1
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Wang J, Li R, Ouyang H, Lu Y, Fei H, Zhao Y. A nitroreductase-responsive fluorescence turn-on photosensitizer for lysosomes imaging and photodynamic therapy. Talanta 2024; 276:126277. [PMID: 38761658 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) is a frequently used biomarker for the assessment of hypoxia level in tumors. As one of the main sources of enzymes, the dysfunction of lysosomes typically leads to various diseases. In this study, an NTR-triggered lysosome-targeting probe, M-TPE-P, was designed based on a tetraphenylethylene core. DFT calculation indicated that the probe possessed a narrow singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), rendering it an efficient photosensitizer. The docking affinity of M-TPE-P to NTR revealed a strong structural match between them. Photophysical properties demonstrated that the probe exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity in a broad pH rang for detecting NTR with kcat/Km as 2.18 × 104 M-1 s-1. The detection limit was determined to be 53.6 ng/mL in 80 % PBS/DMSO solution. Cell imaging studies showed the probe could trace intracellular NTR behavior with green fluorescence. The colocalization analysis indicated its excellent lysosome-targeting specificity. In addition, the probe exhibited effective ROS generation ability and significant PDT effect after NIR irradiation, positioning it as a promising photosensitizer for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Ruxin Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Han Ouyang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haiyang Fei
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223003, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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2
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Hu M, Dong X, Zhao W. Lysosome-targeted Aza-BODIPY photosensitizers for anti-cancer photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117583. [PMID: 38198943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Developing effective near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers (PSs) has been an attractive goal of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. In this study, we synthesized N, N-diethylaminomethylphenyl-containing Aza-BODIPY photosensitizers and comprehensively investigated their photophysical/photochemical properties, as well as cell-based and animal-based anti-tumor studies. Among them, BDP 1 has strong NIR absorption at 680 nm and higher singlet oxygen yield in PBS which showed favorable pH-activatable and lysosome-targeting ability. BDP 1 could be easily taken up by tumor cells and showed negligible dark activity (IC50 > 50 μM), however strong phototoxicity upon exposure to light irradiation. The acceptable fluorescence emission from BDP 1 allowed convenient in vivo fluorescence imaging for organ distribution studies in mice. After PDT treatment with upon single time PDT treatment at the beginning using relatively low light dose (54 J/ cm2), BDP 1 (2 mg/kg, 0.1 mL) was found to have strong efficacy to inhibit tumor growth and even to ablate off tumor without causing body weight loss. Therefore, pH-activatable and lysosome-targeted PS may become an effective way to develop potent PDT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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3
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Bai W, Li Y, Zhao L, Li R, Geng J, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Wang J. Rational design of a ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging lysosomal nitroreductase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123032. [PMID: 37356386 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Overexpressed nitroreductase (NTR) is often utilized to evaluate the hypoxic degree in tumor tissues, thus it is of great importance to develop high selective and efficient optical method to detect NTR. The dynamic fusion and function of lysosome promoted us to explore the possible appearance of NTR inside this organelle and to probe its behavior in a cellular context. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on an extended π-π conjugation of a triphenylamine unit was designed for NTR detection and lysosomes imaging. The dual-emission mechanism of the probe in the presence of catalytic NTR was confirmed by theoretical study. The structure-function relationship between probe and NTR was revealed by docking calculations, suggesting a suitable structural and spatial match of them. The photophysical studies showed the probe had high selectivity, rapid response and a wide pH range towards NTR. MTT assay indicated the probe had low cytotoxicity in both normal (HUVEC) and tumor (MCF-7) cells. Furthermore, the inverse fluorescent imaging results confirmed the probe was NTR-active and exhibited time- and concentration-dependent fluorescence signals. In addition, the relatively high Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.99 in HepG2 and 0.97 in MCF-7 cells, compared to Lyso-Tracker Red) demonstrated the probe had excellent lysosomes colocalization. This study illustrates a ratiometric detection of NTR agent for lysosomes fluorescent imaging, which may provide a novel insight in molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Bai
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahou Geng
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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4
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Li XH, Han XF, Wu WN, Zhao XL, Wang Y, Fan YC, Xu ZH. Simultaneous detection of lysosomal SO 2 and viscosity using a hemicyanine-based fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121519. [PMID: 35763947 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The changes in sulfur dioxide and viscosity of lysosomes are significant indicators in physiological processes and the cell microenvironment. This study aimed to synthesize a hemicyanine-based probe for simultaneous detection of SO2 and viscosity. The probe could not only rationally detect sulfur dioxide in a semi-aqueous solution with high sensitivity (limit of detection = 0.78 μM) and fast response (within 30 s) but also monitor viscosity via fluorescence emission enhancement at 580 nm. Further, the dual-response probe was successfully used to image SO2 and viscosity in the lysosomes of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Han
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China.
| | - Yun-Chang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Detection, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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5
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Tang Z, Yan Z, Gong L, Zhang L, Yin X, Sun J, Wu K, Yang W, Fan G, Li Y, Jiang H. Precise Monitoring and Assessing Treatment Response of Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Hypoxia with a Nitroreductase-Activated Golgi-Targetable Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14778-14784. [PMID: 36223488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is mostly attributed to an outbreak of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which makes leukocytes infiltrate into the lung and results in lung hypoxia. Nitroreductase (NTR) is significantly upregulated under hypoxia, which is commonly regarded as a potential biomarker for assessing sepsis-induced acute lung hypoxia. Increasing evidence shows that NTR in the Golgi apparatus could be induced in sepsis-induced ALI. Meanwhile, the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor (dimethyloxalylglycine, DMOG) attenuated sepsis-induced ALI through further increasing the level of Golgi NTR by improving hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity, but as yet, no Golgi-targetable probe has been developed for monitoring and assessing treatment response of sepsis-induced ALI. Herein, we report a Golgi-targetable probe, Gol-NTR, for monitoring and assessing treatment response of sepsis-induced ALI through mapping the generation of NTR. The probe displayed high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 54.8 ng/mL and good selectivity to NTR. In addition, due to the excellent characteristics of Golgi-targetable, Gol-NTR was successfully applied in mapping the change of Golgi NTR in cells and zebrafish caused by various stimuli. Most importantly, the production of Golgi NTR in the sepsis-induced ALI and the PHD inhibitor (DMOG) against sepsis-induced ALI were visualized and precisely assessed for the first time with the assistance of Gol-NTR. The results demonstrated the practicability of Gol-NTR for the precise monitoring and assessing of the personalized treatment response of sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Tang
- Experimental Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lili Gong
- Experimental Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xuemiao Yin
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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6
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Abeywickrama CS. Large Stokes shift benzothiazolium cyanine dyes with improved intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) for cell imaging applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9855-9869. [PMID: 35983738 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03880c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) is a crucial photophysical phenomenon that can be used to improve the Stokes' shift in fluorescent dyes. The introduction of molecular asymmetry is a promising approach to mitigate significant drawbacks of the symmetric cyanine dyes due to their narrow Stokes' shifts (Δλ < 20 nm). In this feature article, we discuss recent progress towards improving the Stokes' shift (Δλ > 100 nm) in benzothiazolium-based fluorophore systems via efficient ICT and recent discoveries related to potentially useful live cell imaging applications of these asymmetric cyanine dyes. This article explores three interesting asymmetric benzothiazolium dye designs (D-π-A, π-A and D-π-2A) in detail while discussing their optical properties. The key advantage of these probes is the synthetic tunability of the probe's photophysical properties and cellular selectivity by simply modifying the donor (D) or the acceptor (A) group in the structure. These new asymmetric ICT fluorophore systems exhibit large Stokes' shifts, high biocompatibility, wash-free staining, red to NIR emission and facile excitation with commercially available laser wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura S Abeywickrama
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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7
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Hoang MD, Savina F, Durand P, Méallet-Renault R, Clavier G, Chevalier A. Tunable Naphthalimide/Cinnoline‐Fused (CinNapht) Hybrid Dyes for Fluorescence Imaging in Living Cells. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Duc Hoang
- ICSN: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Chemical Biology FRANCE
| | - Farah Savina
- ISMO: Institut des Sciences Moleculaires d'Orsay SYSTEMAE FRANCE
| | - Philippe Durand
- ICSN: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Chemical Biology FRANCE
| | | | - Gilles Clavier
- ENS Paris-Saclay: Ecole Normale Superieure Paris-Saclay PPSM FRANCE
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- ICSN: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Biological Chemistry 1 Avenue de la terrasse 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette FRANCE
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8
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Yao S, Liao Y, Pan R, Zhu W, Xu Y, Yang Y, Qian X. Programmed co-assembly of DNA-peptide hybrid microdroplets by phase separation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Das S, Indurthi HK, Asati P, Sharma DK. Small Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Sensing and Bioimaging of Nitroreductase. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samarpita Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Pulkit Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
| | - Deepak K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engg. and Tech Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Up 221005
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10
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Mu YL, Pan L, Lu Q, Xing S, Liu KY, Zhang X. A bifunctional sensitive fluorescence probe based on pyrene for the detection of pH and viscosity in lysosome. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120228. [PMID: 34388430 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome is one of the important organelles in intracellular transport. It plays a significant role in the physiological process. The lysosomal microenvironment affects the functions of lysosome. When the original acidic environment of lysozyme is destroyed or the fluid viscosity increases gradually, various diseases are easily induced. However, most fluorescent probes can only locate in cells. The fewer probes of subcellular organelles were found and their functions are often single. So, it is of great importance to design multifunctional fluorescent probes with the capable of localizing in lysosome. In this study, a novel lysosome probe, 4-(4-Pyren-1-yl-but-3-enyl)-morpholine (PIM), was synthesized using pyrene as a fluorescent group and morpholine as a target group. The introduction of morpholine group made PIM localize in lysosome with high selectivity. The fluorescence will be enhanced with the increased viscosity because of restricting the rotation of CC bond and CN in PIM, and the detecting linear range is from 4.05 cP to 393.48 cP, which qualified the requirement of the viscosity monitoring in body. Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity of PIM declines with the decrease of pH because the Schiff base of PIM is hydrolyzed, which was affirmed by 1H NMR, LC-MS and fluorescence spectra. Moreover, cell imaging and MTT experiments confirmed that PIM as a novel bifunctional probe can be used to detect pH and endogenous viscosity in lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Ke-Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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11
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Yin J, Huang L, Wu L, Li J, James TD, Lin W. Small molecule based fluorescent chemosensors for imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12098-12150. [PMID: 34550134 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00645b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment (local environment), including viscosity, temperature, polarity, hypoxia, and acidic-basic status (pH), plays indispensable roles in cellular processes. Significantly, organelles require an appropriate microenvironment to perform their specific physiological functions, and disruption of the microenvironmental homeostasis could lead to malfunctions of organelles, resulting in disorder and disease development. Consequently, monitoring the microenvironment within specific organelles is vital to understand organelle-related physiopathology. Over the past few years, many fluorescent probes have been developed to help reveal variations in the microenvironment within specific cellular regions. Given that a comprehensive understanding of the microenvironment in a particular cellular region is of great significance for further exploration of life events, a thorough summary of this topic is urgently required. However, there has not been a comprehensive and critical review published recently on small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors for the cellular microenvironment. With this review, we summarize the recent progress since 2015 towards small-molecule based fluorescent probes for imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions, including the mitochondria, lysosomes, lipid drops, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, nucleus, cytoplasmic matrix and cell membrane. Further classifications at the suborganelle level, according to detection of microenvironmental factors by probes, including polarity, viscosity, temperature, pH and hypoxia, are presented. Notably, in each category, design principles, chemical synthesis, recognition mechanism, fluorescent signals, and bio-imaging applications are summarized and compared. In addition, the limitations of the current microenvironment-sensitive probes are analyzed and the prospects for future developments are outlined. In a nutshell, this review comprehensively summarizes and highlights recent progress towards small molecule based fluorescent probes for sensing and imaging the microenvironment within specific cellular regions since 2015. We anticipate that this summary will facilitate a deeper understanding of the topic and encourage research directed towards the development of probes for the detection of cellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Abeywickrama CS, Baumann HJ, Pang Y. Simultaneous Visualization of Mitochondria and Lysosome by a Single Cyanine Dye: The Impact of the Donor Group (-NR 2) Towards Organelle Selectivity. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1227-1234. [PMID: 34297321 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A benzothiazolium-based hemicyanine dye (probe 3) has been synthesized by attaching a morpholine group into a phenyl benzothiazolium skeleton. Probe 3 exhibited interesting photophysical characteristics including red emission (λem ≈600 nm), enhanced Stokes shift (Δλ ≈80 nm) and sensitivity to solvent polarity. Although the probe 3 exhibited almost no emission in aqueous environments (φfl ≈0.002), its fluorescence could be increased by ≈50 fold in organic solvents (φfl ≈0.10), making it possible for live cell imaging under wash-free conditions. Probe 3 exhibited excellent ability to visualize cellular mitochondria and lysosomes simultaneously, as observed from fluorescence confocal microscopy. In addition, probe 3 also exhibited good biocompatibility (calculated LC50 > 20 µM) and high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura S Abeywickrama
- Department of Chemistry and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Hannah J Baumann
- Department of Chemistry and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
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13
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Kumari R, R V, Sunil D, Ningthoujam RS, Pandey BN, Kulkarni SD, Varadavenkatesan T, Venkatachalam G, V AKN. A Nitronaphthalimide Probe for Fluorescence Imaging of Hypoxia in Cancer Cells. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1665-1673. [PMID: 34383168 PMCID: PMC8545720 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bioreductive enzymes typically upregulated in hypoxic tumor cells can be targeted for developing diagnostic and drug delivery applications. In this study, a new fluorescent probe 4-(6-nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)benzaldehyde (NIB) based on a nitronaphthalimide skeleton that could respond to nitroreductase (NTR) overexpressed in hypoxic tumors is designed and its application in imaging tumor hypoxia is demonstrated. The docking studies revealed favourable interactions of NIB with the binding pocket of NTR-Escherichia coli. NIB, which is synthesized through a simple and single step imidation of 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride displayed excellent reducible capacity under hypoxic conditions as evidenced from cyclic voltammetry investigations. The fluorescence measurements confirmed the formation of identical products (NIB-red) during chemical as well as NTR-aided enzymatic reduction in the presence of NADH. The potential fluorescence imaging of hypoxia based on NTR-mediated reduction of NIB is confirmed using in-vitro cell culture experiments using human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, which displayed a significant change in the fluorescence colour and intensity at low NIB concentration within a short incubation period in hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasumathy R
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanya Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Raghumani Singh Ningthoujam
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Badri Narain Pandey
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Suresh D Kulkarni
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatachalam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis (EEC) Division, CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anil Kumar N V
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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14
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Liu F, Zhang H, Li K, Xie Y, Li Z. A Novel NIR Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Detection of Nitroreductase and Hypoxic-Tumor-Cell Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154425. [PMID: 34361578 PMCID: PMC8347683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroreductase as a potential biomarker for aggressive tumors has received extensive attention. In this work, a novel NIR fluorescent probe for nitroreductase detection was synthesized. The probe Py-SiRh-NTR displayed excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Most importantly, the confocal fluorescence imaging demonstrated that HepG-2 cells treated with Py-SiRh-NTR under hypoxic conditions showed obvious enhanced fluorescence, which means that the NTR was overexpressed under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the probe showed great promise that could help us to study related anticancer mechanisms research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.)
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Kun Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (H.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.L.); (Y.X.)
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Govindarajan A, Gnanasambandam V. Toward Intracellular Bioconjugation Using Transition-Metal-Free Techniques. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1431-1454. [PMID: 34197073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation is the chemical strategy of covalent modification of biomolecules, using either an external reagent or other biomolecules. Since its inception in the twentieth century, the technique has grown by leaps and bounds, and has a variety of applications in chemical biology. However, it is yet to reach its full potential in the study of biochemical processes in live cells, mainly because the bioconjugation strategies conflict with cellular processes. This has mostly been overcome by using transition metal catalysts, but the presence of metal centers limit them to in vitro use, or to the cell surface. These hurdles can potentially be circumvented by using metal-free strategies. However, the very modifications that are necessary to make such metal-free reactions proceed effectively may impact their biocompatibility. This is because biological processes are easily perturbed and greatly depend on the prevailing inter- and intracellular environment. With this taken into consideration, this review analyzes the applicability of the transition-metal-free strategies reported in this decade to the study of biochemical processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Govindarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry - 605014, India
| | - Vasuki Gnanasambandam
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry - 605014, India
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16
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Shen J, Shao K, Zhang W, He Y. Hypoxia-Triggered In Situ Self-Assembly of a Charge Switchable Azo Polymer with AIEgens for Tumor Imaging. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:702-707. [PMID: 35549096 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly fluorescent probes for tumor imaging, which leverage the advantage of efficient penetrability and satisfactory accumulation, have attracted much attention. In this work, we rationally integrate charge switchable azobenzene moiety and long wavelength aggregation-induced emission fluorogens (AIEgens) into one water-soluble polymer to construct the hypoxia-triggered in situ self-assembly fluorescent probe for tumor imaging. Due to the good water solubility and the quenching effect of azobenzene moiety, the AIEgens containing polymer showed no significant fluorescence. Under a tumor hypoxic environment, the enzymatic reduction of azobenzene triggered cationic quaternary ammonium converting into anionic carboxylate. Then self-assembly nanoparticles were obtained, driven by the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged carboxylate ion and positively charged AIEgens, which emitted a strong orange-red fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kuanchun Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaning He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Qiao J, Wang M, Cui M, Fang Y, Li H, Zheng C, Li Z, Xu Y, Hua H, Li D. Small-molecule probes for fluorescent detection of cellular hypoxia-related nitroreductase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114199. [PMID: 34130009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitroreductase is a reductase that catalyzes nitro aromatic compounds to aromatic amines. It effectively reduces nitro to hydroxylamine or amino when in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. In terms of tumor, nitroreductase is upregulated in hypoxic tumor cells, and its content is directly related to the degree of hypoxia. Therefore, effective detection of nitroreductase is important not only for the study of cellular hypoxia, but also for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors and related diseases. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for nitroreductase detection based on different fluorescence mechanisms, with a focus on research conducted between May 2018 and December 2020. The development trends and application prospect in this rapidly developing field were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Mingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Menghan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yuxi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Chao Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zhanlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yongnan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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18
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19
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Chen C, Yao Y, Wang W, Duan L, Zhang W, Qian J. Selective bioimaging of cancer cells and detection of HSA with indomethacin-based fluorescent probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118685. [PMID: 32653821 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two fluorescent probes were designed by connecting indomethacin to coumarin through different linkers. The introduction of indomethacin quenched the fluorescence of coumarin-based probes with apparent red-shifts in the absorption and emission maxima, probably due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the indomethacin to the fluorophore and the formation of folding conformation. The addition of human serum albumin (HSA) triggered about 40-fold fluorescence enhancements of ADC-IMC-2 and ADC-IMC-6 with 85 nm blue-shifts. The probe with longer spacer ADC-IMC-6 exhibited ratiometric fluorescent response toward HSA, and that with shorter linker showed "off-on" fluorescence response to HSA. However, insignificant spectral changes of the reference compounds (ADC-6 and ADC-2) initiated by HSA implied that indomethacin played critical role in the identification of HSA. The competitive assays and molecular docking results reveal that the indomethacin in ADC-IMC-6 could tightly combine at drug site I of HSA. Fluorescence bio-imaging experiments show that both probes could distinguish cancer cells from normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuhua Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weisi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liping Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Junhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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20
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Recent progress in the design principles, sensing mechanisms, and applications of small-molecule probes for nitroreductases. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Tian Y, Li Y, Wang WX, Jiang WL, Fei J, Li CY. Novel Strategy for Validating the Existence and Mechanism of the “Gut–Liver Axis” in Vivo by a Hypoxia-Sensitive NIR Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4244-4250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Junjie Fei
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
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22
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Zhang Z, Lv T, Tao B, Wen Z, Xu Y, Li H, Liu F, Sun S. A novel fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for imaging nitroreductase (NTR) in bacteria and cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Fan L, Zan Q, Lin B, Wang X, Gong X, Zhao Z, Shuang S, Dong C, Wong MS. Hypoxia imaging in living cells, tissues and zebrafish with a nitroreductase-specific fluorescent probe. Analyst 2020; 145:5657-5663. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a nitroreductase-specific fluorescent probe (NTNO) for hypoxia imaging in living cells, tissues and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Zan
- Institute of Environmental Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Lin
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Institute of Environmental Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Human Genetic Disease and Animal model
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Man Shing Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Hong Kong SAR
- P. R. China
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24
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Wang Y, Han X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Chen L. A high-selectivity fluorescent probe for hypoxia imaging in cells and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Analyst 2020; 145:1389-1395. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A two-photon fluorescent probe, hTP-NNO2, is developed for hypoxia evaluationviaNTR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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25
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Feng X, Kang W, Wu X, Wang S, Liu F. Quantitative Detection and Real-Time Monitoring of Endogenous mRNA at the Single Live Cell Level Using a Ratiometric Molecular Beacon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28752-28761. [PMID: 31329405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) plays an important role in various cellular processes. however, traditional techniques cannot realize mRNA detections in live cells as they rely on mRNA purification or cell fixation. To achieve real-time and quantitative mRNA detections at a single live cell level, a single-strand stem-loop-structured ratiometric molecular beacon (RMB) composed of the phosphorothioate-modified loop domain on the 2'-O-methyl RNA backbone with a reporter dye, quencher, and reference dye is proposed to detect the Hsp27 mRNA as a modeled endogenous mRNA. When the RMB hybridizes with the target, the stem-loop structure opens, causing separation of the reporter dye and the quencher and restores the reporter fluorescent signals; therefore, the Hsp27 mRNA can be quantitatively detected according to the ratio of the reporter fluorescent signal to the reference fluorescent signal. Both the phosphorothioate and 2'-O-methyl RNA modifications obviously reduce the nonspecific opening, and the additional reference dye ensures the detection precision using co-localization analysis. Not only does this remove the false-positive signal caused by the nuclease degradation-generated RMB fragment, but it also corrects variations caused by direct measurement of reporter fluorescence intensities at a single cell level owing to inhomogeneity in probe delivery. The designed RMB could detect the Hsp27 mRNA with high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity as well as excellent specificity and antidegradation capability proved in vitro and in live cells. Furthermore, it was successfully adopted in subcellular localization, quantitative copy number measurements, and even real-time monitoring of Hsp27 mRNA in live cells, demonstrating that the proposed RMB can be a potential quantitative endogenous mRNA detection tool, especially at a single live cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Feng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab) , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Wenjie Kang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab) , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Xuping Wu
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210003 , China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab) , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Science , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Fei Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab) , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
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26
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Zhu JL, Xu Z, Yang Y, Xu L. Small-molecule fluorescent probes for specific detection and imaging of chemical species inside lysosomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6629-6671. [PMID: 31119257 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, the preparation of novel small-molecule fluorescent probes for specific detection and imaging of chemical species inside lysosomes has attracted considerable attention because of their wide applications in chemistry, biology, and medical science. This feature article summarizes the recent advances in the design and preparation of small-molecule fluorescent probes for specific detection of chemical species inside lysosomes. In addition, their properties and applications for the detection and imaging of pH, H2O2, HOCl, O2˙-, lipid peroxidation, H2S, HSO3-, thiols, NO, ONOO-, HNO, Zn2+, Cu2+, enzymes, etc. in lysosomes are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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27
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Azodyes as markers for tumor hypoxia imaging and therapy: An up-to-date review. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Kumari R, Sunil D, Ningthoujam RS. Naphthalimides in fluorescent imaging of tumor hypoxia - An up-to-date review. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102979. [PMID: 31100616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a distinctive characteristic of advanced solid malignancies that results from a disparity between oxygen supply and its consumption. The degree of hypoxia is believed to have adverse prognostic significance. Therefore detecting cellular hypoxia can potentially offer insights into the grade of tumour as well as its evolution towards a progressive malignant phenotype, which clinically translates to greater metastatic potential and treatment resistance. Fluorescence imaging to visualize hypoxia in biological systems is a minimally-invasive method. Recently there are several reports on interdisciplinary research that aims at developing functional probes that can be efficiently used for non-invasive imaging of hypoxic tumours. Upregulated levels of nitroreductase (NTR) is detected in hypoxic solid malignancies, and this characteristic feature is increasingly utilized in the development of NTR-targeted fluorescent molecules to selectively sense hypoxia in vivo. The present review summarizes various reports published on the design concepts of nitro naphthalimide-based bio-reductive fluorescent sensors that can be applied noninvasively to image hypoxia in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanya Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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29
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Carvalho TO, Carvalho PHPR, Correa JR, Guido BC, Medeiros GA, Eberlin MN, Coelho SE, Domingos JB, Neto BAD. Palladium Catalyst with Task-Specific Ionic Liquid Ligands: Intracellular Reactions and Mitochondrial Imaging with Benzothiadiazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5118-5128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago O. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. P. R. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Jose R. Correa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna C. Guido
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Gisele A. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Schoool of Engeneering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Sara E. Coelho
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio), Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Josiel B. Domingos
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio), Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
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30
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Yang K, Leslie KG, Kim SY, Kalionis B, Chrzanowski W, Jolliffe KA, New EJ. Tailoring the properties of a hypoxia-responsive 1,8-naphthalimide for imaging applications. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:619-624. [PMID: 29302671 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03164e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sensing hypoxia in tissues and cell models can provide insights into its role in disease states and cell development. Fluorescence imaging is a minimally-invasive method of visualising hypoxia in many biological systems. Here we present a series of improved bioreductive fluorescent sensors based on a nitro-naphthalimide structure, in which selectivity, photophysical properties, toxicity and cellular uptake are tuned through structural modifications. This new range of compounds provides improved probes for imaging and monitoring hypoxia, customised for a range of different applications. Studies in monolayers show the different reducing capabilities of hypoxia-resistant and non-resistant cell lines, and studies in tumour models show successful staining of the hypoxic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Yang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006 Australia
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31
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Geng W, Jia S, Zheng Z, Li Z, Ding D, Guo D. A Noncovalent Fluorescence Turn‐on Strategy for Hypoxia Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2377-2381. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chao Geng
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shaorui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhihao Li
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Tan M, Liu W, Liu F, Zhang W, Gao H, Cheng J, Chen Y, Wang Z, Cao Y, Ran H. Silk Fibroin-Coated Nanoagents for Acidic Lysosome Targeting by a Functional Preservation Strategy in Cancer Chemotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:961-973. [PMID: 30867809 PMCID: PMC6401409 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Premature drug leakage and inefficient cellular uptake are stand out as considerable hurdles for low drug delivery efficiency in tumor chemotherapy. Thus, we established a novel drug delivery and transportation strategy mediated by biocompatible silk fibroin (SF)-coated nanoparticles to overcome these therapeutic hurdles. Methods: we first synthesised a TME-responsive biocompatible nanoplatform constructed of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) cores and SF shells for enhanced chemotherapy by concurrently inhibiting premature drug release, achieving lysosome-targeted explosion and locally sprayed DOX, and monitoring via PAI, which was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Results: The natural SF polymer first served as a "gatekeeper" to inhibit a drug from prematurely leaking into the circulation was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Upon encountering TMEs and targeting to the acidic pH environments of lysosomes, the sensitive ACC nanoparticles were gradually degraded, eventually generating a large amount of Ca2+ and CO2, resulting in lysosomal collapse, thus preventing both the efflux of DOX from cancer cells and the protonation of DOX within the lysosome, releasing multiple hydrolytic enzyme to cytoplasm, exhibiting the optimal therapeutic dose and remarkable synergetic therapeutic performance. In particular, CO2 gas generated by the pH response of ACC nanocarriers demonstrated their imaging capability for PAI, providing the potential for quantifying and guiding drug release in targets. Conclusion: In this work, we constructed TME-responsive biocompatible NPs by coating DOX-preloaded ACC-DOX clusters with SF via a bioinspired mineralization method for efficient therapeutics. This functional lysosome-targeted preservation-strategy-based therapeutic system could provid novel insights into cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixiao Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Fengqiu Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hui Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yang Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Geng WC, Jia S, Zheng Z, Li Z, Ding D, Guo DS. A Noncovalent Fluorescence Turn-on Strategy for Hypoxia Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Shaorui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhihao Li
- College of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education); State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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34
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Zhu C, Zou Z, Huang C, Zheng J, Liu N, Li J, Yang R. Highly selective imaging of lysosomal azoreductase under hypoxia using pH-regulated and target-activated fluorescent nanoprobes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3235-3238. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A pH-regulated and target-activated nanoprobe for highly selective monitoring of lysosomal azoreductase under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Zhen Zou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha
- China
| | - Caixia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha
- China
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35
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Xu A, Tang Y, Lin W. Endoplasmic reticulum-targeted two-photon turn-on fluorescent probe for nitroreductase in tumor cells and tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:770-776. [PMID: 30007884 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia conditions could increase the activity of intracellular nitroreductase (NTR) and lead to many malignant diseases. Therefore, monitoring the activity of NTR is of great significance to study the related diseases. Organelles play crucial roles in the metabolism of living cells. In these organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) possesses single membrane structure, and it is the largest organelle in the cell. ER performs the synthesis, processing and modification of proteins and lipid, stabilizing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and other physiological functions in living cells. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop ER-target probes in living system. Toward this goal, a new endoplasmic reticulum-targeted two-photon fluorescence turn-on NTR probe Na-NTR-ER is designed and synthesized. Probe Na-NTR-ER has been proved to display high sensitivity (36 ng/mL) and selectivity to NTR. Particularly, probe Na-NTR-ER has been successfully applied for the monitoring of NTR in ER with a high the Pearson's colocalization coefficient as 0.90 in HeLa cells and cancerous mouse tissues up to the depth of 100 μm with significant fluorescence signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
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36
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Feng H, Meng Q, Wang Y, Duan C, Wang C, Jia H, Zhang Z, Zhang R. Responsive Fluorescence Probe for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Hypochlorous Acid in Live Cells and Animals. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2611-2618. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; Anshan 114044 China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; Anshan 114044 China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; Anshan 114044 China
| | - Chengchen Duan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Cuiping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; Anshan 114044 China
| | - Hongmin Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; Anshan 114044 China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; Anshan 114044 China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane 4072 Australia
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37
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Zhang QQ, Yang T, Li RS, Zou HY, Li YF, Guo J, Liu XD, Huang CZ. A functional preservation strategy for the production of highly photoluminescent emerald carbon dots for lysosome targeting and lysosomal pH imaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14705-14711. [PMID: 30039824 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03212b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes, which can be easily targeted by molecules with abundant amino groups, play critical roles in endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis; thus, it is important to accurately characterize lysosomes, including lysosomal pH, in living cells to understand their physiological and pathological functions. Herein, a new type of highly photoluminescent (PL) emerald carbon dots (CDs) was easily prepared through a functional preservation strategy (FPS) by simply mixing p-benzoquinone and ethanediamine at room temperature. The as-prepared CDs possessed abundant amino groups preserved from ethanediamine owing to FPS, and they exhibited excellent photostability as compared to the commercial LysoTracker probes. Consequently, they actively targeted lysosomes to sensitively respond to lysosomal pH in vitro owing to their abundant amino groups and good hydrophilicity. Thus, we could successfully monitor lysosomal pH dynamics during apoptosis in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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38
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Chyan W, Raines RT. Enzyme-Activated Fluorogenic Probes for Live-Cell and in Vivo Imaging. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1810-1823. [PMID: 29924581 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes, small-molecule sensors that unmask brilliant fluorescence upon exposure to specific stimuli, are powerful tools for chemical biology. Those probes that respond to enzymatic catalysis illuminate the complex dynamics of biological processes at a level of spatiotemporal detail and sensitivity unmatched by other techniques. Here, we review recent advances in enzyme-activated fluorogenic probes for biological imaging. We organize our survey by enzyme classification, with emphasis on fluorophore masking strategies, modes of enzymatic activation, and the breadth of current and future applications. Key challenges such as probe selectivity and spectroscopic requirements are described alongside therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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39
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Fang Y, Shi W, Hu Y, Li X, Ma H. A dual-function fluorescent probe for monitoring the degrees of hypoxia in living cells via the imaging of nitroreductase and adenosine triphosphate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5454-5457. [PMID: 29749411 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new dual-function fluorescent probe is developed for detecting nitroreductase (NTR) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with different responses. Imaging application of the probe reveals that intracellular NTR and ATP display an adverse changing trend during a hypoxic process and ATP can serve as a new sign for cell hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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40
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Sudheesh KV, Joseph MM, Philips DS, Samanta A, Kumar Maiti K, Ajayaghosh A. pH-Controlled Nanoparticles Formation and Tracking of Lysosomal Zinc Ions in Cancer Cells by Fluorescent Carbazole-Bipyridine Conjugates. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karivachery V. Sudheesh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Manu M. Joseph
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Divya S. Philips
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Ayappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST); Trivandrum 695019 India
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41
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Wu C, Li G, Han QB, Pei RJ, Liu JB, Ma DL, Leung CH. Real-time detection of oxalyl chloride based on a long-lived iridium(iii) probe. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:17074-17079. [PMID: 29188252 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of luminescent iridium(iii) complexes were designed and evaluated for their ability to detect oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) at ambient temperature. In the presence of (COCl)2, a double amidation reaction takes place at the diamino functionality of complex 1, leading to the switching-on of a long-lived red luminescence with a 9-fold enhanced emission. Complex 1 exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity, with a detection limit for (COCl)2 at 32 nM. Additionally, complex 1 can be used to detect (COCl)2 using a simple smartphone, allowing for the portable and real-time monitoring of (COCl)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ren-Jun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. and School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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42
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Rong RX, Wang SS, Liu X, Li RF, Wang KR, Cao ZR, Li XL. Lysosomes-targeting imaging and anticancer properties of novel bis-naphthalimide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:742-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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43
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44
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Zhou H, Tang J, Lv L, Sun N, Zhang J, Chen B, Mao J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou J. Intracellular endogenous glutathione detection and imaging by a simple and sensitive spectroscopic off–on probe. Analyst 2018; 143:2390-2396. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new colorimetric and fluorescent off–on probe is constructed, synthesized and applied to indicate fluctuations in intracellular GSH levels selectively and sensitively under the stimulation of chemicals and drugs.
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45
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He Z, Chou Y, Zhou H, Zhang H, Cheng T, Liu G. A nitroreductase and acidity detecting dual functional ratiometric fluorescent probe for selectively imaging tumor cells. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3266-3272. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A dual functional ratiometric fluorescent probe can obviously distinguish acidity, nitroreductase, and nitroreductase in an acidic environment. Confocal fluorescence imaging of A549 cells indicates the probe can detect acidity and expressed nitroreductase in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuai He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Yajie Chou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Hanxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Tanyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
| | - Guohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
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46
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Cai Y, Gui C, Samedov K, Su H, Gu X, Li S, Luo W, Sung HHY, Lam JWY, Kwok RTK, Williams ID, Qin A, Tang BZ. An acidic pH independent piperazine-TPE AIEgen as a unique bioprobe for lysosome tracing. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7593-7603. [PMID: 29568423 PMCID: PMC5848814 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PIP–TPE’s fluorescence turns on blue due to the large viscosity of lysosomes which restricts intramolecular motions but it red-shifts in the bulk.
Lysosomes are involved in a multitude of cellular processes and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. They are the most acidic organelles (pH 3.8–6.6, size 0.1–1.2 μm) with the highest viscosity (47–190 cP at 25 °C) in the cell. Because of their acidity, pH dependent non-AIE active fluorescent lysosomal probes have been developed that rely on protonation inhibited photoinduced electron transfer (PET). In this work, an acidic pH independent lysosome targetable piperazine–TPE (PIP–TPE) AIEgen has been designed with unique photophysical properties making it a suitable probe for quantifying viscosity. In a non-aggregated state PIP–TPE shows deep-blue emission as opposed to its yellowish-green emission in the bulk. It possesses high specificity for lysosomes with negligible cytotoxicity and good tracing ability due to its better photostability compared to LysoTracker Red. In contrast to most known lysosome probes that rely solely on PET, restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) due to the larger viscosity inside the lysosomes is the mechanism responsible for PIP–TPE’s fluorescence. PIP–TPE’s high selectivity is attributed to its unique molecular design that features piperazine fragments providing a perfect balance between lipophilicity and polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Cai
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . .,Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chen Gui
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Kerim Samedov
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Huifang Su
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Shiwu Li
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Wenwen Luo
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Anjun Qin
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team , State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China . .,Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
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47
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Li H, Li X, Wu X, Shi W, Ma H. Observation of the Generation of ONOO– in Mitochondria under Various Stimuli with a Sensitive Fluorescence Probe. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5519-5525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education
Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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48
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Huang B, Chen W, Kuang YQ, Liu W, Liu XJ, Tang LJ, Jiang JH. A novel off–on fluorescent probe for sensitive imaging of mitochondria-specific nitroreductase activity in living tumor cells. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4383-4389. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel fluorescent probe of a benzoindocyanine probe (BICP), which is able to target mitochondria and realize sensitive and selective detection of NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Yong-Qing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Xian-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
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49
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Jin C, Zhang Q, Lu W. Selective turn-on near-infrared fluorescence probe for hypoxic tumor cell imaging. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01466j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed a new selective turn on near-infrared fluorescence probe by conjugating (1-methyl-2-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanol to DCPO with ether linkage for hypoxic tumor cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Qiumeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
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50
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Zhang Y, Li S, Zhao Z. Using Nanoliposomes To Construct a FRET-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Sensing Intracellular pH Values. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12380-12385. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilei Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate
School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate
School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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