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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder that leads to severe joint deformities, negatively affecting the patient's quality of life. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes and ectosomes, act as intercellular communication mediators in several physiological and pathological processes in various diseases including RA. In contrast, EVs secreted by mesenchymal stem cells perform an immunomodulatory function and stimulate cartilage repair, showing promising therapeutic results in animal models of RA. EVs from other sources, including dendritic cells, neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, also influence the biological function of immune and joint cells. This review describes the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of RA and presents evidence supporting future studies on the therapeutic potential of EVs from different sources. This information will contribute to a better understanding of RA development, as well as a starting point for exploring cell-free-based therapies for RA.
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Ramirez-Perez S, Oregon-Romero E, Reyes-Perez IV, Bhattaram P. Targeting MyD88 Downregulates Inflammatory Mediators and Pathogenic Processes in PBMC From DMARDs-Naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:800220. [PMID: 35002734 PMCID: PMC8735861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.800220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MyD88-dependent intracellular signalling cascades and subsequently NF-kappaB-mediated transcription lead to the dynamic inflammatory processes underlying the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and related autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to identify the effect of the MyD88 dimerization inhibitor, ST2825, as a modulator of pathogenic gene expression signatures and systemic inflammation in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)-naïve RA patients. We analyzed bulk RNA-seq from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in DMARDs-naïve RA patients after stimulation with LPS and IL-1β. The transcriptional profiles of ST2825-treated PBMC were analyzed to identify its therapeutic potential. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was implemented to identify downregulated pathogenic processes. Our analysis revealed 631 differentially expressed genes between DMARDs-naïve RA patients before and after ST2825 treatment. ST2825-treated RA PBMC exhibited a gene expression signature similar to that of healthy controls PBMC by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteases. In addition, B cell receptor, IL-17 and IL-15 signalling were critically downregulated pathways by ST2825. Furthermore, we identified eight genes (MMP9, CXCL9, MZB1, FUT7, TGM2, IGLV1-51, LINC01010, and CDK1) involved in pathogenic processes that ST2825 can potentially inhibit in distinct cell types within the RA synovium. Overall, our findings indicate that targeting MyD88 effectively downregulates systemic inflammatory mediators and modulates the pathogenic processes in PBMC from DMARDs-naïve RA patients. ST2825 could also potentially inhibit upregulated genes in the RA synovium, preventing synovitis and joint degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ramirez-Perez
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (IICB), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Pallavi Bhattaram
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Fischer A, Abdollahi‐Roodsaz S, Böhm C, Niederreiter B, Meyer B, Yau ACY, Lönnblom E, Joosten LAB, Koenders M, Lehmann CHK, Dudziak D, Krönke G, Holmdahl R, Steiner G. The involvement of Toll-like receptor 9 in the pathogenesis of erosive autoimmune arthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4399-4409. [PMID: 29992753 PMCID: PMC6111819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous nucleic acids and their receptors may be involved in the initiation of systemic autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As the role of the DNA sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 in RA is unclear, we aimed to investigate its involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis using three different experimental models of RA. The data obtained revealed involvement of TLR9 in the T cell-dependent phase of inflammatory arthritis. In rats with pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), TLR9 inhibition before disease onset reduced arthritis significantly and almost completely abolished bone erosion. Accordingly, serum levels of IL-6, α-1-acid-glycoprotein and rheumatoid factor were reduced. Moreover, in TLR9-/- mice, streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis was reduced in the T cell-dependent phase, whereas T cell-independent serum-transfer arthritis was not affected. Remarkably, while TLR7 expression did not change during in vitro osteoclastogenesis, TLR9 expression was higher in precursor cells than in mature osteoclasts and partial inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was achieved only by the TLR9 antagonist. These results demonstrate a pivotal role for TLR9 in the T cell-dependent phases of inflammatory arthritis and additionally suggest some role during osteoclastogenesis. Hence, endogenous DNA seems to be crucially involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fischer
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Shahla Abdollahi‐Roodsaz
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christina Böhm
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Brigitte Meyer
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anthony C. Y. Yau
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marije Koenders
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 ‐ Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Günter Steiner
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and RehabilitationViennaAustria
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Sikora KA, Bennett JR, Vyncke L, Deng Z, Tsai WL, Pauwels E, Layh-Schmitt G, Brundidge A, Navid F, Zaal KJM, Hanson E, Gadina M, Staudt LM, Griffin TA, Tavernier J, Peelman F, Colbert RA. Germline gain-of-function myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MYD88) mutation in a child with severe arthritis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1943-1947.e9. [PMID: 29427642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sikora
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Joshua R Bennett
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Laurens Vyncke
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zuoming Deng
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Wanxia Li Tsai
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Ewald Pauwels
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Gerlinde Layh-Schmitt
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - April Brundidge
- Office of Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Fatemeh Navid
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kristien J M Zaal
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Eric Hanson
- Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Thomas A Griffin
- Levine Children's Hospital at Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert A Colbert
- Pediatric Translational Research Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
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Guerrero ATG, Pinto LG, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, Alves-Filho JC, Verri WA, Cunha TM. Mechanisms underlying the hyperalgesic responses triggered by joint activation of TLR4. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1293-1300. [PMID: 27689757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) including TLR4 and their signal pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Herein, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying the hyperalgesic response caused by TLR4 activation in the tibio-tarsal joint in mice. METHODS Joint inflammatory hyperalgesia was induced by intra-articular (ia) injection of LPS (lipopolysaccharide- TLR4 agonist) in C57BL/6, TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, TRIF, TNFR1/2 and IL-1R1 knockout (-/-) mice. Joint hyperalgesia was evaluated using an electronic von Frey. Neutrophil recruitment was assessed by MPO activity. Joint levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Firstly, it was shown that LPS injected into the joints causes a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the mechanical nociceptive threshold. The TLR4 activation in the joint triggers mechanical hyperalgesia and neutrophil migration, which was abolished in TLR4 -/- and MyD88-/-, but not in TLR2-/- and TRIF-/- mice. Besides, joint administration of LPS increased the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and KC/CXCL1, which were reduced in TLR4-/- and MyD88-/-, but not in TRIF-/- mice. In agreement, the LPS-induced joint nociceptive effect was decreased in TNFR1/2-/- and IL-1R1-/- mice or in mice pre-treated with a CXCR1/2 selective antagonist (DF2156A). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TLR4 activation in the joint produces articular hyperalgesia via MyD88 signaling pathway. Moreover, this pathway is involved in the cascade of events of articular hyperalgesia through mechanisms dependent on cytokines and chemokines production. Thus, TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway inhibitors might be useful for the treatment of inflammatory joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T G Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul, Rua Gabriel Abrão 92, 79081-746 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Larissa G Pinto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid Km380 PR445, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Toll-like receptors and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases: new developments. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:344-57. [PMID: 27170508 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, new developments have been reported on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases. The inhibitory function of TLR10 has been demonstrated. Receptors that enhance the function of TLRs, and several TLR inhibitors, have been identified. In addition, the role of the microbiome and TLRs in the onset of rheumatic diseases has been reported. We review novel insights on the role of TLRs in several inflammatory joint diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout and Lyme arthritis, with a focus on the signalling mechanisms mediated by the Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, the exogenous and endogenous ligands of TLRs, and the current and future therapeutic strategies to target TLR signalling in rheumatic diseases.
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Ullah MO, Sweet MJ, Mansell A, Kellie S, Kobe B. TRIF-dependent TLR signaling, its functions in host defense and inflammation, and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:27-45. [PMID: 27162325 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ri1115-531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling is required for TLR-mediated production of type-I IFN and several other proinflammatory mediators. Various pathogens target the signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators acting in the TRIF pathway, thus demonstrating the importance of this pathway in host defense. Indeed, the TRIF pathway contributes to control of both viral and bacterial pathogens through promotion of inflammatory mediators and activation of antimicrobial responses. TRIF signaling also has both protective and pathologic roles in several chronic inflammatory disease conditions, as well as an essential function in wound-repair processes. Here, we review our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control TRIF-dependent TLR signaling, the role of the TRIF pathway in different infectious and noninfectious pathologic states, and the potential for manipulating TRIF-dependent TLR signaling for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obayed Ullah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Kellie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
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Marietta E, Rishi A, Taneja V. Immunogenetic control of the intestinal microbiota. Immunology 2015; 145:313-22. [PMID: 25913295 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All vertebrates contain a diverse collection of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, on their various body surfaces, and the ecological community of these microorganisms is referred to as the microbiota. Mucosal sites, such as the intestine, harbour the majority of microorganisms, and the human intestine contains the largest community of commensal and symbiotic bacteria. This intestinal community of bacteria is diverse, and there is a significant variability among individuals with respect to the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Both genetic and environmental factors can influence the diversity and composition of the intestinal bacteria with the predominant environmental factor being diet. So far, studies have shown that diet-dependent differences in the composition of intestinal bacteria can be classified into three groups, called enterotypes. Other environmental factors that can influence the composition include antibiotics, probiotics, smoking and drugs. Studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins have proven that genetics plays a role. Recently, MHC II genes have been associated with specific microbial compositions in human infants and transgenic mice that express different HLA alleles. There is a growing list of genes/molecules that are involved with the sensing and monitoring of the intestinal lumen by the intestinal immune system that, when genetically altered, will significantly alter the composition of the intestinal microflora. The focus of this review will be on the genetic factors that influence the composition of the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Marietta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abdul Rishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Anti-arthritic activity of N′-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3,4-dimethyl-5,5-dioxidopyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazin-1(4H)-yl)acetohydrazide. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:263-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Arthritis susceptibility and the gut microbiome. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4244-9. [PMID: 24873878 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology though both genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to be involved in its pathogenesis. While infections and other environmental factors (e.g. smoking) have been studied extensively and show some association, a direct link between all the factors has been difficult to prove. With the recent advances in technology, it has become possible to sequence the commensals that are residing in our gut. The gut microbiome may provide the missing link to this puzzle and help solve the mystery of many leaky gut syndromes. The gut commensals are involved in maintaining host immune homeostasis and function suggesting that they might be critical in altering the immune system, which leads to autoimmune diseases like RA. Mouse models support the role of the gut microbiota in predisposition to RA. If that is true, the power of gut-derived commensal can be harnessed to our benefit by generating a biomarker profile along with genetic factors to define individuals at risk and by altering the gut microbial composition using various means.
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Nasi S, Ea HK, Chobaz V, van Lent P, Lioté F, So A, Busso N. Dispensable role of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and MyD88-dependent toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2014; 81:320-4. [PMID: 24703622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of cell-membrane expressed TLRs and the signaling molecule MyD88 in a murine model of OA induced by knee menisectomy (surgical partial removal of the medial meniscus [MNX]). METHODS OA was induced in 8-10weeks old C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) female (n=7) mice and in knockout (KO) TLR-1 (n=7), -2 (n=8), -4 (n=9) -6 (n=5), MyD88 (n=8) mice by medial menisectomy, using the sham-operated contralateral knee as a control. Cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation were evaluated by knee joint histology using the OARSI scoring method. Apoptotic chondrocytes and cartilage metabolism (collagen II synthesis and MMP-mediated aggrecan degradation) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Operated knees exhibited OA features at 8weeks post-surgery compared to sham-operated ones. In menisectomized TLR-1, -2, -4, and -6 deficient mice, cartilage lesions, synovial inflammation and cartilage metabolism were similar to that in operated WT mice. Accordingly, using the same approach, we found no significant protection in MyD88-deficient mice in terms of OA progression as compared to WT littermates. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of TLRs or their signalling molecule MyD88 did not impact on the severity of experimental OA. Our results demonstrate that MyD88-dependent TLRs are not involved in this murine OA model. Moreover, the dispensable role of MyD88, which is also an adaptor for IL-1 receptor signaling, suggests that IL-1 is not a key mediator in the development of OA. This latter hypothesis is strengthened by the lack of efficiency of IL-1β antagonist in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nasi
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- INSERM, UMR-S 606, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot (UFR de Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Chobaz
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Lioté
- INSERM, UMR-S 606, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot (UFR de Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Alexander So
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Busso
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Al-Riyami L, Pineda MA, Rzepecka J, Huggan JK, Khalaf AI, Suckling CJ, Scott FJ, Rodgers DT, Harnett MM, Harnett W. Designing anti-inflammatory drugs from parasitic worms: a synthetic small molecule analogue of the Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 prevents development of collagen-induced arthritis. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9982-10002. [PMID: 24228757 PMCID: PMC4125414 DOI: 10.1021/jm401251p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In spite of increasing evidence that parasitic worms may protect humans from developing allergic and autoimmune diseases and the continuing identification of defined helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules, to date no new anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed from these organisms. We have approached this matter in a novel manner by synthesizing a library of drug-like small molecules based upon phosphorylcholine, the active moiety of the anti-inflammatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product, ES-62, which as an immunogenic protein is unsuitable for use as a drug. Following preliminary in vitro screening for inhibitory effects on relevant macrophage cytokine responses, a sulfone-containing phosphorylcholine analogue (11a) was selected for testing in an in vivo model of inflammation, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Testing revealed that 11a was as effective as ES-62 in protecting DBA/1 mice from developing CIA and mirrored its mechanism of action in downregulating the TLR/IL-1R transducer, MyD88. 11a is thus a novel prototype for anti-inflammatory drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamyaa Al-Riyami
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
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Yan JW, Wang YJ, Peng WJ, Tao JH, Wan YN, Li BZ, Mei B, Chen B, Yao H, Yang GJ, Li XP, Ye DQ, Wang J. Therapeutic potential of interleukin-17 in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:29-41. [PMID: 24147601 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.843669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that mainly produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells. In this article, we discussed the role of IL-17 in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, and the therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17. AREAS COVERED In this article, we discussed the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 and IL-17 receptors signals, and their regulation. IL-17 expression was abnormal in the bacterium, virus and fungus infection, and its higher level caused the tissue inflammation. IL-17 was involved in the pathological process of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and IL-17 has been put as a therapeutic target in the clinic. EXPERT OPINION IL-17/IL-17R signals and their application in inflammation process still need to be explored. Therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17 in autoimmune diseases ameliorated the inadequate response to anti-TNF-α therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Yan
- Anhui Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , NO.81, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, PR , China +86 551 65161175 ; +86 551 65161126 ;
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14
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Liu-Bryan R. Synovium and the innate inflammatory network in osteoarthritis progression. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2013; 15:323. [PMID: 23516014 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-013-0323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advancements in the understanding of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, particularly with attention to the roles of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), pattern recognition receptors (PPRs), and complement in synovitis development and cartilage degradation. Endogenous molecular products derived from cellular stress and extracellular matrix disruption can function as DAMPs to induce inflammatory responses and pro-catabolic events in vitro and promote synovitis and cartilage degradation in vivo via PRRs. Some of the DAMPs and PRRs display various capacities in driving synovitis and/or cartilage degradation in different models of animal studies. New findings reveal that the inflammatory complement cascade plays a key in the pathogenesis of OA. Crosstalk between joint tissues such as synovium and cartilage communicated at the cellular level within the innate immune inflammatory network is implicated to play an important role in OA progression. Further studies on how the innate immune inflammatory network impacts the OA disease process at different stages of progression will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liu-Bryan
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 111K, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Garg AV, Ahmed M, Vallejo AN, Ma A, Gaffen SL. The deubiquitinase A20 mediates feedback inhibition of interleukin-17 receptor signaling. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra44. [PMID: 23737552 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) is the signature cytokine of the T helper 17 (TH17) subset of CD4(+) T cells, and antibodies targeting IL-17 or the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) show clinical efficacy in several autoimmune diseases. Although important for protective immunity against microorganisms, IL-17 causes collateral damage in inflammatory settings. TNFAIP3 encodes the deubiquitinase A20 and is genetically linked to numerous autoimmune syndromes. A20, a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α signaling, removes ubiquitin from signaling intermediates upstream of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), thereby dampening NF-κB-mediated inflammation. We demonstrated that IL-17 stimulates TNFAIP3 expression. Enhanced IL-17-mediated induction of genes encoding proinflammatory factors, including IL-6 and various chemokines, occurred upon knockdown of A20 with short inhibitory RNA or in A20(-/-) cells. A20 associated with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) in an IL-17-dependent manner and restricted the IL-17-dependent activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. A20 interacted directly with the distal domain of IL-17RA, a previously defined inhibitory domain. Together, these data describe a mechanism of restraining IL-17 signaling and reveal an aspect of A20 activity that may help to explain its role in autoimmunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek V Garg
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Ho CC, Luo YH, Chuang TH, Yang CS, Ling YC, Lin P. Quantum dots induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression via MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in macrophages. Toxicology 2013; 308:1-9. [PMID: 23499856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are nano-sized semiconductors. Previously, intratracheal instillation of QD705s induces persistent inflammation in mouse lungs. In our present study, QD705-COOH and QD705-PEG activated NF-κB and increased monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in macrophages RAW264.7 via MyD88 dependent Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. MyD88 is an adapter protein for most TLRs to activate NF-κB. Silencing expression of MyD88 or p65 with siRNA or co-treatment with a NF-κB inhibitor tremendously abolished QD705s-induced NF-κB activity and MCP-1 expression. The involved TLRs might locate either on the cell surface or inside of cells. Co-treatment with a TLR4 inhibitor completely prevented MCP-1 induction by QD705-PEG. Nevertheless, QD705-COOH readily entered cells, and co-treatment with either inhibitors of endocytosis or intracellular TLRs prevented MCP-1 induction. These findings indicate that, depending on their surface modification, OD705s activate MyD88 dependent-TLRs at the surface or inside of the cells, which is an important mechanism for nanoparticles-induced inflammatory responses. But other MyD88-independent pathways may also involve in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ho
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Ellman MB, Kim JS, An HS, Chen D, KC R, An J, Dittakavi T, van Wijnen AJ, Cs-Szabo G, Li X, Xiao G, An S, Kim SG, Im HJ. Toll-like receptor adaptor signaling molecule MyD88 on intervertebral disk homeostasis: in vitro, ex vivo studies. Gene 2012; 505:283-90. [PMID: 22692007 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MyD88 is an adapter protein that links toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) with downstream signaling molecules. The MyD88 has been found to be an essential mediator in the development of osteoarthritis in articular cartilage. However, the role of the MyD88 pathway has yet to be elucidated in the intervertebral disk (IVD). Using in vitro techniques, we analyzed the effect of MyD88 pathway-specific inhibition on the potent inflammatory and catabolic mediator LPS and IL-1 in bovine and human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells by assessing matrix-degrading enzyme expression, including matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS family). We also analyzed inhibition of MyD88 in the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and TLR-2. Finally, we used an ex vivo organ culture model to assess the effects of MyD88 inhibitor (MyD88i) on catabolic factor-induced disk degeneration in mice lumbar disks. In bovine NP cells, MyD88i potently antagonizes LPS- or IL-1-mediated induction of cartilage-degrading enzyme production, including MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5. MyD88i also attenuates the LPS- or IL-1-mediated induction of iNOS and TLR-2 gene expression. Our ex vivo findings reveal inhibition of MyD88 via counteraction of IL-1-mediated proteoglycan depletion. The findings from this study demonstrate the potent anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects of inhibition of MyD88 pathway inhibition on IVD homeostasis, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of a MyD88i in degenerative disk disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ellman
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606124, USA
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation including autoimmune disease is an important risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) play a central role in osteoclast differentiation and function, and the molecular pathways by which M-CSF and RANKL induce osteoclast differentiation have been analyzed in detail. Proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption providing a link between inflammation and osteoporosis. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-17 are the most important proinflammatory cytokines triggering inflammatory bone loss. Inhibition of these cytokines has provided potent therapeutic effects in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Further investigation is needed to understand the pathophysiology and to develop new strategies to treat inflammatory bone loss. This review summarizes new data on inflammatory bone loss obtained in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Braun
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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