can also influence hemostasis, which can influence the regeneration of bone tissue.
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24
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Pérez-Castrillo S, González-Fernández ML, Gutiérrez-Velasco L, Villar-Suárez V. Isolation and morphological characterization of equine mesenchymal stem cells from harvested adipose tissue and bone marrow and stably transfected with green fluorescent protein. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:770-776. [PMID: 34432512 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.9.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the ultrastructure of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that were harvested from the adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs) of horses and transfected with green fluorescent protein. SAMPLE MSCs from adipose tissue and bone marrow of 6 adult female Hispano-Bretón horses. PROCEDURES Harvested equine MSCs were cultivated and transfected with green fluorescent protein, and the immunophenotypes of the MSCs were characterized by use of anti-CD90 and anti-CD105 monoclonal antibodies. When stable transfection of MSCs was achieved, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of transfected and nontransfected AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs were compared with electron microscopy. RESULTS The protocols for transfection and subsequent isolation of transfected cells with use of G418 were suitable for obtaining transfected MSCs. Transfection efficiency was 5% in AT-MSCs and 4% in BM-MSCs. Characterization of transfected and nontransfected MSCs revealed that they share immunocytochemical and morphological profiles. Expression of CD90 was significantly higher for transfected versus nontransfected AT-MSCs (97% vs 92%). Expression of CD105 was significantly lower for transfected versus nontransfected BM-MSCs (85% vs 94%). Transfected BM-MSCs had differences in organelles, compared with the other cell types, specifically including most commonly the rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae and mitochondria. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings contribute to the knowledge base of the characteristics of equine AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs and of transfected versus nontransfected equine MSCs. The data provided a valuable starting point for researchers wishing to further study the morphological characteristics of equine MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Pérez-Castrillo
- 1From the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of León, Campus de Vega-zana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - María Luisa González-Fernández
- 1From the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of León, Campus de Vega-zana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Laura Gutiérrez-Velasco
- 1From the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of León, Campus de Vega-zana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Vega Villar-Suárez
- 2From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus de Vega-zana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
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25
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Van Beylen K, Papantoniou I, Aerts JM. Microcarrier Screening and Evaluation for Dynamic Expansion of Human Periosteum-Derived Progenitor Cells in a Xenogeneic Free Medium. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624890. [PMID: 34109163 PMCID: PMC8181150 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing need toward a more efficient expansion of adherent progenitor cell types arises with the advancements of cell therapy. The use of a dynamic expansion instead of a static planar expansion could be one way to tackle the challenges of expanding adherent cells at a large scale. Microcarriers are often reported as a biomaterial for culturing cells in suspension. However, the type of microcarrier has an effect on the cell expansion. In order to find an efficient expansion process for a specific adherent progenitor cell type, it is important to investigate the effect of the type of microcarrier on the cell expansion. Human periosteum-derived progenitor cells are extensively used in skeletal tissue engineering for the regeneration of bone defects. Therefore, we evaluated the use of different microcarriers on human periosteum-derived progenitor cells. In order to assess the potency, identity and viability of these cells after being cultured in the spinner flasks, this study performed several in vitro and in vivo analyses. The novelty of this work lies in the combination of screening different microcarriers for human periosteum-derived progenitor cells with in vivo assessments of the cells’ potency using the microcarrier that was selected as the most promising one. The results showed that expanding human periosteum-derived progenitor cells in spinner flasks using xeno-free medium and Star-Plus microcarriers, does not affect the potency, identity or viability of the cells. The potency of the cells was assured with an in vivo evaluation, where bone formation was achieved. In summary, this expansion method has the potential to be used for large scale cell expansion with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Van Beylen
- M3-BIORES: Measure, Model, and Manage Bioresponses, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Leuven, Belgium.,Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Jean-Marie Aerts
- M3-BIORES: Measure, Model, and Manage Bioresponses, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Branch EA, Matuska AM, Plummer HA, Harrison RM, Anz AW. Platelet-Rich Plasma Devices Can Be Used to Isolate Stem Cells From Synovial Fluid at the Point of Care. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:893-900. [PMID: 33010328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether point-of-care devices designed for collecting cellular components from blood or bone marrow could be used to isolate viable stem cells from synovial fluid. METHODS Male and female patients older than 18 years old with either an acute, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury or knee osteoarthritis (OA) with a minimum estimated 20 mL of knee effusion volunteered. Ten patients with an ACL injury and 10 patients with OA were enrolled. Two milliliters of collected synovial effusion were analyzed and cultured for cellular content. The remaining fluid was combined with whole blood and processed using a buffy-coat based platelet-rich plasma (PRP) processing system. Specimens were analyzed for cell counts, colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, differentiation assays, and flow cytometry. RESULTS ACL effusion fluid contained 42.1 ± 20.7 CFU/mL and OA effusion fluid contained 65.4 ± 42.1 CFU/mL. After PRP processing, the counts in ACL-PRP were 101.6 ± 66.1 CFU/mL and 114.8 ± 73.4 CFU/mL in the OA-PRP. Cells showed tri-lineage differentiation potential when cultured under appropriate parameters. When analyzed with flow cytometry, >95% of cells produced with culturing expressed cell surface markers typically expressed by known stem cell populations, specifically CD45-, CD73+, CD29+, CD44+, CD105+, and CD90+. CONCLUSIONS Multipotent viable stem cells can be harvested from knee synovial fluid, associated with an ACL injury or OA, and concentrated with a buffy coat-based PRP-processing device. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PRP devices can be used to harvest stem cells from effusion fluids. Methods to use effusion fluid associated with an ACL injury and OA should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Branch
- Andrews Research & Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze, Florida, U.S.A
| | | | - Hillary A Plummer
- Andrews Research & Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze, Florida, U.S.A
| | | | - Adam W Anz
- Andrews Research & Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze, Florida, U.S.A..
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27
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Pecin M, Stokovic N, Ivanjko N, Smajlovic A, Kreszinger M, Capak H, Vrbanac Z, Oppermann H, Maticic D, Vukicevic S. A novel autologous bone graft substitute containing rhBMP6 in autologous blood coagulum with synthetic ceramics for reconstruction of a large humerus segmental gunshot defect in a dog: The first veterinary patient to receive a novel osteoinductive therapy. Bone Rep 2021; 14:100759. [PMID: 33732816 PMCID: PMC7937538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of large segmental defects is one of the most challenging issues in bone repair biology. Autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS) containing rhBMP6 within autologous blood coagulum (ABC) with synthetic ceramics is a novel biocompatible therapeutic solution for bone regeneration. Case presentation A 2-year old dog was brought to the veterinary clinics due to pain and bleeding from the right front leg after being unintendedly hit by a gunshot. Radiological examination revealed a large, 3 cm long multisegmental defect of the humerus on the right front leg with a loss of anatomical structure in the distal portion of the bone. The defect was treated surgically and an external fixator was inserted to ensure immobilization. Complete lack of bone formation 3 months following surgery required a full reconstruction of the defect site with a novel ABGS (rhBMP6 in ABC with ceramic particles) to avoid front leg amputation. The healing was then followed for the next 16 months. The callus formation was observed on x-ray images 2 months following ABGS implantation. The bone segments progressively fused together leading to the defect rebridgment allowing removal of the external fixator by 4 months after the reconstruction surgery. At the end of the observation period, the function of the leg was almost fully restored while analyses of the humeral CT sections revealed restoration and cortices rebridgment with a renewal of uniform medullary canal including structural reconstruction of the distal humerus. Conclusion This large humeral gunshot segmental defect of the front leg in a dog was saved from amputation via inducing bone regeneration using a novel ABGS osteoinductive device containing BMP6 in ABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Pecin
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Stokovic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalia Ivanjko
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Smajlovic
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Kreszinger
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Capak
- Department of Radiology, Ultrasound Diagnostics and Physical Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Vrbanac
- Department of Radiology, Ultrasound Diagnostics and Physical Therapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Drazen Maticic
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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28
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Groeneveldt LC, Herpelinck T, Maréchal M, Politis C, van IJcken WFJ, Huylebroeck D, Geris L, Mulugeta E, Luyten FP. The Bone-Forming Properties of Periosteum-Derived Cells Differ Between Harvest Sites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:554984. [PMID: 33324630 PMCID: PMC7723972 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.554984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of alternatives for autologous bone grafts is a major focus of bone tissue engineering. To produce living bone-forming implants, skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are envisioned as key ingredients. SSPCs can be obtained from different tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, dental pulp, and periosteum. Human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) exhibit progenitor cell characteristics and have well-documented in vivo bone formation potency. Here, we have characterized and compared hPDCs derived from tibia with craniofacial hPDCs, from maxilla and mandible, respectively, each representing a potential source for cell-based tissue engineered implants for craniofacial applications. Maxilla and mandible-derived hPDCs display similar growth curves as tibial hPDCs, with equal trilineage differentiation potential toward chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic cells. These craniofacial hPDCs are positive for SSPC-markers CD73, CD164, and Podoplanin (PDPN), and negative for CD146, hematopoietic and endothelial lineage markers. Bulk RNA-sequencing identified genes that are differentially expressed between the three sources of hPDC. In particular, differential expression was found for genes of the HOX and DLX family, for SOX9 and genes involved in skeletal system development. The in vivo bone formation, 8 weeks after ectopic implantation in nude mice, was observed in constructs seeded with tibial and mandibular hPDCs. Taken together, we provide evidence that hPDCs show different profiles and properties according to their anatomical origin, and that craniofacial hPDCs are potential sources for cell-based bone tissue engineering strategies. The mandible-derived hPDCs display - both in vitro and in vivo - chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, which supports their future testing for use in craniofacial bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne C Groeneveldt
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Herpelinck
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Maréchal
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA-R In Silico Medicine, Université de Liége, Liège, Belgium.,Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eskeatnaf Mulugeta
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Wang J, Xu J, Wang X, Sheng L, Zheng L, Song B, Wu G, Zhang R, Yao H, Zheng N, Yun Ong MT, Yung PSH, Qin L. Magnesium-pretreated periosteum for promoting bone-tendon healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120576. [PMID: 33271449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periosteum can improve tendon-bone healing when applied to wrap the tendon graft in both animal studies and clinical trials. As magnesium (Mg) ions can significantly elevate the levels of relevant cytokines involving in the osteogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived stem cells, the Mg-pretreated periosteum may be an innovative approach for enveloping the tendon graft. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of Mg-pretreated periosteum (M - P) and the stainless steel (SS)-pretreated periosteum (SS-P) in ACL reconstruction. We firstly found that the released Mg ions from the Mg implants were partially accumulated in periosteum, resulting in higher Mg/Ca ratio in the M - P compared to the SS-P. Additionally, the M - P showed significantly higher expression levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and periostin than the SS-P due to the decrease in Cathepsin K (CTSK). Elevation of CGRP and periostin was beneficial for the osteogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived stem cells. More importantly, we demonstrated that the M - P remarkably increased the formation of fibrocartilage at the interface between the periosteum and tendon. Collectively, M - P group demonstrated significantly prevented peri-tunnel bone loss, more osseous ingrowth into the tendon graft and higher maximum load to failure as compared to the SS-P group. In summary, our study warrants further investigations for translating the current proof-of-concept findings to optimize the delivery of CGRP, periostin, and cells as novel practical therapeutic strategy for enhancing tendon-bone interface healing in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- Biomedical Engineering School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Liyuan Sheng
- Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, 518057, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ge Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ri Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hao Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Nianye Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Michael Tim Yun Ong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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30
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Lee EJ, Jain M, Alimperti S. Bone Microvasculature: Stimulus for Tissue Function and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:313-329. [PMID: 32940150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized organ, providing structural support to the body, and its development, regeneration, and remodeling depend on the microvascular homeostasis. Loss or impairment of vascular function can develop diseases, such as large bone defects, avascular necrosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteopetrosis. In this review, we summarize how vasculature controls bone development and homeostasis in normal and disease cases. A better understanding of this process will facilitate the development of novel disease treatments that promote bone regeneration and remodeling. Specifically, approaches based on tissue engineering components, such as stem cells and growth factors, have demonstrated the capacity to induce bone microvasculature regeneration and mineralization. This knowledge will have relevant clinical implications for the treatment of bone disorders by developing novel pharmaceutical approaches and bone grafts. Finally, the tissue engineering approaches incorporating vascular components may widely be applied to treat other organ diseases by enhancing their regeneration capacity. Impact statement Bone vasculature is imperative in the process of bone development, regeneration, and remodeling. Alterations or disruption of the bone vasculature leads to loss of bone homeostasis and the development of bone diseases. In this study, we review the role of vasculature on bone diseases and how vascular tissue engineering strategies, with a detailed emphasis on the role of stem cells and growth factors, will contribute to bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lee
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stella Alimperti
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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31
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Huang S, Jin M, Su N, Chen L. New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:357-375. [PMID: 33051970 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone possesses a remarkable repair capacity to regenerate completely without scar tissue formation. This unique characteristic, expressed during bone development, maintenance and injury (fracture) healing, is performed by the reparative cells including skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and their descendants. However, the identity and functional roles of SSCs remain controversial due to technological difficulties and the heterogeneity and plasticity of SSCs. Moreover, for many years, there has been a biased view that bone marrow is the main cell source for bone repair. Together, these limitations have greatly hampered our understanding of these important cell populations and their potential applications in the treatment of fractures and skeletal diseases. Here, we reanalyse and summarize current understanding of the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair and outline recent progress in this area, with a particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial process of fracture healing, the sources of reparative cells, an updated definition of SSCs, and markers of skeletal stem/progenitor cells contributing to the repair of craniofacial and long bones, as well as the debate between SSCs and pericytes. Finally, we also discuss the existing problems, emerging novel technologies and future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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32
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Isolation and Characterization of Human Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Popliteal Cyst. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:7416493. [PMID: 33014069 PMCID: PMC7519976 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7416493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells in adult tissues. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SF-MSCs) from the popliteal cyst fluid of pediatric patients. SF-MSCs were collected from the popliteal cyst fluid of pediatric patients during cystectomy surgery. After cyst fluid extraction and adherent culturing, in vitro morphology, growth curve, and cell cycle were observed. The expression of stem cell surface markers was analyzed by flow cytometry, and expression of cell marker protein was detected by immunofluorescence. SF-MSCs were cultured in osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation medium. The differentiation potential of SF-MSCs was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (Alizarin Red), Oil Red O, and Alcian blue. Antibody detection of human angiogenesis-related proteins was performed compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The results show that SF-MSCs from the popliteal cyst fluid of pediatric patients showed a shuttle appearance and logarithmic growth. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SF-MSCs were negative for hematopoietic lineage markers (CD34, CD45) and positive for MSC markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105). Interstitial cell marker (vimentin) and myofibroblast-like cell marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were positive. These cells could differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, respectively. Several types of human angiogenesis-related proteins were detected in the cell secretory fluid. These results show that we successfully obtained SF-MSCs from the popliteal cyst fluid of pediatric patients, which have the potential to be a valuable source of MSCs.
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33
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Lammens J, Maréchal M, Delport H, Geris L, Oppermann H, Vukicevic S, Luyten FP. A cell-based combination product for the repair of large bone defects. Bone 2020; 138:115511. [PMID: 32599225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative cell-based implants using periosteum-derived stem cells were developed for the treatment of large 3 cm fresh and 4.5 centimeter biological compromised bone gaps in a tibial sheep model and compared with an acellular ceramic-collagen void filler. It was hypothesized that the latter is insufficient to heal large skeletal defects due to reduced endogenous biological potency. To this purpose a comparison was made between the ceramic dicalciumphosphate scaffold (CopiOs®) as such, the same ceramic coated with clinical grade Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and 6 (BMP) only or a BMP coated cell-seeded combination product. These implants were evaluated in 2 sheep models, a fresh 3 cm critical size tibial defect and a 4.5 cm biologically exhausted tibial defect. For the groups in which growth factors were applied, BMP-6 was chosen at a dose of 344 μg for 3 cm and 1.500 μg or 3.800 μg for 4.5 cm defects. An additional group in the 4.5 cm defect was tested using BMP-2 in a dose of 1.500 μg. For all the cell based implants autologous periosteum-derived cells were used which were cultured in monolayer during 6 weeks. For the fresh defect 408 million cells and for the biologically exhausted tibial defect 612 million cells were drop-seeded on the BMP coated scaffolds. Bone healing was studied during 16 weeks postimplantation, using standard radiographs. While fresh defects responded to all treatments, regardless the use of cells, the biologically hampered defects responded in half of the cases and only if the BMP-cell combination product was used, supporting the concept that cell-based therapies may become attractive in treating defects with a compromised biological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lammens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering of the KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marina Maréchal
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering of the KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Delport
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering of the KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering of the KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium; Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In silico medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Hermann Oppermann
- Genera Research, Svetonedeljska cesta 2, 10436 Kalinovica, Sveta Nedelja, Croatia
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata ul. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering of the KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Exchange Cranioplasty Using Bioabsorbable Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Complex After Removal of an Extensive Frontal Bone Tumor in an Infant. World Neurosurg 2020; 142:375-378. [PMID: 32702496 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forehead reconstruction is challenging. Reconstruction of the innate curvature of the forehead is difficult, and the forehead is an esthetically important part of the face. Although synthetic implants and autologous split bone grafts are useful, these cannot be used in infants. CASE DESCRIPTION A 4-month-old girl was presented with a right frontal bone Ewing sarcoma. The tumor was removed, and the defect was reconstructed with an autologous contralateral parietal bone graft. The parietal bone defect was repaired with a bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite and collagen complex. Good reconstruction of the forehead and ossification of the donor site was achieved within 3 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS After removal of an extensive frontal bone tumor in an infant, exchange cranioplasty with an autograft using a bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite and collagen complex at the donor site yielded good results.
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35
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Van Beylen K, Youssef A, Peña Fernández A, Lambrechts T, Papantoniou I, Aerts JM. Lactate-Based Model Predictive Control Strategy of Cell Growth for Cell Therapy Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030078. [PMID: 32698462 PMCID: PMC7552707 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementing a personalised feeding strategy for each individual batch of a bioprocess could significantly reduce the unnecessary costs of overfeeding the cells. This paper uses lactate measurements during the cell culture process as an indication of cell growth to adapt the feeding strategy accordingly. For this purpose, a model predictive control is used to follow this a priori determined reference trajectory of cumulative lactate. Human progenitor cells from three different donors, which were cultivated in 12-well plates for five days using six different feeding strategies, are used as references. Each experimental set-up is performed in triplicate and for each run an individualised model-based predictive control (MPC) controller is developed. All process models exhibit an accuracy of 99.80% ± 0.02%, and all simulations to reproduce each experimental run, using the data as a reference trajectory, reached their target with a 98.64% ± 0.10% accuracy on average. This work represents a promising framework to control the cell growth through adapting the feeding strategy based on lactate measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Van Beylen
- Department of Biosystems, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, M3-BIORES: Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses Laboratory, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (K.V.B.); (A.Y.); (A.P.F.); (T.L.)
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ali Youssef
- Department of Biosystems, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, M3-BIORES: Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses Laboratory, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (K.V.B.); (A.Y.); (A.P.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Alberto Peña Fernández
- Department of Biosystems, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, M3-BIORES: Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses Laboratory, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (K.V.B.); (A.Y.); (A.P.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Toon Lambrechts
- Department of Biosystems, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, M3-BIORES: Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses Laboratory, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (K.V.B.); (A.Y.); (A.P.F.); (T.L.)
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH), 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Jean-Marie Aerts
- Department of Biosystems, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, M3-BIORES: Measure, Model & Manage Bioresponses Laboratory, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; (K.V.B.); (A.Y.); (A.P.F.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Baseri A, Bagheri MA, Rouhi G, Aghighi MR, Bagheri N. Fixation of distal tibia fracture through plating, nailing, and nailing with Poller screws: A comparative biomechanical-based experimental and numerical investigation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:1129-1138. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411920941664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate two commonly used methods of fixation of distal metaphyseal tibia fractures, plating and nailing as well as the less frequently employed nailing with Poller screws, from a biomechanical perspective. Despite numerous studies, the best method to repair fractures of tibia the remains up for of debate. This study includes an in vitro experimental phase on human cadaveric tibias followed by a finite element analysis. In the experimental phase, under partial weight-bearing axial loading, the axial stiffness of the bone-implant construct and interfragmentary movements for each of the fixation methods, bone-plate, bone-nail, and bone-nail-Poller screw, were measured and compared with each other. Shear interfragmentary movement and stress distribution in the bone-implant construct for the three mentioned fixation methods were also determined from FE models and compared with each other. Results of in vitro experiments, i.e., the exertion of axial loading on the tibia-plate, tibia-nail, and tibia-nail-Poller screw, showed that utilization of tibia-nail and tibia-nail-Poller screw led to a stiffer bone-implant construct, and consequently, lower interfragmentary movement, compared to the tibia-plate construct ( p values for tibia-nail and tibia-nail-Poller screw, and for both axial stiffness and interfragmentary movement, compared to those of tibia-plate construct, were less than 0.05). Numerical analyses showed that nailing produced less undesirable shear interfragmentary movement, compared to the plating, and application of a Poller screw decreased the shear movements, compared to tibia-nail. Furthermore, using the finite element analysis, maximum von Mises stress of adding a screw in tibia-nail, tibia-plate, and tibia-nail-Poller screw, was found to be: 51.5, 78.6, and 60.5 MPa, respectively. The results of this study suggested that from a biomechanical standpoint, nailing both with and without a Poller screw is superior to plating for the treatment of distal tibia fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Baseri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Bagheri
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rouhi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aghighi
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Bagheri
- Department of Orthopedic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Black C, Kanczler JM, de Andrés MC, White LJ, Savi FM, Bas O, Saifzadeh S, Henkel J, Zannettino A, Gronthos S, Woodruff MA, Hutmacher DW, Oreffo ROC. Characterisation and evaluation of the regenerative capacity of Stro-4+ enriched bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells using bovine extracellular matrix hydrogel and a novel biocompatible melt electro-written medical-grade polycaprolactone scaffold. Biomaterials 2020; 247:119998. [PMID: 32251928 PMCID: PMC7184676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many skeletal tissue regenerative strategies centre around the multifunctional properties of bone marrow derived stromal cells (BMSC) or mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC)/bone marrow derived skeletal stem cells (SSC). Specific identification of these particular stem cells has been inconclusive. However, enriching these heterogeneous bone marrow cell populations with characterised skeletal progenitor markers has been a contributing factor in successful skeletal bone regeneration and repair strategies. In the current studies we have isolated, characterised and enriched ovine bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (oBMSCs) using a specific antibody, Stro-4, examined their multipotential differentiation capacity and, in translational studies combined Stro-4+ oBMSCs with a bovine extracellular matrix (bECM) hydrogel and a biocompatible melt electro-written medical-grade polycaprolactone scaffold, and tested their bone regenerative capacity in a small in vivo, highly vascularised, chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and a preclinical, critical-sized ovine segmental tibial defect model. Proliferation rates and CFU-F formation were similar between unselected and Stro-4+ oBMSCs. Col1A1, Col2A1, mSOX-9, PPARG gene expression were upregulated in respective osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic culture conditions compared to basal conditions with no significant difference between Stro-4+ and unselected oBMSCs. In contrast, proteoglycan expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and adipogenesis were significantly upregulated in the Stro-4+ cells. Furthermore, with extended cultures, the oBMSCs had a predisposition to maintain a strong chondrogenic phenotype. In the CAM model Stro-4+ oBMSCs/bECM hydrogel was able to induce bone formation at a femur fracture site compared to bECM hydrogel and control blank defect alone. Translational studies in a critical-sized ovine tibial defect showed autograft samples contained significantly more bone, (4250.63 mm3, SD = 1485.57) than blank (1045.29 mm3, SD = 219.68) ECM-hydrogel (1152.58 mm3, SD = 191.95) and Stro-4+/ECM-hydrogel (1127.95 mm3, SD = 166.44) groups. Stro-4+ oBMSCs demonstrated a potential to aid bone repair in vitro and in a small in vivo bone defect model using select scaffolds. However, critically, translation to a large related preclinical model demonstrated the complexities of bringing small scale reported stem-cell material therapies to a clinically relevant model and thus facilitate progression to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Black
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J M Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - M C de Andrés
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Cartilage Epigenetics Group, Rheumatology Division, Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), Hospital Universitario de A Coruña-CHUAC, 15006 A Coruña ,Spain
| | - L J White
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - F M Savi
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia; Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - O Bas
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia; Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - S Saifzadeh
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - J Henkel
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - A Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia and Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia and Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M A Woodruff
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia; Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - R O C Oreffo
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Onizuka S, Yamazaki Y, Park SJ, Sugimoto T, Sone Y, Sjöqvist S, Usui M, Takeda A, Nakai K, Nakashima K, Iwata T. RNA-sequencing reveals positional memory of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from oral and maxillofacial tissue transcriptomes. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:417. [PMID: 32571211 PMCID: PMC7310078 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from numerous tissues and are attractive candidates for therapeutic clinical applications due to their immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative capacity. Although the minimum criteria for defining MSCs have been defined, their characteristics are known to vary depending on their tissue of origin. Results We isolated and characterized human MSCs from three different bones (ilium (I-MSCs), maxilla (Mx-MSCs) and mandible (Md-MSCs)) and proceeded with next generation RNA-sequencing. Furthermore, to investigate the gene expression profiles among other cell types, we obtained RNA-seq data of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and several types of MSCs (periodontal ligament-derived MSCs, bone marrow-derived MSCs, and ESCs-derived MSCs) from the Sequence Reads Archive and analyzed the transcriptome profile. We found that MSCs derived from tissues of the maxillofacial region, such as the jaw bone and periodontal ligament, were HOX-negative, while those derived from other tissues were HOX-positive. We also identified that MSX1, LHX8, and BARX1, an essential regulator of craniofacial development, were strongly expressed in maxillofacial tissue-derived MSCs. Although MSCs may be divided into two distinct groups, the cells originated from over the neck or not, on the basis of differences in gene expression profile, the expression patterns of all CD antigen genes were similar among different type of MSCs, except for ESCs. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MSCs from different anatomical locations, despite meeting general characterization criteria, have remarkable differences in gene expression and positional memory. Although stromal cells from different anatomical sources are generally categorized as MSCs, their differentiation potential and biological functions vary. We suggested that MSCs may retain an original tissue memory about the developmental process, including gene expression profiles. This could have an important impact when choosing an appropriate cell source for regenerative therapy using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Onizuka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yamazaki
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Sung-Joon Park
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugimoto
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sone
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Sebastian Sjöqvist
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Akira Takeda
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. .,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Al Hosni R, Shah M, Cheema U, Roberts HC, Luyten FP, Roberts SJ. Mapping human serum-induced gene networks as a basis for the creation of biomimetic periosteum for bone repair. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:424-435. [PMID: 32522398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The periosteum is a highly vascularized, collagen-rich tissue that plays a crucial role in directing bone repair. This is orchestrated primarily by its resident progenitor cell population. Indeed, preservation of periosteum integrity is critical for bone healing. Cells extracted from the periosteum retain their osteochondrogenic properties and as such are a promising basis for tissue engineering strategies for the repair of bone defects. However, the culture expansion conditions and the way in which the cells are reintroduced to the defect site are critical aspects of successful translation. Indeed, expansion in human serum and implantation on biomimetic materials has previously been shown to improve in vivo bone formation. AIM This study aimed to develop a protocol to allow for the expansion of human periosteum derived cells (hPDCs) in a biomimetic periosteal-like environment. METHODS The expansion conditions were defined through the investigation of the bioactive cues involved in augmenting hPDC proliferative and multipotency characteristics, based on transcriptomic analysis of cells cultured in human serum. RESULTS Master regulators of transcriptional networks were identified, and an optimized periosteum-derived growth factor cocktail (PD-GFC; containing β-estradiol, FGF2, TNFα, TGFβ, IGF-1 and PDGF-BB) was generated. Expansion of hPDCs in PD-GFC resulted in serum mimicry with regard to the cell morphology, proliferative capacity and chondrogenic differentiation. When incorporated into a three-dimensional collagen type 1 matrix and cultured in PD-GFC, the hPDCs migrated to the surface that represented the matrix topography of the periosteum cambium layer. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed a down-regulated WNT and TGFβ signature and an up-regulation of CREB, which may indicate the hPDCs are recreating their progenitor cell signature. CONCLUSION This study highlights the first stage in the development of a biomimetic periosteum, which may have applications in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawiya Al Hosni
- Department of Materials and Tissue, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore, UK
| | - Mittal Shah
- Department of Materials and Tissue, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Department of Materials and Tissue, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore, UK
| | - Helen C Roberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Tissue Engineering Centre, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Scott J Roberts
- Department of Materials and Tissue, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Stanmore, UK; Skeletal Biology and Tissue Engineering Centre, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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40
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Moon DK, Kim BG, Lee AR, In Choe Y, Khan I, Moon KM, Jeon RH, Byun JH, Hwang SC, Woo DK. Resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis from human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:203. [PMID: 32493422 PMCID: PMC7268497 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that leads to low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue and increases bone fractures. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has pleiotropic effects including anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol also has roles in increasing osteogenesis and in upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, it is still unclear that resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation or mitochondrial biogenesis of periosteum-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs), which play key roles in bone tissue maintenance and fracture healing. Thus, in order to test a possible preventive or therapeutic effect of resveratrol on osteoporosis, this study investigated the effects of resveratrol treatments on osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of PO-MSCs. Methods The optimal doses of resveratrol treatment on PO-MSCs were determined by cell proliferation and viability assays. Osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs under resveratrol treatment was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP, an early biomarker of osteogenesis) as well as by extracellular calcium deposit levels (a late biomarker). Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs was measured by quantifying both mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents. Results Resveratrol treatments above 10 μM seem to have negative effects on cell proliferation and viability of PO-MSCs. Resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) on PO-MSCs during osteogenic differentiation increased both ALP activities and calcium deposits compared to untreated control groups, demonstrating an enhancing effect of resveratrol on osteogenesis. In addition, resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs increased both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy numbers, indicating that resveratrol can bolster mitochondrial biogenesis in the process of PO-MSC osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion Taken together, the findings of this study describe the roles of resveratrol in promoting osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of human PO-MSCs suggesting a possible application of resveratrol as a supplement for osteoporosis and/or osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ram Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong In Choe
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The failure of bony union following a fracture, termed a fracture nonunion, has severe patient morbidity and economic consequences. This review describes current consensuses and future directions of investigation for determining why, detecting when, and effective treatment if this complication occurs. RECENT FINDINGS Current nonunion investigation is emphasizing an expanded understanding of the biology of healing. This has led to assessments of the immune environment, multiple cytokines and morphogenetic factors, and the role of skeletogenic stem cells in the development of nonunion. Detecting biological markers and other objective diagnostic criteria is also a current objective of nonunion research. Treatment approaches in the near future will likely be dominated by the development of specific adjunct therapies to the nonunion surgical management, which will be informed by an expanded mechanistic understanding of nonunion biology. Current consensus among orthopedists is that improved diagnosis and treatment of nonunion hinges first on discoveries at the bench side with later translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bradley Reahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Louis Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michael Kain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Cuthbert RJ, Jones E, Sanjurjo-Rodríguez C, Lotfy A, Ganguly P, Churchman SM, Kastana P, Tan HB, McGonagle D, Papadimitriou E, Giannoudis PV. Regulation of Angiogenesis Discriminates Tissue Resident MSCs from Effective and Defective Osteogenic Environments. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061628. [PMID: 32481579 PMCID: PMC7355658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The biological mechanisms that contribute to atrophic long bone non-union are poorly understood. Multipotential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key contributors to bone formation and are recognised as important mediators of blood vessel formation. This study examines the role of MSCs in tissue formation at the site of atrophic non-union. Materials and Methods: Tissue and MSCs from non-union sites (n = 20) and induced periosteal (IP) membrane formed following the Masquelet bone reconstruction technique (n = 15) or bone marrow (n = 8) were compared. MSC content, differentiation, and influence on angiogenesis were measured in vitro. Cell content and vasculature measurements were performed by flow cytometry and histology, and gene expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: MSCs from non-union sites had comparable differentiation potential to bone marrow MSCs. Compared with induced periosteum, non-union tissue contained similar proportion of colony-forming cells, but a greater proportion of pericytes (p = 0.036), and endothelial cells (p = 0.016) and blood vessels were more numerous (p = 0.001) with smaller luminal diameter (p = 0.046). MSCs showed marked differences in angiogenic transcripts depending on the source, and those from induced periosteum, but not non-union tissue, inhibited early stages of in vitro angiogenesis. Conclusions: In vitro, non-union site derived MSCs have no impairment of differentiation capacity, but they differ from IP-derived MSCs in mediating angiogenesis. Local MSCs may thus be strongly implicated in the formation of the immature vascular network at the non-union site. Attention should be given to their angiogenic support profile when selecting MSCs for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
| | - E. Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
| | - C. Sanjurjo-Rodríguez
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy, University of A Coruña, CIBER-BBN-Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña 15001, Spain
| | - A. Lotfy
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - P. Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
| | - S. M. Churchman
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
| | - P. Kastana
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 265 04, Greece; (P.K.); (E.P.)
| | - H. B. Tan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
| | - D. McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
| | - E. Papadimitriou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 265 04, Greece; (P.K.); (E.P.)
| | - P. V. Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Leeds LS16 7PS, UK; (R.J.C.); (E.J.); (C.S.-R.); (P.G.); (S.M.C.); (H.B.T.); (D.M.)
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-113-392-2750; Fax: +44-113-392-3290
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Xu GP, Zhang XF, Sun L, Chen EM. Current and future uses of skeletal stem cells for bone regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:339-350. [PMID: 32547682 PMCID: PMC7280866 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i5.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal skeleton undergoes growth, modeling, and remodeling. The human skeleton is a composite of diverse tissue types, including bone, cartilage, fat, fibroblasts, nerves, blood vessels, and hematopoietic cells. Fracture nonunion and bone defects are among the most challenging clinical problems in orthopedic trauma. The incidence of nonunion or bone defects following fractures is increasing. Stem and progenitor cells mediate homeostasis and regeneration in postnatal tissue, including bone tissue. As multipotent stem cells, skeletal stem cells (SSCs) have a strong effect on the growth, differentiation, and repair of bone regeneration. In recent years, a number of important studies have characterized the hierarchy, differential potential, and bone formation of SSCs. Here, we describe studies on and applications of SSCs and/or mesenchymal stem cells for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ping Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Er-Man Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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44
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Zhang T, Gao Y, Cui W, Li Y, Xiao D, Zhou R. Nanomaterials-based Cell Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:36-47. [PMID: 32436831 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200521083834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been applied to bone repair and regeneration. Due to the unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties, nanomaterials could promote stem cells osteogenic differentiation, which has great potentials in bone tissue engineering and exploiting nanomaterials-based bone regeneration strategies. In this review, we summarized current nanomaterials with osteo-induction ability, which could be potentially applied to bone tissue engineering. Meanwhile, the unique properties of these nanomaterials and their effects on stem cell osteogenic differentiation are also discussed. Furthermore, possible signaling pathways involved in the nanomaterials- induced cell osteogenic differentiation are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weitong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dexuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Mehrian M, Lambrechts T, Papantoniou I, Geris L. Computational Modeling of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Proliferation and Extra-Cellular Matrix Production in 3D Porous Scaffolds in a Perfusion Bioreactor: The Effect of Growth Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:376. [PMID: 32411692 PMCID: PMC7201129 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell expansion on 3D porous scaffolds cultured in bioreactor systems has been shown to be beneficial for maintenance of the original cell functionality in tissue engineering strategies (TE). However, the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) makes harvesting the progenitor cell population from 3D scaffolds a challenge. Medium composition plays a role in stimulating cell proliferation over extracellular matrix (ECM) production. In this regard, a computational model describing tissue growth inside 3D scaffolds can be a great tool in designing optimal experimental conditions. In this study, a computational model describing cell and ECM growth in a perfusion bioreactor is developed, including a description of the effect of a (generic) growth factor on the biological processes taking place inside the 3D scaffold. In the model, the speed of cell and ECM growth depends on the flow-induced shear stress, curvature and the concentrations of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and growth factor. The effect of the simulated growth factor is to differentially enhance cell proliferation over ECM production. After model calibration with historic in-house data, a multi-objective optimization procedure is executed aiming to minimize the total experimental cost whilst maximizing cell growth during culture. The obtained results indicate there are multiple optimum points for the medium refreshment regime and the initial growth factor concentration where a trade-off is made between the final amount of cells and the culture cost. Finally, the model is applied to experiments reported in the literature studying the effects of perfusion-based cell culture and/or growth factor supplementation on cell expansion. The qualitative similarities between the simulation and experimental results, even in the absence of proper model calibration, reinforces the generic character of the proposed modeling framework. The model proposed in this study can contribute to the cost efficient production of cell-based TE products, ultimately contributing to their affordability and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehrian
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Prometheus, The Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toon Lambrechts
- Prometheus, The Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,M3-BIORES, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, The Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICEHT), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Patras, Greece
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Prometheus, The Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Tournaire G, Stegen S, Giacomini G, Stockmans I, Moermans K, Carmeliet G, van Gastel N. Nestin-GFP transgene labels skeletal progenitors in the periosteum. Bone 2020; 133:115259. [PMID: 32036051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The periosteum is critical for bone repair and contains skeletal stem cells (SSCs), but these cells are still poorly characterized. In the bone marrow, cells expressing the Nes-GFP transgene have been described to be SSCs. Here, we investigated whether Nes-GFP expression also typifies SSCs in the periosteum. We show that in adult mice, Nes-GFP cells are present in the periosteum and localize closely to blood vessels, but periosteal Nes-GFP cells express SSC and progenitor markers differently compared to Nes-GFP cells in the bone marrow. Periosteal Nes-GFP cells show in vitro clonogenicity and tri-lineage differentiation potential and they can form bone in vivo. Shortly after fracture, they start to proliferate and they contribute to the osteoblast pool during the repair process. However, periosteal Nes-GFP cells are not slow dividing nor self-renewing in vivo. These results indicate that in adult mice, periosteal Nes-GFP expressing cells are skeletal progenitors rather than true SSCs, and they participate in the fracture healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tournaire
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greta Giacomini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Stockmans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Moermans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Expression and function of cartilage-derived pluripotent cells in joint development and repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:111. [PMID: 32160923 PMCID: PMC7066750 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage-derived pluripotent cells reside in hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. These cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation; can undergo adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis; and have been classified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) conforming to the minimal criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Cartilage tissue is prone to injury and is difficult to repair. As cartilage-derived pluripotent cells are the closest cell source to cartilage tissue, they are expected to have the strongest ability to differentiate into cartilage compared to other MSCs. This review focuses on the organizational distribution, expression, and function of cartilage-derived pluripotent cells in joint development and repair to help explore the therapeutic potential of in situ cartilage-derived pluripotent cells for joint cartilage repair.
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48
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Mehrian M, Lambrechts T, Marechal M, Luyten FP, Papantoniou I, Geris L. Predicting in vitro human mesenchymal stromal cell expansion based on individual donor characteristics using machine learning. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:82-90. [PMID: 31987754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have become attractive candidates for advanced medical cell-based therapies. An in vitro expansion step is routinely used to reach the required clinical quantities. However, this is influenced by many variables including donor characteristics, such as age and gender, and culture conditions, such as cell seeding density and available culture surface area. Computational modeling in general and machine learning in particular could play a significant role in deciphering the relationship between the individual donor characteristics and their growth dynamics. METHODS In this study, hMSCs obtained from 174 male and female donors, between 3 and 64 years of age with passage numbers ranging from 2 to 27, were studied. We applied a Random Forests (RF) technique to model the cell expansion procedure by predicting the population doubling time (PDT) for each passage, taking into account individual donor-related characteristics. RESULTS Using the RF model, the mean absolute error between model predictions and experimental results for the PDT in passage 1 to 4 is significantly lower compared with the errors obtained with theoretical estimates or historical data. Moreover, statistical analysis indicate that the PD and PDT in different age categories are significantly different, especially in the youngest group (younger than 10 years of age) compared with the other age groups. DISCUSSION In summary, we introduce a predictive computational model describing in vitro cell expansion dynamics based on individual donor characteristics, an approach that could greatly assist toward automation of a cell expansion culture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehrian
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liege, CHU - BAT 34, Quartier Hopital, Liege, Belgium; Prometheus, the Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toon Lambrechts
- Prometheus, the Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium; M3-BIORES, KU Leuven, Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Marechal
- Prometheus, the Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, the Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus, the Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Chemical Engineering Science, Foundation of Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liege, CHU - BAT 34, Quartier Hopital, Liege, Belgium; Prometheus, the Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1 (+8), Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bone Regeneration, Reconstruction and Use of Osteogenic Cells; from Basic Knowledge, Animal Models to Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010139. [PMID: 31947922 PMCID: PMC7019836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of the human skeleton's capacity for self-renewal occurs naturally with age. Osteoporosis affects millions worldwide, with current treatments including pharmaceutical agents that target bone formation and/or resorption. Nevertheless, these clinical approaches often result in long-term side effects, with better alternatives being constantly researched. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue are known to hold therapeutic value for the treatment of a variety of bone diseases. The following review summarizes the latest studies and clinical trials related to the use of MSCs, both individually and combined with other methods, in the treatment of a variety of conditions related to skeletal health. For example, some of the most recent works noted the advantage of bone grafts based on biomimetic scaffolds combined with MSC and growth factor delivery, with a greatly increased regeneration rate and minimized side effects for patients. This review also highlights the continuing research into the mechanisms underlying bone homeostasis, including the key transcription factors and signalling pathways responsible for regulating the differentiation of osteoblast lineage. Paracrine factors and specific miRNAs are also believed to play a part in MSC differentiation. Furthering the understanding of the specific mechanisms of cellular signalling in skeletal remodelling is key to incorporating new and effective treatment methods for bone disease.
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Nilsson Hall G, Mendes LF, Gklava C, Geris L, Luyten FP, Papantoniou I. Developmentally Engineered Callus Organoid Bioassemblies Exhibit Predictive In Vivo Long Bone Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902295. [PMID: 31993293 PMCID: PMC6974953 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of cell-based products is hampered by their limited predictive in vivo performance. To overcome this hurdle, engineering strategies advocate to fabricate tissue products through processes that mimic development and regeneration, a strategy applicable for the healing of large bone defects, an unmet medical need. Natural fracture healing occurs through the formation of a cartilage intermediate, termed "soft callus," which is transformed into bone following a process that recapitulates developmental events. The main contributors to the soft callus are cells derived from the periosteum, containing potent skeletal stem cells. Herein, cells derived from human periosteum are used for the scalable production of microspheroids that are differentiated into callus organoids. The organoids attain autonomy and exhibit the capacity to form ectopic bone microorgans in vivo. This potency is linked to specific gene signatures mimicking those found in developing and healing long bones. Furthermore, callus organoids spontaneously bioassemble in vitro into large engineered tissues able to heal murine critical-sized long bone defects. The regenerated bone exhibits similar morphological properties to those of native tibia. These callus organoids can be viewed as a living "bio-ink" allowing bottom-up manufacturing of multimodular tissues with complex geometric features and inbuilt quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Nilsson Hall
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue EngineeringSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenO&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 8133000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Luís Freitas Mendes
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue EngineeringSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenO&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 8133000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Charikleia Gklava
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue EngineeringSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenO&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 8133000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue EngineeringKU LeuvenO&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 8133000LeuvenBelgium
- GIGA In Silico MedicineUniversité de LiègeAvenue de l'Hôpital 11—BAT 344000Liège 1Belgium
- Biomechanics SectionKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 300C, PB 24193001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Frank P. Luyten
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue EngineeringSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenO&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 8133000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue EngineeringSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenO&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 8133000LeuvenBelgium
- Present address:
Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE‐HT)Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas (FORTH)Stadiou St.Platani26504PatrasGreece
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