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Kiełbowski K, Stańska W, Bakinowska E, Rusiński M, Pawlik A. The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Psoriasis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3640-3675. [PMID: 38666958 PMCID: PMC11049642 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alarmins are immune-activating factors released after cellular injury or death. By secreting alarmins, cells can interact with immune cells and induce a variety of inflammatory responses. The broad family of alarmins involves several members, such as high-mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, interleukin-33, and heat shock proteins, among others. Studies have found that the concentrations and expression profiles of alarmins are altered in immune-mediated diseases. Furthermore, they are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. The aim of this narrative review is to present the current evidence on the role of alarmins in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriasis. We discuss their potential involvement in mechanisms underlying the progression of these diseases and whether they could become therapeutic targets. Moreover, we summarize the impact of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of these diseases on the expression of alarmins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Wiktoria Stańska
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rusiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
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Bartels YL, van Lent PLEM, van der Kraan PM, Blom AB, Bonger KM, van den Bosch MHJ. Inhibition of TLR4 signalling to dampen joint inflammation in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:608-618. [PMID: 37788083 PMCID: PMC10907820 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Local and systemic low-grade inflammation, mainly involving the innate immune system, plays an important role in the development of OA. A receptor playing a key role in initiation of this inflammation is the pattern-recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In the joint, various ligands for TLR4, many of which are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are present that can activate TLR4 signalling. This leads to the production of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators that cause joint damage. In this narrative review, we will first discuss the involvement of TLR4 ligands and signalling in OA. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of methods for inhibit, TLR4 signalling by RNA interference, neutralizing anti-TLR4 antibodies, small molecules and inhibitors targeting the TLR4 co-receptor MD2. Finally, we will focus on possible applications and challenges of these strategies in the dampening of inflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Bartels
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Saha S, Rebouh NY. Anti-Osteoarthritis Mechanism of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3176. [PMID: 38137397 PMCID: PMC10741080 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease and the primary pathogenic consequence of OA is inflammation, which can affect a variety of tissues including the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone. The development of the intra-articular microenvironment can be significantly influenced by the shift of synovial macrophages between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. By regulating macrophage inflammatory responses, the NF-κB signaling route is essential in the therapy of OA; whereas, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway appears to manage the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that under oxidative stress and inflammation, there is a significant interaction between transcriptional pathways involving Nrf2 and NF-κB. Studying how Nrf2 signaling affects inflammation and cellular metabolism may help us understand how to treat OA by reprogramming macrophage behavior because Nrf2 signaling is thought to affect cellular metabolism. The candidates for treating OA by promoting an anti-inflammatory mechanism by activating Nrf2 are also reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nazih Y. Rebouh
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Huang X, Liu J, Huang W. Identification of S100A8 as a common diagnostic biomarkers and exploring potential pathogenesis for osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185275. [PMID: 37497233 PMCID: PMC10366475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent musculoskeletal disease and the major contributor to disability worldwide. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been recognized as being associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. However, the exact mechanisms and links between the two are not clear. Methods We downloaded clinical information data and gene expression profiles for OA and MetS from the database of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and immune related gene (IRG) from the database of Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (IMMPORT). After screening OA-DEG and MetS-DEG, we identified the common immune hub gene by screening the overlapping genes between OA-DEG, MetS-DEG and IRG. Then we conducted single-gene analysis of S100A8, assessed the correlation of S100A8 with immune cell infiltration, and verified the diagnostic value of S100A8 in OA and MetS database respectively. Results 323 OA-DEGs,101 MetS-DEGs and an immune-related hub gene, S100A8, were identified. In single gene analysis of S100A8 in OA samples, GSEA suggested that immune-related biological processes were more significantly enriched. The results of immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the enrichment fraction of M2 macrophages was significantly higher in the high S100A8-expressing group, and the level of S100A8 expression was positively correlated with M2 macrophage infiltration. The results of the dataset validation showed that S100A8 expression levels were significantly upregulated in the OA group and performed well in the diagnosis of OA. In single gene analysis of S100A8 in MetS samples, immune cell infiltration analysis showed that monocyte infiltration was higher in the S100A8 high expression samples and that there was a positive correlation between the two. Dataset validation showed that S100A8 is of high value for the diagnosis of MetS. In the validation of the dataset for the four metabolism-related diseases (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia), S100A8 was expressed at higher levels in the disease group and also had a higher diagnostic value for the four metabolism-related diseases. Conclusion S100A8 is a common hub gene and diagnostic biomarker for OA and MetS, and the immune regulation involved in S100A8 may play a central role in the pathogenesis of OA and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Timmermans RGM, Blom AB, Bloks NGC, Nelissen RGHH, van der Linden EHMJ, van der Kraan PM, Meulenbelt I, Ramos YFM, van den Bosch MHJ. CCN4/WISP1 Promotes Migration of Human Primary Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2023; 14:67-75. [PMID: 36546648 PMCID: PMC10076902 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221144747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously, we have shown the involvement of cellular communication network factor 4/Wnt-activated protein Wnt-1-induced signaling protein 1 (CCN4/WISP1) in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage and its detrimental effects on cartilage. Here, we investigated characteristics of CCN4 in chondrocyte biology by exploring correlations of CCN4 with genes expressed in human OA cartilage with functional follow-up. DESIGN Spearman correlation analysis was performed for genes correlating with CCN4 using our previously established RNA sequencing dataset of human preserved OA cartilage of the RAAK study, followed by a pathway enrichment analysis for genes with ρ ≥|0.6.| Chondrocyte migration in the absence or presence of CCN4 was determined in a scratch assay, measuring scratch size using a live cell imager for up to 36 h. Changes in expression levels of 12 genes, correlating with CCN4 and involved in migratory processes, were determined with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Correlation of CCN4 with ρ ≥|0.6| was found for 58 genes in preserved human OA cartilage. Pathway analysis revealed "neural crest cell migration" as most significant enriched pathway, containing among others CORO1C, SEMA3C, and SMO. Addition of CCN4 to primary chondrocytes significantly enhance chondrocyte migration as demonstrated by reduced scratch size over the course of 36 h, but at the timepoints measured no effect was observed on mRNA expression of the 12 genes. CONCLUSION CCN4 increases cell migration of human primary OA chondrocytes. Since WISP1 expression is known to be increased in OA cartilage, this may serve to direct chondrocytes toward cartilage defects and orchestrate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie G M Timmermans
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Section Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek G C Bloks
- Section Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Section Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Section Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wu E, Zhu J, Ma Z, Tuo B, Terai S, Mizuno K, Li T, Liu X. Gastric alarmin release: A warning signal in the development of gastric mucosal diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008047. [PMID: 36275647 PMCID: PMC9583272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarmins exist outside cells and are early warning signals to the immune system; as such, alarmin receptors are widely distributed on various immune cells. Alarmins, proinflammatory molecular patterns associated with tissue damage, are usually released into the extracellular space, where they induce immune responses and participate in the damage and repair processes of mucosal diseases.In the stomach, gastric alarmin release has been shown to be involved in gastric mucosal inflammation, antibacterial defense, adaptive immunity, and wound healing; moreover, this release causes damage and results in the development of gastric mucosal diseases, including various types of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the role of alarmins in gastric mucosal diseases. This review focuses on the contribution of alarmins, including IL33, HMGB1, defensins and cathelicidins, to the gastric mucosal barrier and their role in gastric mucosal diseases. Here, we offer a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of gastric mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Liu, ; Taolang Li,
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemei Liu, ; Taolang Li,
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Terkawi MA, Ebata T, Yokota S, Takahashi D, Endo T, Matsumae G, Shimizu T, Kadoya K, Iwasaki N. Low-Grade Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies for Future Therapeutic Intervention. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051109. [PMID: 35625846 PMCID: PMC9139060 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and stiffness, with chronic pain in the affected joint. It has been proposed that OA progression is associated with the development of low-grade inflammation (LGI) in the joint. In support of this principle, LGI is now recognized as the major contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity, aging, and metabolic syndromes, which have been documented as among the most significant risk factors for developing OA. These discoveries have led to a new definition of the disease, and OA has recently been recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease of the joint. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)/alarmin molecules, the major cellular components that facilitate the interplay between cells in the cartilage and synovium, activate various molecular pathways involved in the initiation and maintenance of LGI in the joint, which, in turn, drives OA progression. A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms initiated by LGI in the joint represents a decisive step toward discovering therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA. Recent findings and discoveries regarding the involvement of LGI mediated by DAMPs in OA pathogenesis are discussed. Modulating communication between cells in the joint to decrease inflammation represents an attractive approach for the treatment of OA.
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Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways have been extensively studied in the context of several diseases, including cancer, coronary artery disease, and age-related disorders. β-Catenin plays a central role in the most studied Wnt pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, commonly referred to as the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. β-catenin is a substrate of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and the phosphorylated β-catenin by GSK-3β can be degraded by the proteasome through ubiquitination. Thus, GSK-3β inhibitors have become a widely used chemical biology tool to study the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Among the varied GSK-3β inhibitors, a compound known as CHIR-99021 is one of the most widely used. Although these inhibitors contribute greatly to our understanding of the canonical Wnt pathway, certain pitfalls associated with such an approach may have been overlooked. In many published studies, micromolar concentrations of CHIR-99021 are used to activate the canonical Wnt pathway. Although CHIR-99021 is a specific GSK-3β inhibitor, it specifically inhibits the kinase at the nanomolar level. Therefore, caution is required when micromolar levels of CHIR-99021 are used for the purpose of activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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Sun Y, Fan Y, Wang Z, Li M, Su D, Liu Y, Liang X. S100A16 promotes acute kidney injury by activating HRD1-induced ubiquitination and degradation of GSK3β and CK1α. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:184. [PMID: 35279748 PMCID: PMC8918193 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with the activation of multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, the mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in renal interstitial fibroblasts during AKI is unclear. S100 calcium-binding protein A16 (S100A16), a new member of calcium-binding protein S100 family, is a multi-functional signaling factor involved in various pathogenies, including tumors, glycolipid metabolism disorder, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the potential participation of S100A16 in Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation during AKI by subjecting wild-type (WT) and S100A16 knockout (S100A16+/−) mice to the ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), and revealed S100A16 upregulation in this model, in which knockout of S100A16 impeded the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and recovered the expression of downstream hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). We also found that S100A16 was highly expressed in Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) positive renal fibroblasts in vivo. Consistently, in rat renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F cells), both hypoxia/reoxygenation and S100A16 overexpression exacerbated fibroblasts apoptosis and inhibited HGF secretion; whereas S100A16 knockdown or Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor ICG-001 reversed these changes. Mechanistically, we showed that S100A16 promoted Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation via the ubiquitylation and degradation of β-catenin complex members, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and casein kinase 1α (CK1α), mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligase, the HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1). Our study identified the S100A16 as a key regulator in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dongming Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Lambert C, Zappia J, Sanchez C, Florin A, Dubuc JE, Henrotin Y. The Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) as Potential Targets to Treat Osteoarthritis: Perspectives From a Review of the Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:607186. [PMID: 33537330 PMCID: PMC7847938 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.607186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the osteoarthritis (OA) process, activation of immune systems, whether innate or adaptive, is strongly associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. This process is initiated and driven in the synovial membrane, especially by synovium cells, themselves previously activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released during cartilage degradation. These fragments exert their biological activities through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that, as a consequence, induce the activation of signaling pathways and beyond the release of inflammatory mediators, the latter contributing to the vicious cycle between cartilage and synovial membrane. The primary endpoint of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of these many molecules categorized as DAMPs and the contribution of the latter to the pathophysiology of OA. We will also discuss the different strategies to control their effects. We are convinced that a better understanding of DAMPs, their receptors, and associated pathological mechanisms represents a decisive issue for degenerative joint diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lambert
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Florin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Emile Dubuc
- Orthopaedic Department, University Clinics St. Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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Tian J, Gao SG, Li YS, Cheng C, Deng ZH, Luo W, Zhang FJ. The β-catenin/TCF-4 pathway regulates the expression of OPN in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:344. [PMID: 32819387 PMCID: PMC7441722 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage destruction is the main characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA), and osteopontin (OPN) is elevated in OA articular cartilage; however, the reason for the increased OPN level is not determined. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling participates in the progression of OA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether canonical Wnt signaling could regulate the expression of OPN in human chondrocytes in vitro. METHODS Human chondrocytes were cultured in vitro, and we first assayed the mRNA levels of OPN and β-catenin in chondrocytes. Next, we performed transient transfection of TCF 4 shRNA into chondrocytes to inhibit TCF 4 expression and explore changes in the OPN level. Then, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) was incubated with chondrocytes, and we assayed the changes in β-catenin and OPN. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression of both β-catenin and OPN was increased in OA chondrocytes, but there were no correlations between β-catenin and OPN expression. TCF4 shRNA downregulated the expression of TCF 4 and OPN in chondrocytes, while after treatment with rDKK-1 at a concentration of 400 ng/ml for 24 h, the mRNA and protein expression of both β-catenin and OPN was significantly decreased in chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Elevated OPN expression might be regulated by the β-catenin/TCF-4 pathway, and the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor DKK1 could inhibit the expression of β-catenin and OPN in OA chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shu-Guang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Yiyang Central Hospital, Clinical Medical Technology Demonstration Base for Minimally Invasive and Digital Orthopaedics in Hunan Province, No.118 North KangFu Road, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Han Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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12
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Lories RJ, Monteagudo S. Review Article: Is Wnt Signaling an Attractive Target for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis? Rheumatol Ther 2020; 7:259-270. [PMID: 32277404 PMCID: PMC7211213 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-020-00205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide and a leading cause of pain and disability. Increasing incidence of obesity and aging of the population are two factors that suggest that the impact of osteoarthritis will further increase at the society level. Currently, there are no drugs available that can manage both structural damage to the joint or the associated pain. Increasing evidence supports the view that the Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in this disease. The current concept, based on genetic and functional studies, indicates that tight regulation of Wnt signaling in cartilage is essential to keep the joint healthy. In this review, we discuss how this concept has evolved, provide insights into the regulation of Wnt signaling, in particular by Wnt modulators such as frizzled-related protein and DOT1-like histone lysine methyltransferase, and summarize preclinical evidence and molecular mechanisms of lorecivivint, the first Wnt antagonist in clinical development for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik J Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Silvia Monteagudo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Gao W, Lu M, Liu W, Li Y, Yin Z. Forkhead box C1 promotes the pathology of osteoarthritis by upregulating β-catenin in synovial fibroblasts. FEBS J 2019; 287:3065-3087. [PMID: 31837247 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, and no effective treatment is available. The OA classification has shifted from a cartilage-only disease to a whole-joint disease, and the synovial membrane plays an important role. Therefore, studies are needed to identify additional genes that regulate the pathological changes in the synovial membrane to develop a promising therapeutic strategy for OA. Here, we validated that the expression of forkhead box protein C1 (FoxC1) and β-catenin was upregulated in OA synovial membranes and synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that FoxC1 overexpression promoted, whilst silencing inhibited OA synovial fibroblast (OASF) proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] production. FoxC1 overexpression increased β-catenin mRNA, total and nuclear protein expression in OASFs and upregulated a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 5 (ADAMTS-5), fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) mRNA and total protein expression in OASFs. Conversely, FoxC1 knockdown reduced β-catenin mRNA, total and nuclear protein expression in OASFs and reduced ADAMTS-5, fibronectin, MMP3 and MMP13 mRNA and total protein expression in OASFs. β-catenin mediates FoxC1-induced pathological changes (proliferation, catabolic regulation and inflammation) in OASFs. MicroRNA-200a-3p (miR-200a-3p) binds to the 3'-UTR of FoxC1 and mediates FoxC1 expression. Intra-articular FoxC1-specific siRNA transfection hindered OA development in mice. Therefore, our results demonstrate the key role FoxC1 plays in vivo and in vitro in OA synovial pathology, possibly identifying a potential novel therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yetian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
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15
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Wu RW, Lian WS, Kuo CW, Chen YS, Ko JY, Wang FS. S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9 Represses Angiogenic Activity and Aggravates Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225786. [PMID: 31752076 PMCID: PMC6887714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage aggravation of femoral head collapse is a prominent pathologic feature of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In this regard, S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) is known to deteriorate joint integrity, however, little is understood about which role S100A9 may play in ONFH. In this study, a proteomics analysis has revealed a decrease in the serum S100A9 level in patients with ONFH upon hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Serum S100A9 levels, along with serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels were increased in patients with ONFH, whereas serum osteocalcin levels were decreased as compared to healthy controls. Serum S100A9 levels were increased with the Ficat and Arlet stages of ONFH and correlated with the patients with a history of being on glucocorticoid medication and alcohol consumption. Osteonecrotic tissue showed hypovasculature histopathology together with weak immunostaining for vessel marker CD31 and von Willrbrand factor (vWF) as compared to femoral head fracture specimens. Thrombosed vessels, fibrotic tissue, osteocytes, and inflammatory cells displayed strong S100A9 immunoreactivity in osteonecrotic lesion. In vitro, ONFH serum and S100A9 inhibited the tube formation of vessel endothelial cells and vessel outgrowth of rat aortic rings, whereas the antibody blockade of S100A9 improved angiogenic activities. Taken together, increased S100A9 levels are relevant to the development of ONFH. S100A9 appears to provoke avascular damage, ultimately accelerating femoral head deterioration through reducing angiogenesis. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the development of ONFH. Here, analysis also highlights that serum S100A9 is a sensitive biochemical indicator of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Re-Wen Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (R.-W.W.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Lian
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics & Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics & Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics & Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Yang Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (R.-W.W.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-S.L.); (C.-W.K.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics & Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Ahmad M, Hachemi Y, Paxian K, Mengele F, Koenen M, Tuckermann J. A Jack of All Trades: Impact of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Cross-Talk in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2460. [PMID: 31681333 PMCID: PMC6811614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to have a strong impact on the immune system, metabolism, and bone homeostasis. While these functions have been long investigated separately in immunology, metabolism, or bone biology, the understanding of how GCs regulate the cellular cross-talk between innate immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and other stromal cells has been garnering attention rather recently. Here we review the recent findings of GC action in osteoporosis, inflammatory bone diseases (rheumatoid and osteoarthritis), and bone regeneration during fracture healing. We focus on studies of pre-clinical animal models that enable dissecting the role of GC actions in innate immune cells, stromal cells, and bone cells using conditional and function-selective mutant mice of the GC receptor (GR), or mice with impaired GC signaling. Importantly, GCs do not only directly affect cellular functions, but also influence the cross-talk between mesenchymal and immune cells, contributing to both beneficial and adverse effects of GCs. Given the importance of endogenous GCs as stress hormones and the wide prescription of pharmaceutical GCs, an improved understanding of GC action is decisive for tackling inflammatory bone diseases, osteoporosis, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yasmine Hachemi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Paxian
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Mengele
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Praxisklinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Neurochirurgie Prof. Bischoff/ Dr. Spies/ Dr. Mengele, Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Mascha Koenen
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Zhou J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zeng H, Xu H, Lian F. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviated osteoarthritis and chondrocyte apoptosis through autophagy inducing. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2198-2212. [PMID: 30315711 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to explore the effect of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on a knee osteoarthritis rat model and analyze how ADMSCs affect chondrocyte apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A surgically induced rat knee osteoarthritis (OA) model was constructed. ADMSCs were engrafted into the right knee cavity. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, and Safranin O were used to compare the histopathology of synovial membrane and cartilage. Immunohistochemical (IHC) was used to measure MMP-13, Collagen 2 (Col-2), Caspase-3 (Cas-3), PARP, p62, LC3b, DDR-2, FGFR-1, Wnt, P-AKT/AKT, p-CAMKII/CAMKII, and p-Smad1/Smad1 expression in the articular cartilage. qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of markers in chondrocytes. TUNEL and Annexin-V were used to assess apoptosis. RESULTS Histological analysis showed that ADMSCs alleviated the deterioration of cartilage and osteoarthritis. ADMSCs coculture increase the expression of Col2 and Sox-9, while down regulated MMP-13 in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. ADMSCs decreased proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. ADMSCs enhanced the viability of IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. ADMSC attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis. The pretreatment of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reversed the reduction of Caspase-3 caused by ADMSCs, showing that the antiapoptotic effect was associated with autophagy inducing. ADMSCs significantly reduced the expression of FGFR-1, DDR-2, and Wnt in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. ADMSCs reduced the ratio of p-Smad1/Smad1 and p-CAMK II/CAMKII, and increased the ratio of p-AKT/AKT. CONCLUSIONS ADMSCs treatment alleviate osteoarthritis in rat OA models. AMDSCs reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and protected against apoptosis through autophagy inducing. ADMSCs' function could be related to multiple signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanjiang Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Lian
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Ruan G, Xu J, Wang K, Zheng S, Wu J, Ren J, Bian F, Chang B, Zhu Z, Han W, Ding C. Associations between serum S100A8/S100A9 and knee symptoms, joint structures and cartilage enzymes in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:99-105. [PMID: 30240939 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal studies suggest that S100A8/S100A9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA); however, there has been no clinical study examining the associations between serum S100A8/S100A9 and knee symptoms, joint structures and cartilage degradation enzymes in knee OA patients so far. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional associations between serum levels of S100A8/S100A9 and the outcomes in patients with knee OA. DESIGN A total of 141 subjects with clinical knee OA were included. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score was used to assess joint symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure knee structural abnormalities including cartilage defects. Knee radiography was used to assess joint space narrowing (JSN), osteophytes and the radiographic severity of OA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of S100A8/S100A9, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP10 and MMP13. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, serum S100A8/S100A9 were positively associated with total WOMAC score (β: 0.111 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.021), WOMAC weight-bearing pain (β: 0.015 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.043) and WOMAC physical dysfunction (β: 0.091 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.010), and had positive associations with total cartilage defects and cartilage defects at lateral femoral, lateral tibial and medial femoral sites (ORs: 1.006-1.008 per 10 ng/ml, all P < 0.05) and serum levels of MMP3 (β: 0.002 per 10 ng/ml, P = 0.032) in patients with clinical knee OA. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of S100A8/S100A9 were positively associated with increased knee symptoms, cartilage defects and serum cartilage degradation enzymes in patients with knee OA, suggesting that S100A8/S100A9 may have a role to play in knee OA. Future longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - J Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - K Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - S Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - J Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - J Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - F Bian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - B Chang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Z Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - W Han
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - C Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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19
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van den Bosch MHJ. Inflammation in osteoarthritis: is it time to dampen the alarm(in) in this debilitating disease? Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:153-166. [PMID: 30421798 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that strongly reduces the quality of life in patients; However, no disease-modifying therapy is available. For a long time, OA was considered a non-inflammatory disease that was the result of 'wear-and-tear' and abnormal mechanics, and therefore many considered the term 'osteoarthritis' a misnomer. However, during the last decades the notion arose that inflammation is not only present in the majority of OA patients but, rather, actively involved in the progression of the disease. Influx of immune cells is observed in the synovium and a plethora of inflammatory mediators is present in tissues and fluids from OA patients. These mediators cause the production of degrading enzymes that break down the cartilage matrix, which is the main hallmark of OA. Alarmins, which belong to the group of danger signals, have been implicated in many inflammatory diseases. They are among the first factors to be released upon cell stress due to, for example, infection, damage and inflammation. They attract and activate cells of the immune system and therefore lie at the base of the inflammatory reaction. In this narrative review, an overview of the history of OA, the evolving concept of inflammation as important factor in the OA pathogenesis, and particularly the central role that alarmins play in the initiation and maintenance of the low-grade inflammatory response in OA, is provided. Moreover, the targeting of alarmins as a promising approach to dampen the inflammation in OA is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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20
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Ribitsch I, Mayer RL, Egerbacher M, Gabner S, Kańduła MM, Rosser J, Haltmayer E, Auer U, Gültekin S, Huber J, Bileck A, Kreil DP, Gerner C, Jenner F. Fetal articular cartilage regeneration versus adult fibrocartilaginous repair: secretome proteomics unravels molecular mechanisms in an ovine model. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/7/dmm033092. [PMID: 29991479 PMCID: PMC6078409 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide owing to the limited regenerative capacity of adult articular cartilage. Currently, there are no disease-modifying pharmacological or surgical therapies for OA. Fetal mammals, in contrast to adults, are capable of regenerating injured cartilage in the first two trimesters of gestation. A deeper understanding of the properties intrinsic to the response of fetal tissue to injury would allow us to modulate the way in which adult tissue responds to injury. In this study, we employed secretome proteomics to compare fetal and adult protein regulation in response to cartilage injury using an ovine cartilage defect model. The most relevant events comprised proteins associated with the immune response and inflammation, proteins specific for cartilage tissue and cartilage development, and proteins involved in cell growth and proliferation. Alarmins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 and coiled-coil domain containing 88A (CCDC88A), which are associated with inflammatory processes, were found to be significantly upregulated following injury in adult, but not in fetal animals. By contrast, cartilage-specific proteins like proteoglycan 4 were upregulated in response to injury only in fetal sheep postinjury. Our results demonstrate the power and relevance of the ovine fetal cartilage regeneration model presented here for the first time. The identification of previously unrecognized modulatory proteins that plausibly affect the healing process holds great promise for potential therapeutic interventions. Summary: Secretome proteomics identifies differential regulation of inflammation modulators during fetal and adult articular cartilage defect healing, offering novel strategies for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Simone Gabner
- Histology & Embryology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Maciej M Kańduła
- Department of Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Vienna 1180, Austria.,Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Julie Rosser
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Eva Haltmayer
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Ulrike Auer
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Sinan Gültekin
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Johann Huber
- Teaching and Research Farm Kremesberg, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - David P Kreil
- Department of Biotechnology, Boku University Vienna, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- VETERM, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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21
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Mizobuchi H, Fujii W, Ishizuka K, Wang Y, Watanabe S, Sanjoba C, Matsumoto Y, Goto Y. MRP14 is dispensable for LPS-induced shock in BALB/c mice. Immunol Lett 2017; 194:13-20. [PMID: 29253495 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein (MRP) 14 and MRP8 are abundantly expressed by myeloid cells and are involved in various inflammatory disorders. Although accumulating evidence revealed the roles of MRP14 and MRP8 in inflammatory responses by using MRP14-knockout (KO) mice, the KO mice were only available in the C57BL/6 background. We established BALB/c-background MRP14-KO mice to examine if its biological functions are conserved in mice with a different genetic background. MRP14-KO BALB/c mice showed different phenotypes from the reported MRP14-KO C57BL/6 mice in terms of bone marrow cell response to LPS and peripheral leukocyte population. When an acute lethal dose of LPS was injected, the survival rate was not different between MRP14-KO and WT mice, which was also different from results previously reported on C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that immunological functions of MRP14, and possibly also the associated molecule MRP8, are different between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, at least in the response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yihan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Monteagudo S, Lories RJ. Cushioning the cartilage: a canonical Wnt restricting matter. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:670-681. [PMID: 29021569 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling pathways have key roles in joint development, homeostasis and disease, particularly in osteoarthritis. New data is starting to reveal the importance of tightly regulating canonical Wnt signalling pathway activation to maintain homeostasis and health in articular cartilage. In addition to the presence of different Wnt antagonists that limit pathway activation in articular cartilage, the reciprocal crosstalk between the canonical and non-canonical cascades and competitive antagonism between different Wnt ligands seem to be critical in restraining excessive Wnt pathway activation. Changes in transcriptional complex assembly upon Wnt pathway activation, epigenetic modulation of target gene transcription, in particular through histone modifications, and complex interactions between the Wnt signalling pathway and other signalling pathways, are also instrumental in adjusting Wnt signalling. In this Review, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in fine-tuning canonical Wnt signalling in the joint are updated, with a focus on the articular cartilage. The interventions for preventing or treating osteoarthritis are also discussed, which should aim to limit disease-associated excessive canonical Wnt activity to avoid joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Monteagudo
- Laboratory for Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik J Lories
- Laboratory for Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Discriminating Value of Calprotectin in Disease Activity and Progression of Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis. DISEASE MARKERS 2017. [PMID: 28630526 PMCID: PMC5463132 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7574147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been controversial whether ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) are separate or different phases of radiographic progression. We determined that serum calprotectin level (ng/ml) was higher in AS (15.30 ± 6.49) and nr-axSpA (17.76 ± 8.59) patients than in healthy individuals (7.40 ± 2.67). No difference was observed in calprotectin level between these two groups. Elevated calprotectin was positively correlated with ESR, CRP, BASDAI, and ASDAS as well as SPARCC scoring and had no correlation with BASFI and mSASSS. No correlation was observed between calprotectin and Wnt/β-catenin pathway markers. Serum calprotectin can be used as a marker for inflammation in both nr-axSpA and AS, while it does not contribute to the discrimination of AS and nr-axSpA. Calprotectin-mediated inflammation was not correlated with principle effectors of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, indicating that inflammation and bone fusion might be separate processes of the disease.
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Theologis T, Efstathopoulos N, Nikolaou V, Charikopoulos I, Papapavlos I, Kokkoris P, Papatheodorou A, Nasiri-Ansari N, Kassi E. Association between serum and synovial fluid Dickkopf-1 levels with radiographic severity in primary knee osteoarthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1865-1872. [PMID: 28451870 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) contributes to disability among middle-aged and elderly people. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and sclerostin are inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway implicated in regulation of cartilage homeostasis and bone formation, respectively. We aim to investigate the association between the serum(s) and synovial fluid (SF) Dkk-1 and sclerostin levels and disease severity in patients with primary knee OA. Forty patients aged 56-87 years with primary knee OA and 20 healthy individuals were recruited. Weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographs of the affected knee were used to determine the disease severity according to Kellgren and Lawrence criteria. Dkk-1 and sclerostin levels in serum and SF were measured by ELISA. SF Dkk-1 levels were significantly higher in the OA, compared to control group (180 ± 182 vs 128 ± 330 pg/ml, p < 0.001). However, OA patients did not differ significantly regarding the sDkk-1 concentrations compared to healthy controls (1289.8 pg/ml vs 1214.1, respectively, p = 0.630). SF Dkk-1 levels in Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade 4 were significantly elevated compared to those of KL grades 2 and 3 (1.97 vs 2.23 pg/ml, p = 0.017, log transformed because data were not normally distributed), whereas sDkk-1 levels between those groups demonstrated marginally statistically significant difference (1111.8 vs 1415.9 pg/ml, p = 0.057). SFSclerostin and sSclerostin levels did not have any significant difference between the OA and control groups. SF Dkk-1 levels are positively related to the severity of joint damage in knee OA. Sclerostin levels failed to substantiate an association to knee OA progression. Dkk-1 could play a potential role in the degenerative process of OA. Thus, DKK-1 may emerge as a promising future therapeutic manipulation of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theologis
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Thriasio General Hospital-NHS, G. Gennimata Avenue, 19600, Magoula, Attica, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Efstathopoulos
- 2nd Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2-4 Agias Olgas Str, 14233, Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Nikolaou
- 2nd Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2-4 Agias Olgas Str, 14233, Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charikopoulos
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Thriasio General Hospital-NHS, G. Gennimata Avenue, 19600, Magoula, Attica, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papapavlos
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Thriasio General Hospital-NHS, G. Gennimata Avenue, 19600, Magoula, Attica, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Kokkoris
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papatheodorou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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Brandenburg J, Reiling N. The Wnt Blows: On the Functional Role of Wnt Signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Beyond. Front Immunol 2016; 7:635. [PMID: 28082976 PMCID: PMC5183615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that the Wnt signaling pathway, known for its essential functions in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, exerts immunomodulatory functions during inflammation and infection. Most functional studies indicate that Wnt5a exerts pro-inflammatory functions on its cellular targets, which include various types of immune and non-immune cells. Wnt5a expression has also been linked to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Activation of beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling, e.g., by Wnt3a, has however been shown to limit inflammation by interfering with the nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kappaB) pathway. This review focuses on the regulation of Wnt5a, Wnt3a, and the recently identified Wnt6 and their functional role in bacterial infections with a primary focus on pulmonary tuberculosis, a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Brandenburg
- Microbial Interface Biology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Microbial Interface Biology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
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van den Bosch MH, Blom AB, Schelbergen RF, Koenders MI, van de Loo FA, van den Berg WB, Vogl T, Roth J, van der Kraan PM, van Lent PL. Alarmin S100A9 Induces Proinflammatory and Catabolic Effects Predominantly in the M1 Macrophages of Human Osteoarthritic Synovium. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1874-1884. [PMID: 27481901 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 have been shown to regulate synovial activation, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis (OA). Here we investigated the effect of S100A9 on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) in OA synovium, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-differentiated/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-differentiated macrophages, and OA fibroblasts. METHODS We determined which cell types in the synovium produced S100A8 and S100A9. Further, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMP, and the activation of canonical Wnt signaling, was determined in human OA synovium, OA fibroblasts, and monocyte-derived macrophages following stimulation with S100A9. RESULTS We observed that S100A8 and S100A9 were mainly produced by GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages present in the synovium, and to a lesser extent by M-CSF-differentiated macrophages, but not by fibroblasts. S100A9 stimulation of OA synovial tissue increased the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, various MMP were upregulated after S100A9 stimulation. Experiments to determine which cell type was responsible for these effects revealed that mainly stimulation of GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages and to a lesser extent M-CSF-differentiated macrophages with S100A9 increased the expression of these proinflammatory cytokines and MMP. In contrast, stimulation of fibroblasts with S100A9 did not affect their expression. Finally, stimulation of GM-CSF-differentiated, but not M-CSF-differentiated macrophages with S100A9 activated canonical Wnt signaling, whereas incubation of OA synovium with the S100A9 inhibitor paquinimod reduced the activation of canonical Wnt signaling. CONCLUSION Predominantly mediated by M1-like macrophages, the alarmin S100A9 stimulates the production of proinflammatory and catabolic mediators and activates canonical Wnt signaling in OA synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H van den Bosch
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Arjen B Blom
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Rik F Schelbergen
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Marije I Koenders
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Fons A van de Loo
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Thomas Vogl
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Johannes Roth
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center
| | - Peter L van Lent
- From Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.M.H. van den Bosch, MSc, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; A.B. Blom, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; R.F. Schelbergen, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; M.I. Koenders, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; F.A. van de Loo, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; W.B. van den Berg, PhD, Professor, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; T. Vogl, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster; J. Roth, PhD, Professor, Institute of Immunology, University of Münster; P.M. van der Kraan, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center; P.L. van Lent, PhD, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Alarmins are constitutively present endogenous molecules that essentially act as early warning signals for the immune system. We provide a brief overview of major alarmins and highlight their roles in tumor immunity. METHODS We searched PubMed up to January 10, 2016, using alarmins and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), as key words. We selected and reviewed articles that focused on the discovery and functions of alarmin and their roles in tumor immunity. FINDINGS Alarmins are essentially endogenous immunostimulatory DAMP molecules that are exposed in response to danger (eg, infection or tissue injury) as a result of degranulation, cell death, or induction. They are sensed by chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors to induce immune responses by promoting the recruitment and activation of leukocytes, particularly antigen-presenting cells. IMPLICATIONS Accumulating data suggest that certain alarmins, High-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1) in particular, contribute to the generation of antitumor immunity. Some alarmins can also be used as cancer biomarkers. Therefore, alarmins can potentially be applied for our fight against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Nie
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Guizhou Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
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