1
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Cao J, Chen X, Ma X, Zhang T, Sun W. Theoretical study on the photophysical properties of thiophene-fused-type BODIPY series molecules in fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21520-21529. [PMID: 39082090 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
As a class of photosensitizers (PSs) with dual functions of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence imaging, the relationship between the structure and dual-function of thiophene-fused-type BODIPY dyes has not been studied in depth before. We found that the thiophene-fused-type BODIPY triplet photosensitizer is produced according to the energy level matching rule and the introduction of the thiophene ring significantly reduces the energy gap ΔEST between singlet and triplet states, as revealed by our investigation of the excited state structures and energies of thieno-fused BODIPY dyes. At the same time, a tiny ΔEST also results in a greatly enhanced intersystem crossing (ISC) rate, kISC. The kISC value of MeO-BODIPY, having the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ), is the largest. Substitution with a strong electron donor N,N-dimethylaminophenyl (DMA) leads to the vertical configuration in the T1 state. The small ΔE (0.0029 eV) between the HOMO and HOMO-1 triggers the photo induced electron transfer (PET) of inhibiting ISC and fluorescence. When thieno-fused BODIPYs react with pyrrole, the increase of π-conjugation and smaller ΔEHOMO-LUMO explain the redshift in emission wavelength of thieno-pyrrole-fused BODIPY. The more planar configuration of the S1 state and the stronger oscillator intensity reflect a higher fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF). The extension of π-conjugation can cause molecules to transition to higher-level singlet excited states (Sn states, n ≥ 1) after absorbing energy and reduce the energy level of the excited state, resulting in multiple channels and favoring 1O2 production for thieno-pyrrole-fused BODIPYs with electron-withdrawing groups at the para-position of the phenyl groups. Due to ΔES0-T1 < 0.980 eV, the substitution of electron-donating groups cannot produce 1O2. In this work, we have revealed the mechanism of ISC and the fluorescence emission process in the thiophene-fused-type BODIPY dye, which has provided a theoretical foundation and guidance for the future design of BODIPY-based heavy-atom-free PSs for molecular applications in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China.
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China.
| | - Xue Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China.
| | - Tianci Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District, Dalian, 116024, China.
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2
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Wang R, Hua S, Xing Y, Wang R, Wang H, Jiang T, Yu F. Organic dye-based photosensitizers for fluorescence imaging-guided cancer phototheranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2024; 513:215866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
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3
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Campbell JW, Tung MT, Taylor BB, Beharry AA, Thompson A. A series of potent BODIPY photosensitisers featuring tellurophene motifs at boron. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4157-4162. [PMID: 38715527 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00546e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and photophysical properties of a series of BODIPY photosensitisers that feature tellurophene motifs appended at the boron centre. These compounds were obtained via nucleophilic substitution of various F-BODIPYs with lithiated tellurophene. The synthetic scope, photophysical characteristics and photosensitisation properties are discussed. Structural modifications around the BODIPY core resulted in an eight-fold improvement in light IC50 values compared to previous designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
| | - Matthew T Tung
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Breanna B Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
| | - Andrew A Beharry
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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4
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Pham TC, Cho M, Nguyen VN, Nguyen VKT, Kim G, Lee S, Dehaen W, Yoon J, Lee S. Charge Transfer-Promoted Excited State of a Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizer for Efficient Application of Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescence Imaging and Hypoxia Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21699-21708. [PMID: 38634764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Conventional photosensitizers (PSs) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have shown preliminary success; however, they are often associated with several limitations including potential dark toxicity in healthy tissues, limited efficacy under acidic and hypoxic conditions, suboptimal fluorescence imaging capabilities, and nonspecific targeting during treatment. In response to these challenges, we developed a heavy-atom-free PS, denoted as Cz-SB, by incorporating ethyl carbazole into a thiophene-fused BODIPY core. A comprehensive investigation into the photophysical properties of Cz-SB was conducted through a synergistic approach involving experimental and computational investigations. The enhancement of intersystem crossing (kISC) and fluorescence emission (kfl) rate constants was achieved through a donor-acceptor pair-mediated charge transfer mechanism. Consequently, Cz-SB demonstrated remarkable efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under acidic and low-oxygen conditions, making it particularly effective for hypoxic cancer PDT. Furthermore, Cz-SB exhibited good biocompatibility, fluorescence imaging capabilities, and a high degree of localization within the mitochondria of living cells. We posit that Cz-SB holds substantial prospects as a versatile PS with innovative molecular design, representing a potential "one-for-all" solution in the realm of cancer phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Moonyeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Van Kieu Thuy Nguyen
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seongman Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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5
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Fu X, Man Y, Yu C, Sun Y, Hao E, Wu Q, Hu A, Li G, Wang CC, Li J. Unsymmetrical Benzothieno-Fused BODIPYs as Efficient NIR Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4826-4839. [PMID: 38471124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free photosensitizers are potentially suitable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this contribution, a new family of unsymmetrical benzothieno-fused BODIPYs with reactive oxygen efficiency up to 50% in air-saturated toluene was reported. Their efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) resulted in the generation of both 1O2 and O2-• under irradiation. More importantly, the PDT efficacy of a respective 4-methoxystyryl-modified benzothieno-fused BODIPY in living cells exhibited an extremely high phototoxicity with an ultralow IC50 value of 2.78 nM. The results revealed that the incorporation of an electron-donating group at the α-position of the unsymmetrical benzothieno-fused BODIPY platform might be an effective approach for developing long-wavelength absorbing heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yingxiu Man
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yingzhu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Anzhi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang L. NIR-II Absorbing Monodispersed Oligomers Based on N-B←N Unit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310838. [PMID: 37635075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules with near-infrared II (NIR II) light absorption are essential for many biological and opto-electronic applications. Herein, we report monodispersed oligomers as NIR II light absorber using a new molecular design strategy of resonant N-B←N unit, i.e. balanced resonant boron-nitrogen covalent bond (B-N) and boron-nitrogen coordination bond (B←N). We synthesize a series of monodispersed oligomers with thiophene-fused 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (TB), which contains resonant N-B←N unit, as the repeating unit. The TB pentamer exhibits the maximum absorption wavelength of 1169 nm, which is the longest for oligomers reported so far. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) with the TB tetramer as the electron acceptor shows the specific detectivity of 2.98×1011 Jones at 1180 nm under zero bias. This performance is among the best for NIR II OPDs. These results indicate a new kind of NIR II absorbing molecules as excellent opto-electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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7
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Wang Y, Staudinger JN, Mindt TL, Gasser G. Theranostics with photodynamic therapy for personalized medicine: to see and to treat. Theranostics 2023; 13:5501-5544. [PMID: 37908729 PMCID: PMC10614685 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an approved treatment modality, which is presently receiving great attention due to its limited invasiveness, high selectivity and limited susceptibility to drug resistance. Another related research area currently expanding rapidly is the development of novel theranostic agents based on the combination of PDT with different imaging technologies, which allows for both therapy and diagnosis. This combination can help to address issues of suboptimal biodistribution and selectivity through regional imaging, while therapeutic agents enable an effective and personalized therapy. In this review, we describe compounds, whose structures combine PDT photosensitizers with different imaging probes - including examples for near-infrared optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging (PET or SPECT), generating novel theranostic drug candidates. We have intentionally focused our attention on novel compounds, which have already been investigated preclinically in vivo in order to demonstrate the potential of such theranostic agents for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Wang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Johannes Nikodemus Staudinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, and Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Say B, Tatar B, Üzülmez B, Bakırcı ME, Gülseren G, Cakmak Y. Caging of Bodipy Photosensitizers through Hydrazone Bond Formation and their Activation Dynamics. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300199. [PMID: 37078232 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Three unique hydrazone-based small-molecule-activatable photosensitizers were designed and synthesized. Two of them work efficiently in a low-pH environment, resembling the microenvironment of the cancerous tissues. The activation pathway is unique and based on hydrazone bond cleavage. They were investigated through in vitro cellular studies in aggressive cancer lines, and tumor-specific culture conditions successfully initiated the cleavage and activation of the cytotoxic singlet oxygen generation in the relevant time period. The interesting photophysical characteristics of the α- and β-substituted hydrazone derivatives of the Bodipy structures and their mild hydrolysis methodologies were also investigated successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Say
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Beytullah Tatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Betül Üzülmez
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melike Ebrar Bakırcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gülcihan Gülseren
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cakmak
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & BITAM-Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey
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9
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Oliden-Sánchez A, Alvarado-Martínez E, Ramírez-Ornelas DE, Vázquez MA, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Bañuelos J, Peña-Cabrera E. Extended BODIPYs as Red-NIR Laser Radiation Sources with Emission from 610 nm to 750 nm. Molecules 2023; 28:4750. [PMID: 37375305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthetic access to a set of π-extended BODIPYs featuring a penta-arylated (phenyl and/or thiophene) dipyrrin framework. We take advantage of the full chemoselective control of 8-methylthio-2,3,5,6-tetrabromoBODIPY when we conduct the Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling (LSCC) to functionalize exclusively the meso-position, followed by the tetra-Suzuki reaction to arylate the halogenated sites. All these laser dyes display absorption and emission bands in the red edge of the visible spectrum reaching the near-infrared with thiophene functionalization. The emission efficiency, both fluorescence and laser, of the polyphenylBODIPYs can be enhanced upon decoration of the peripheral phenyls with electron donor/acceptor groups at para positions. Alternatively, the polythiopheneBODIPYs show an astonishing laser performance despite the charge transfer character of the emitting state. Therefore, these BODIPYs are suitable as a palette of stable and bright laser sources covering the spectral region from 610 nm to 750 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Oliden-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Aptado 644, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Enrique Alvarado-Martínez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Diana E Ramírez-Ornelas
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Aptado 644, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Aptado 644, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peña-Cabrera
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
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10
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Badon IW, Jee JP, Vales TP, Kim C, Lee S, Yang J, Yang SK, Kim HJ. Cationic BODIPY Photosensitizers for Mitochondrion-Targeted Fluorescence Cell-Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051512. [PMID: 37242754 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of three cationic boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives and their mitochondria-targeting and photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) capabilities are reported. Two cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) were used to investigate the PDT activity of the dyes. Compared to their non-halogenated counterparts, halogenated BODIPY dyes exhibit lower fluorescence quantum yields and enable the efficient production of singlet oxygen species. Following LED light irradiation at 520 nm, the synthesized dyes displayed good PDT capabilities against the treated cancer cell lines, with low cytotoxicity in the dark. In addition, functionalization of the BODIPY backbone with a cationic ammonium moiety enhanced the hydrophilicity of the synthesized dyes and, consequently, their uptake by the cells. The results presented here collectively demonstrate the potential of cationic BODIPY-based dyes as therapeutic drugs for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wen Badon
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- Drug Delivery Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Temmy Pegarro Vales
- Department of Chemistry, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
- Mineral Resources Management Research and Training Center, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Kyung Yang
- Department of Chemistry Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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11
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Wang D, Wang X, Zhou S, Gu P, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang Q. Evolution of BODIPY as triplet photosensitizers from homogeneous to heterogeneous: The strategies of functionalization to various forms and their recent applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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12
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Phthalocyanine photosensitizers with bathochromic shift, of suitable brightness, capable of producing singlet oxygen with effective efficiency. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Evolution of BODIPY/aza-BODIPY dyes for organic photoredox/energy transfer catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Application of meso-CF 3-Fluorophore BODIPY with Phenyl and Pyrazolyl Substituents for Lifetime Visualization of Lysosomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27155018. [PMID: 35956971 PMCID: PMC9370186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A bright far-red emitting unsymmetrical meso-CF3-BODIPY fluorescent dye with phenyl and pyrazolyl substituents was synthesized by condensation of trifluoropyrrolylethanol with pyrazolyl-pyrrole, with subsequent oxidation and complexation of the formed dipyrromethane. This BODIPY dye exhibits optical absorption at λab ≈ 610-620 nm and emission at λem ≈ 640-650 nm. The BODIPY was studied on Ehrlich carcinoma cells as a lysosome-specific fluorescent dye that allows intravital staining of cell structures with subsequent real-time monitoring of changes occurring in the cells. It was also shown that the rate of uptake by cells, the rate of intracellular transport into lysosomes, and the rate of saturation of cells with the dye depend on its concentration in the culture medium. A concentration of 5 μM was chosen as the most suitable BODIPY concentration for fluorescent staining of living cell lysosomes, while a concentration of 100 μM was found to be toxic to Ehrlich carcinoma cells.
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Das BC, Nandwana NK, Das S, Nandwana V, Shareef MA, Das Y, Saito M, Weiss LM, Almaguel F, Hosmane NS, Evans T. Boron Chemicals in Drug Discovery and Development: Synthesis and Medicinal Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:2615. [PMID: 35565972 PMCID: PMC9104566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A standard goal of medicinal chemists has been to discover efficient and potent drug candidates with specific enzyme-inhibitor abilities. In this regard, boron-based bioactive compounds have provided amphiphilic properties to facilitate interaction with protein targets. Indeed, the spectrum of boron-based entities as drug candidates against many diseases has grown tremendously since the first clinically tested boron-based drug, Velcade. In this review, we collectively represent the current boron-containing drug candidates, boron-containing retinoids, benzoxaboroles, aminoboronic acid, carboranes, and BODIPY, for the treatment of different human diseases.In addition, we also describe the synthesis, key structure-activity relationship, and associated biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antituberculosis, antitumor, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antifolate, antidepressant, antiallergic, anesthetic, and anti-Alzheimer's agents, as well as proteasome and lipogenic inhibitors. This compilation could be very useful in the exploration of novel boron-derived compounds against different diseases, with promising efficacy and lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C. Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Nitesh K. Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Varsha Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mohammed Adil Shareef
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (N.K.N.); (S.D.); (V.N.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Yogarupa Das
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Division of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Frankis Almaguel
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA;
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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16
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Functionalization of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizers with Triphenylphosphonium (TPP) for mitochondria-targeted fluorescence bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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17
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Yin J, Jiang X, Sui G, Du Y, Xing E, Shi R, Gu C, Wen X, Feng Y, Shan Z, Meng S. The tumor phototherapeutic application of nanoparticles constructed by the relationship between PTT/PDT efficiency and 2,6- and 3,5-substituted BODIPY derivatives. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7461-7471. [PMID: 34551049 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BODIPY dyes have recently been used for photothermal and photodynamic therapy of tumors. However, complex multi-material systems, multiple excitation wavelengths and the unclear relationship between BODIPY structures and their PTT/PDT efficiency are still major issues. In our study, nine novel BODIPY near-infrared dyes were designed and successfully synthesized and then, the relationships between BODIPY structures and their PTT/PDT efficiency were investigated in detail. The results showed that modifications at position 3,5 of the BODIPY core with conjugated structures have better effects on photothermal and photodynamic efficiency than the modifications at position 2,6 with halogen atoms. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that this is mainly due to the extension of the conjugated chain and the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect. By encapsulating BDPX-M with amphiphilic DSPE-PEG2000-RGD and lecithin, the obtained NPs not only show good water solubility and biological stability, but also could act as superior agents for photothermal and photodynamic synergistic therapy of tumors. Finally, we obtained BODIPY NPs that exhibited excellent photothermal and photodynamic effects at the same time under single irradiation with an 808 nm laser (photothermal conversion efficiency: 42.76%, A/A0: ∼0.05). In conclusion, this work provides a direction to design and construct phototherapeutic nanoparticles based on BODIPY dyes for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Guomin Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Yingying Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Enyun Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Ruijie Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Chengzhi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, No. 22, Beisi Road, Shihezi City, China
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongqiang Shan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
| | - Shuxian Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300050, P. R. China.
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18
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Can B, Çakmak Y. Exploration of Two Different Strategies in Near IR Absorbing Boron Dipyrromethene Derivatives for Photodynamic and Bioimaging Purposes. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Can
- Department of Biotechnology & Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KITARGEM) Konya Food and Agriculture University Meliksah Dist., Beysehir St., No:9 Meram Konya 42090 Turkey
| | - Yusuf Çakmak
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Konya Food and Agriculture University Meliksah Dist., Beysehir St., No:9 Meram Konya 42090 Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology & Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KITARGEM) Konya Food and Agriculture University Meliksah Dist., Beysehir St., No:9 Meram Konya 42090 Turkey
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19
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Synthesis and photoinduced charge stabilization in molecular tetrads featuring covalently linked triphenylamine-oligothiophene-BODIPY-C60. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Wang J, Boens N, Jiao L, Hao E. Aromatic [b]-fused BODIPY dyes as promising near-infrared dyes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4135-4156. [PMID: 32441725 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00790k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Far-red and near-infrared (NIR) absorbing/emitting dyes have found diverse applications in biomedicine and material science. However, the absorption and emission of classical BODIPY chromophores at short wavelength hamper their applications. Several strategies have been adopted to modify the structure of the BODIPY core to design NIR dyes. Among these, the most efficient approach to expand the π-conjugation of the BODIPY core is via fusion of aromatic rings. So far, many novel BODIPY skeletons fused to aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocycles at the b bond have been reported. This review comprehensively describes the recent advances regarding the development of aromatic [b]-fused BODIPY dyes with the focus on the design and synthesis, the relationships between their photophysical/spectroscopic properties and molecular structures, and the potential applications in bioassays and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China. and Department of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Noël Boens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200f, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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21
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Cetin S, Elmazoglu Z, Karaman O, Gunduz H, Gunbas G, Kolemen S. Balanced Intersystem Crossing in Iodinated Silicon-Fluoresceins Allows New Class of Red Shifted Theranostic Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:752-757. [PMID: 34055222 PMCID: PMC8155232 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodination of the silicon-fluorescein core revealed a new class of highly cytotoxic, red-shifted and water-soluble photosensitizer (SF-I) which is also fairly emissive to serve as a theranostic agent. Singlet oxygen generation capacity of SF-I was evaluated chemically, and up to 45% singlet oxygen quantum yield was reported in aqueous solutions. SF-I was further tested in triple negative breast (MDA MB-231) and colon (HCT-116) cancer cell lines, which are known to have limited chemotherapy options as well as very poor prognosis. SF-I induced efficient singlet oxygen generation and consequent photocytotoxicity in both cell lines upon light irradiation with a negligible dark toxicity while allowing cell imaging at the same time. SF-I marks the first ever example of a silicon xanthene-based photosensitizer and holds a lot of promise as a small-molecule-based theranostic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Cetin
- Department
of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Elmazoglu
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Karaman
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hande Gunduz
- Department
of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Gunbas
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safacan Kolemen
- Department
of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Surface
Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Boron
and Advanced Materials Application and Research Center, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- TUPRAS
Energy Center (KUTEM), Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Bassan E, Gualandi A, Cozzi PG, Ceroni P. Design of BODIPY dyes as triplet photosensitizers: electronic properties tailored for solar energy conversion, photoredox catalysis and photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6607-6628. [PMID: 34040736 PMCID: PMC8132938 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BODIPYs are renowned fluorescent dyes with strong and tunable absorption in the visible region, high thermal and photo-stability and exceptional fluorescence quantum yields. Transition metal complexes are the most commonly used triplet photosensitisers, but, recently, the use of organic dyes has emerged as a viable and more sustainable alternative. By proper design, BODIPY dyes have been turned from highly fluorescent labels into efficient triplet photosensitizers with strong absorption in the visible region (from green to orange). In this perspective, we report three design strategies: (i) halogenation of the dye skeleton, (ii) donor-acceptor dyads and (iii) BODIPY dimers. We compare pros and cons of these approaches in terms of optical and electrochemical properties and synthetic viability. The potential applications of these systems span from energy conversion to medicine and key examples are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bassan
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
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23
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Cullen A, Rajagopal A, Heintz K, Heise A, Murphy R, Sazanovich IV, Greetham GM, Towrie M, Long C, Fitzgerald-Hughes D, Pryce MT. Exploiting a Neutral BODIPY Copolymer as an Effective Agent for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Inactivation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1550-1557. [PMID: 33538173 PMCID: PMC8279490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and photophysical properties of a neutral BODIPY photosensitizing copolymer (poly-8-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-4,4-difluoro-2,6-diethynyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) containing ethynylbenzene links between the BODIPY units. The copolymer absorbs further towards the red in the UV-vis spectrum compared to the BODIPY precursor. Photolysis of the polymer produces a singlet excited state which crosses to the triplet surface in less than 300 ps. This triplet state was used to form singlet oxygen with a quantum yield of 0.34. The steps leading to population of the triplet state were studied using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques spanning the pico- to nanosecond timescales. The ability of the BODIPY polymer to generate a biocidal species for bactericidal activity in both solution- and coating-based studies was assessed. When the BODIPY copolymer was dropcast onto a surface, 4 log and 6 log reductions in colony forming units/ml representative of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, under illumination at 525 nm were observed. The potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of a neutral metal-free copolymer when exposed to visible light conditions may have potential clinical applications in infection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoibhín
A. Cullen
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ashwene Rajagopal
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI Education and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Katharina Heintz
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department
of Chemistry, Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research
in Medical Devices (CURAM), The Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research
in Medical Devices (CURAM), The Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central
Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central
Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Conor Long
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Fitzgerald-Hughes
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI Education and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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24
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Dukh M, Tabaczynski WA, Seetharaman S, Ou Z, Kadish KM, D'Souza F, Pandey RK. meso
‐ and β‐Pyrrole‐Linked Chlorin‐Bacteriochlorin Dyads for Promoting Far‐Red FRET and Singlet Oxygen Production. Chemistry 2020; 26:14996-15006. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo Dukh
- PDT Center Cell Stress Biology Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo NY 14263 USA
| | | | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- PDT Center Cell Stress Biology Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo NY 14263 USA
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25
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Deckers J, Cardeynaels T, Penxten H, Ethirajan A, Ameloot M, Kruk M, Champagne B, Maes W. Near‐Infrared BODIPY‐Acridine Dyads Acting as Heavy‐Atom‐Free Dual‐Functioning Photosensitizers. Chemistry 2020; 26:15212-15225. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Deckers
- UHasselt-Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO) Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Agoralaan 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC Associated Lab IMOMEC Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tom Cardeynaels
- UHasselt-Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO) Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Agoralaan 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC Associated Lab IMOMEC Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- UNamur-University of Namur Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry (LTC) Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry Unit Namur Institute of Structured Matter Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Huguette Penxten
- UHasselt-Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO) Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Agoralaan 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- IMEC Associated Lab IMOMEC Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- UHasselt-Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO) Nano-Biophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces (NSI) Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- UHasselt-Hasselt University Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED) Agoralaan 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Mikalai Kruk
- Belarusian State Technological University Sverdlov Str., 13a 220006 Minsk Belarus
| | - Benoît Champagne
- UNamur-University of Namur Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry (LTC) Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry Unit Namur Institute of Structured Matter Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- UHasselt-Hasselt University Institute for Materials Research (IMO) Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Agoralaan 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- IMEC Associated Lab IMOMEC Wetenschapspark 1 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
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26
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Yu Z, Zhou J, Ji X, Lin G, Xu S, Dong X, Zhao W. Discovery of a Monoiodo Aza-BODIPY Near-Infrared Photosensitizer: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9950-9964. [PMID: 32787080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a rising platform of the cancer treatment method is receiving increased attention. Through systematic evaluation of halogen substitution on aza-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacenes (BODIPY), we have found that monoiodo-derived aza-BODIPYs provided greater efficacy than other halogenated aza-BODIPY PSs. 4 and 15 as monoiodinated aza-BODIPY dyes containing p-methoxyphenyl moiety were identified to be potent NIR aza-BODIPY-type PSs with IC50 values against HeLa cells at a light dose of 54 J/cm2 as low as 76 and 81 nM, respectively. 4 possessed superior phototoxicity, low dark toxicity, and good thermal/photostability and distributed majorly in mitochondria in cells. Apoptosis was verified to be the main cell death pathway, and in vitro reactive oxygen species generation was demonstrated. In vivo whole-body fluorescence imaging and ex vivo organ distribution studies suggested that 4 afforded an excellent PDT effect with a low drug dose under single-time light irradiation and revealed advantages over known PSs of ADPM06 and Ce6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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27
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Zhang Z, Yuan D, Liu X, Kim MJ, Nashchadin A, Sharapov V, Yu L. BODIPY-Containing Polymers with Ultralow Band Gaps and Ambipolar Charge Mobilities. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Dafei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Limited, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andriy Nashchadin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Valerii Sharapov
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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28
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Qi S, Kwon N, Yim Y, Nguyen VN, Yoon J. Fine-tuning the electronic structure of heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers for fluorescence imaging and mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6479-6484. [PMID: 34094113 PMCID: PMC8152625 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostics that combines both diagnosis and therapy into a single platform has recently emerged as a promising biomedical approach for cancer treatment; however, the development of efficient theranostic agents with excellent optical properties remains a challenge. Here, we report novel mitochondria-targeting BODIPY photosensitizers (R-BODs) that possess considerable singlet oxygen generation capabilities and good fluorescence properties for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). The incorporation of sulfur atoms into the π-conjugated skeleton of BODIPY along with the introduction of different functional groups at the meso-position of the BODIPY core is essential for tuning the photophysical and photosensitizing properties. Notably, the MeOPh-substituted thiophene-fused BODIPY (MeO-BOD, R = p-methoxyphenyl) displayed the highest singlet oxygen generation capability (Φ Δ ≈ 0.85 in air-saturated acetonitrile) and a moderate fluorescence quantum yield (Φ f = 17.11). Furthermore, MeO-BOD showed good biocompatibility, low dark toxicity and superior fluorescence imaging properties in living cells. More importantly, the PDT efficacy of mitochondria-specific anchoring of MeO-BOD was remarkably amplified with an extremely low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 95 nM. We believe that the incorporation of an electron-donating group at the meso-position of the thiophene-fused BODIPY platform may be an effective approach for developing theranostic agents for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Yim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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29
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Asymmetric meso-CF3-dipyrromethanes with amino- and heterocyclic functions from trifluoro(pyrrolyl)ethanols and pyrroles. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Asgher M, Qamar SA, Sadaf M, Iqbal HMN. Multifunctional materials conjugated with near-infrared fluorescent organic molecules and their targeted cancer bioimaging potentialities. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:012003. [PMID: 33438589 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab6e1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescent dyes based on small organic molecules are believed to have a great influence on cancer diagnosis at large and targeted cancer cell bioimaging, in particular. NIR dyes-based organic molecules have notable characteristics features, such as high tissue penetration and low tissue autofluorescence in the NIR spectral region. Cancer targeted bioimaging relies significantly on the synthesis of highly specific molecular probes with excellent stability. Recently, NIR dyes have emerged as unique fluorescent probes for cancer bioimaging. These current advancements have overcome many limitations of conventional NIR probes e.g., poor photostability and hydrophilicity, insufficient stability and low quantum yield. The further potential lies in NIR dyes or NIR dyes-coated nanocarriers conjugated with cancer-specific ligand (e.g., peptides, antibodies, proteins or other small molecules). Multifunctional NIR dyes have synthesized, which efficiently accumulate in cancer cells without requiring chemical conjugation and also these dyes have presented novel photophysical and pharmaceutical properties for in vivo imaging. This review highlights the recently developed NIR dyes with novel applications in cancer bioimaging. We believe that these novel fluorophores will enhance our understanding of cancer imaging and pave a new road in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asgher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Bodio E, Denat F, Goze C. BODIPYS and aza-BODIPY derivatives as promising fluorophores for in vivo molecular imaging and theranostic applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in 1968, the BODIPYs dyes (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a diaza-s-indacene) have found an exponentially increasing number of applications in a large variety of scientific fields. In particular, studies reporting bioapplications of BODIPYs have increased dramatically. However, most of the time, only in vitro investigations have been reported. The in vivo potential of BODIPYs and aza-BODIPYs is more recent, but considering the number of in vivo studies with BODIPY and aza-BODIPY which have been reported in the last five years, we can now affirm that this family of fluorophores can be considered important as cyanine dyes for future in vivo and even clinical applications. This review aims to present representative examples of recent in vivo applications of BODIPYs or aza-BODIPYs, and to highlight the potential of these dyes for optical molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Christine Goze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue A. Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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Alnoman RB, Parveen S, Hagar M, Ahmed HA, Knight JG. A new chiral boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probe: molecular docking, DFT, antibacterial and antioxidant approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:5429-5442. [PMID: 31809642 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1701555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral BODIPY-based fluorescent compound, 5-bromo-4,4-difluoro-3(S)-1-phenylethyl)amino) BODIPY, 4 was synthesized for biomedical applications. Optical, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties of the compound 4 are investigated. The partition coefficient suggested that the compound 4 has the potential to be developed as an active antibacterial and antioxidant candidate. In this context, antibacterial assay was carried out for compound 4 against various bacterial strains, revealing maximum inhibition zone (24 ± 2.19 mm) in Escherichia coli. Moreover, results of antioxidant activity of compound 4 revealed IC50 values to be greater than ascorbic acid. Molecular docking has given brief insight about the binding of the compound 4, suggesting that it has a strong potential to inhibit bacterial target enzymes viz., DNA gyrase, enzymes in the type II fatty acid synthesis and Ddl (d-alanine: d-alanine ligase) in peptidoglycan synthesis. The molecular geometry and electrostatic potential of compound 4, was established by DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations.AbbreviationsBBBblood‒brain barrierBDEbond dissociation energyBODIPYboron-dipyrromethaneDdlD-alanine:D-alanine ligaseDDQ2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinoneDFTdensity functional theoryDNAdeoxyribonucleic acidDPPH1,1‒diphenyl‒2‒picrylhydrazylNBSN-bromo succinimideROSreactive oxygen speciesUV-visultraviolet-visibleFMOfrontier molecular orbitalsHOMOhighest occupied molecular orbitalLUMOlowest unoccupied molecular orbitalCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua B Alnoman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Hagar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Julian G Knight
- School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Tabero A, García-Garrido F, Prieto-Castañeda A, Palao E, Agarrabeitia AR, García-Moreno I, Villanueva A, de la Moya S, Ortiz MJ. BODIPYs revealing lipid droplets as valuable targets for photodynamic theragnosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:940-943. [PMID: 31850455 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09397d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endowing BODIPY PDT agents with the ability to probe lipid droplets is demonstrated to boost their phototoxicity, allowing the efficient use of highly fluorescent dyes (poor ROS sensitizers) as phototoxic agents. Conversely, this fact opens the way to the development of highly bright ROS photosensitizers for performing photodynamic theragnosis (fluorescence bioimaging and photodynamic therapy) from a single simple agent. On the other hand, the noticeable capability of some of the reported dyes to probe lipid droplets in different cell lines under different conditions reveals their use as privileged probes for advancing the study of interesting lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tabero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Garrido
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Palao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Departamento de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad, Superficies y Materia Condensada, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Koch A, Ravikanth M. Monofunctionalized 1,3,5,7-TetraarylazaBODIPYs and Their Application in the Synthesis of AzaBODIPY Based Conjugates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10775-10784. [PMID: 31402662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of monofunctionalized 1,3,5,7-tetraarylazaBODIPYs containing functional groups such as p-hydroxymethyl phenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, p-cyanophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, and p-formylphenyl groups at the 1-position of the azaBODIPY core were synthesized by mixed condensation of two different nitrochalcones in n-butanol in the presence of CH3COONH4 at reflux followed by complexation with BF3·OEt2. The mixed condensation of nitrochalcones resulted in the formation of three different dipyrromethenes, which was treated with BF3·OEt2 to afford the desired monofunctionalized tetraarylazaBODIPYs in 30-36% yields. To demonstrate the application of monofunctionalized tetraarylazaBODIPYs, we reacted monoformyl functionalized tetraarylazaBODIPY with excess pyrrole to afford mono-dipyrromethanyl-substituted tetraarylazaBODIPY, which was used as a key precursor to prepare novel covalently linked azaBODIPY-based conjugates. The mono-dipyrromethanyl azaBODIPY was in situ oxidized with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone and either reacted with BF3·OEt2 to afford azaBODIPY-BODIPY conjugates or reacted with metal salt such as Pd(acac)2 to afford azaBODIPY-Pd(II)dipyrrin conjugates. Alternately, dipyrromethanyl-substituted azaBODIPY was condensed with dipyrromethane dicarbinol or 16-oxatripyrrane under mild acid catalyzed conditions followed by oxidation and chromatographic purification to afford azaBODIPY-porphyrin or azaBODIPY-oxasmaragdyrin conjugates, respectively. The photophysical studies on conjugates revealed that azaBODIPY is a good energy acceptor and invoked the possibility of energy transfer from the donor to acceptor in covalently linked conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angira Koch
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076 , India
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076 , India
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Wang H, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu T, Zhang Q, Yang M, Wang P, Gu Y. A Novel Theranostic Nanoprobe for In Vivo Singlet Oxygen Detection and Real-Time Dose-Effect Relationship Monitoring in Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902185. [PMID: 31389152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, as the main member of reactive oxygen species, plays a significant role in cancer photodynamic therapy. However, the in vivo real-time detection of singlet oxygen remains challenging. In this work, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based upconversion nanoplatform for monitoring the singlet oxygen in living systems is developed, with the ability to evaluate the in vivo dose-effect relationship between singlet oxygen and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. In details, this nanoplatform is composed of core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), photosensitizer MC540, NIR dye IR-820, and poly(acryl amine) PAA-octylamine, where the UCNPs serve as an energy donor while IR-820 serves as an energy acceptor. The nanoparticles are found to sensitively reflect the singlet oxygen levels generated in the tumor tissues during PDT, by luminescence intensity changes of UNCPs at 800 nm emission. Furthermore, it could also enable tumor treatment with satisfactory biocompatibility. To the best knowledge, this is the first report of a theranostic nanoplatform with the ability to formulate the in vivo dose-effect relationship between singlet oxygen and PDT efficacy and to achieve tumor treatment at the same time. This work might also provide an executable strategy to evaluate photodynamic therapeutic efficacy based on singlet oxygen pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yongkuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Man Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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BODIPYs in antitumoral and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: An integrating review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bera A, Bagchi D, Pal SK. Improvement of Photostability and NIR Activity of Cyanine Dye through Nanohybrid Formation: Key Information from Ultrafast Dynamical Studies. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7550-7557. [PMID: 31402654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light harvesting has enormous importance for different potential applications in the modern era of research. Some NIR cyanine dyes such as IR820 have achieved great success in energy harvesting and cancer therapy. However, their action is limited for low photostability, considerable thermal degradation, short circulation times, and nonspecific biodistribution. Our present study is an attempt to overcome such limitations by attaching a model cyanine dye IR820 with ZnO nanoparticles. We prepared an IR820-ZnO nanohybrid and characterized it using microscopic and optical spectroscopic tools. Thermogravimetric analysis depicted greater thermal stability of the IR820-ZnO nanohybrid compared to free dye. We explored the enhancement in the photostability of IR820 upon nanohybrid formation. We detected generation of photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, singlet oxygen, and so forth using appropriate molecular probes. The formation of IR820-ZnO nanohybrid reduced production of photoinduced singlet oxygen. However, it revealed an alternative trend in overall ROS formation (increases total ROS) under red light illumination. To correlate the enhanced photostability of IR820 on the ZnO surface, we explored excited-state dynamical processes at the interface in nanohybrids. We illustrated the photoinduced excited-state electron-transfer process from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of IR820 to the conduction band of ZnO. This photoelectron-transfer process enhances the production of ROS and decreases the formation of singlet oxygen that altogether leads to improvement in photostability and overall activity. A quencher of singlet oxygen sodium azide (NaN3) was used to further confirm the direct association of singlet oxygen generation with the photostability issue of IR820. Also, ZnO is able to deliver the dye selectively in acidic environment, which suggests its diseased site-specific targeted activity. Our results provide promising improvement for potential use of IR820 through formation of a nanohybrid that could be translated for other NIR cyanine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bera
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Damayanti Bagchi
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
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Diaz-Rodriguez RM, Robertson KN, Thompson A. Classifying donor strengths of dipyrrinato/aza-dipyrrinato ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7546-7550. [PMID: 31070213 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A parameter is reported by which to use 13C NMR chemical shifts to measure and predict the donor capabilities of N^N dipyrrinato and aza-dipyrrinato ligands chelating in L^X fashion. The results enable the rationalisation of the properties of these ligands and their complexes, as well as enable rational design incorporating both steric and electronic considerations when tuning to effect desired applications. Complexes containing these ligands are prevalent due to their desirable photophysical properties such as high chemical stability, resistance to photodegradation, strong absorbance, and ease of chemical modifiability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, PO BOX 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Walalawela N, Urrutia MN, Thomas AH, Greer A, Vignoni M. Alkane Chain‐extended Pterin Through a Pendent Carboxylic Acid Acts as Triple Functioning Fluorophore,
1
O
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Sensitizer and Membrane Binder. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1160-1168. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niluksha Walalawela
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College City University of New York Brooklyn NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY
| | - María Noel Urrutia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) CCT La Plata‐CONICET La Plata Argentina
| | - Andrés H. Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) CCT La Plata‐CONICET La Plata Argentina
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College City University of New York Brooklyn NY
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY
| | - Mariana Vignoni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) CCT La Plata‐CONICET La Plata Argentina
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Didukh NO, Yakubovskyi VP, Zatsikha YV, Rohde GT, Nemykin VN, Kovtun YP. Flexible BODIPY Platform That Offers an Unexpected Regioselective Heterocyclization Reaction toward Preparation of 2-Pyridone[a]-Fused BODIPYs. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2133-2147. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O. Didukh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Viktor P. Yakubovskyi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy V. Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yuriy P. Kovtun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska str., 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Harris J, May AK, Ngoy BP, Mack J, Nyokong T. An analysis of the photophysical and optical limiting properties of a novel 1,3,5-tristyrylBODIPY dye. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel dibrominated 1,3,5-tristyrylBODIPY dye is reported, and its potential utility as a singlet oxygen photosensitizer and optical limiting material is assessed. The main spectral band lies in the therapeutic window, and there is a moderately high singlet oxygen quantum yield making the dye potentially suitable for use in biomedical applications and as an optical limiting dye at 532 nm. The optical limiting parameters are comparable to those reported previously for 3,5-distyrylBODIPYs, which suggests that mixtures of 3,5-distyryl and 1,3,5-tristyryl compounds that are formed in Knoevenagel condensation reactions could be used for this application. Theoretical calculations are used to assess the effect of 1,3,5-tristyryl substitution. A smaller red shift of the main spectral band is observed upon styrylation at the 1-position than is the case with the 3,5-positions due to there being smaller MO coefficients at this position, limiting the utility of this structural modification method for shifting the main BODIPY spectral band further into the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Harris
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Aviwe K. May
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Bokolombe P. Ngoy
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Turksoy A, Yildiz D, Akkaya EU. Photosensitization and controlled photosensitization with BODIPY dyes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kubota Y, Kimura K, Jin J, Manseki K, Funabiki K, Matsui M. Synthesis of near-infrared absorbing and fluorescing thiophene-fused BODIPY dyes with strong electron-donating groups and their application in dye-sensitised solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiophene-fused BODIPY dyes with two diethylaminophenyl groups as strong donors demonstrated near-infrared (NIR) absorption (λmax: 783–812 nm, ε: 119 500–145 900) and fluorescence (Fmax: 862–916 nm, Φf: 0.02–0.12) in dichloromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Kosei Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Jiye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
- Matsumoto
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Manseki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
| | - Masaki Matsui
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University
- Yanagido
- Japan
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Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Lv T, Zhang L, Li Z, Xie X, Li F, Chen H, Jia L. Erlotinib-Guided Self-Assembled Trifunctional Click Nanotheranostics for Distinguishing Druggable Mutations and Synergistic Therapy of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5146-5161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Koch A, Kumar S, Ravikanth M. Synthesis and Properties of B(Ph)(OR) Complexes of Azadipyrrin. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angira Koch
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; 400 076 Powai, Mumbai India
| | - Sunit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay; 400 076 Powai, Mumbai India
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Zagami R, Sortino G, Caruso E, Malacarne MC, Banfi S, Patanè S, Monsù Scolaro L, Mazzaglia A. Tailored-BODIPY/Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin Nanoassemblies with PDT Effectiveness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8639-8651. [PMID: 29936841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic cyclodextrins (aCDs) are an intriguing class of carrier systems which, recently, have been proposed to deliver porphyrinoids and anticancer drugs or combined dose of both for dual therapeutic applications. The design of nanoassemblies based on aCD and photosensitizers (PSs) aims to preserve the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of PS, reducing the tendency of PS to self-aggregate, without affecting the quantum yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) production, and, not less importantly, minimizing dark toxicity and reducing photosensitization effects. With this idea in mind, in this paper, we focus on nanoassemblies between a non-ionic aCD (SC6OH) and halo-alkyl tailored iodinated boron-dipyrromethenes (BODIPY) dye, a class of molecules which recently have been successfully proposed as a stimulating alternative to porphyrinoids for their high photodynamic efficacy. Nanoassemblies of BODIPY/aCD (BL01I@SC6OH) were prepared in different aqueous media by evaporation of mixed organic film of aCD and BODIPY, hydration, and sonication. The nanostructures were characterized, measuring their hydrodynamic diameter and ξ-potential and also evaluating their time-stability in biological relevant media. Taking advantage of emissive properties of the not-iodinated BODIPY analogue (BL01), nanoassemblies based on aCD and BL01 were investigated as model system to get insight on entanglement of BODIPY in the amphiphile in aqueous dispersion, pointing out that BODIPY is well-entrapped in monomeric form (τ ≅ 6.5 ns) within the colloidal carriers. Also morphology and fluorescence emission properties were elucidated after casting the solution on glass. BL01@SC6OH is easily detectable in cytoplasm of HCT116 cell lines, evidencing the remarkable intracellular penetration of this nanoassembly similar to free BODIPY. On the same cell lines, the photodynamically active assembly BL01I/aCD shows toxicity upon irradiation. Despite the fact that free BL01I is more PDT active than its assembly, aCD can modulate the cell uptake of BODIPY, pointing out the potential of this system for in vivo PDT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zagami
- CNR-ISMN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche , Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
| | - G Sortino
- CNR-ISMN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche , Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
| | - E Caruso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV) , Università dell'Insubria , Via J.H. Dunant 3 , 21100 , Varese , Italy
| | - M C Malacarne
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV) , Università dell'Insubria , Via J.H. Dunant 3 , 21100 , Varese , Italy
| | - S Banfi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita (DBSV) , Università dell'Insubria , Via J.H. Dunant 3 , 21100 , Varese , Italy
| | - S Patanè
- Dipartimento di Scienze matematiche e informatiche, scienze fisiche e scienze della terra . Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
| | - L Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali , University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
- C.I.R.C.M.S.B , Unity of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - A Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche , Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 , Messina , Italy
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48
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Kue CS, Ng SY, Voon SH, Kamkaew A, Chung LY, Kiew LV, Lee HB. Recent strategies to improve boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) for photodynamic cancer therapy: an updated review. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1691-1708. [PMID: 29845993 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BODIPYs are photosensitizers activatable by light to generate highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) from molecular oxygen, leading to tissue damage in the photoirradiated region. Despite their extraordinary photophysical characteristics, they are not featured in clinical photodynamic therapy. This review discusses the recent advances in the design and/or modifications of BODIPYs since 2013, to improve their potential in photodynamic cancer therapy and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Kue
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management & Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shie Yin Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Hui Voon
- Project Leadership, Clinical Operations, R&D Solutions, IQVIA, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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49
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Reynoso E, Quiroga ED, Agazzi ML, Ballatore MB, Bertolotti SG, Durantini EN. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms sensitized by cationic BODIPY derivatives potentiated by potassium iodide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1524-1536. [PMID: 28836645 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation mediated by 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-[4-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)phenyl]-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 3 and 8-[4-(3-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)propoxy)phenyl]-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 4 was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. In vitro experiments indicated that BODIPYs 3 and 4 were rapidly bound to microbial cells at short incubation periods. Also, fluorescence microscopy images showed green emission of BODIPYs bound to microbial cells. Photosensitized inactivation improved with an increase of the irradiation time. Similar photoinactivation activities were found for both BODIPYs in bacteria. The photoinactivation induced by these BODIPYs was effective for both bacteria. However, the Gram-positive bacterium was inactivated sooner and with a lower concentration of a photosensitizer than the Gram-negative bacterium. After 15 min irradiation, the complete eradication of S. aureus was obtained with 1 μM photosensitizer. A reduction of 4.5 log in the E. coli viability was found when using 5 μM photosensitizer and 30 min irradiation. Also, the last conditions produced a decrease of 4.5 log in C. albicans cells treated with BODIPY 3, while 4 was poorly effective. On the other hand, the effect of the addition of KI on photoinactivation at different irradiation periods and salt concentrations was investigated. A smaller effect was observed in S. aureus because the photosensitizers alone were already very effective. In E. coli, photokilling potentiation was mainly found at longer irradiation periods. Moreover, the photoinactivation of C. albicans mediated by these BODIPYs was increased in the presence of KI. In solution, an increase in the formation of the BODIPY triplet states was observed with the addition of the salt, due to the effect of external heavy atoms. The greater intersystem crossing together with the formation of reactive iodine species induced by BODIPYs may be contributing to enhance the inactivation of microorganisms. Therefore, these BODIPYs represent interesting photosensitizers to inactivate microorganisms. In particular, BODIPY 3 in combination with KI was highly effective as a broad spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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50
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Stone J, Mack J, Nyokong T, Kimura M, Kobayashi N. Photophysical properties of a novel styryl-BODIPY with a fused crown ether moiety. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a crown-ether-substituted 3-styrylBODIPY dye with a 4-isopropylphenyl group at the meso-position is reported. The effect that the incorporation of Na[Formula: see text] ions into the crown ether moiety has on the photophysical properties is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Stone
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Mitsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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