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Su H, Yan Q, Du W, Hu E, Yang Z, Zhang W, Li Y, Tang T, Zhao S, Wang Y. Calycosin ameliorates osteoarthritis by regulating the imbalance between chondrocyte synthesis and catabolism. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:48. [PMID: 38254101 PMCID: PMC10804771 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe chronic inflammatory disease. As the main active component of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, a classic traditional ethnic herb, calycosin exhibits anti-inflammatory action and its mechanism of exact targets for OA have yet to be determined. In this study, we established an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mouse model. Mice were randomized to sham, OA, and calycosin groups. Cartilage synthesis markers type II collagen (Col-2) and SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (Sox-9) increased significantly after calycosin gavage. While cartilage matrix degradation index cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphor-epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) expression were decreased. With the help of network pharmacology and molecular docking, these results were confirmed in chondrocyte ADTC5 cells. Our results indicated that the calycosin treatment significantly improved cartilage damage, this was probably attributed to reversing the imbalance between chondrocyte synthesis and catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shushan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
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Hadzic E, To B, Pest MA, Qin L, Beier F. Anabolic phenotype in cartilage-specific mitogen-inducible gene-6 knockout mice is independent of transforming growth factor-α. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100387. [PMID: 37547183 PMCID: PMC10400912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disorder with no disease modifying treatment currently available. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays an important role in cartilage/bone development and its ligand transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) is upregulated in OA. In contrast, Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig6) is a negative regulator of EGFR, and cartilage-specific Mig-6 deletion results in anabolic effects on cartilage and formation of chondro-osseus nodules (CON). We aimed to attenuate EGFR signaling by inhibiting TGFα production in cartilage-specific Mig6 deficient mice, to test whether this would prevent the formation of CONs. Methods We generated double knockout mice by crossing cartilage-specific Mig-6fl/flCol2a1-Cre+/- and whole-body Tgfa± mice to generate experimental and control wild-type mice. Knee and elbow sections were used to examine articular cartilage thickness, cell density, and osteoclast presence. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was completed to analyze phospho-EGFR and SOX9. Results Mig-6 deficient mice display cartilage thickening and CONs at 12 weeks in both the elbow and knee joints, which is independent of TGFα ligand presence. Similarly, articular cartilage cell density is increased in Mig6-cKO/Tgfa-KO and Mig6-cKOmice, but not Tgfa-KO mice, and displays increased SOX9 and phospho-EGFR staining. Conclusion The articular cartilage displays increased thickness/cell density and CON formation independent of the presence of TGFα, suggesting the anabolic phenotype in the Mig6-deficient mice is independent of TGFα/EGFR binding. The anabolic phenotype may be due to an alternative EGFR ligand activation, or other non-EGFR specific mechanism. More research is required to elucidate the exact pathway responsible for the anabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermina Hadzic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Collaborative Specialization in Musculoskeletal Health Research, Western University, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, ON, Canada
| | - Bethia To
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, ON, Canada
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3
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Gui T, Wei Y, Luo L, Li J, Zhong L, Yao L, Beier F, Nelson CL, Tsourkas A, Liu XS, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Yu F, Cheng Z, Qin L. Activating EGFR Signaling Attenuates Osteoarthritis Development Following Loading Injury in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2498-2511. [PMID: 36178273 PMCID: PMC10183199 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) results in joint pain, loss of joint function, and impaired quality of daily life in patients with limited treatment options. We previously demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is essential for maintaining chondroprogenitors during articular cartilage development and homeostasis. Here, we used a nonsurgical, loading-induced PTOA mouse model to investigate the protective action of EGFR signaling. A single bout of cyclic tibial loading at a peak force of 6 N injured cartilage at the posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle. Similar loading at a peak force of 9 N ruptured the anterior cruciate ligament, causing additional cartilage damage at the medial compartment and ectopic cartilage formation in meniscus and synovium. Constitutively overexpression of an EGFR ligand, heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), in chondrocytes significantly reduced cartilage injury length, synovitis, and pain after 6 N loading and mitigated medial side cartilage damage and ectopic cartilage formation after 9 N loading. Mechanistically, overactivation of EGFR signaling protected chondrocytes from loading-induced apoptosis and loss of proliferative ability and lubricant synthesis. Overexpressing HBEGF in adult cartilage starting right before 6 N loading had similar beneficial effects. In contrast, inactivating EGFR in adult cartilage led to accelerated PTOA progression with elevated cartilage Mankin score and synovitis score and increased ectopic cartilage formation. As a therapeutic approach, we constructed a nanoparticle conjugated with the EGFR ligand TGFα. Intra-articular injections of this nanoconstruct once every 3 weeks for 12 weeks partially mitigated PTOA symptoms in cartilage and synovium after 6 N loading. Our findings demonstrate the anabolic actions of EGFR signaling in maintaining articular cartilage during PTOA development and shed light on developing a novel nanomedicine for PTOA. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles L. Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - X. Sherry Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feifan Yu
- AlphaThera, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Mangiavini L, Peretti GM, Canciani B, Maffulli N. Epidermal growth factor signalling pathway in endochondral ossification: an evidence-based narrative review. Ann Med 2022; 54:37-50. [PMID: 34955078 PMCID: PMC8725985 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2015798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During endochondral bone development, a complex process that leads to the formation of the majority of skeletal elements, mesenchymal cells condense, differentiating into chondrocytes and producing the foetal growth plate. Chondrocytes progressively hypertrophy, induce angiogenesis and are then gradually replaced by bone. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), one of many growth factors, is the prototype of the EGF-ligand family, which comprises several proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. In bone, EGF pathway signalling finely tunes the first steps of chondrogenesis by maintaining mesenchymal cells in an undifferentiated stage, and by promoting hypertrophic cartilage replacement. Moreover, EGF signalling modulates bone homeostasis by stimulating osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation, and by regulating osteoblast differentiation under specific spatial and temporal conditions. This evidence-based narrative review describes the EGF pathway in bone metabolism and endochondral bone development. This comprehensive description may be useful in light of possible clinical applications in orthopaedic practice. A deeper knowledge of the role of EGF in bone may be useful in musculoskeletal conditions which may benefit from the modulation of this signalling pathway.Key messagesThe EGF pathway is involved in bone metabolism.EGF signalling is essential in the very early stages of limb development by maintaining cells in an undifferentiated stage.EGF pathway positively regulates chondrocyte proliferation, negatively modulates hypertrophy, and favours cartilage replacement by bone.EGF and EGF-like proteins finely tune the proliferation and differentiation of bone tissue cells, and they also regulate the initial phases of endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mangiavini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Canciani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - N Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK
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5
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Wei Y, Ma X, Sun H, Gui T, Li J, Yao L, Zhong L, Yu W, Han B, Nelson CL, Han L, Beier F, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Ahn J, Qin L. EGFR Signaling Is Required for Maintaining Adult Cartilage Homeostasis and Attenuating Osteoarthritis Progression. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1012-1023. [PMID: 35191092 PMCID: PMC9098673 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The uppermost superficial zone of articular cartilage is the first line of defense against the initiation of osteoarthritis (OA). We previously used Col2-Cre to demonstrate that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor, plays an essential role in maintaining superficial chondrocytes during articular cartilage development. Here, we showed that EGFR activity in the articular cartilage decreased as mice age. In mouse and human OA samples, EGFR activity was initially reduced at the superficial layer and then resurged in cell clusters within the middle and deep zone in late OA. To investigate the role of EGFR signaling in postnatal and adult cartilage, we constructed an inducible mouse model with cartilage-specific EGFR inactivation (Aggrecan-CreER EgfrWa5/flox , Egfr iCKO). EdU incorporation revealed that postnatal Egfr iCKO mice contained fewer slow-cycling cells than controls. EGFR deficiency induced at 3 months of age reduced cartilage thickness and diminished superficial chondrocytes, in parallel to alterations in lubricin production, cell proliferation, and survival. Furthermore, male Egfr iCKO mice developed much more severe OA phenotypes, including cartilage erosion, subchondral bone plate thickening, cartilage degeneration at the lateral site, and mechanical allodynia, after receiving destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Similar OA phenotypes were also observed in female iCKO mice. Moreover, tamoxifen injections of iCKO mice at 1 month post-surgery accelerated OA development 2 months later. In summary, our data demonstrated that chondrogenic EGFR signaling maintains postnatal slow-cycling cells and plays a critical role in adult cartilage homeostasis and OA progression. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Departent of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tao Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Departent of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles L Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kaneko T, Horiuchi K, Chijimatsu R, Mori D, Nagata K, Omata Y, Yano F, Inui H, Moro T, Tanaka S, Saito T. Regulation of osteoarthritis development by ADAM17/Tace in articular cartilage. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:196-207. [PMID: 34751824 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (Adam17), also known as TNFα-converting enzyme (Tace), is a membrane-anchored protein involved in shedding of TNF, IL-6 receptor, ligands of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Notch receptor. This study aimed to examine the role of Adam17 in adult articular cartilage and osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adam17 expression was examined in mouse knee joints during OA development. We analyzed OA development in tamoxifen-inducible chondrocyte-specific Adam17 knockout mice of a resection of the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament (medial) model, destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model, and aging model. We analyzed downstream pathways by in vitro experiments, and further performed intra-articular administration of an Adam17 inhibitor TAPI-0 for surgically induced mouse OA. RESULTS Adam17 expression in mouse articular cartilage was increased by OA progression. In all models, Adam17 knockout mice showed ameliorated progression of articular cartilage degradation. Adam17 knockout decreased matrix metallopeptidase 13 (Mmp13) expression in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, whereas Adam17 activation by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) increased Mmp13 and decreased aggrecan in mouse primary chondrocytes. Adam17 activation enhanced release of soluble TNF and transforming growth factor alpha, a representative EGF ligand, from mouse primary chondrocytes, while it did not change release of soluble IL-6 receptor or nuclear translocation of Notch1 intercellular domain. Intra-articular administration of the Adam17 inhibitor ameliorated OA progression. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates regulation of OA development by Adam17, involvement of EGFR and TNF pathways, and the possibility of Adam17 as a therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Kaneko
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kosei Nagata
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toru Moro
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Division of Science for Joint Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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7
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Ferrao Blanco MN, Domenech Garcia H, Legeai-Mallet L, van Osch GJVM. Tyrosine kinases regulate chondrocyte hypertrophy: promising drug targets for Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1389-1398. [PMID: 34284112 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major health problem worldwide that affects the joints and causes severe disability. It is characterized by pain and low-grade inflammation. However, the exact pathogenesis remains unknown and the therapeutic options are limited. In OA articular chondrocytes undergo a phenotypic transition becoming hypertrophic, which leads to cartilage damage, aggravating the disease. Therefore, a therapeutic agent inhibiting hypertrophy would be a promising disease-modifying drug. The therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been mainly focused on oncology, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Janus kinase inhibitor Tofacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis has broadened the applicability of these compounds to other diseases. Interestingly, tyrosine kinases have been associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss the experimental evidence that implicates specific tyrosine kinases in signaling pathways promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Ferrao Blanco
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H Domenech Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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8
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Wei Y, Luo L, Gui T, Yu F, Yan L, Yao L, Zhong L, Yu W, Han B, Patel JM, Liu JF, Beier F, Levin LS, Nelson C, Shao Z, Han L, Mauck RL, Tsourkas A, Ahn J, Cheng Z, Qin L. Targeting cartilage EGFR pathway for osteoarthritis treatment. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/576/eabb3946. [PMID: 33441426 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread joint disease for which there are no disease-modifying treatments. Previously, we found that mice with cartilage-specific epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) deficiency developed accelerated knee OA. To test whether the EGFR pathway can be targeted as a potential OA therapy, we constructed two cartilage-specific EGFR overactivation models in mice by overexpressing heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), an EGFR ligand. Compared to wild type, Col2-Cre HBEGF-overexpressing mice had persistently enlarged articular cartilage from adolescence, due to an expanded pool of chondroprogenitors with elevated proliferation ability, survival rate, and lubricant production. Adult Col2-Cre HBEGF-overexpressing mice and Aggrecan-CreER HBEGF-overexpressing mice were resistant to cartilage degeneration and other signs of OA after surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Treating mice with gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, abolished the protective action against OA in HBEGF-overexpressing mice. Polymeric micellar nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with transforming growth factor-α (TGFα), a potent EGFR ligand, were stable and nontoxic and had long joint retention, high cartilage uptake, and penetration capabilities. Intra-articular delivery of TGFα-NPs effectively attenuated surgery-induced OA cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone plate sclerosis, and joint pain. Genetic or pharmacologic activation of EGFR revealed no obvious side effects in knee joints and major vital organs in mice. Together, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of using nanotechnology to target EGFR signaling for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tao Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feifan Yu
- Alphathera LLC, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Lesan Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay M Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica F Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lawrence Scott Levin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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9
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Articular Chondrocyte Phenotype Regulation through the Cytoskeleton and the Signaling Processes That Originate from or Converge on the Cytoskeleton: Towards a Novel Understanding of the Intersection between Actin Dynamics and Chondrogenic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063279. [PMID: 33807043 PMCID: PMC8004672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have assembled a complex picture, in which extracellular stimuli and intracellular signaling pathways modulate the chondrocyte phenotype. Because many diseases are mechanobiology-related, this review asked to what extent phenotype regulators control chondrocyte function through the cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-regulating signaling processes. Such information would generate leverage for advanced articular cartilage repair. Serial passaging, pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), growth factors (TGF-α), and osteoarthritis not only induce dedifferentiation but also converge on RhoA/ROCK/Rac1/mDia1/mDia2/Cdc42 to promote actin polymerization/crosslinking for stress fiber (SF) formation. SF formation takes center stage in phenotype control, as both SF formation and SOX9 phosphorylation for COL2 expression are ROCK activity-dependent. Explaining how it is molecularly possible that dedifferentiation induces low COL2 expression but high SF formation, this review theorized that, in chondrocyte SOX9, phosphorylation by ROCK might effectively be sidelined in favor of other SF-promoting ROCK substrates, based on a differential ROCK affinity. In turn, actin depolymerization for redifferentiation would “free-up” ROCK to increase COL2 expression. Moreover, the actin cytoskeleton regulates COL1 expression, modulates COL2/aggrecan fragment generation, and mediates a fibrogenic/catabolic expression profile, highlighting that actin dynamics-regulating processes decisively control the chondrocyte phenotype. This suggests modulating the balance between actin polymerization/depolymerization for therapeutically controlling the chondrocyte phenotype.
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10
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Cui G, Liu D, Wei R, Wu J, Liu R, Wang K. Association of rs2862851 in TGFA Gene with Peripheral TGFA Levels and the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis in the Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:771-776. [PMID: 33181041 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex joint disorder characterized by sclerosis of subchondral bone. The knee is one of the most commonly affected joints. Given that the genetic mechanisms underlying knee OA remain elusive, our study aims were to first confirm the association of the TGFA gene alleles with the risk of knee OA and, second, to evaluate the relationship between peripheral TGFA concentrations and knee OA in an independent Han Chinese population. Materials and Methods: We performed a case-control study consisting of 392 knee OA patients and 808 unrelated healthy controls. Single-marker-based association analyses and haplotype-based analyses using 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were performed to confirm the association of TGFA gene alleles with the risk of knee OA. Furthermore, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to detect the peripheral blood TGFA concentrations in patients and healthy controls and then evaluated the relationships between the TGFA alleles and genotypes with serum TGFA levels. Results: We replicated the genetic association of the rs2862851 T allele with the risk of knee OA (p = 1.68 × 10-4, OR = 1.41). Moreover, we observed that the peripheral TGFA concentrations were higher in knee OA patients than in healthy controls (p = 8.15 × 10-13). The peripheral TGFA concentrations were significantly different among the various rs2862851 genotypes for both cases (p = 4.16 × 10-16) and controls (p = 7.24 × 10-19). The individuals with the TT genotype in both cases and controls, had the highest peripheral TGFA concentrations. Moreover, with the increase in knee OA grade, peripheral TGFA concentration also increased (p = 1.36 × 10-72). Conclusion: Our study confirmed the association of the TGFA gene with the risk of knee OA and identified a positive correlation between peripheral TGFA levels and the severity of knee OA in the Han Chinese population, providing clues for understanding the etiology of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Cui
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Ruiyu Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Selig M, Lauer JC, Hart ML, Rolauffs B. Mechanotransduction and Stiffness-Sensing: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Control Multiple Molecular Aspects of Cell Phenotype as a Design Cornerstone of Cell-Instructive Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5399. [PMID: 32751354 PMCID: PMC7432012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since material stiffness controls many cell functions, we reviewed the currently available knowledge on stiffness sensing and elucidated what is known in the context of clinical and experimental articular cartilage (AC) repair. Remarkably, no stiffness information on the various biomaterials for clinical AC repair was accessible. Using mRNA expression profiles and morphology as surrogate markers of stiffness-related effects, we deduced that the various clinically available biomaterials control chondrocyte (CH) phenotype well, but not to equal extents, and only in non-degenerative settings. Ample evidence demonstrates that multiple molecular aspects of CH and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) phenotype are susceptible to material stiffness, because proliferation, migration, lineage determination, shape, cytoskeletal properties, expression profiles, cell surface receptor composition, integrin subunit expression, and nuclear shape and composition of CHs and/or MSCs are stiffness-regulated. Moreover, material stiffness modulates MSC immuno-modulatory and angiogenic properties, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced lineage determination, and CH re-differentiation/de-differentiation, collagen type II fragment production, and TGF-β1- and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)-induced changes in cell stiffness and traction force. We then integrated the available molecular signaling data into a stiffness-regulated CH phenotype model. Overall, we recommend using material stiffness for controlling cell phenotype, as this would be a promising design cornerstone for novel future-oriented, cell-instructive biomaterials for clinical high-quality AC repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin C. Lauer
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
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12
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Bellini M, Pest MA, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Qin L, Jeong JW, Beier F. Overexpression of MIG-6 in the cartilage induces an osteoarthritis-like phenotype in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:119. [PMID: 32430054 PMCID: PMC7236969 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has been identified as a negative regulator of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cartilage-specific Mig-6 knockout (KO) mice display increased EGFR signaling, an anabolic buildup of the articular cartilage, and formation of chondro-osseous nodules. Since our understanding of the EGFR/Mig-6 network in the cartilage remains incomplete, we characterized mice with cartilage-specific overexpression of Mig-6 in this study. Methods Utilizing knee joints from cartilage-specific Mig-6-overexpressing (Mig-6over/over) mice (at multiple time points), we evaluated the articular cartilage using histology, immunohistochemical staining, and semi-quantitative histopathological scoring (OARSI) at multiple ages. MicroCT analysis was employed to examine skeletal morphometry, body composition, and bone mineral density. Results Our data show that cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpression did not cause any major developmental abnormalities in the articular cartilage, although Mig-6over/over mice have slightly shorter long bones compared to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and body composition in any of the groups. However, our results indicate that Mig-6over/over male mice show accelerated cartilage degeneration at 12 and 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 demonstrated that the number of positively stained cells in Mig-6over/over mice was decreased relative to controls. Immunostaining for MMP13 appeared increased in areas of cartilage degeneration in Mig-6over/over mice. Moreover, staining for phospho-EGFR (Tyr-1173) and lubricin (PRG4) was decreased in the articular cartilage of Mig-6over/over mice. Conclusion Overexpression of Mig-6 in the articular cartilage causes no major developmental phenotype; however, these mice develop earlier OA during aging. These data demonstrate that Mig-6/EGFR pathways are critical for joint homeostasis and might present a promising therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Bellini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Manuela Miranda-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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13
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Catheline SE, Hoak D, Chang M, Ketz JP, Hilton MJ, Zuscik MJ, Jonason JH. Chondrocyte-Specific RUNX2 Overexpression Accelerates Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis Progression in Adult Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1676-1689. [PMID: 31189030 PMCID: PMC7047611 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RUNX2 is a transcription factor critical for chondrocyte maturation and normal endochondral bone formation. It promotes the expression of factors catabolic to the cartilage extracellular matrix and is upregulated in human osteoarthritic cartilage and in murine articular cartilage following joint injury. To date, in vivo studies of RUNX2 overexpression in cartilage have been limited to forced expression in osteochondroprogenitor cells preventing investigation into the effects of chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 overexpression in postnatal articular cartilage. Here, we used the Rosa26Runx2 allele in combination with the inducible Col2a1CreERT2 transgene or the inducible AcanCreERT2 knock-in allele to achieve chondrocyte-specific RUNX2 overexpression (OE) during embryonic development or in the articular cartilage of adult mice, respectively. RUNX2 OE was induced at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) for all developmental studies. Histology and in situ hybridization analyses suggest an early onset of chondrocyte hypertrophy and accelerated terminal maturation in the limbs of the RUNX2 OE embryos compared to control embryos. For all postnatal studies, RUNX2 OE was induced at 2 months of age. Surprisingly, no histopathological signs of cartilage degeneration were observed even 6 months following induction of RUNX2 OE. Using the meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI), a surgical model of knee joint destabilization and meniscal injury, however, we found that RUNX2 OE accelerates the progression of cartilage degeneration following joint trauma. One month following MLI, the numbers of MMP13-positive and TUNEL-positive chondrocytes were significantly greater in the articular cartilage of the RUNX2 OE joints compared to control joints and 2 months following MLI, histomorphometry and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring revealed decreased cartilage area in the RUNX2 OE joints. Collectively, these results suggest that although RUNX2 overexpression alone may not be sufficient to initiate the OA degenerative process, it may predetermine the rate of OA onset and/or progression following traumatic joint injury. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Catheline
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Donna Hoak
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martin Chang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John P Ketz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Hilton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Zuscik
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Orthopedic Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer H Jonason
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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14
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Qin L, Beier F. EGFR Signaling: Friend or Foe for Cartilage? JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10177. [PMID: 30828691 PMCID: PMC6383702 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using genetically modified mice, pharmacological approaches, and human samples have highlighted an important role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), selected ligands, and downstream components in endochondral bone formation and joint homeostasis. Although most data demonstrate an important function of this pathway in endochondral ossification and articular cartilage growth, conflicting results on its role in osteoarthritis have been reported. In some contexts, inactivation of EGFR signaling has been shown to protect joints from surgically induced osteoarthritis, whereas in others, similar manipulations worsened joint pathology. The current review summarizes recent studies of cartilage EGFR signaling in long bone development and diseases, provides potential explanations for the reported discrepancies, and suggests directions for future work to clarify the potential of this pathway as target for osteoarthritis treatment. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonCanada
- Western Bone and Joint InstituteUniversity of Western OntarioLondonCanada
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15
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16
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Sun H, Wu Y, Pan Z, Yu D, Chen P, Zhang X, Wu H, Zhang X, An C, Chen Y, Qin T, Lei X, Yuan C, Zhang S, Zou W, Ouyang H. Gefitinib for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activated Osteoarthritis Subpopulation Treatment. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:223-233. [PMID: 29898872 PMCID: PMC6020860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of physical disability among aging populations, with no available drugs able to efficiently restore the balance between cartilage matrix synthesis and degradation. Also, OA has not been accurately classified into subpopulations, hindering the development toward personalized precision medicine. In the present study, we identified a subpopulation of OA patients displaying high activation level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). With Col2a1-creERT2; Egfrf/f mice, it was found that the activation of EGFR, indicated by EGFR phosphorylation (pEGFR), led to the destruction of joints. Excitingly, EGFR inhibition prohibited cartilage matrix degeneration and promoted cartilage regeneration. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug gefitinib could efficiently inhibit EGFR functions in OA joints and restore cartilage structure and function in the mouse model as well as the clinical case report. Overall, our findings suggested the concept of the EGFR activated OA subpopulation and illustrated the mechanism of EGFR signaling in regulating cartilage homeostasis. Gefitinib could be a promising disease-modifying drug for this OA subpopulation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Sun
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Orthopeadics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chengrui An
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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17
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Zengini E, Hatzikotoulas K, Tachmazidou I, Steinberg J, Hartwig FP, Southam L, Hackinger S, Boer CG, Styrkarsdottir U, Gilly A, Suveges D, Killian B, Ingvarsson T, Jonsson H, Babis GC, McCaskie A, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Davey Smith G, Wilkinson JM, Zeggini E. Genome-wide analyses using UK Biobank data provide insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis. Nat Genet 2018; 50:549-558. [PMID: 29559693 PMCID: PMC5896734 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common complex disease imposing a large public-health burden. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study for osteoarthritis, using data across 16.5 million variants from the UK Biobank resource. After performing replication and meta-analysis in up to 30,727 cases and 297,191 controls, we identified nine new osteoarthritis loci, in all of which the most likely causal variant was noncoding. For three loci, we detected association with biologically relevant radiographic endophenotypes, and in five signals we identified genes that were differentially expressed in degraded compared with intact articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis. We established causal effects on osteoarthritis for higher body mass index but not for triglyceride levels or genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zengini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- 5th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Tachmazidou
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- GSK, R&D Target Sciences, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Julia Steinberg
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fernando P Hartwig
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Cindy G Boer
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur Gilly
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel Suveges
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Britt Killian
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Thorvaldur Ingvarsson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Institution of Health Science, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Helgi Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - George C Babis
- 2nd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew McCaskie
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeremy M Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Pan Z, Sun H, Xie B, Xia D, Zhang X, Yu D, Li J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Fu Q, Hu W, Yang Y, Bunpetch V, Shen W, Heng BC, Zhang S, Ouyang H. Therapeutic effects of gefitinib-encapsulated thermosensitive injectable hydrogel in intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomaterials 2018; 160:56-68. [PMID: 29396379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the most widespread musculoskeletal diseases worldwide, which remains an intractable clinical challenge. The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of the small molecule gefitinib (an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor) in ameliorating IVD degeneration. Aberrant EGFR activation levels were detected in both human and rat degenerative IVDs, which prompted us to investigate the functional roles of EGFR by utilizing inducible cartilage-specific EGFR-deficient mice. We demonstrated that conditional EGFR deletion in mice increased nucleus pulposus (NP) extracellular matrix (ECM) production and autophagy marker activation while MMP13 expression decreased. These outcomes are comparable to the use of a controlled-release injectable thermosensitive hydrogel of gefitinib to block EGFR activity in a puncture-induced rat model. We also conducted a case series study involving patients with non-small cell lung cancer and IVD degeneration who received gefitinib treatment from 2010 to 2015. Gefitinib-treated patients displayed a relative slower disc degenerating progression, in contrast to control subjects. These findings thus provide evidence that suppression of EGFR by the FDA-approved drug gefitinib can protect IVD degeneration in rats, implying the potential application of gefitinib as a small molecule drug for treating IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Pan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Orthopedic Department, Ningbo No.1 Hospital, 315000 Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yuzi Xu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zuhua Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, 310000 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Qianbao Fu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Varitsara Bunpetch
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, 310000 Hangzhou, China.
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19
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Delivery of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor via a customized collagen scaffold promotes meniscal defect regeneration in a rabbit model. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:210-221. [PMID: 28757192 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Meniscal injury is one of the most common knee joint injuries, which remains an intractable challenge in clinical practice to date. Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation levels in both human and mice menisci following injury, prompted us to investigate the functional role of EGFR by utilizing an inducible cartilage-specific EGFR-deficient mouse model. We demonstrated that conditional EGFR deletion in mice resulted in increased partial meniscectomy-induced ECM production within the meniscus, which is comparable to utilization of the small molecule EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, to block EGFR activity. Here, we combined intra-articular delivery of gefitinib with an implanted customized collagen scaffold to substitute for lost meniscal tissue, as well as to promote meniscal regeneration and prevent osteoarthritis (OA) progression in a rabbit meniscectomy model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The main novelty of this study is the finding of a new application for small molecule EGFR inhibitor in meniscal injury therapy. This study also highlights the importance of using a customized collagen scaffold to provide robust mechanical strength and effectively promote meniscus regeneration. In summary, our study finds that intra-articular delivery of gefitinib together with implantation of a customized, multi-layer collagen scaffold not only enhanced meniscal regeneration, but also protected articular cartilage from degeneration in rabbit model. These results provide valuable insight for meniscal tissue engineering studies and clinical practice.
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20
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Cui G, Wei R, Liu D, Yang H, Wu J, Fan L, Wang K. Association of Common Variants in TGFA with Increased Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis Susceptibility. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:586-591. [PMID: 28777012 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Haojie Yang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Xi'an Jiaotong University Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Adapala NS, Kim HKW. A genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of articular cartilage during normal maturation in pigs. Gene 2017; 627:508-518. [PMID: 28687335 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The articular cartilage undergoes dramatic changes in structure and composition during post-natal maturation, but the associated transcriptional changes are not well characterized. Compared to a mature stage, the immature articular cartilage shows developmental features such as increased thickness, presence of blood vessels, and the presence of a deep layer of growth cartilage which undergoes endochondral ossification. These features decrease during normal development. Following maturation, the articular cartilage is known to undergo few minor modifications. Since mature articular cartilage has poor regenerative and repair capacity compared to the immature articular cartilage, a better understanding of the molecular changes during the normal postnatal articular cartilage development might reveal insights on the molecular adaptation. It may also provide new therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the differential expression of genes in the femoral head articular cartilage of 6-weeks old and 6-months old pigs using a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. METHODS The articular cartilage of the femoral head of 6-weeks and 6-months old normal pigs was assessed for thickness and vascularity (number of vascular canals) using Safranin O/Fast Green staining of paraffin sections (n=4 pigs/age group). The measurements were determined using Image J software. RNA was isolated from the femoral head articular cartilage from 6-weeks and 6-months old pigs (n=8 pigs/age group). A microarray analysis was performed using an Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip Array. A gene enrichment analysis and a functional clustering analysis were performed by DAVID and STRING software, respectively. The differential expression of selected genes was confirmed by a quantitative RTPCR analysis. RESULTS The femoral head articular cartilage showed a significant decrease in thickness and number of vascular canals in 6-months old compared to 6-weeks old pigs. A microarray analysis revealed a differential gene expression of 576 genes, with 206 genes that were significantly upregulated and 370 genes that were significantly downregulated (>2-fold change, p<0.05) at 6-months compared to 6-weeks of age. Among the upregulated genes, DAVID analysis revealed that a significant number of genes represented the biological processes of responses to external stimuli, and wounding and inflammation at 6-months of age. These processes involved genes representing secretory and signaling proteins such as MMP-1, MMP-3, IL-8 and STAT3 suggesting increased inflammatory activity. In addition, an assessment of the downregulated genes indicated a decrease in the expression of genes representing the biological processes of developmental processes (e.g. BMPR1A, BMPR2, ACVR2, periostin, SFRP2, COL5A3) and regulation of blood vessel size (e.g. alpha adrenergic receptor 1B, alpha-SMA) at 6-months of age. A real-time qRTPCR analysis of selected upregulated genes, fibronectin, MMP-3, IL-8 and downregulated genes, BMPR2, PECAM, CCL2, TLR4 confirmed the differential gene expression in the microarray analysis. CONCLUSION During the process of articular cartilage maturation from 6-weeks to 6-months of age in normal pigs, genes associated with inflammatory responses to injury were upregulated and genes involved in the development and vascular responses were downregulated. These findings suggest that during articular cartilage maturation, the transcriptional changes might increase the susceptibility of cartilage to inflammatory damage and decrease the regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Suresh Adapala
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA
| | - Harry K W Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8883, USA.
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22
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EGFR signaling is critical for maintaining the superficial layer of articular cartilage and preventing osteoarthritis initiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14360-14365. [PMID: 27911782 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608938113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, characterized by progressive destruction of the articular cartilage. The surface of joint cartilage is the first defensive and affected site of OA, but our knowledge of genesis and homeostasis of this superficial zone is scarce. EGFR signaling is important for tissue homeostasis. Immunostaining revealed that its activity is mostly dominant in the superficial layer of healthy cartilage but greatly diminished when OA initiates. To evaluate the role of EGFR signaling in the articular cartilage, we studied a cartilage-specific Egfr-deficient (CKO) mouse model (Col2-Cre EgfrWa5/flox). These mice developed early cartilage degeneration at 6 mo of age. By 2 mo of age, although their gross cartilage morphology appears normal, CKO mice had a drastically reduced number of superficial chondrocytes and decreased lubricant secretion at the surface. Using superficial chondrocyte and cartilage explant cultures, we demonstrated that EGFR signaling is critical for maintaining the number and properties of superficial chondrocytes, promoting chondrogenic proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) expression, and stimulating the lubrication function of the cartilage surface. In addition, EGFR deficiency greatly disorganized collagen fibrils in articular cartilage and strikingly reduced cartilage surface modulus. After surgical induction of OA at 3 mo of age, CKO mice quickly developed the most severe OA phenotype, including a complete loss of cartilage, extremely high surface modulus, subchondral bone plate thickening, and elevated joint pain. Taken together, our studies establish EGFR signaling as an important regulator of the superficial layer during articular cartilage development and OA initiation.
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23
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Shin SY, Pozzi A, Boyd SK, Clark AL. Integrin α1β1 protects against signs of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in the female murine knee partially via regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1795-1806. [PMID: 27211864 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of integrin α1β1 in the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), and elucidate the contribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling to the mechanism by which integrin α1β1 might control PTOA. We hypothesised that integrin α1β1 plays a protective role in the course of PTOA and that the effect of PTOA (e.g., synovitis, loss of cartilage and growth of osteophytes) would be exacerbated in mice lacking integrin α1β1 at every time point post destabilisation of medial meniscus (DMM). METHODS DMM or sham surgery was performed on integrin α1-null and wild type (WT) mice and the progression of PTOA analysed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery (PS) using micro-computed tomography (microCT), histology, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the effects of EGFR blockade were examined by treating the mice with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. RESULTS Integrin α1-null female, but not male, mice showed earlier cartilage degradation post DMM surgery compared to WT controls. Furthermore, erlotinib treatment resulted in significantly less cartilage damage in integrin α1-null but not WT mice. Independent of genotype, erlotinib treatment significantly mitigated the effects of PTOA on many tissues of female mice including meniscal and fabella bone volume, subchondral bone thickness and density and cartilage degradation. In contrast, reduced EGFR signalling had little effect on signs of PTOA in male mice. CONCLUSION Integrin α1β1 protects against PTOA-induced cartilage degradation in female mice partially via the reduction of EGFR signalling. Furthermore, reduction of EGFR signalling protects against the development of PTOA in female, but not male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Shin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A Pozzi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S K Boyd
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A L Clark
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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24
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Castaño-Betancourt MC, Evans DS, Ramos YFM, Boer CG, Metrustry S, Liu Y, den Hollander W, van Rooij J, Kraus VB, Yau MS, Mitchell BD, Muir K, Hofman A, Doherty M, Doherty S, Zhang W, Kraaij R, Rivadeneira F, Barrett-Connor E, Maciewicz RA, Arden N, Nelissen RGHH, Kloppenburg M, Jordan JM, Nevitt MC, Slagboom EP, Hart DJ, Lafeber F, Styrkarsdottir U, Zeggini E, Evangelou E, Spector TD, Uitterlinden AG, Lane NE, Meulenbelt I, Valdes AM, van Meurs JBJ. Novel Genetic Variants for Cartilage Thickness and Hip Osteoarthritis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006260. [PMID: 27701424 PMCID: PMC5049763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of the most frequent and disabling diseases of the elderly. Only few genetic variants have been identified for osteoarthritis, which is partly due to large phenotype heterogeneity. To reduce heterogeneity, we here examined cartilage thickness, one of the structural components of joint health. We conducted a genome-wide association study of minimal joint space width (mJSW), a proxy for cartilage thickness, in a discovery set of 13,013 participants from five different cohorts and replication in 8,227 individuals from seven independent cohorts. We identified five genome-wide significant (GWS, P≤5·0×10-8) SNPs annotated to four distinct loci. In addition, we found two additional loci that were significantly replicated, but results of combined meta-analysis fell just below the genome wide significance threshold. The four novel associated genetic loci were located in/near TGFA (rs2862851), PIK3R1 (rs10471753), SLBP/FGFR3 (rs2236995), and TREH/DDX6 (rs496547), while the other two (DOT1L and SUPT3H/RUNX2) were previously identified. A systematic prioritization for underlying causal genes was performed using diverse lines of evidence. Exome sequencing data (n = 2,050 individuals) indicated that there were no rare exonic variants that could explain the identified associations. In addition, TGFA, FGFR3 and PIK3R1 were differentially expressed in OA cartilage lesions versus non-lesioned cartilage in the same individuals. In conclusion, we identified four novel loci (TGFA, PIK3R1, FGFR3 and TREH) and confirmed two loci known to be associated with cartilage thickness.The identified associations were not caused by rare exonic variants. This is the first report linking TGFA to human OA, which may serve as a new target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yolande F. M. Ramos
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy G. Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Metrustry
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Youfang Liu
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wouter den Hollander
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology. Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michelle S. Yau
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Doherty
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Doherty
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Weiya Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
- Epidemiology Division, Family Medicine and Public Health Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rose A. Maciewicz
- Respiratory, Inflammation, Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nigel Arden
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and musculoskeletal sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rob G. H. H. Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Nevitt
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eline P. Slagboom
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah J. Hart
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Floris Lafeber
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene & Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy E. Lane
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Usmani SE, Ulici V, Pest MA, Hill TL, Welch ID, Beier F. Context-specific protection of TGFα null mice from osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30434. [PMID: 27457421 PMCID: PMC4960644 DOI: 10.1038/srep30434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) is a growth factor involved in osteoarthritis (OA). TGFα induces an OA-like phenotype in articular chondrocytes, by inhibiting matrix synthesis and promoting catabolic factor expression. To better understand TGFα’s potential as a therapeutic target, we employed two in vivo OA models: (1) post-traumatic and (2) aging related OA. Ten-week old and six-month old male Tgfa null mice and their heterozygous (control) littermates underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Disease progression was assessed histologically using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. As well, spontaneous disease progression was analyzed in eighteen-month-old Tgfa null and heterozygous mice. Ten-week old Tgfa null mice were protected from OA progression at both seven and fourteen weeks post-surgery. No protection was seen however in six-month old null mice after DMM surgery, and no differences were observed between genotypes in the aging model. Thus, young Tgfa null mice are protected from OA progression in the DMM model, while older mice are not. In addition, Tgfa null mice are equally susceptible to spontaneous OA development during aging. Thus, TGFα might be a valuable therapeutic target in some post-traumatic forms of OA, however its role in idiopathic disease is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirine E Usmani
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Veronica Ulici
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Pest
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L Hill
- Department of Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ian D Welch
- Department of Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Poulet B, Staines KA. New developments in osteoarthritis and cartilage biology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 28:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pest MA, Pest CA, Bellini MR, Feng Q, Beier F. Deletion of Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 Does Not Predispose Mice to Increased Spontaneous Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142822. [PMID: 26562438 PMCID: PMC4643037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with poorly understood etiology and pathobiology. Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK and p38 play important roles in the mediation of downstream pathways involved in cartilage degenerative processes. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) dephosphorylates the threonine/serine and tyrosine sites on ERK and p38, causing deactivation of downstream signalling. In this study we examined the role of DUSP1 in spontaneous OA development at 21 months of age using a genetically modified mouse model deficient in Dusp1 (DUSP1 knockout mouse). RESULTS Utilizing histochemical stains of paraffin embedded knee joint sections in DUSP1 knockout and wild type female and male mice, we showed similar structural progression of cartilage degeneration associated with OA at 21 months of age. A semi-quantitative cartilage degeneration scoring system also demonstrated similar scores in the various aspects of the knee joint articular cartilage in DUSP1 knockout and control mice. Examination of overall articular cartilage thickness in the knee joint demonstrated similar results between DUSP1 knockout and wild type mice. Immunostaining for cartilage neoepitopes DIPEN, TEGE and C1,2C was similar in the cartilage lesion sites and chondrocyte pericellular matrix of both experimental groups. Likewise, immunostaining for phosphoERK and MMP13 showed similar intensity and localization between groups. SOX9 immunostaining demonstrated a decreased number of positive cells in DUSP1 knockout mice, with correspondingly decreased staining intensity. Analysis of animal walking patterns (gait) did not show a discernable difference between groups. CONCLUSION Loss of DUSP1 does not cause changes in cartilage degeneration and gait in a mouse model of spontaneous OA at 21 months of age. Altered staining was observed in SOX9 immunostaining which may prove promising for future studies examining the role of DUSPs in cartilage and OA, as well as models of post-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andrew Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Alice Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Appleton CTG, Usmani SE, Pest MA, Pitelka V, Mort JS, Beier F. Reduction in Disease Progression by Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor α-CCL2 Signaling in Experimental Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2691-701. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirine E. Usmani
- Western University Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; London Ontario Canada
| | - Michael A. Pest
- Western University Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; London Ontario Canada
| | - Vasek Pitelka
- Western University Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; London Ontario Canada
| | - John S. Mort
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada and McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Western University Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry and Children's Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
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Zhou Q, Xu C, Cheng X, Liu Y, Yue M, Hu M, Luo D, Niu Y, Ouyang H, Ji J, Hu H. Platelets promote cartilage repair and chondrocyte proliferation via ADP in a rodent model of osteoarthritis. Platelets 2015; 27:212-22. [PMID: 26325015 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1075493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related degenerative joint disease and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be beneficial in OA. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of platelets on chondrocytes and the underlying mechanisms. Anabolic and catabolic activity and the proliferation rate of chondrocytes were evaluated after co-culture with platelets. Chondrocyte gene expression was measured by real-time PCR. Chondrocyte protein expression and phosphorylation were measured by western blot. Chondrocytes treated with or without platelets were transplanted into a rat model of OA induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate and the repair of articular cartilage was evaluated macroscopically and histologically. Platelets significantly promoted the proliferation of chondrocytes, while mildly influencing anabolic and catabolic activity. Chondrocytes co-cultured with platelets showed significantly increased production of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). The autocrine/paracrine effect of BMP7 was responsible for the increased proliferation of chondrocytes, via the ERK/CDK1/cyclin B1 signaling pathway. Transplantation of platelet-treated chondrocytes showed better cartilage repair in the OA model. Platelet-derived ADP was identified as the major mediator to promote the production of BMP7 and the proliferation of chondrocytes, through the ADP receptor P2Y1. Finally, direct injection of α,β-methyleneadenosine-5'-diphosphate into OA joints also enhanced cartilage repair. This study has identified that platelet-derived ADP, but not ATP, is the key mediator for platelet-promoted chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. This finding may provide a key explanation for the therapeutic effect of platelets in OA and help shaping a strategy to improve OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xingyao Cheng
- b Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University , Lishui , China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ming Yue
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Dongjiao Luo
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yuxi Niu
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- c Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China , and
| | - Jiansong Ji
- b Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University , Lishui , China
| | - Hu Hu
- a Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China .,d Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics , Zhejiang , China
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Long D, Ulici V, Chubinskaya S, Loeser R. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is increased in osteoarthritis and regulates chondrocyte catabolic and anabolic activities. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1523-31. [PMID: 25937027 PMCID: PMC4558365 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined if the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand HB-EGF is produced in cartilage and if it regulates chondrocyte anabolic or catabolic activity. METHODS HB-EGF expression was measured by quantitative PCR using RNA isolated from mouse knee joint tissues and from normal and osteoarthritis (OA) human chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on normal and OA human cartilage and meniscus sections. Cultured chondrocytes were treated with fibronectin fragments (FN-f) as a catabolic stimulus and osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1) as an anabolic stimulus. Effects of HB-EGF on cell signaling were analyzed by immunoblotting of selected signaling proteins. MMP-13 was measured in conditioned media, proteoglycan synthesis was measured by sulfate incorporation, and matrix gene expression by quantitative PCR. RESULTS HB-EGF expression was increased in 12-month old mice at 8 weeks after surgery to induce OA and increased amounts of HB-EGF were noted in human articular cartilage from OA knees. FN-f stimulated chondrocyte HB-EGF expression and HB-EGF stimulated chondrocyte MMP-13 production. However, HB-EGF was not required for FN-f stimulation of MMP-13 production. HB-EGF activated the ERK and p38 MAP kinases and stimulated phosphorylation of Smad1 at an inhibitory serine site which was associated with inhibition of OP-1 mediated proteoglycan synthesis and reduced aggrecan (ACAN) but not COL2A1 expression. CONCLUSION HB-EGF is a new factor identified in OA cartilage that promotes chondrocyte catabolic activity while inhibiting anabolic activity suggesting it could contribute to the catabolic-anabolic imbalance seen in OA cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.L. Long
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - V. Ulici
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - S. Chubinskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R.F. Loeser
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA,Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Corresponding author: Richard F. Loeser, MD, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Campus Box 7280, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7280, USA,
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Pest MA, Russell BA, Zhang YW, Jeong JW, Beier F. Disturbed cartilage and joint homeostasis resulting from a loss of mitogen-inducible gene 6 in a mouse model of joint dysfunction. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:2816-27. [PMID: 24966136 DOI: 10.1002/art.38758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG-6) regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in synovial joint tissues. Whole-body knockout of the Mig6 gene in mice has been shown to induce osteoarthritis and joint degeneration. To evaluate the role of chondrocytes in this process, Mig6 was conditionally deleted from Col2a1-expressing cell types in the cartilage of mice. METHODS Bone and cartilage in the synovial joints of cartilage-specific Mig6-deleted (knockout [KO]) mice and control littermates were compared. Histologic staining and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate joint pathology as well as the expression of key extracellular matrix and regulatory proteins. Calcified tissue in synovial joints was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and whole-skeleton staining. RESULTS Formation of long bones was found to be normal in KO animals. Cartilage thickness and proteoglycan staining of articular cartilage in the knee joints of 12-week-old KO mice were increased as compared to controls, with higher cellularity throughout the tissue. Radiopaque chondro-osseous nodules appeared in the knees of KO animals by 12 weeks of age and progressed to calcified bone-like tissue by 36 weeks of age. Nodules were also observed in the spine of 36-week-old animals. Erosion of bone at ligament entheses was evident by 12 weeks of age, by both histologic and micro-CT assessment. CONCLUSION MIG-6 expression in chondrocytes is important for the maintenance of cartilage and joint homeostasis. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling in chondrocytes results in anabolic activity in cartilage, but erosion of ligament entheses and the formation of ectopic chondro-osseous nodules severely disturb joint physiology.
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Shepard JB, Jeong JW, Maihle NJ, O'Brien S, Dealy CN. Transient anabolic effects accompany epidermal growth factor receptor signal activation in articular cartilage in vivo. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R60. [PMID: 23705804 PMCID: PMC4060279 DOI: 10.1186/ar4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Signals from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have typically been considered to provide catabolic activities in articular cartilage, and accordingly have been suggested to have a causal role in osteoarthritis progression. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo roles for endogenous EGFR signal activation in articular cartilage. Methods Transgenic mice with conditional, limb-targeted deletion of the endogenous intracellular EGFR inhibitor Mig-6 were generated using CreLoxP (Mig-6-flox; Prx1Cre) recombination. Histology, histochemical staining and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm activation of EGFR signaling in the articular cartilage and joints, and to analyze phenotypic consequences of Mig-6 loss on articular cartilage morphology, proliferation, expression of progenitor cell markers, presence of chondrocyte hypertrophy and degradation of articular cartilage matrix. Results The articular cartilage of Mig-6-conditional knockout (Mig-6-cko) mice was dramatically and significantly thicker than normal articular cartilage at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Mig-6-cko articular cartilage contained a population of chondrocytes in which EGFR signaling was activated, and which were three to four times more proliferative than normal Mig-6-flox articular chondrocytes. These cells expressed high levels of the master chondrogenic regulatory factor Sox9, as well as high levels of putative progenitor cell markers including superficial zone protein (SZP), growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and Notch1. Expression levels were also high for activated β-catenin and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) mediators phospho-Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3). Anabolic effects of EGFR activation in articular cartilage were followed by catabolic events, including matrix degradation, as determined by accumulation of aggrecan cleavage fragments, and onset of hypertrophy as determined by type × collagen expression. By 16 weeks of age, the articular cartilage of Mig-6-cko knees was no longer thickened and was degenerating. Conclusions These results demonstrate unexpected anabolic effects of EGFR signal activation in articular cartilage, and suggest the hypothesis that these effects may promote the expansion and/or activity of an endogenous EGFR-responsive cell population within the articular cartilage.
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Zhang X, Zhu J, Liu F, Li Y, Chandra A, Levin LS, Beier F, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Qin L. Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model. Bone Res 2014; 2:14015. [PMID: 26120493 PMCID: PMC4472123 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease
and a major cause of pain and disability in older
adults. We have previously identified epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR) signaling as an
important regulator of cartilage matrix degradation
during epiphyseal cartilage development. To study its
function in OA progression, we performed surgical
destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)
to induce OA in two mouse models with reduced EGFR
activity, one with genetic modification
(EgfrWa5/+
mice) and the other one with pharmacological
inhibition (gefitinib treatment).
Histological analyses and scoring at 3 months
post-surgery revealed increased cartilage destruction
and accelerated OA progression in both mouse models.
TUNEL staining demonstrated that EGFR signaling
protects chondrocytes from OA-induced apoptosis, which
was further confirmed in primary chondrocyte culture.
Immunohistochemistry showed increased aggrecan
degradation in these mouse models, which coincides with
elevated amounts of ADAMTS5 and matrix
metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), the principle
proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation, in
the articular cartilage after DMM surgery. Furthermore,
hypoxia-inducible factor 2α
(HIF2α), a critical catabolic
transcription factor stimulating MMP13 expression
during OA, was also upregulated in mice with reduced
EGFR signaling. Taken together, our findings
demonstrate a primarily protective role of EGFR during
OA progression by regulating chondrocyte survival and
cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Scott Levin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario , London, ON, Canada
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Joiner DM, Less KD, Van Wieren EM, Zhang YW, Hess D, Williams BO. Accelerated and increased joint damage in young mice with global inactivation of mitogen-inducible gene 6 after ligament and meniscus injury. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R81. [PMID: 24670222 PMCID: PMC4060238 DOI: 10.1186/ar4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ligament and meniscal damage can cause joint disease. Arthritic joints contain increased amounts of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, and polymorphisms in EGFR are associated with arthritis risk. The role of endogenous EGFR regulation during joint disease due to ligament and meniscal trauma is unknown. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG-6) can reduce EGFR phosphorylation and downstream signaling. We examined the effect of EGFR modulation by MIG-6 on joint disease development after ligament and meniscus injury. Methods Knee ligament transection and meniscus removal were performed surgically on mice homozygous for a global inactivating mutation in MIG-6 (Mig-6−/−) and in wild-type (WT) animals. Results Two weeks after surgery, Mig-6−/−mice had bone erosion as well as greater fibrous tissue area and serum RANKL concentration than WT mice. Four weeks after surgery, Mig-6−/−mice had less cartilage and increased cell proliferation relative to contralateral control and WT knees. Increased apoptotic cells and growth outside the articulating region occurred in Mig-6−/−mice. Tibia trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) and the number of trabeculae were lower in surgically treated knees relative to the respective control knees for both groups. BMD, as well as trabecular thickness and number, were lower in surgically treated knees from Mig-6−/−mice relative to WT surgically treated knees. Phosphorylated EGFR staining in surgically treated knees decreased for WT mice and increased for Mig-6−/−mice. Fewer inflammatory cells were present in the knees of WT mice. Conclusion Mig-6−/−mice have rapid and increased joint damage after ligament and meniscal trauma. Mig-6 modification could lessen degenerative disease development after this type of injury.
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Cartilage-specific deletion of Mig-6 results in osteoarthritis-like disorder with excessive articular chondrocyte proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2590-5. [PMID: 24550287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400744111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficiency of mitogen-inducible gene-6 (Mig-6) in mice leads to the development of an early-onset, osteoarthritis (OA)-like disorder in multiple synovial joints, underlying its importance in maintaining joint homeostasis. Here we determined what joint tissues Mig-6 is expressed in and what role chondrocytes play in the Mig-6-deficient OA-like disorder. A Mig-6/lacZ reporter mouse strain expressing β-galactosidase under the control of the Mig-6 gene promoter was generated to determine Mig-6 expression in joint tissues. By β-galactosidase staining, we demonstrated that Mig-6 was uniquely expressed in the cells across the entire surface of the synovial joint cavity, including chondrocytes in the superficial zone of articular cartilage and in the meniscus, as well as synovial lining cells. By crossing Mig-6-floxed mice to Col2a1-Cre transgenic mice, to generate cartilage-specific deletion of Mig-6, we demonstrated that deficiency of Mig-6 in the chondrocytes results in a joint phenotype that only partially recapitulates the OA-like disorder of the Mig-6-deficient mice: Ubiquitous deletion of Mig-6 led to the OA-like disorder in multiple joints, whereas cartilage-specific deletion affected the knees but rarely other joints. Furthermore, chondrocytes with Mig-6 deficiency showed excessive proliferative activities along with enhanced EGF receptor signaling in the articular cartilage and in the abnormally formed osteophytes. Our findings provide insight into the crucial requirement for Mig-6 in maintaining joint homeostasis and in regulating chondrocyte activities in the synovial joints. Our data also suggest that other cell types are required for fully developing the Mig-6-deficient OA-like disorder.
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Pro-inflammatory stimulation of meniscus cells increases production of matrix metalloproteinases and additional catabolic factors involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:264-74. [PMID: 24315792 PMCID: PMC3967850 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscus injury increases the risk of osteoarthritis; however, the biologic mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory stimulation of meniscus would increase production of matrix-degrading enzymes, cytokines and chemokines which cause joint tissue destruction and could contribute to osteoarthritis development. DESIGN Meniscus and cartilage tissue from healthy tissue donors and total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) was cultured. Primary cell cultures were stimulated with pro-inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, or fibronectin fragments (FnF)] and cellular responses were analyzed by real-time PCR, protein arrays and immunoblots. To determine if NF-κB was required for MMP production, meniscus cultures were treated with inflammatory factors with and without the NF-κB inhibitor, hypoestoxide. RESULTS Normal and osteoarthritic meniscus cells increased their MMP secretion in response to stimulation, but specific patterns emerged that were unique to each stimulus with the greatest number of MMPs expressed in response to FnF. Meniscus collagen and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene expression was reduced. Expression of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6), chemokines (IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CSF1) and components of the NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family were significantly increased. Cytokine and chemokine protein production was also increased by stimulation. When primary cell cultures were treated with hypoestoxide in conjunction with pro-inflammatory stimulation, p65 activation was reduced as were MMP-1 and MMP-3 production. CONCLUSIONS Pro-inflammatory stimulation of meniscus cells increased matrix metalloproteinase production and catabolic gene expression. The meniscus could have an active biologic role in osteoarthritis development following joint injury through increased production of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix-degrading enzymes.
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Bateman JF, Rowley L, Belluoccio D, Chan B, Bell K, Fosang AJ, Little CB. Transcriptomics of wild-type mice and mice lacking ADAMTS-5 activity identifies genes involved in osteoarthritis initiation and cartilage destruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1547-60. [PMID: 23436205 DOI: 10.1002/art.37900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify changes in gene expression in mice with osteoarthritis (OA) in order to explore the mechanisms of the disease. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed in cartilage from mice with surgically induced OA. We used wild-type (WT) mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, in which ADAMTS-5 activity is lacking and aggrecan loss and cartilage erosion are inhibited, to distinguish gene expression changes that are independent of ADAMTS-5 activity and cartilage breakdown. Mechanical instability was introduced into the knee joints of 10-week-old male mice via surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Cartilage from the developing lesion in the destabilized medial meniscus and corresponding regions in sham-operated joints was harvested by microdissection at 1, 2, and 6 weeks postsurgery, and RNA was extracted, amplified, and hybridized to whole-genome microarrays. RESULTS Several previously identified OA-related genes, including Ptgs2, Crlf1, and Inhba, and novel genes, such as Phdla2 and Il11, were up-regulated in both WT mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, indicating that they are independent of ADAMTS-5 activity. The altered expression of other genes, including Col10a1, the sentinel marker of cartilage hypertrophy, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes, required ADAMTS-5 activity. Cell death pathway genes were dysregulated, and Tp53, Foxo4, and Xbp1 endoplasmic reticulum-stress transcriptional networks were activated. Analysis of degradome genes identified up-regulation of many proteases, including Mmp3, Capn2, and the novel cartilage proteases Prss46 and Klk8. Comparison with other studies identified 16 genes also dysregulated in rat and human OA as priorities for study. CONCLUSION We have identified, for the first time, several genes that have an ADAMTS-5-independent role in OA, identifying them as possible OA initiation candidates. This work provides new insights into the sequence of gene dysregulation and the molecular basis of cartilage destruction in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bateman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Arthritis is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal problems, causing pain, disability, and a significant economic burden. In this article, we discuss current nonsurgical injectable treatment options as well as future trends for cartilage lesions and early arthritis of the knee. We cover some potential treatments for knee osteoarthritis, including stem cell and gene therapies.
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From notochord formation to hereditary chordoma: the many roles of Brachyury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:826435. [PMID: 23662285 PMCID: PMC3626178 DOI: 10.1155/2013/826435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare, but often malignant, bone cancer that preferentially affects the axial skeleton and the skull base. These tumors are both sporadic and hereditary and appear to occur more frequently after the fourth decade of life; however, modern technologies have increased the detection of pediatric chordomas. Chordomas originate from remnants of the notochord, the main embryonic axial structure that precedes the backbone, and share with notochord cells both histological features and the expression of characteristic genes. One such gene is Brachyury, which encodes for a sequence-specific transcription factor. Known for decades as a main regulator of notochord formation, Brachyury has recently gained interest as a biomarker and causative agent of chordoma, and therefore as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we review the main characteristics of chordoma, the molecular markers, and the clinical approaches currently available for the early detection and possible treatment of this cancer. In particular, we report on the current knowledge of the role of Brachyury and of its possible mechanisms of action in both notochord formation and chordoma etiogenesis.
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Fosang AJ, Beier F. Emerging Frontiers in cartilage and chondrocyte biology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 25:751-66. [PMID: 22265258 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a uniquely ordered tissue that is designed to resist compression and redistribute load, but is poorly equipped for self-repair. The chondrocyte is the only resident cell type, responsible for maintaining a specialised and extensive matrix that is avascular and lacks innervation. These attributes, as well as the slow turnover rate of aggrecan and type II collagen in mature articular cartilage, present a considerable challenge to the tissue engineer. Similarly, those attempting to halt the progression of cartilage erosion must contend with these unusual characteristics. This review explores the gaps in our knowledge of cartilage biology and pathology, including what is known about the relative contribution of collagenases and aggrecanases to cartilage degradation, the need to regulate the chondrocytic phenotype and the putative role of chondrocyte hypertrophy in the pathogenesis of degenerative and rheumatic joint disease. Recent advances in cartilage tissue engineering are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Fosang
- University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
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Ma A, Jiang L, Song L, Hu Y, Dun H, Daloze P, Yu Y, Jiang J, Zafarullah M, Chen H. Reconstruction of cartilage with clonal mesenchymal stem cell-acellular dermal matrix in cartilage defect model in nonhuman primates. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:399-408. [PMID: 23499511 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Articular cartilage defects are commonly associated with trauma, inflammation and osteoarthritis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is a promising novel approach for repairing articular cartilage. Direct intra-articular injection of uncommitted MSCs does not regenerate high-quality cartilage. This study explored utilization of a new three-dimensional, selected chondrogenic clonal MSC-loaded monkey acellular dermal matrix (MSC-ADM) scaffold to repair damaged cartilage in an experimental model of knee joint cartilage defect in Cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS MSCs were characterized for cell size, cell yield, phenotypes, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation capacity. Chondrogenic differentiation assays were performed at different MSC passages by sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), collagen, and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Selected chondrogenic clonal MSCs were seeded onto ADM scaffold with the sandwich model and MSC-loaded ADM grafts were analyzed by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Cartilage defects were treated with normal saline, clonal MSCs and clonal MSC-ADM grafts, respectively. The clinical parameters, and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were evaluated at weeks 8, 16, 24 post-treatment, respectively. RESULTS Polyclonal and clonal MSCs could differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage after stimulation with suitable chondrogenic factors. They expressed mesenchymal markers and were negative for hematopoietic markers. Articular cartilage defects were considerably improved and repaired by selected chondrogenic clonal MSC-based treatment, particularly, in MSC-ADM-treated group. The histological scores in MSC-ADM-treated group were consistently higher than those of other groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that selected chondrogenic clonal MSC-loaded ADM grafts could improve the cartilage lesions in Cynomolgus monkey model, which may be applicable for repairing similar human cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlun Ma
- Department of Surgery, Research Center, CHUM (CRCHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Yu DG, Ding HF, Mao YQ, Liu M, Yu B, Zhao X, Wang XQ, Li Y, Liu GW, Nie SB, Liu S, Zhu ZA. Strontium ranelate reduces cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in rat osteoarthritis model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:393-402. [PMID: 23334238 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether strontium ranelate (SR), a new antiosteoporotic agent, could attenuate cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Medial meniscal tear (MMT) operation was performed in adult SD rats to induce OA. SR (625 or 1800 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) was administered via gavage for 3 or 6 weeks. After the animals were sacrificed, articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated using toluidine blue O staining, SOX9 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. The changes in microarchitecture indices and tissue mineral density (TMD), chemical composition (mineral-to-collagen ratio), and intrinsic mechanical properties of the subchondral bones were measured using micro-CT scanning, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and nanoindentation testing, respectively. RESULTS The high-dose SR significantly attenuated cartilage matrix and chondrocyte loss at 6 weeks, and decreased chondrocyte apoptosis, improved the expression of SOX9, a critical transcription factor responsible for the expression of anabolic genes type II collagen and aggrecan, at both 3 and 6 weeks. Meanwhile, the high-dose SR also significantly attenuated the subchondral bone remodeling at both 3 and 6 weeks, as shown by the improved microarchitecture indices, TMD, mineral-to-collagen ratio and intrinsic mechanical properties. In contrast, the low-dose SR did not significantly change all the detection indices of cartilage and bone at both 3 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSION The high-dose SR treatment can reduce articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in the rat MMT model of OA.
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Jiang L, Ma A, Song L, Hu Y, Dun H, Daloze P, Yu Y, Jiang J, Zafarullah M, Chen H. Cartilage regeneration by selected chondrogenic clonal mesenchymal stem cells in the collagenase-induced monkey osteoarthritis model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 8:896-905. [PMID: 23335439 DOI: 10.1002/term.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, in which cartilage is irreversibly degraded, causing severe pain and disability. Current therapeutic strategies cannot repair damaged cartilage. We evaluated the repair potential of selected chondrogenic clonal MSCs (sC-MSCs) by delivering them into the injured cartilage site in a collagenase-induced OA model in Cynomolgus monkeys. In vitro characterization showed that the isolated monkey sC-MSCs and polyclonal MSCs (P-MSCs) expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and could differentiate into chondrocytes. The articular cartilage lesions in animals were treated with normal saline (NS), autologous P-MSCs and sC-MSCs, respectively, by direct delivery. The clinical parameters, radiographic images, histological and immunohistochemical examinations at weeks 8, 16 and 24 post-treatment demonstrated that the abrasions of articular cartilage were significantly improved and repaired by MSC-based treatment, particularly in the sC-MSC-treated group, which displayed consistently higher histological scores than those of other groups. In summary, treatment with sC-MSCs can effectively improve the healing of cartilage lesions in the Cynomolgus monkey collagenase-induced OA model. Due to the genetic proximity of monkey and human, the therapeutic strategy presented in this study will have broad applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Surgery, CRCHUM, Notre Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Usmani SE, Appleton CTG, Beier F. Transforming growth factor-alpha induces endothelin receptor A expression in osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1391-7. [PMID: 22407503 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, our lab identified transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα) as a novel factor involved in osteoarthritis (OA) in a surgical model of the disease. In the same study, we also observed increased transcript levels for endothelin receptor A (ET(A)R), a known contributor to cartilage pathology. To investigate the connection between TGFα and endothelin signaling in OA, primary articular chondrocytes and osteochondral explants were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with vehicle or TGFα. Expression of ET(A)R protein and its encoding gene Ednra was assessed. Chondrocytes and cartilage explants were also treated with the endothelin receptor A/B antagonist Bosentan, in order to determine whether TGFα effects could be blocked. TGFα induced expression of ET(A)R protein and its encoding gene Ednra. In primary chondrocyte cultures, Bosentan did not block TGFα responses of the anabolic genes Sox9, Agc1, and Col2a1, but reduced the induction of Mmp13 and Ednra transcripts by TGFα. In osteochondral explants, the inhibitor partially blocked TGFα reduction of type II collagen, as well as induction of MMP-13 and type II collagen neoepitopes. TGFα induces ET(A)R expression in articular chondrocytes and receptor antagonism appears to block some TGFα-induced catabolic effects in a three-dimensional organ culture system. Thus, TGFα may be a therapeutic target upstream of ET(A)R in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirine E Usmani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and disability in the aging population, but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Alterations beneath the articular cartilage at the osteochondral junction are attracting interest as possible mediators of pain and structural progression in OA. Osteochondral changes occur early during the development of OA and may aggravate pathology elsewhere in the joint. Loss of osteochondral integrity removes the barrier between intra-articular and subchondral compartments, exposing subchondral bone and its nerves to abnormal chemical and biomechanical influence. Osteochondral plasticity results in a merging of tissue compartments across the junction. Loss of the clearly differentiated demarcation between bone and articular cartilage is associated with invasion of articular cartilage by blood vessels and sensory nerves, and advancing endochondral ossification. Increased subchondral bone turnover is intimately associated with these alterations at the osteochondral junction. Cells signal across the osteochondral junction, and this cross-talk may be both a consequence of, and contribute to these pathological changes. Bone turnover, angiogenesis and nerve growth are also features of other diseases such as osteoporosis and cancers, for which therapeutic interventions are already advanced in their development. Here we review pathological changes at the osteochondral junction and explore their potential therapeutic implications for OA. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Osteoarthritis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Suri
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Usmani SE, Pest MA, Kim G, Ohora SN, Qin L, Beier F. Transforming growth factor alpha controls the transition from hypertrophic cartilage to bone during endochondral bone growth. Bone 2012; 51:131-41. [PMID: 22575362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have recently identified transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) as a novel growth factor involved in the joint disease osteoarthritis. The role of TGFα in normal cartilage and bone physiology however, has not been well defined. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the role of TGFα in bone development through investigation of the Tgfa knockout mouse. METHODS The gross skeletons as well as the cartilage growth plates of Tgfa knockout mice and their control littermates were examined during several developmental stages ranging from newborn to ten weeks old. RESULTS Knockout mice experienced skeletal growth retardation and expansion of the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate. These phenotypes were transient and spontaneously resolved by ten weeks of age. Tgfa knockout growth plates also had fewer osteoclasts along the cartilage/bone interface. Furthermore, knockout mice expressed less RUNX2, RANKL, and MMP13 mRNA in their cartilage growth plates than controls did. CONCLUSIONS Tgfa knockout mice experience a delay in bone development, specifically the conversion of hypertrophic cartilage to true bone. The persistence of the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate appears to be mediated by a decrease in MMP13 and RANKL expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes and a resulting reduction in osteoclast recruitment. Overall, TGFα appears to be an important growth factor regulating the conversion of cartilage to bone during the process of endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirine E Usmani
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Zhang X, Siclari VA, Lan S, Zhu J, Koyama E, Dupuis HL, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Beier F, Qin L. The critical role of the epidermal growth factor receptor in endochondral ossification. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2622-33. [PMID: 21887704 PMCID: PMC3200483 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity in mice alters growth plate development, impairs endochondral ossification, and retards growth. However, the detailed mechanism by which EGFR regulates endochondral bone formation is unknown. Here, we show that administration of an EGFR-specific small-molecule inhibitor, gefitinib, into 1-month-old rats for 7 days produced profound defects in long bone growth plate cartilage characterized by epiphyseal growth plate thickening and massive accumulation of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Immunostaining demonstrated that growth plate chondrocytes express EGFR, but endothelial cells and osteoclasts show little to no expression. Gefitinib did not alter chondrocyte proliferation or differentiation and vascular invasion into the hypertrophic cartilage. However, osteoclast recruitment and differentiation at the chondro-osseous junction were attenuated owing to decreased RANKL expression in the growth plate. Moreover, gefitinib treatment inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9, -13, and -14), increased the amount of collagen fibrils, and decreased degraded extracellular matrix products in the growth plate. In vitro, the EGFR ligand transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) strongly stimulated RANKL and MMPs expression and suppressed osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in primary chondrocytes. In addition, a mouse model of cartilage-specific EGFR inactivation exhibited a similar phenotype of hypertrophic cartilage enlargement. Together our data demonstrate that EGFR signaling supports osteoclastogenesis at the chondro-osseous junction and promotes chondrogenic expression of MMPs in the growth plate. Therefore, we conclude that EGFR signaling plays an essential role in the remodeling of growth plate cartilage extracellular matrix into bone during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Animal models of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Developmental mechanisms in articular cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS 2010; 2011:683970. [PMID: 22046522 PMCID: PMC3199933 DOI: 10.1155/2011/683970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritic condition, which involves progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. The most recent accomplishments have significantly advanced our understanding on the mechanisms of the disease development and progression. The most intriguing is the growing evidence indicating that extracellular matrix destruction in osteoarthritic articular cartilage resembles that in the hypertrophic zone of fetal growth plate during endochondral ossification. This suggests common regulatory mechanisms of matrix degradation in OA and in the development and can provide new approaches for the treatment of the disease by targeting reparation of chondrocyte phenotype.
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