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Chevet B, Figueroa-Parra G, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Hocaoglu M, Vallejo S, Osei-Onomah SA, Giblon RE, Dabit JY, Chamberlain AM, Cornec D, Greenlund KJ, Barbour KE, Crowson CS, Duarte-García A. Health Care Utilization in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Community: The Lupus Midwest Network. J Clin Rheumatol 2023; 29:29-35. [PMID: 36251449 PMCID: PMC10848208 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine inpatient health care utilization in an incident cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with the general population. METHODS This was a population-based cohort study in the upper Midwest, United States. We included patients fulfilling the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria between 1995 and 2018. They were 1:1 age-, sex-, county-matched with individuals without SLE. All hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits were electronically retrieved for 1995-2020. Rates for hospital admission, length of stay, readmission, ED visits, and discharge destination were compared between groups. RESULTS Three hundred forty-one patients with SLE and 341 comparators without SLE were included (mean age, 48.6 years at diagnosis; 79.2% female). Rates of hospitalization for patients with SLE and comparators were 29.8 and 9.9 per 100 person-years, respectively. These differences were present across sexes and age groups. Hospitalization rates were higher in patients with SLE after diagnosis and remained higher than comparators for the first 15 years of the disease. Patients with SLE were more likely than comparators to visit the ED (hazard ratio, 2.71; 95% confidence interval, 2.05-3.59). Readmission rates (32% vs. 21%, p = 0.017) were higher in patients with SLE. Length of stay and discharge destination were similar between both groups. CONCLUSION Patients with SLE were more likely to be hospitalized and to visit the ED than individuals without SLE, highlighting important inpatient care needs. Increased hospitalization rates were observed in both male and female patients and all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehmet Hocaoglu
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Rachel E Giblon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jesse Y Dabit
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Divi Cornec
- Division of Rheumatology, Brest Teaching Hospital, LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Kurt J Greenlund
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kamil E Barbour
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Lin DH, Murimi-Worstell IB, Kan H, Tierce JC, Wang X, Nab H, Desta B, Hammond ER, Alexander GC. Health care utilization and costs of systemic lupus erythematosus in the United States: A systematic review. Lupus 2022; 31:773-807. [PMID: 35467448 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221088209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate health care utilization and costs for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by disease severity. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase from January 2000 to June 2020 for observational studies examining health care utilization and costs associated with SLE among adults in the United States. Two independent reviewers reviewed the selected full-text articles to determine the final set of included studies. Costs were converted to 2020 US $. RESULTS We screened 9224 articles, of which 51 were included. Mean emergency department visits were 0.3-3.5 per year, and mean hospitalizations were 0.1-2.4 per year (mean length of stay 0.4-13.0 days). Patients averaged 10-26 physician visits/year. Mean annual direct total costs were $17,258-$63,022 per patient and were greater for patients with moderate or severe disease ($19,099-$82,391) compared with mild disease ($12,242-$29,233). Mean annual direct costs were larger from commercial claims ($24,585-$63,022) than public payers (Medicare and Medicaid: $18,302-$27,142). CONCLUSIONS SLE remains a significant driver of health care utilization and costs. Patients with moderate to severe SLE use more health care services and incur greater direct and indirect costs than those with mild disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora H Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irene B Murimi-Worstell
- Department of Epidemiology, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Kan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonothan C Tierce
- Department of Epidemiology, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, 468090AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Henk Nab
- Inflammation & Autoimmunity, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, 468087AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barnabas Desta
- Global Pricing and Market Access, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edward R Hammond
- Epidemiology, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - G Caleb Alexander
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, 25802Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nyman E, Vaughan T, Desta B, Wang X, Barut V, Emmas C. Characteristics and Symptom Severity of Patients Reporting Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the PatientsLikeMe Online Health Community: A Retrospective Observational Study. Rheumatol Ther 2020; 7:201-213. [PMID: 32008212 PMCID: PMC7021880 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-020-00195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Online health communities and research networks such as PatientsLikeMe (PLM) capture patient perspectives of diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a retrospective observational study of data provided by patients in the PLM SLE community to characterize demographics, clinical characteristics, patient experience, and symptom impact. METHODS Adults who registered with PLM in 2011-2017 and reported SLE diagnosis and treatment with one or more SLE-related drug (antimalarials, immunosuppressives, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or biologics) were included in the analysis. Information reported within 30 days from PLM registration was used to assess patient eligibility; demographics and clinical characteristics; and primary outcome measures of SLE treatments, symptoms, primary lupus manifestations, and comorbidities. RESULTS Among 21,101 PLM members included in this analysis, median ages at registration, onset of SLE symptoms, and SLE diagnosis were 46 years (interquartile range [IQR] 38-53, n = 21,101), 30 years (IQR 21-39; n = 6489), and 36 years (IQR 27-44; n = 6936), respectively. Most patients were female (96.8%, n = 20,370). Country of residence was reported by 19,502 patients (92.4%), of whom 18,491 (94.8%) were US residents. Race was recorded by 17,994 patients (85.3%), of whom 67.8% were white and 22.4% were black/African American. Patients reported a mean of 2.2 SLE-related medications, including antimalarials (83.8%), corticosteroids (78.8%), immunosuppressives (32.3%), and biologics (9.4%). Fatigue, pain, and joint pain were rated as moderate or severe by at least 80% of patients who reported these symptoms. Reported primary lupus manifestations and comorbidities included fibromyalgia (7.9%), discoid lupus (6.8%), lupus nephritis (6.3%), rheumatoid arthritis (4.8%), subacute cutaneous lupus (4.7%), central nervous system lupus (3.9%), Sjögren's syndrome (3.9%), and lupus pneumonitis (3.1%). CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, and race of patients in the PLM SLE community are broadly consistent with characteristics of the general SLE population in the United States. The PLM SLE population may provide valuable data on self-reported patient experience. Plain language summary available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy Vaughan
- Data Sciences, Cohen Veterans Bioscience, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barnabas Desta
- Global Pricing and Market Access, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Data Science and AI, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Volkan Barut
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Luton, UK
| | - Cathy Emmas
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Luton, UK.
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Mccormick N, Trupin L, Yelin EH, Katz PP. Socioeconomic Predictors of Incident Depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 70:104-113. [PMID: 28371529 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess different measures of socioeconomic status (SES) as predictors of incident depression among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Data were derived from the 2010-2015 waves of the Lupus Outcomes Study, where individuals with confirmed SLE were interviewed annually by telephone. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, using a validated lupus-specific cutoff (≥23) for major depressive disorder. Women interviewed in ≥2 consecutive waves, with scores <23 in the first wave (T1), were included. The level of financial strain was classified as high, moderate, or none based on responses to 3 questions. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impact of poverty status, income, education, and financial strain at T1 on the risk of incident depression the next year (T2), with adjustment for sociodemographic and disease status measures. Individuals could contribute more than one 2-year dyad to the analysis. RESULTS In total, 682 women contributed 2,097 observations, with 19% having high financial strain, 47% moderate strain, and 34% no strain. There were 166 women who had 184 episodes of incident depression (rate = 8.8/100 person-years). In bivariate analysis, poverty, lower income and education, disease activity, and high financial strain were associated with depression onset; race/ethnicity was not. Poverty, income, and education were not significant in multivariate analyses, but disease activity and high financial strain were (odds ratio 1.85 [95% confidence interval 1.06-3.23]). CONCLUSION High financial strain was a significant predictor of new-onset depression in women with SLE, controlling for disease factors and other SES measures. Determining specific, modifiable sources of financial strain may help prevent the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Mccormick
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, and Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
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Ceccarelli F, Perricone C, Cipriano E, Massaro L, Natalucci F, Capalbo G, Leccese I, Bogdanos D, Spinelli FR, Alessandri C, Valesini G, Conti F. Joint involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: From pathogenesis to clinical assessment. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hanly JG, Thompson K, Skedgel C. Utilization of Ambulatory Physician Encounters, Emergency Room Visits, and Hospitalizations by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A 13-Year Population Health Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 68:1128-34. [PMID: 26662554 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine total physician encounters, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations in an incident cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases and matched control patients over 13 years. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed utilizing administrative health care data from approximately 1 million people with access to universal health care. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions diagnostic codes, 7 SLE case definitions were used. Each case was matched by age and sex to 4 randomly selected controls. Data included physician billings, ER visits, and hospital discharges over 13 years. RESULTS The number of incident SLE cases varied from 564 to 4,494 depending on the case definition used. The mean age varied from 47.7 to 50.6 years and the proportion of females from 78.0% to 85.1%. SLE utilization of physicians was highest in the index year, and declined significantly thereafter for all case definitions. By the fourth year, encounters with subspecialty physicians fell by 60% (rheumatologists), 50% (internists), and 31% (other physicians). In contrast, visits to family physicians fell by only 9%. Visits to the ER and hospital admissions for SLE cases were also more frequent early in the disease course and fell significantly over the study for both ER visits (all case definitions) and hospitalizations (2 of 7 case definitions). CONCLUSION In SLE patients, health care utilization is highest in the first few years following the diagnosis, which is also the time of maximal involvement by rheumatologists. Utilization declines over time, and encounters with patients' family physicians predominate over those of other physician groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Hanly
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chris Skedgel
- Capital Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Yelin E, Yazdany J, Trupin L. Relationship Between Process of Care and a Subsequent Increase in Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69:927-932. [PMID: 27477567 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether low ratings of interactions with providers and health plans in 2013 were associated with increased systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) damage in 2015. METHODS Data were derived from the Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS) annual surveys and include items from the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans and Interpersonal Processes of Care Scale measuring dimensions of health care interactions. We used ordinary least squares regression to model the change in disease damage over a 2-year period, 2013-2015, as a function of ratings of multiple dimensions of interactions with providers and health plans, with and without adjustment for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and SLE and overall health status, and logistic regression to estimate the effect of the same matrix of variables on the probability of experiencing a minimum clinically important increase in damage. RESULTS There were 566 LOS respondents who were followed from 2013-2015 and who rated their providers and health plans in 2013. After adjustment, persons with SLE rating their providers poorly in patient-provider communication experienced a significantly greater accrual of disease damage (odds ratio [OR] 0.23 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.09-0.38]) and were more likely to experience a minimum clinically important increase in damage (OR 2.35 [95% CI 1.25-4.39]). After adjustment, those rating their health plan poorly on care coordination experienced a significantly greater accrual of disease damage (OR 0.19 [95% CI 0.03-0.35]) and were more likely to experience a minimum clinically important increase in damage (OR 2.20 [95% CI 1.12-4.34]). CONCLUSION Poor patient-provider communication and care coordination may result in increased disease damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yelin
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Laura Trupin
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center and the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
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Yelin E, Yazdany J, Tonner C, Trupin L, Criswell LA, Katz P, Schmajuk G. Interactions between patients, providers, and health systems and technical quality of care. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:417-24. [PMID: 25132660 PMCID: PMC4320034 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies have established disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) in the kind, quantity, and technical quality of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) care and outcomes. In this study we evaluate whether disparities exist in assessments of interactions with health care providers and health plans and whether such interactions affect the technical quality of SLE care. METHODS Data derive from the Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS). Principal data collection is an annual structured phone interview including items from the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans and Interpersonal Processes of Care Scale measuring dimensions of health care interactions. We use general estimating equations to assess whether disparities exist by race/ethnicity and SES in being in the lowest quartile of ratings of such interactions and whether ratings in the lowest quartile of interactions are associated with technical quality of care after adjustment for sociodemographic and disease characteristics. RESULTS In the 2012 LOS interview, there were 793 respondents, of whom 640 had ≥1 visit to their principal SLE provider. Nonwhite race/ethnicity and education were not associated with low ratings on any dimension of provider or system interaction; poverty was associated only with low ratings of health plan interactions. After adjustment for demographics, SLE status, and health care variables, ratings in the lowest quartile on all dimensions were associated with significantly lower technical quality of care. CONCLUSION Ratings in the lowest quartile on all dimensions of interactions with providers and the health care system were associated with lower technical quality of care, potentially resulting in poorer SLE outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yelin
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center
| | - Chris Tonner
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF
| | - Laura Trupin
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF
| | | | - Patricia Katz
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, UCSF
| | - Gabriela Schmajuk
- The Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center
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Oglesby A, Korves C, Laliberté F, Dennis G, Rao S, Suthoff ED, Wei R, Duh MS. Impact of early versus late systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis on clinical and economic outcomes. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2014; 12:179-190. [PMID: 24573911 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-014-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem complex autoimmune disease that often mimics symptoms of other illnesses, which complicates the ability of healthcare providers to make the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to assess clinical outcomes, resource utilization, and costs between patients with earlier versus later SLE diagnosis. METHODS Patients aged 18-64 years were identified from a large US commercial claims database between January 2000 and June 2010. Confirmed SLE diagnosis with a claims-based algorithm required either three or more claims for a visit to a rheumatologist on separate dates with an SLE diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases [ICD-9] code 710.0x), two or more claims for visits to a rheumatologist at least 60 days apart with SLE diagnoses, or two or more claims for visits to rheumatologist less than 60 days apart with SLE diagnoses with at least one dispensing for a typical SLE medication. SLE probable onset date was identified during the 12-month baseline period by the second claim for antinuclear antibody tests or prodromal symptoms of SLE. Patients were stratified into early or late diagnosis groups based on time between probable SLE onset and diagnosis (<6 months or ≥6 months, respectively). Each patient observation period began on the date of the first medical claim, with a diagnosis code for SLE that satisfied the inclusion criteria, and ended on the earliest date between health plan disenrollment and 30 June 2010. Patients in each group were propensity-score matched on age, gender, diagnosis year, region, health plan type, and comorbidities. Flare rates and resource utilization were compared post-diagnosis between groups using rate ratios. All-cause and SLE-related costs (adjusted to 2010 US dollars) per patient per month (PPPM) were calculated. RESULTS There were 4,166 matched patients per group. Post-SLE diagnosis, the early diagnosis group had lower rates of mild (rate ratio [RR] 0.95; 95 % CI 0.93-0.96), moderate (RR 0.96; 95 % CI 0.94-0.99), and severe (RR 0.87; 95 % CI 0.82-0.93) flares compared with the late diagnosis group. The rates of hospitalizations (RR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.75-0.85) were lower for the early diagnosis group than the late diagnosis group. Compared with late diagnosis patients, mean all-cause inpatient costs PPPM were lower for the early diagnosis patients (US$406 vs. US$486; p = 0.016). Corresponding SLE-related hospitalization costs were also lower for early compared with late diagnosis patients (US$71 vs. US$95; p = 0.013). Results were consistent for other resource use and cost categories. CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed with SLE sooner may experience lower flare rates, less healthcare utilization, and lower costs from a commercially insured population perspective. This finding needs to be further explored within the context of background SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Oglesby
- GlaxoSmithKline, U.S. Health Outcomes, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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10
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Furst DE, Clarke A, Fernandes AW, Bancroft T, Gajria K, Greth W, Iorga SR. Resource utilization and direct medical costs in adult systemic lupus erythematosus patients from a commercially insured population. Lupus 2013; 22:268-78. [PMID: 23340996 DOI: 10.1177/0961203312474087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to estimate annual health care resource use and medical costs associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large US managed care health plan. METHODS Subjects at least 18 years of age and with claims-based evidence of SLE (ICD-9-CM 710.0x) were identified from a health plan database. Subjects were matched on the basis of demographic and clinical characteristics to unaffected controls. Resource use and costs were determined during a fixed 12-month period. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to adjust costs for demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS In total, 1278 newly diagnosed SLE subjects were matched to 3834 controls, and 10,152 subjects with existing SLE were matched to 30,456 controls. Health care resource use was significantly higher among SLE subjects than matched controls, including average annual numbers of ambulatory visits, specialist visits, and inpatient hospital stays (all p < 0.001). SLE subjects had significantly higher overall mean annual medical costs than matched controls (newly diagnosed: $19,178 vs. $4909; existing: $15,487 vs. $5156; both p < 0.001). Evidence of specific organ involvement including renal failure and central nervous system complications, were each associated with increased costs (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with SLE have high resource use and medical costs relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Furst
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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11
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Lawson EF, Yazdany J. Healthcare quality in systemic lupus erythematosus: using Donabedian's conceptual framework to understand what we know. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:95-107. [PMID: 22448191 DOI: 10.2217/ijr.11.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare quality improvement has the potential to reduce the striking disparities in health outcomes among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Donabedian's framework for assessment of healthcare quality, which divides factors impacting quality into structures, processes and outcomes, provides a theoretical framework for research and interventions in quality improvement. This review applies Donabedian's model to current research describing quality of care in SLE, highlighting structures and processes that may lead to improved outcomes. Work remains to be done to develop meaningful metrics to assess quality and to understand the structures and processes that improve outcomes. Quality indicators have emerged as an important tool to measure quality, but further validation is required to define their validity and feasibility in clinical practice, as well as their association with improved outcomes. Implementation science also shows promise as a means to create meaningful systematic improvements in healthcare quality for patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica F Lawson
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, 3333 California Street, Box 0920, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Hendricks CO. Patients with lupus: an overview of culturally competent practice. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2012; 51:640-651. [PMID: 22905979 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2012.683367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the need for culturally competent social work practice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Because women are disproportionately impacted by this chronic autoimmune disease, and the majority of women are women of color, it is essential to address the related issues of health disparities among and between people of color, language and cultural barriers, and socioeconomic factors that impact those living with lupus. This article reviews the essential components of culturally competent social work practice, and provides implications for culturally competent program development, education and training, and direct service delivery.
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Zirkzee EJM, Steup-Beekman GM, Schouffoer AA, Henquet SM, Caljouw MAA, Huizinga TWJ, Vlieland TPMV. Health care usage in Dutch systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2011; 20:1147-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203311405372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a first step in the improvement of the organization of care for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) we studied their health care usage and its determinants. A questionnaire was sent to 161 outpatients of the rheumatology clinic of a Dutch university hospital. The questionnaire comprised questions on health care usage, quality of life and sociodemographic characteristics. Disease characteristics were extracted from the medical record. Among the 102 responders (63% response rate) the proportions of patients reporting contacts with a rheumatologist because of SLE since onset of the disease and over the past 12 months were 100% and 83%, respectively. These proportions were 93% and 68% for all other medical specialists, 88% and 44% for the general practitioner, 78% and 44% for any health professional, 29% and 9% for care at home, 48% and 17% for hospital admissions and 29% and 2% for day-patient care. Younger age, major organ involvement, the use of immunosuppressants and worse physical functioning were found to be significantly associated with greater health care use. This study demonstrated that health care usage by SLE patients is substantial and involves a variety of health care services. Further research should be directed at patients’ satisfaction and patients’ needs regarding the optimal organization of integrated, multidisciplinary services that are accessible for SLE patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- EJM Zirkzee
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - GM Steup-Beekman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - AA Schouffoer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - SM Henquet
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - MAA Caljouw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - TWJ Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - TPM Vliet Vlieland
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Tonner C, Trupin L, Yazdany J, Criswell L, Katz P, Yelin E. Role of community and individual characteristics in physician visits for persons with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:888-95. [PMID: 20535800 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of individual and local level socioeconomic status (SES) and health care access characteristics on the number of self-report physician visits for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Data derived from 755 adult participants from the 2004 to 2007 Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS) resulted in a sample of 2,926 repeated-measures observations. The outcome measure was the number of physician visits in the prior 12 months. Information on disease activity and manifestations, demographics, health insurance, and specialty of the participants' main SLE physician was collected through yearly LOS interviews. Local area measures including neighborhood poverty, the number of subspecialists per capita, and hospital market areas were added from secondary data sources. We used a mixed model with repeated measures to estimate the number of physician visits for SLE by SES and health care access characteristics, as well as the extent of concentrated poverty and number of subspecialists per capita in the local community, and whether these relationships varied by specific hospital market area. Multivariate models were adjusted for demographic and health status covariates. RESULTS LOS respondents reported a mean +/- SD of 11.8 +/- 10.7 (range 0-52) physician visits for SLE. After adjustment, having less than a high school education, receiving care in a health maintenance organization, being treated by a generalist, and living in a community of concentrated poverty were associated with a significantly lower number of physician visits for SLE. These relationships varied by hospital market areas. CONCLUSION Beyond health status, the number of physician visits for SLE varies by SES, neighborhood poverty, and characteristics of the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Tonner
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Lu LJ, Wallace DJ, Navarra SV, Weisman MH. Lupus Registries: Evolution and Challenges. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010; 39:224-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by autoantibody production and diverse clinical manifestations, disproportionately affects vulnerable groups: women, racial and ethnic minorities, the poor and those lacking medical insurance and education. We summarize the current knowledge of the disparities observed in SLE and highlight recent research that aims to dissect the causes of these disparities and identify the potentially modifiable factors contributing to them. RECENT FINDINGS Several remediable causes, including lack of education, self-efficacy and access to quality, experienced healthcare have been found to contribute to observed disparities in SLE prevalence and outcomes. SUMMARY SLE is associated with alarming disparities in incidence, severity and outcomes. The causes of these disparities are under study by several research groups. Identifying potentially correctable contributory factors should allow the development of effective strategies to improve the healthcare delivery and outcomes in all SLE patients.
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Direct and indirect costs to employers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without nephritis. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 51:66-79. [PMID: 19136875 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31818a405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the medical- and productivity-related cost burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE with nephritis in an employee population. METHODS Using administrative data, annual costs were calculated for SLE patients, a subset with nephritis, and a matched control group of patients without SLE. These costs were compared with the cost of other chronic conditions. RESULTS Mean annual medical expenditures and short term disability costs for SLE patients were $12,238 and $1184 greater (2005 dollars), respectively, than those of controls. Mean medical expenditures for SLE/nephritis patients were $46,862 greater than for controls. When compared with other chronic health conditions faced by employees, SLE/nephritis was the most costly condition. CONCLUSIONS SLE, particularly with nephritis, is associated with substantial costs. Therapies that can better manage SLE may provide opportunities for savings to employers.
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Li T, Carls GS, Panopalis P, Wang S, Gibson TB, Goetzel RZ. Long-term medical costs and resource utilization in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: A five-year analysis of a large medicaid population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:755-63. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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