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Kashif M, Hassan S, Aniq Younas M, Shafique A, Bhatti ZM, Dustgir A. Prevalence, workplace risk factors and coping strategies of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers in tertiary care hospitals. Work 2023; 74:237-245. [PMID: 36214010 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders cause a significant occupational problem for healthcare workers (HCWs). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the prevalence, associated occupational risk factors and coping strategies for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among HCWs working in five hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan. METHODS A previously used validated questionnaire, which consisted of four sections, including demographic information, occupational health questions, and associated occupational risk factors and coping strategies, was used as a survey tool to collect data on health workers working in five hospitals located in the Faisalabad District. RESULTS The finding of this study revealed that 7-day and 12-month prevalence rates of WMSDs were 1226 (83.45%) and 1107 (75.35%) respectively among HCWs and most common WMSDs was low back pain 576 (39.2%) followed by the neck 217 (15%) and ankles 186 (13%) according to body sites. The probability of developing WRMSDs was higher among physiotherapists (OR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.39-9.51), participants with rank 18 (OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 2.18-7.96), and HCWs who work in primary care (OR = 8.94, 95% CI: 3.47-23.04). The most important risk factor reported was treating an excessive number of patients in one day (66.8%). The main coping strategies reported in this study were to get someone else to help in handling a heavy patient (90%). CONCLUSIONS This study found that the most prevalent WMSD among HCWs was lower back pain. Sedentary lifestyle was shown to be a positive risk factor for acquiring WMSDs. Additionally, the primary risk factor discovered was treating an excessive number of patients, probably owing to a shortage of healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzaib Hassan
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aniq Younas
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ammar Shafique
- Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mehmood Bhatti
- Department of Physical Therapy, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Atif Dustgir
- Department of Physical Therapy, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
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Chronic pain in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases: users' questions answered. Pain 2021; 163:1675-1687. [PMID: 34862338 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The upcoming 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) will include a comprehensive classification of chronic pain for the first time, which is based on the biopsychosocial definition of chronic pain. This presents a great opportunity for pain research and clinical practice. The new classification consists of seven main diagnostic categories of chronic pain, which are further divided into increasingly specific levels of diagnoses. Each diagnosis is characterized by clearly defined operationalized criteria. Future users will need to familiarize themselves with the new system and its application. The aim of the present publication is to provide users of the ICD-11 chronic pain classification with answers to frequently asked questions regarding the ICD-11 as a whole, the ICD-11 chronic pain classification, and its application to common pain syndromes. The questions compiled here reached the International Association for the Study of Pain Task Force via different routes (e.g., at conferences, by letter, or during field testing). Furthermore, the authors collected questions posted to the ICD-11 browser and contacted early users of the classification to enquire about their most frequent difficulties when applying the new diagnoses. The authors of the present publication prepared answers to these frequently asked questions. This publication intends to act as a guide for the future users of the new ICD-11 chronic pain classification, hence facilitating its implementation.
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Lee WT, Lim SS, Kim J, Yun S, Yoon JH, Won JU. Work Schedule Irregularity and the Risk of Work-Related Injury among Korean Manual Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207617. [PMID: 33086683 PMCID: PMC7589804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Work schedules comprise various variables and generate health and safety outcomes, including work-related injury, which causes socioeconomic problems, such as productivity loss and damage to worker health. We investigated the association between work schedule irregularity and the incidence of work-related injury among South Korean manual workers using data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. In total, 18,330 manual workers were included. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to understand the association between work schedule and work-related injury and the influence of sufficient safety information and work schedule on work-related injury. We calculated the influence of an irregular work schedule on occupational injury after controlling for personal and work environment-related factors. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for work-related injury was 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–2.09) for an irregular work schedule. The interaction had an additive effect when the work schedule was irregular, even when sufficient safety information was provided. Manual workers had a higher incidence of injury (2.1%). Even in adjusted analyses, work schedule irregularity conferred greater risks of work injury, particularly when not working the same number of days weekly (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21–1.90). Policymakers and health professionals need to consider the impact of work schedule irregularity on worker safety and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-T.L.); (S.-S.L.); (J.K.); (S.Y.)
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sung-Shil Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-T.L.); (S.-S.L.); (J.K.); (S.Y.)
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-T.L.); (S.-S.L.); (J.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sehyun Yun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-T.L.); (S.-S.L.); (J.K.); (S.Y.)
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (W.-T.L.); (S.-S.L.); (J.K.); (S.Y.)
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-1579
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Hendi OM, Abdulaziz AA, Althaqafi AM, Hindi AM, Khan SA, Atalla AA. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and its Correlation to Physical Activity Among Health Specialty Students. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:48. [PMID: 31143422 PMCID: PMC6528423 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_436_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders is defined as a musculoskeletal strain reported by an individual. Physical activity prevents many disabling diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Low level of physical activity is associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. In Saudi Arabia and among medical students, lowest rates of physical activity were found. Our aim is to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its correlation to physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 392 health specialty students in Taif University was carried out from January 1 to March 1, 2018, using a predesigned questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, an International Physical Activity Questionnaires–short form to assess the level of physical activity, and Standardized Nordic Questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Results: Our study found that 64.8% of the students had musculoskeletal disorders. The highest prevalence was among medical students; 48.4% of them were having musculoskeletal disorders (P < 0.05). The most frequent region was the lower back (33.4%). There is a significant association between the musculoskeletal disorders and the level of physical activity, with 42.9% of the students with a moderate level of physical activity having musculoskeletal disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is higher among medical than pharmacy and health science students. Most of the affected students were having a moderate level of physical activity. Psychosocial stress seems to be a major contributor to musculoskeletal disorders, rather than physical activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obadah M Hendi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Abdulaziz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Althaqafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albaraa M Hindi
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Khan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A Atalla
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
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Søgaard K, Sjøgaard G. Physical Activity as Cause and Cure of Muscular Pain: Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2017; 45:136-145. [PMID: 28418998 PMCID: PMC5473374 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Work-related physical activity (PA), in terms of peak loads and sustained and/or repetitive contractions, presents risk factors for the development of muscular pain and disorders. However, PA as a training tailored to the employee's work exposure, health, and physical capacity offers prevention and rehabilitation. We suggest the concept of "Intelligent Physical Exercise Training" relying on evidence-based sports science training principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Bove GM, Harris MY, Zhao H, Barbe MF. Manual therapy as an effective treatment for fibrosis in a rat model of upper extremity overuse injury. J Neurol Sci 2016; 361:168-80. [PMID: 26810536 PMCID: PMC4729290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Key clinical features of carpal tunnel syndrome and other types of cumulative trauma disorders of the hand and wrist include pain and functional disabilities. Mechanistic details remain under investigation but may involve tissue inflammation and/or fibrosis. We examined the effectiveness of modeled manual therapy (MMT) as a treatment for sensorimotor behavior declines and increased fibrogenic processes occurring in forearm tissues of rats performing a high repetition high force (HRHF) reaching and grasping task for 12 weeks. Young adult, female rats were examined: food restricted control rats (FRC, n=12); rats that were trained for 6 weeks before performing the HRHF task for 12 weeks with no treatment (HRHF-CON, n=11); and HRHF task rats received modeled manual therapy (HRHF-MMT, n=5) for 5 days/week for the duration of the 12-week of task. Rats receiving the MMT expressed fewer discomfort-related behaviors, and performed progressively better in the HRHF task. Grip strength, while decreased after training, improved following MMT. Fibrotic nerve and connective tissue changes (increased collagen and TGF-β1 deposition) present in 12-week HRHF-CON rats were significantly decreased in 12-week HRHF-MMT rats. These observations support the investigation of manual therapy as a preventative for repetitive motion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Bove
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
| | - Michele Y Harris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Biostatistical Consulting Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Massicotte VS, Frara N, Harris MY, Amin M, Wade CK, Popoff SN, Barbe MF. Prolonged performance of a high repetition low force task induces bone adaptation in young adult rats, but loss in mature rats. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:204-17. [PMID: 26517953 PMCID: PMC4655973 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that prolonged repetitive reaching and grasping tasks lead to exposure-dependent changes in bone microarchitecture and inflammatory cytokines in young adult rats. Since aging mammals show increased tissue inflammatory cytokines, we sought here to determine if aging, combined with prolonged performance of a repetitive upper extremity task, enhances bone loss. We examined the radius, forearm flexor muscles, and serum from 16 mature (14-18 months of age) and 14 young adult (2.5-6.5 months of age) female rats after performance of a high repetition low force (HRLF) reaching and grasping task for 12 weeks. Young adult HRLF rats showed enhanced radial bone growth (e.g., increased trabecular bone volume, osteoblast numbers, bone formation rate, and mid-diaphyseal periosteal perimeter), compared to age-matched controls. Mature HRLF rats showed several indices of radial bone loss (e.g., decreased trabecular bone volume, and increased cortical bone thinning, porosity, resorptive spaces and woven bone formation), increased osteoclast numbers and inflammatory cytokines, compared to age-matched controls and young adult HRLF rats. Mature rats weighed more yet had lower maximum reflexive grip strength, than young adult rats, although each age group was able to pull at the required reach rate (4 reaches/min) and required submaximal pulling force (30 force-grams) for a food reward. Serum estrogen levels and flexor digitorum muscle size were similar in each age group. Thus, mature rats had increased bone degradative changes than in young adult rats performing the same repetitive task for 12 weeks, with increased inflammatory cytokine responses and osteoclast activity as possible causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky S Massicotte
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nagat Frara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michele Y Harris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mamta Amin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Christine K Wade
- Department of Physical Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Steven N Popoff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Xiao H, Stoecklin-Marois M, Li CS, McCurdy SA, Schenker M. Cohort study of physical activity and injury among Latino farm workers. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:737-45. [PMID: 25943698 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study characterized physical activity and its association with injury among Latino farm workers. METHODS An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect baseline and follow-up data on 843 and 640 Latino farm workers, respectively. Participants were 18-55 years old, engaged in farm work and residing in Mendota, CA at baseline interview. The questionnaire assessed self-reported physical activity and risk of injury. RESULTS The 12 month prevalence of injury decreased from 9.0% at baseline to 6.9% at follow up interview. In GEE models adjusted for age, follow-up time, gender, smoking, income and years working in agriculture, poor/fair self-assessed health status (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.18-2.82) and 2-3 hr per day of sitting/watching TV/using a computer (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.83) were significantly associated with injury. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity was not associated with injury in this population. Efforts to reduce injuries should focus on known risk factors such as poor health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Department of Public Health Sciences; School of Medicine; University of California; Davis California
| | - Maria Stoecklin-Marois
- Department of Public Health Sciences; School of Medicine; University of California; Davis California
| | - Chin-Shang Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences; School of Medicine; University of California; Davis California
| | - Stephen A. McCurdy
- Department of Public Health Sciences; School of Medicine; University of California; Davis California
| | - Marc Schenker
- Department of Public Health Sciences; School of Medicine; University of California; Davis California
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BARBE MF, JAIN NX, MASSICOTTE VS, POPOFF SN, BARR-GILLESPIE AE. Ergonomic task reduction prevents bone osteopenia in a rat model of upper extremity overuse. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2015; 53:206-221. [PMID: 25739896 PMCID: PMC4466874 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of ergonomic workload reduction of switching rats from a high repetition high force (HRHF) lever pulling task to a reduced force and reach rate task for preventing task-induced osteopenic changes in distal forelimb bones. Distal radius and ulna trabecular structure was examined in young adult rats performing one of three handle-pulling tasks for 12 wk: (1) HRHF, (2) low repetition low force (LRLF); or (3) HRHF for 4 wk and than LRLF thereafter (HRHF-to-LRLF). Results were compared to age-matched controls rats. Distal forelimb bones of 12-wk HRHF rats showed increased trabecular resorption and decreased volume, as control rats. HRHF-to-LRLF rats had similar trabecular bone quality as control rats; and decreased bone resorption (decreased trabecular bone volume and serum CTX1), increased bone formation (increased mineral apposition, bone formation rate, and serum osteocalcin), and decreased osteoclasts and inflammatory cytokines, than HRHF rats. Thus, an ergonomic intervention of HRHF-to-LRLF prevented loss of trabecular bone volume occurring with prolonged performance of a repetitive upper extremity task. These findings support the idea of reduced workload as an effective approach to management of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and begin to define reach rate and load level boundaries for such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F. BARBE
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University
School of Medicine, USA
| | - Nisha X. JAIN
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis,
USA
| | - Vicky S. MASSICOTTE
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University
School of Medicine, USA
| | - Steven N. POPOFF
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University
School of Medicine, USA
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Mascarenhas ALM, Fernandes RDCP. [How do physical fitness and heavy physical work interact in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders?]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2014; 30:2187-98. [PMID: 25388321 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00138512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study investigated the association between self-reported physical fitness and musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulder, or upper back among workers in 14 plastics factories in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Physical fitness was assessed on a scale from 0 to 5. Cases were defined as self-reported pain in the previous 12 months, lasting more than a week or having monthly minimum frequency, with restrictions at work or seeking medical care, or where respondents' severity was greater than 2 (on a scale from 0 to 5). Logistic regression was performed to investigate statistical interaction between physical fitness and physical demands from work in the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Precarious physical fitness resulted in 3.19 times greater odds of musculoskeletal disorders among workers exposed to light physical demands on the job. Among workers exposed to heavy physical demands, physical fitness failed to protect against musculoskeletal disorders. Heavy physical work was always associated with high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Despite the importance of physical fitness, physical exercise programs should not be used to replace improvements in working conditions.
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The role of the work context in multiple wellness outcomes for hospital patient care workers. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:899-910. [PMID: 21775897 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318226a74a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships among low back pain (LBP), inadequate physical activity, and sleep deficiency among patient care workers, and of these outcomes to work context. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of patient care workers (N = 1572, response rate = 79%). RESULTS A total of 53% reported LBP, 46%, inadequate physical activity, and 59%, sleep deficiency. Inadequate physical activity and sleep deficiency were associated (P = 0.02), but LBP was not significantly related to either. Increased risk of LBP was significantly related to job demands, harassment at work, decreased supervisor support, and job title. Inadequate physical activity was significantly associated with low decision latitude. Sleep deficiency was significantly related to low supervisor support, harassment at work, low ergonomic practices, people-oriented culture, and job title. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to shared pathways in the work environment that jointly influence multiple health and well-being outcomes.
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Janssen M, Toussaint HM, Van Willem M, Verhagen EALM. PLAYgrounds: effect of a PE playground program in primary schools on PA levels during recess in 6 to 12 year old children. Design of a prospective controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:282. [PMID: 21548998 PMCID: PMC3100255 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative number of children meeting the minimal required dose of daily physical activity remains execrably low. It has been estimated that in 2015 one out of five children will be overweight. Therefore, low levels of physical activity during early childhood may compromise the current and future health and well-being of the population, and promoting physical activity in younger children is a major public health priority. This study is to gain insight into effects of a Physical Education based playground program on the PA levels during recess in primary school children aged 6-12. METHODS/DESIGN The effectiveness of the intervention program will be evaluated using a prospective controlled trial design in which schools will be matched, with a follow-up of one school year. The research population will consist of 6-12 year old primary school children. The intervention program will be aimed at improving physical activity levels and will consist of a multi-component alteration of the schools' playground. In addition, playground usage will be increased through altered time management of recess times, as well as a modification of the Physical Education content. DISCUSSION The effects of the intervention on physical activity levels during recess (primary outcome measure), overall daily physical activity and changes in physical fitness (secondary outcome measures) will be assessed. Results of this study could possibly lead to changes in the current playground system of primary schools and provide structured health promotion for future public health. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR2386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirka Janssen
- Academy of Physical Education, Technical University of Applied Sciences of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub M Toussaint
- Academy of Physical Education, Technical University of Applied Sciences of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mechelen Van Willem
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Public & Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert ALM Verhagen
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Department of Public & Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xin DL, Harris MY, Wade CK, Amin M, Barr AE, Barbe MF. Aging enhances serum cytokine response but not task-induced grip strength declines in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:63. [PMID: 21447183 PMCID: PMC3072947 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported early tissue injury, increased serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines and decreased grip in young rats performing a moderate demand repetitive task. The tissue cytokine response was transient, the serum response and decreased grip were still evident by 8 weeks. Thus, here, we examined their levels at 12 weeks in young rats. Since aging is known to enhance serum cytokine levels, we also examined aged rats. Methods Aged and young rats, 14 mo and 2.5 mo of age at onset, respectfully, were trained 15 min/day for 4 weeks, and then performed a high repetition, low force (HRLF) reaching and grasping task for 2 hours/day, for 12 weeks. Serum was assayed for 6 cytokines: IL-1alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, MIP2, IL-10. Grip strength was assayed, since we have previously shown an inverse correlation between grip strength and serum inflammatory cytokines. Results were compared to naïve (grip), and normal, food-restricted and trained-only controls. Results Serum cytokines were higher overall in aged than young rats, with increases in IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-6 in aged Trained and 12-week HRLF rats, compared to young Trained and HRLF rats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively, each). IL-6 was also increased in aged 12-week HRLF versus aged normal controls (p < 0.05). Serum IFN-gamma and MIP2 levels were also increased in young 6-week HRLF rats, but no cytokines were above baseline levels in young 12-week HRLF rats. Grip strength declined in both young and aged 12-week HRLF rats, compared to naïve and normal controls (p < 0.05 each), but these declines correlated only with IL-6 levels in aged rats (r = -0.39). Conclusion Aging enhanced a serum cytokine response in general, a response that was even greater with repetitive task performance. Grip strength was adversely affected by task performance in both age groups, but was apparently influenced by factors other than serum cytokine levels in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong L Xin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad St,, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Elliott M, Barr A, Clark B, Wade C, Barbe M. Performance of a repetitive task by aged rats leads to median neuropathy and spinal cord inflammation with associated sensorimotor declines. Neuroscience 2010; 170:929-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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