1
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Dereka B, Balanikas E, Rosspeintner A, Li Z, Liska R, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking and Localization in a Noncentrosymmetric Electron Donor-Acceptor-Donor Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8280-8286. [PMID: 39143858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Electronic excitation in quadrupolar conjugated molecules rapidly localizes on a single electron donor-acceptor (DA) branch when in polar environments. The loss of center of inversion upon this excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB) can be monitored by exploiting the relaxation of the exclusion rules for IR and Raman vibrational transitions. Here, we compare ES-SB in a right-angled (1) and a centrosymmetric (2) DAD dyes using time-resolved IR spectroscopy. We show that the localization of the excitation can also be identified with the bent molecule 1. We find that contrary to dye 2, subpopulations with localized and delocalized excitation coexist for 1 in weak to medium polar solvents. This difference originates from the torsional disorder present in the excited state of 1 but not of 2. Additionally, irreversible localization in a bent molecule is shown to require higher solvent polarity than in a centrosymmetric one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Wrzosek A, Vullev VI, Szewczyk A, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Quadrupolar, Highly Polarized Dyes: Emission Dependence on Viscosity and Selective Mitochondria Staining. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:248-257. [PMID: 38585507 PMCID: PMC10995932 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Quadrupolar A-D-A-type 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles (DHPPs) bearing pyridinium and quinolinium substituents emit in the 500-600 nm region. The enhancement of electronic communication between the electron-rich heterocyclic core and electron-deficient peripheral substituents turned out to be crucial for achieving emission enhancement in viscous media. DHPP bearing two 4-pyridinium substituents has optical brightness 34,000 in glycerol and only 700 in MeOH, as evidenced by measurements of the emission intensity and fluorescence lifetimes in a series of polar solvents. Such behavior makes it an excellent candidate for viscosity probes in fluorescence microscopy, as demonstrated by the fluorescence imaging of H9C2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, Riverside,
900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR-6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Balanikas E, Reymond-Joubin M, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in Solvent Mixtures. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2447-2452. [PMID: 38407054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A large number of multipolar dyes undergo excited-state symmetry breaking (ESSB) in polar media. During this process, electronic excitation, initially distributed evenly over the molecule, localizes, at least partially, on one donor-acceptor branch. To resolve its initial stage, ESSB is investigated with a donor-acceptor-donor dye in binary mixtures of nonpolar and polar solvents using time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy. The presence of a few polar molecules around the dye is sufficient to initiate ESSB. Although the extent of asymmetry in a mixture is close to that in a pure solvent of similar polarity, the dynamics are slower and involve translational diffusion. However, preferential solvation in the mixtures leads to a larger local polarity. Furthermore, inhomogeneous broadening of the S1 ← S0 absorption band of the dye is observed in the mixtures, allowing for a photoselection of solutes with different local environments and ESSB dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maric Reymond-Joubin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Clark JA, Kusy D, Vakuliuk O, Krzeszewski M, Kochanowski KJ, Koszarna B, O'Mari O, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. The magic of biaryl linkers: the electronic coupling through them defines the propensity for excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorophores. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13537-13550. [PMID: 38033901 PMCID: PMC10685337 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is key for molecular photonics, governing the optical properties of chromophores comprising electron-rich and electron-deficient components. In photoexcited dyes with an acceptor-donor-acceptor or donor-acceptor-donor architecture, CT breaks their quadrupolar symmetry and yields dipolar structures manifesting pronounced solvatochromism. Herein, we explore the effects of electronic coupling through biaryl linkers on the excited-state symmetry breaking of such hybrid dyes composed of an electron-rich core, i.e., 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP), and pyrene substituents that can act as electron acceptors. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that strengthening the donor-acceptor electronic coupling decreases the CT rates and the propensity for symmetry breaking. We ascribe this unexpected result to effects of electronic coupling on the CT thermodynamics, which in its turn affects the CT kinetics. In cases of intermediate electronic coupling, the pyrene-DHPP conjugates produce fluorescence spectra, spreading over the whole visible range, that in addition to the broad CT emission, show bands from the radiative deactivation of the locally excited states of the donor and the acceptors. Because the radiative deactivation of the low-lying CT states is distinctly slow, fluorescence from upper locally excited states emerge leading to the observed anti-Kasha behaviour. As a result, these dyes exhibit white fluorescence. In addition to demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the effects of electronic coupling on CT dynamics, these chromophores can act as broad-band light sources with practical importance for imaging and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Kochanowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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5
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Verma P, Tasior M, Roy P, Meech SR, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar pull-push-pull molecules: dicyanovinyl vs. cyanophenyl acceptors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22689-22699. [PMID: 37602791 PMCID: PMC10467566 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02810k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of quadrupolar dyes behave as their dipolar analogues when photoexcited in polar environments. This is due to the occurrence of excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB), upon which the electronic excitation, initially distributed over the whole molecule, localises preferentially on one side. Here, we investigate the ES-SB properties of two A-D-A dyes, consisting of a pyrrolo-pyrrole donor (D) and either cyanophenyl or dicyanovinyl acceptors (A). For this, we use time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy, comparing IR absorption and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopies. Although dicyanovinyl is a stronger electron-withdrawing group, ES-SB is not observed with the dicyanovinyl-based dye even in highly polar media, whereas it already takes place in weakly polar solvents with dyes containing cyanophenyl accepting groups. This difference is attributed to the large electronic coupling between the D-A branches in the former dye, whose loss upon symmetry breaking cannot be counterbalanced by a gain in solvation energy. Comparison with analogues of the cyanophenyl-based dye containing different spacers reveals that interbranch coupling does not so much depend on the distance between the D-A subunits than on the nature of the spacer. We show that transient Raman spectra probe different modes of these centrosymmetric molecules but are consistent with the transient IR data. However, lifetime broadening of the Raman bands, probably due to the resonance enhancement, may limit the application of this technique for monitoring ES-SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Palas Roy
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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6
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Fakis M, Petropoulos V, Hrobárik P, Nociarová J, Osuský P, Maiuri M, Cerullo G. Exploring Solvent and Substituent Effects on the Excited State Dynamics and Symmetry Breaking of Quadrupolar Triarylamine End-Capped Benzothiazole Chromophores by Femtosecond Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8532-8543. [PMID: 36256786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate herein the excited state dynamics and symmetry breaking processes in three benzothiazole-derived two-photon absorbing chromophores by femtosecond fluorescence and transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopies in solvents of various polarity. The chromophores feature a quasi-quadrupolar D-π-A-π-D architecture comprised of an electron-withdrawing benzothiazole core and lateral triphenylamine donors (Qbtz-H), while the acceptor strength of the central unit is enforced by attached cyano groups (Qbtz-CN) and the electron-donating strength of the arylamine moieties by introduction of peripheral methoxy groups (Qbtz'-CN). Steady state spectroscopy reveals positive solvatochromism, which is mostly pronounced for Qbtz'-CN. Femtosecond spectroscopy of Qbtz-H reveals the coexistence of the Franck-Condon (FC) state and states populated after symmetry breaking (SB) in low-polarity solvents such as toluene and tetrahydrofuran, while the SB state becomes favorable in polar acetonitrile. For the other two molecules possessing a stronger electron-accepting unit and thus more polar excited state, SB takes place even in low-polarity solvents, as shown by fs-TA spectroscopy. Global fitting of the fs-TA spectra together with investigation of the evolution associated spectra (EAS) reveals the existence of an initial FC state in Qbtz-H, in all studied solvents, which relaxes toward Intermediate Charge Transfer (I-CT) and SB states. On the other hand, for Qbtz-CN and Qbtz'-CN in more polar solvents, the FC state undergoes ultrafast relaxation toward symmetry-broken charge transfer (SB-CT) states which in turn show very fast recombination to the ground state. Our measurements confirm that the extent of symmetry breaking is larger for D-π-A-π-D systems with the stronger acceptor core and increases further by increasing electron-donating strength of triarylamine moieties, giving rise to symmetry breaking in these nonionic quadrupolar molecules with ethynylene (triple bond) π-spacers also in less polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihalis Fakis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, PatrasGR-26500, Greece
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Hrobárik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jela Nociarová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Osuský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133Milan, Italy
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7
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Hauguel C, Pozzo J, Hamze A, Provot O. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]indole and Indolo[3,2‐
b
]indole Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Hauguel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Jean‐Luc Pozzo
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR5255 351 cours Libération F-33405 Bordeaux France
| | - Abdallah Hamze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Olivier Provot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
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8
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Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
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9
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Nemkovich NA, Detert H, Sobchuk AN, Tomin VI, Wróblewski T. Polarity and strong sensitivity to external electric field in azacrown oligophenylenevinylene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120824. [PMID: 35033755 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex study of quadrupolar azacrown dye (E,E)-5,5́-Bis[2-(4-(4',7',10',13',16'-pentaoxa-1 azacyclooctadecyl)phenyl)ethenyl]-2,2́-bipyridine 1 was performed. Electronic spectra of absorption and fluorescence in different solvents exhibit strong solvatochromism. Electrooptical absorption measurements (EOAM) were performed to determine the electric dipole moments. These measurements gave large values of dipole moments in the ground μg and Franck-Condon excited state μeFC equal to 6.8 ± 0.14C m and 39.3 ± 0.3C m, respectively. Furthermore, the results of EOAM suggest the existence two conformers in the ground state with close energies of electronic transitions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations directly show that the shape of this molecule is not planar in the ground state and also allows the existence of two stable conformers with close energies. They appeared due to different orientations of the left and right pyridine fragments of the solute. The energies, electric dipole moments and dependences of dipole moments on the strength of applied electric field were calculated for found stable conformers of 1. DFT calculations with TD / B3LYP / 3-21G and cc-pVDZ (Time Depend) approach show that external electric field increases dramatically the dipole moments of the solute under study. The higher field intensity the larger the excited electric dipole in the range intensities from zero to ∼ 2.8·× 10 9 V/m.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Nemkovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Natl. Acad. Sci. of Belarus, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - H Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - A N Sobchuk
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Natl. Acad. Sci. of Belarus, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - V I Tomin
- Department of Physics, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200 Poland.
| | - T Wróblewski
- Department of Physics, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200 Poland.
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10
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Vauthey E. Watching Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in Multibranched Push-Pull Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2064-2071. [PMID: 35212550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emissive properties of symmetric molecules containing several donor-acceptor branches are often similar to those of the single-branched analogues. This is due to the at least partial localization of the excitation on one branch. Detailed understanding of this excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB) requires the ability to monitor this process in real time. Over the past few years, several spectroscopic approaches were shown to enable visualization of ES-SB and of its dynamics. They include the detection of new vibrational or electronic absorption bands associated with transitions that are forbidden in the symmetric excited state. Alternatively, ES-SB can be detected by observing transitions that become weaker or vanish upon localization of the excitation. Herein, we discuss these different approaches as well as their merits and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Kubota Y, Koide K, Mizuno Y, Nakazawa M, Inuzuka T, Funabiki K, Sato H, Matsui M. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole dyes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite being regioisomers, unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles 5 and 6 showed significantly different absorption and fluorescence properties due to the difference of the resonance structure between 5 and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kenta Koide
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuka Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-Cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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12
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Tasior M, Kowalczyk P, Przybył M, Czichy M, Janasik P, Bousquet MHE, Łapkowski M, Rammo M, Rebane A, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Going beyond the borders: pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles with deep red emission. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15935-15946. [PMID: 35024117 PMCID: PMC8672719 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-step route to strongly absorbing and efficiently orange to deep red fluorescent, doubly B/N-doped, ladder-type pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles has been developed. We synthesize and study a series of derivatives of these four-coordinate boron-containing, nominally quadrupolar materials, which mostly exhibit one-photon absorption in the 500-600 nm range with the peak molar extinction coefficients reaching 150 000, and emission in the 520-670 nm range with the fluorescence quantum yields reaching 0.90. Within the family of these ultrastable dyes even small structural changes lead to significant variations of the photophysical properties, in some cases attributed to reversal of energy ordering of alternate-parity excited electronic states. Effective preservation of ground-state inversion symmetry was evidenced by very weak two-photon absorption (2PA) at excitation wavelengths corresponding to the lowest-energy, strongly one-photon allowed purely electronic transition. π-Expanded derivatives and those possessing electron-donating groups showed the most red-shifted absorption- and emission spectra, while displaying remarkably high peak 2PA cross-section (σ 2PA) values reaching ∼2400 GM at around 760 nm, corresponding to a two-photon allowed higher-energy excited state. At the same time, derivatives lacking π-expansion were found to have a relatively weak 2PA peak centered at ca. 800-900 nm with the maximum σ 2PA ∼50-250 GM. Our findings are augmented by theoretical calculations performed using TD-DFT method, which reproduce the main experimental trends, including the 2PA, in a nearly quantitative manner. Electrochemical studies revealed that the HOMO of the new dyes is located at ca. -5.35 eV making them relatively electron rich in spite of the presence of two B--N+ dative bonds. These dyes undergo a fully reversible first oxidation, located on the diphenylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core, directly to the di(radical cation) stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marta Przybył
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | | | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland .,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia.,Department of Physics, Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Lab-UMR 6230, CNRS, University of Nantes Nantes France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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13
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Sadowski B, Kaliszewska M, Poronik YM, Czichy M, Janasik P, Banasiewicz M, Mierzwa D, Gadomski W, Lohrey TD, Clark JA, Łapkowski M, Kozankiewicz B, Vullev VI, Sobolewski AL, Piatkowski P, Gryko DT. Potent strategy towards strongly emissive nitroaromatics through a weakly electron-deficient core. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14039-14049. [PMID: 34760187 PMCID: PMC8565362 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatics seldom fluoresce. The importance of electron-deficient (n-type) conjugates, however, has inspired a number of strategies for suppressing the emission-quenching effects of the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group. Here, we demonstrate how such strategies yield fluorescent nitroaryl derivatives of dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND). Nitro groups near the DPND core quench its fluorescence. Conversely, nitro groups placed farther from the core allow some of the highest fluorescence quantum yields ever recorded for nitroaromatics. This strategy of preventing the known processes that compete with photoemission, however, leads to the emergence of unprecedented alternative mechanisms for fluorescence quenching, involving transitions to dark nπ* singlet states and aborted photochemistry. Forming nπ* triplet states from ππ* singlets is a classical pathway for fluorescence quenching. In nitro-DPNDs, however, these ππ* and nπ* excited states are both singlets, and they are common for nitroaryl conjugates. Understanding the excited-state dynamics of such nitroaromatics is crucial for designing strongly fluorescent electron-deficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marzena Kaliszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Gadomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA USA
| | - John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Bolesław Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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14
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Abstract
Excited-state symmetry breaking (ES-SB) is common to a large number of multibranched electron donor-acceptor (DA) molecules in polar environments. During this process, the electronic excitation, originally evenly distributed over the molecule, localizes, at least partially, on one branch. Due to the absence of an unambiguous spectroscopic signature in the UV-vis region, electronic transient absorption (TA) has not been the method of choice for real-time observation of this phenomenon. Herein, we demonstrate that the Laporte rule, which states that one-photon transitions conserving parity are forbidden in centrosymmetric molecules, provides such clear signature of ES-SB in electronic TA spectroscopy. Using a dicyanoanthracene-based D-A-D dye, we show that transitions from the S1 state of this molecule, which are initially Laporte forbidden, become allowed upon ES-SB. This leads to the rise of new TA bands, whose intensity provides a direct measure of the extent of asymmetry in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szakács
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Nemkovich NA, Detert H, Sobchuk AN, Tomin VI, Wróblewski T. Solvatochromy and symmetry breaking in two quadrupolar oligophenylenevinylenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119395. [PMID: 33440287 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrooptical absorption measurements (EOAM), solvatochromic dependences and quantum chemical simulations testify to large dipole moments change of two quadrupolar oligophenylenevinylenes upon transition to Franck-Condon excited state μeFC. The values of the dipole moments μg and μeFC are in the range [(4.2 - 4.9)1030] C m and (30.8 - 47.0)1030C m, respectively. The relations of dipole moments in the ground and excited states determined by EOAM correlate well with results obtained via the solvatochromic method. Calculations carried out by density functional theory (DFT) show that optimized configuration of the ground state of these molecules is not planar. The results from all methods applied unequivocally show the structural symmetry breaking in the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Nemkovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany; B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NASB, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - H Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, J. Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A N Sobchuk
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, NASB, Independence Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - V I Tomin
- Physics Department, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200, Poland
| | - T Wróblewski
- Physics Department, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk 76-200, Poland.
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16
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Szakács Z, Glöcklhofer F, Plasser F, Vauthey E. Excited-state symmetry breaking in 9,10-dicyanoanthracene-based quadrupolar molecules: the effect of donor-acceptor branch length. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15150-15158. [PMID: 34259270 PMCID: PMC8294646 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02376d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excited-state symmetry breaking is investigated in a series of symmetric 9,10-dicyanoanthracenes linked to electron-donating groups on the 2 and 6 positions via different spacers, allowing for a tuning of the length of the donor–acceptor branches. The excited-state properties of these compounds are compared with their dipolar single-branch analogues. The changes in electronic structure upon their optical excitation are monitored by transient electronic spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared regions as well as by transient vibrational spectroscopy in the mid-infrared. Our results reveal that, with the shortest branches, electronic excitation remains distributed almost symmetrically over the molecule even in polar environments. Upon increasing the donor–acceptor distance, excitation becomes unevenly distributed and, with the longest one, it fully localises on one branch in polar solvents. The influence of the branch length on the propensity of quadrupolar dyes to undergo excited-state symmetry breaking is rationalised in terms of the balance between interbranch coupling and solvation energy. Excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar molecules depends on the balance between inter-branch coupling and polar solvation energy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szakács
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Glöcklhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland.
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17
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Poronik YM, Baryshnikov GV, Deperasińska I, Espinoza EM, Clark JA, Ågren H, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. Deciphering the unusual fluorescence in weakly coupled bis-nitro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Commun Chem 2020; 3:190. [PMID: 36703353 PMCID: PMC9814504 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron-deficient π-conjugated functional dyes lie at the heart of organic optoelectronics. Adding nitro groups to aromatic compounds usually quenches their fluorescence via inter-system crossing (ISC) or internal conversion (IC). While strong electronic coupling of the nitro groups with the dyes ensures the benefits from these electron-withdrawing substituents, it also leads to fluorescence quenching. Here, we demonstrate how such electronic coupling affects the photophysics of acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorescent dyes, with nitrophenyl acceptors and a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole donor. The position of the nitro groups and the donor-acceptor distance strongly affect the fluorescence properties of the bis-nitrotetraphenylpyrrolopyrroles. Concurrently, increasing solvent polarity quenches the emission that recovers upon solidifying the media. Intramolecular charge transfer (CT) and molecular dynamics, therefore, govern the fluorescence of these nitro-aromatics. While balanced donor-acceptor coupling ensures fast radiative deactivation and slow ISC essential for large fluorescence quantum yields, vibronic borrowing accounts for medium dependent IC via back CT. These mechanistic paradigms set important design principles for molecular photonics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen M. Poronik
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eli M. Espinoza
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Present Address: College of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - John A. Clark
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Hans Ågren
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.77602.340000 0001 1088 3909Department of Physics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA USA ,grid.266097.c0000 0001 2222 1582Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
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18
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Chen MC, Chen DG, Chou PT. Fluorescent Chromophores Containing the Nitro Group: Relatively Unexplored Emissive Properties. Chempluschem 2020; 86:11-27. [PMID: 33094565 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apart from numerous applications, for example in azo dye precursors, explosives, and industrial processes, the nitro group (-NO2 ) appears on countless molecules in photochemical research owing to its unique characteristics such as a strong electron-withdrawing ability and facile conversion to the reduced substituent. Although it is well known as a fluorescence quencher, fluorescent chromophores that contain the nitro group have also emerged, with 3-nitrophenothiazine being recently reported to have 100 % emission quantum yield in nonpolar solvents. The diverse characters of nitro-containing chromophores motivated us to systematically review those chromophores with nitro substituents, their associated photophysical properties, and applications. In this Review, we succinctly elaborate the advance of the fluorescent nitro chromophores in fields of intramolecular charge transfer, fluorescent probes and nonlinear properties. Special attention is paid to the rationalization of the associated emission spectroscopy, so that the readers can gain insights into the structure-photophysics relationship and hence gain insights for the strategic design of nitro chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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19
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next-Generation Large X-Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16104-16113. [PMID: 32492240 PMCID: PMC7689858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Red‐emissive π‐expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) with fluorescence reaching λ=750 nm can be easily synthesized by a three‐step strategy involving the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole followed by N‐arylation and subsequent intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. Comprehensive spectroscopic assays combined with first‐principles calculations corroborated that both N‐arylated and fused DPPs reach a locally excited (S1) state after excitation, followed by internal conversion to states with solvent and structural relaxation, before eventually undergoing intersystem crossing. Only the structurally relaxed state is fluorescent, with lifetimes in the range of several nanoseconds and tens of picoseconds in nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The lifetimes correlate with the fluorescence quantum yields, which range from 6 % to 88 % in nonpolar solvents and from 0.4 % and 3.2 % in polar solvents. A very inefficient (T1) population is responsible for fluorescence quantum yields as high as 88 % for the fully fused DPP in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick M McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next‐Generation Large X‐Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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21
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Chen M, Lee Y, Huang Z, Chen D, Chou P. Tuning Electron‐Withdrawing Strength on Phenothiazine Derivatives: Achieving 100 % Photoluminescence Quantum Yield by NO
2
Substitution. Chemistry 2020; 26:7124-7130. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yao‐Lin Lee
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Zhi‐Xuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Deng‐Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry National (Taiwan) University No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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22
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Łukasiewicz ŁG, Rammo M, Stark C, Krzeszewski M, Jacquemin D, Rebane A, Gryko DT. Ground‐ and Excited‐State Symmetry Breaking and Solvatofluorochromism in Centrosymmetric Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrroles Possessing two Nitro Groups. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz G. Łukasiewicz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Charlie Stark
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM laboratory – UMR 6230University of Nantes 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes France
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeemia tee 23 12618 Tallinn Estonia
- Department of PhysicsMontana State University Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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23
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Niu X, Kuang Z, Planells M, Guo Y, Robertson N, Xia A. Electron-donating strength dependent symmetry breaking charge transfer dynamics of quadrupolar molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15743-15750. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent induced excited state symmetry breaking processes of donor–acceptor–donor quadrupolar dyes are successfully tracked in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Miquel Planells
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Neil Robertson
- EastChem – School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh EH9 3JJ
- UK
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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24
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Kim T, Kim W, Vakuliuk O, Gryko DT, Kim D. Two-Step Charge Separation Passing Through the Partial Charge-Transfer State in a Molecular Dyad. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1564-1573. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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25
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Bardi B, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT, Painelli A, Terenziani F. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in an Aza-Nanographene Dye. Chemistry 2019; 25:13930-13938. [PMID: 31373409 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a structurally unique aza-analogue of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons characterized by 12 conjugated rings and a curved architecture was studied in detail. The combined experimental and computational investigation reveals that the lowest excited state has charge-transfer character, in spite of the absence of any peripheral electron-withdrawing groups. The exceptionally electron-rich core comprised of two fused pyrrole rings is responsible for it. The observed strong solvatofluorochromism is related to symmetry breaking occurring in the emitting excited state, leading to a significant dipole moment (13.5 D) in the relaxed excited state. The anomalously small fluorescence anisotropy of this molecule, which is qualitatively different from what is observed in standard quadrupolar dyes, is explained as due to the presence of excited states that are close in energy but have different polarization directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Bardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Painelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Terenziani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124, Parma, Italy
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26
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Söderberg M, Dereka B, Marrocchi A, Carlotti B, Vauthey E. Ground-State Structural Disorder and Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Quadrupolar Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2944-2948. [PMID: 31081644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of torsional disorder around the ethynyl π-bridges of a linear D-π-A-π-D molecule on the nature of its S1 excited state was investigated using ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. By tuning the pump wavelength throughout the S1 ← S0 absorption band, subpopulations with different extents of asymmetry could be excited. In nonpolar solvents, the equilibrated S1 state is symmetric and quadrupolar independently of the initial degree of distortion. Photoexcitation of distorted molecules is followed by planarization and symmetrization of the S1 state. Excited-state symmetry breaking is only observed in polar environments, where the equilibrated S1 state has a strong dipolar character. However, neither the extent nor the rate of symmetry breaking are enhanced in an initially distorted molecule. They are only determined by the polarity and the dynamic properties of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Söderberg
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Assunta Marrocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
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27
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Banasiewicz M, Stężycki R, Kumar GD, Krzeszewski M, Tasior M, Koszarna B, Janiga A, Vakuliuk O, Sadowski B, Gryko DT, Jacquemin D. Electronic Communication in Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles Possessing Sterically Hindered Aromatic Substituents. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anita Janiga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; 2, rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3 France
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28
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Tasior M, Koszarna B, Young DC, Bernard B, Jacquemin D, Gryko D, Gryko DT. Fe(iii)-Catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles: formation of new dyes and photophysical studies. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles has been developed employing iron(iii) perchlorate as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - David C. Young
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Beata Bernard
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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29
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Tasior M, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Synthesis of Bis(arylethynyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles and Effect of Intramolecular Charge Transfer on Their Photophysical Behavior. Chemistry 2018; 25:598-608. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; Cours de la libération 351 33405 Talence France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; Cours de la libération 351 33405 Talence France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; Rue de la Houssinière 2 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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30
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Sadowski B, Hassanein K, Ventura B, Gryko DT. Tetraphenylethylenepyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Hybrids as Solid-State Emitters: The Role of Substitution Pattern. Org Lett 2018; 20:3183-3186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Yang J, Hu W, Li H, Hou H, Tu Y, Liu B. Facile synthesis of a two-photon fluorescent probe based on pyrimidine 2-isothiocyanate and its application in bioimaging. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:474-481. [PMID: 29582875 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy imaging has been widely applied in biological imaging, but the development of two-photon absorption probes is obviously lagging behind in the development of imaging technology. In this paper, a two-photon fluorescent probe (1) based on pyrimidine 2-isothiocyanate has been designed and synthesized through a simple method for two-photon biological imaging. Probe 1 was able to couple effectively with the amino groups on biomolecules. To verify the reactivity of the isothiocyanate group on probe 1 and the amine groups on the biomolecules, d-glucosamine was chosen as a model biomolecule to conjugate with probe 1. The result showed that probe 1 could effectively conjugate with d-glucosamine to synthesize probe 2, and the yield of probe 2 was 83%. After conjugating with d-glucosamine, linear absorption spectra, single-photon fluorescence spectra, and two-photon fluorescence spectra of probes 1 and 2 did not present significant changes. Probes 1 and 2 exhibited high fluorescence quantum yields (0.71-0.79) in toluene and chloroform. They also exhibited different photo-physical properties in solvents with different polarities. The two-photon absorption cross-section of probe 1 was 953 GM in toluene. In addition, probe 1 could be effectively conjugated with transferrin, and the conjugated probe (Tf-1) could be transported into Hep G2 cells through a receptor-mediated process for biological imaging. These results demonstrate that such probes are expected to have great potential applications in two-photon fluorescence bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan 430212, P. R. China.
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32
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Krzeszewski M, Sahara K, Poronik YM, Kubo T, Gryko DT. Unforeseen 1,2-Aryl Shift in Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles Triggered by Oxidative Aromatic Coupling. Org Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Keisuke Sahara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yevgen M. Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Tasior M, Czichy M, Łapkowski M, Gryko DT. Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole: The Missing Member of the Thienoacene Family. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:449-456. [PMID: 29272075 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzothienopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and the corresponding bis(S,S-dioxide) were synthesized by using a concise synthetic strategy. Despite the presence of six fused aromatic rings, π-expanded pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles of this type absorb and emit at relatively short wavelengths, which reflects inefficient π conjugation due to the angular arrangement of the aromatic rings. They exhibit interesting and complex electrochemical behavior, which highlights their potential in organic electronics. Both heteroacenes undergo two-stage oxidation while retaining the independence of each 1-phenyl-1H-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]pyrrole, which was proved by in situ electron spin resonance measurements. Interestingly, electrochemically generated dicationdiradicals are not only distributed over the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, but also over the phenyl substituents located on nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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34
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FCI-Literaturpreis: T. Schirmeister, C. Schmuck, P. R. Wich / FNP-Preis: D. T. Gryko / Heinz Award: J. M. DeSimone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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FCI Literature Prize: T. Schirmeister, C. Schmuck, P. R. Wich / Foundation for Polish Science Award: D. T. Gryko / Heinz Award: J. M. DeSimone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1745. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Tasior M, Hassanein K, Mazur LM, Sakellari I, Gray D, Farsari M, Samoć M, Santoro F, Ventura B, Gryko DT. The role of intramolecular charge transfer and symmetry breaking in the photophysics of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-dione. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22260-22271. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reveals structurally unique π-expanded pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole and its non-typical photophysical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Leszek M. Mazur
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Ioanna Sakellari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH)
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - David Gray
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH)
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Maria Farsari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH)
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- CNR-Institute of Organometallic Compounds
- Area della Ricerca del CNR
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | | | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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37
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Dereka B, Rosspeintner A, Stężycki R, Ruckebusch C, Gryko DT, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in a Quadrupolar Molecule Visualized in Time and Space. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6029-6034. [PMID: 29190104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the length of the push-pull branches of quadrupolar molecules on their excited-state symmetry breaking was investigated using ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. For this, the excited-state dynamics of an A-π-D-π-A molecule was compared with those of an ADA analogue, where the same electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) subunits are directly linked without a phenylethynyl π-spacer. The spatial distribution of the excitation was visualized in real time by monitoring C≡C and C≡N vibrational modes localized in the spacer and acceptor units, respectively. In nonpolar solvents, the excited state is quadrupolar and the excitation is localized on the π-D-π center. In medium polarity solvents, the excitation spreads over the entire molecule but is no longer symmetric. Finally, in the most polar solvents, the excitation localizes on a single D-π-A branch, contrary to the ADA analogue where symmetry breaking is only partial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- Université de Lille , CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Lille 59000, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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38
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Beckwith JS, Rosspeintner A, Licari G, Lunzer M, Holzer B, Fröhlich J, Vauthey E. Specific Monitoring of Excited-State Symmetry Breaking by Femtosecond Broadband Fluorescence Upconversion Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5878-5883. [PMID: 29144140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most quadrupolar molecules designed for large two-photon absorption cross section have been shown to undergo symmetry breaking upon excitation to the S1 state. This was originally deduced from their strong fluorescence solvatochromism and later visualized in real time using transient infrared spectroscopy. For molecules not containing clear IR marker modes, however, a specific real-time observation of the symmetry breaking process remains lacking. Here we show that this process can be resolved using broadband fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy by monitoring the instantaneous emission transition dipole moment. This approach is illustrated with measurements performed on two quadrupolar molecules, with only one of them undergoing excited-state symmetry breaking in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Beckwith
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Licari
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163OC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Holzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163OC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Fröhlich
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163OC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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39
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Krzeszewski M, Gryko D, Gryko DT. The Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles-From Serendipitous Discovery to Promising Heterocyclic Optoelectronic Materials. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2334-2345. [PMID: 28795799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progress in organic optoelectronics requires compounds possessing a suitable combination of photophysical and electronic properties. Another key constraint encompasses the availability of feasible, and hopefully scalable, synthetic procedures for preparing the molecular scaffolds of interest. A multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines, and butane-2,3-dione that was discovered in 2013 gives straightforward access to previously unavailable 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. These dyes are examples of heteropentalenes-a class of 10-π-electron aromatic compounds. The unsurpassed variety of aromatic aldehydes and primary aromatic amines, which are commercially available or easy to prepare, allows for potential routes to thousands of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles that are currently unknown. This synthetic procedure offers a means for preparing the pyrrolopyroles in gram quantities and isolating them by simple filtration. Typically, the construction of an aromatic core is merely the first phase in a long procedure toward multistep functionalization. Conversely, the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles leads to preinstalled substituents in frames with C2 symmetry, which "opens Sesame" to a wealth of structural possibilities. In addition, steric hindrance of the aldehyde components, rather than presenting a problem, is beneficial for increasing the yields of the products. This feature provides invaluable routes for the synthesis of a broad range of π-extended systems possessing the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core in just a few steps. Indeed, this approach has enabled the preparation of a large number of previously unknown ladder-type heteroacenes possessing additional rings based on carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, and nitrogen-nitrogen double bonds as well as nitrogen-boron single bonds. This set of chromophores includes planar and curved structures bearing up to 14 conjugated rings. 1,2,4,5-Tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles manifest broad absorption bands between about 300 and 450 nm, strong violet-blue or blue fluorescence with typical quantum yields of ∼60%, significant Stokes shifts ranging between 3000 and 5800 cm-1, and emission while in the solid state. Should the two peripheral aryl groups have an electron-deficient character, the two-photon absorption cross section also becomes pronounced, i.e., ∼400 GM. Perhaps the most important feature of these dyes is their strong solvatofluorochromism, which predestines their value as environment-sensitive probes. Extension of the π-conjugation of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles enables further modifications of their photophysical properties, such as shifting the emission bathochromically, increasing the Stokes shift beyond 10 000 cm-1, and attaining solvatofluorochromism for curved, butterfly-shaped analogues without a decrease in emission intensity when the solvent polarity is increased. Common features of these chromophores include a significant difference between the geometries of their relaxed ground and relaxed excited states as well as strong electronic coupling through their aromatic cores. Past and future intense exploration of the wide chemical space built around the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole skeleton offers unprecedented opportunities for comprehensive elucidation of how photoexcitation increases the electronic coupling through biaryl linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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