1
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Kang KJ, Choi MJ, Min TJ, You TM, Lee G, Ko SY, Jang YJ. Cell surface accumulation of intracellular leucine proline-enriched proteoglycan 1 enhances odontogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:684-695. [PMID: 35859453 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dental pulp cells can be differentiated into odontoblast-like cells, which are responsible for dentin formation and mineralization. Successful differentiation of primary dental pulp cells can be verified using a few markers. However, odontoblast-specific cell surface markers have not been fully studied yet. LEucine PRoline-Enriched Proteoglycan 1 (LEPRE1) is a basement membrane-associated proteoglycan. LEPRE1 protein levels are increased during odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Intracellular and cell surface accumulation of this protein completely disappeared during dentin maturation and mineralization. Cell surface binding of an anti-LEPRE1 monoclonal antibody that could recognize an extracellular region was gradually increased in the odontoblastic stage. Overexpression and knock-down experiments showed that accumulation of intracellular LEPRE1 could lead to inefficient odontoblastic differentiation and that the movement of LEPRE1 from intracellular region to the cell surface was required for odontoblastic differentiation. Indeed, when LEPRE1 already located on the cell surface was blocked by the anti-LEPRE1 monoclonal antibody, odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells was inhibited. In this study, we looked at other aspects of LEPRE1 function as a cell surface molecule rather than its known intracellular hydroxylase activity. Our results indicate that this protein has potential as a specific cell surface marker in odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jung Kang
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Min-Jeong Choi
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae-Jun Min
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae Min You
- Dankook University College of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Gyutae Lee
- Yonsei Wooil Dental Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Seon-Yle Ko
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Dept. Nanobiomedical Science, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of).,Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
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2
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Monnery BD. Polycation-Mediated Transfection: Mechanisms of Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4060-4083. [PMID: 34498457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyplex-mediated gene transfection is now in its' fourth decade of serious research, but the promise of polyplex-mediated gene therapy has yet to fully materialize. Only approximately one in a million applied plasmids actually expresses. A large part of this is due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanism of polyplex transfection. There is an assumption that internalization must follow a canonical mechanism of receptor mediated endocytosis. Herein, we present arguments that untargeted (and most targeted) polyplexes do not utilize these routes. By incorporating knowledge of syndecan-polyplex interactions, we can show that syndecans are the "target" for polyplexes. Further, it is known that free polycations (which disrupt cell-membranes by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipid esters) are necessary for (untargeted) endocytosis. This can be incorporated into the model to produce a novel mechanism of endocytosis, which fits the observed phenomenology. After membrane translocation, polyplex containing vesicles reach the endosome after diffusing through the actin mesh below the cell membrane. From there, they are acidified and trafficked toward the lysosome. Some polyplexes are capable of escaping the endosome and unpacking, while others are not. Herein, it is argued that for some polycations, as acidification proceeds the polyplexes excluding free polycations, which disrupt the endosomal membrane by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, allowing the polyplex to escape. The polyplex's internal charge ratio is now insufficient for stability and it releases plasmids which diffuse to the nucleus. A small proportion of these plasmids diffuse through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), with aggregation being the major cause of loss. Those plasmids that have diffused through the NPC will also aggregate, and this appears to be the reason such a small proportion of nuclear plasmids express mRNA. Thus, the structural features which promote unpacking in the endosome and allow for endosomal escape can be determined, and better polycations can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Monnery
- Department of Organic and (Bio)Polymer Chemistry, Hasselt University, Building F, Agoralaan 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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3
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Silva JC, Han X, Silva TP, Xia K, Mikael PE, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycan remodeling during chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-/synovial-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells under normoxia and hypoxia. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:345-360. [PMID: 32086666 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), which play an important role in tissue homeostasis not only by providing mechanical load resistance, but also as signaling mediators of key cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Specific GAG types as well as their disaccharide sulfation patterns can be predictive of the tissue maturation level but also of disease states such as osteoarthritis. In this work, we used a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to perform a comparative study in terms of temporal changes in GAG and disaccharide composition between tissues generated from human bone marrow- and synovial-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSC/hSMSC) after chondrogenic differentiation under normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) micromass cultures. The chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSC/hSMSC cultured under different oxygen tensions was assessed through aggregate size measurement, chondrogenic gene expression analysis and histological/immunofluorescence staining in comparison to human chondrocytes. For all the studied conditions, the compositional analysis demonstrated a notable increase in the average relative percentage of chondroitin sulfate (CS), the main GAG in cartilage composition, throughout MSC chondrogenic differentiation. Additionally, hypoxic culture conditions resulted in significantly different average GAG and CS disaccharide percentage compositions compared to the normoxic ones. However, such effect was considerably more evident for hBMSC-derived chondrogenic aggregates. In summary, the GAG profiles described here may provide new insights for the prediction of cartilage tissue differentiation/disease states and to characterize the quality of MSC-generated chondrocytes obtained under different oxygen tension culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Paiyz E Mikael
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA.
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4
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Silva JC, Moura CS, Borrecho G, Alves de Matos AP, Cabral JMS, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Effects of glycosaminoglycan supplementation in the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow- and synovial- derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on 3D-extruded poly (ε-caprolactone) scaffolds. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1706511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João C. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Carla S. Moura
- CDRSP – Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Borrecho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Wathiong B, Deville S, Jacobs A, Smisdom N, Gervois P, Lambrichts I, Ameloot M, Hooyberghs J, Nelissen I. Role of nanoparticle size and sialic acids in the distinct time-evolution profiles of nanoparticle uptake in hematopoietic progenitor cells and monocytes. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:62. [PMID: 31084605 PMCID: PMC6513515 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) are important for cell therapy in cancer and tissue regeneration. In vitro studies have shown a transient association of 40 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) with these cells, which is of interest for intelligent design and application of NPs in HPC-based regenerative protocols. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of nanoparticles’ size and membrane-attached glycan molecules in the interaction of HPCs with PS NPs, and compared it with monocytes. Human cord blood-derived HPCs and THP-1 cells were exposed to fluorescently labelled, carboxylated PS NPs of 40, 100 and 200 nm. Time-dependent nanoparticle membrane association and/or uptake was observed by measuring fluorescence intensity of exposed cells at short time intervals using flow cytometry. By pretreating the cells with neuraminidase, we studied the possible effect of membrane-associated sialic acids in the interaction with NPs. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the cell-specific character of the NP association. Results Confocal images revealed that the majority of PS NPs was initially observed to be retained at the outer membrane of HPCs, while the same NPs showed immediate internalization by THP-1 monocytic cells. After prolonged exposure up to 4 h, PS NPs were also observed to enter the HPCs’ intracellular compartment. Cell-specific time courses of NP association with HPCs and THP-1 cells remained persistent after cells were enzymatically treated with neuraminidase, but significantly increased levels of NP association could be observed, suggesting a role for membrane-associated sialic acids in this process. Conclusions We conclude that the terminal membrane-associated sialic acids contribute to the NP retention at the outer cell membrane of HPCs. This retention behavior is a unique characteristic of the HPCs and is independent of NP size. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0495-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Wathiong
- Health Department, Flemish Institute For Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Deville
- Health Department, Flemish Institute For Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - An Jacobs
- Health Department, Flemish Institute For Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Nick Smisdom
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building C, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jef Hooyberghs
- Health Department, Flemish Institute For Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.,Theoretical Physics, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Department, Flemish Institute For Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
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6
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Compositional and structural analysis of glycosaminoglycans in cell-derived extracellular matrices. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:141-154. [PMID: 30637588 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic and complex meshwork of proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and organization not only by defining tissue architecture and mechanical properties, but also by providing chemical cues that regulate major biological processes. GAGs are associated with important physiological functions, acting as modulators of signaling pathways regulating several cellular processes such as cell growth and differentiation. Recently, in vitro fabricated cell-derived ECM have emerged as promising materials for regenerative medicine due to their ability of better recapitulate the native ECM-like composition and structure, without the limitations of availability and pathogen transfer risks of tissue-derived ECM scaffolds. However, little is known about the molecular and more specifically, GAG composition of these cell-derived ECM. In this study, three different cell-derived ECM were produced in vitro and characterized in terms of their GAG content, composition and sulfation patterns using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Distinct GAG compositions and disaccharide sulfation patterns were verified for the different cell-derived ECM. Additionally, the effect of decellularization method on the GAG and disaccharide relative composition was also assessed. In summary, the method presented here offers a novel approach to determine the GAG composition of cell-derived ECM, which we believe is critical for a better understanding of ECM role in directing cellular responses and has the potential for generating important knowledge to use in the development of novel ECM-like biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
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7
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Novoa-Carballal R, Carretero A, Pacheco R, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Star-Like Glycosaminoglycans with Superior Bioactivity Assemble with Proteins into Microfibers. Chemistry 2018; 24:14341-14345. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of, Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave. Park; 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Agatha Carretero
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of, Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave. Park; 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Raul Pacheco
- Malvern/Micrcal Products; Enigma Business Park; Grovewood Road Malvern WR141XZ UK
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of, Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave. Park; 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine; Headquarters at University of Minho, Ave. Park; 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of, Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Ave. Park; 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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8
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Kang H, Wu Q, Sun A, Liu X, Fan Y, Deng X. Cancer Cell Glycocalyx and Its Significance in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092484. [PMID: 30135409 PMCID: PMC6163906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a malignant tumor that threatens the health of human beings, and has become the leading cause of death in urban and rural residents in China. The glycocalyx is a layer of multifunctional glycans that covers the surfaces of a variety of cells, including vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, stem cells, epithelial, osteocytes, as well as cancer cells. The glycosylation and syndecan of cancer cell glycocalyx are unique. However, heparan sulfate (HS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and syndecan are all closely associated with the processes of cancer progression, including cell migration and metastasis, tumor cell adhesion, tumorigenesis, and tumor growth. The possible underlying mechanisms may be the interruption of its barrier function, its radical role in growth factor storage, signaling, and mechanotransduction. In the later sections, we discuss glycocalyx targeting therapeutic approaches reported in animal and clinical experiments. The study concludes that cancer cells’ glycocalyx and its role in cancer progression are beginning to be known by more groups, and future studies should pay more attention to its mechanotransduction of interstitial flow-induced shear stress, seeking promising therapeutic targets with less toxicity but more specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.
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9
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Zhang N, Ma L, Liu X, Jiang X, Yu Z, Zhao D, Zhang L, Zhang C, Huang F. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of xenogeneic bone putty with the carrier of hydrogel derived from demineralized bone matrix. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:591-601. [PMID: 29974309 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The demineralized bone matrix (DBM) putty is a traditional bone graft utilized to facilitate the repair and reconstruction of bone. Recent studies indicated the DBM putties with the various carriers were different in bone repairing ability. In order to prepare a kind of DBM putty with a good biocompatibility and bioactivity, the DBM gel was processed from the DBM and the feasibility as a carrier for the DBM putty was evaluated. After the bovine DBM gel was prepared, the BMPs content as well as the ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro were investigated. Then the DBM putty was prepared and filled into the rat calvarial defect model to evaluate the bone repairing ability by micro-CT and histology. The result showed there was 2.953 ± 0.054 ng BMP contained in per gram of the DBM gel. And the ALP production of MC3T3-E1 cells in the DBM gels group increased with prolonged culturing, the mineralized nodules formed in MC3T3-E1 cells on 14th day after co-culture. The putty prepared by DBM gel was easy to handle without loss of DBM particles at room temperature. In the rat calvarial bone defect experiment, histological observation showed more mature bone formed in the DBM putty group than that in the type I collagen group at 12 weeks, which indicated the bone putty prepared by DBM gel exhibited a better bone repair capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naili Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorui Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Luping Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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10
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Deciphering the mode of action, structural and biochemical analysis of heparinase II/III (PsPL12a) a new member of family 12 polysaccharide lyase from Pseudopedobacter saltans. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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11
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Yu C, Griffiths LR, Haupt LM. Exploiting Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Human Neurogenesis-Controlling Lineage Specification and Fate. Front Integr Neurosci 2017; 11:28. [PMID: 29089873 PMCID: PMC5650988 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Unspecialized, self-renewing stem cells have extraordinary application to regenerative medicine due to their multilineage differentiation potential. Stem cell therapies through replenishing damaged or lost cells in the injured area is an attractive treatment of brain trauma and neurodegenerative neurological disorders. Several stem cell types have neurogenic potential including neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Currently, effective use of these cells is limited by our lack of understanding and ability to direct lineage commitment and differentiation of neural lineages. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are ubiquitous proteins within the stem cell microenvironment or niche and are found localized on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM), where they interact with numerous signaling molecules. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains carried by HSPGs are heterogeneous carbohydrates comprised of repeating disaccharides with specific sulfation patterns that govern ligand interactions to numerous factors including the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnts). As such, HSPGs are plausible targets for guiding and controlling neural stem cell lineage fate. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPG family members syndecans and glypicans, and perlecan and their role in neurogenesis. We summarize the structural changes and subsequent functional implications of heparan sulfate as cells undergo neural lineage differentiation as well as outline the role of HSPG core protein expression throughout mammalian neural development and their function as cell receptors and co-receptors. Finally, we highlight suitable biomimetic approaches for exploiting the role of HSPGs in mammalian neurogenesis to control and tailor cell differentiation into specific lineages. An improved ability to control stem cell specific neural lineage fate and produce abundant cells of lineage specificity will further advance stem cell therapy for the development of improved repair of neurological disorders. We propose a deeper understanding of HSPG-mediated neurogenesis can potentially provide novel therapeutic targets of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh Yu
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Pauly HM, Place LW, Haut Donahue TL, Kipper MJ. Mechanical Properties and Cell Compatibility of Agarose Hydrogels Containing Proteoglycan Mimetic Graft Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2220-2229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Pauly
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado United States
| | - Laura W. Place
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado United States
| | - Tammy L. Haut Donahue
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado United States
| | - Matt J. Kipper
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, and ⊥Department of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado United States
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13
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Abstract
Cells are covered by a surface layer of glycans that is referred to as the 'glycocalyx'. In this review, we focus on the role of the glycocalyx in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis, stroke, hypertension, kidney disease and sepsis) and cancer. The glycocalyx and its principal glycosaminoglycans [heparan sulphate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA)] and core proteins (syndecans and glypicans) are degraded in vascular diseases, leading to a breakdown of the vascular permeability barrier, enhanced access of leucocytes to the arterial intima that propagate inflammation and alteration of endothelial mechanotransduction mechanisms that protect against disease. By contrast, the glycocalyx on cancer cells is generally robust, promoting integrin clustering and growth factor signalling, and mechanotransduction of interstitial flow shear stress that is elevated in tumours to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase release which enhances cell motility and metastasis. HS and HA are consistently elevated on cancer cells and are associated with tumour growth and metastasis. Later, we will review the agents that might be used to enhance or protect the glycocalyx to combat vascular disease, as well as a different set of compounds that can degrade the cancer cell glycocalyx to suppress cell growth and metastasis. It is clear that what is beneficial for either vascular disease or cancer will not be so for the other. The overarching conclusions are that (i) the importance of the glycocalyx in human medicine is only beginning to be recognized, and (ii) more detailed studies of glycocalyx involvement in vascular diseases and cancer will lead to novel treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - L M Cancel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Lucendo-Villarin B, Rashidi H, Cameron K, Hay DC. Pluripotent stem cell derived hepatocytes: using materials to define cellular differentiation and tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3433-3442. [PMID: 27746914 PMCID: PMC5024673 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell derived liver cells (hepatocytes) represent a promising alternative to primary tissue for biological and clinical applications. To date, most hepatocyte maintenance and differentiation systems have relied upon the use of animal derived components. This serves as a significant barrier to large scale production and application of stem cell derived hepatocytes. Recently, the use of defined biologics has overcome those limitations in two-dimensional monolayer culture. In order to improve the cell phenotype further, three-dimensional culture systems have been employed to better mimic the in vivo situation, drawing upon materials chemistry, engineering and biology. In this review we discuss efforts in the field, to differentiate pluripotent stem cells towards hepatocytes under defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucendo-Villarin
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
| | - H Rashidi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
| | - K Cameron
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
| | - D C Hay
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine , University of Edinburgh , 5 Little France Drive , Edinburgh , EH16 4UU , Scotland , UK . ; Tel: +44(0)1316519500
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15
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Li G, Li L, Tian F, Zhang L, Xue C, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycanomics of cultured cells using a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1303-10. [PMID: 25680304 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, are responsible for a wide array of biological functions. Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. Moreover, 10(5)-10(7) cells are usually required for compositional analysis. We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. Commonly studied cell lines were selected based on phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs. These cells were lysed using a commercial surfactant reagent, sonicated, and digested with polysaccharide lyases. The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. Structure-function relationships are explored using these data, suggesting the utility of this method in cellular glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary
Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary
Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Wadsworth Center, New York State, Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Fang Tian
- American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Linxia Zhang
- Biomedical
Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Biomedical
Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Biology,
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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16
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Place LW, Kelly SM, Kipper MJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Proteoglycan-Mimetic Graft Copolymers with Tunable Glycosaminoglycan Density. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3772-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Place
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Sean M. Kelly
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Matt J. Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of
Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Colorado State University, 1370 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Nemeth CL, Janebodin K, Yuan AE, Dennis JE, Reyes M, Kim DH. Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells using nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2817-29. [PMID: 24749806 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the effects of surface nanotopography and hyaluronic acid (HA) on in vitro chondrogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Ultraviolet-assisted capillary force lithography was employed to fabricate well-defined nanostructured scaffolds of composite PEG-GelMA-HA hydrogels that consist of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), and HA. Using this microengineered platform, we first demonstrated that DPSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids, which provide an appropriate environment for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation. We also found that DPSCs cultured on nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds showed a significant upregulation of the chondrogenic gene markers (Sox9, Alkaline phosphatase, Aggrecan, Procollagen type II, and Procollagen type X), while downregulating the pluripotent stem cell gene, Nanog, and epithelial-mesenchymal genes (Twist, Snail, Slug) compared with tissue culture polystyrene-cultured DPSCs. Immunocytochemistry showed more extensive deposition of collagen type II in DPSCs cultured on the nanopatterned PEG-GelMA-HA scaffolds. These findings suggest that nanotopography and HA provide important cues for promoting chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Nemeth
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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18
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Changes in glycosaminoglycan structure on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells towards mesoderm and endoderm lineages. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1993-2003. [PMID: 24412195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteoglycans are found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, and serve as prime sites for interaction with signaling molecules. Proteoglycans help regulate pathways that control stem cell fate, and therefore represent an excellent tool to manipulate these pathways. Despite their importance, there is a dearth of data linking glycosaminoglycan structure within proteoglycans with stem cell differentiation. METHODS Human embryonic stem cell line WA09 (H9) was differentiated into early mesoderm and endoderm lineages, and the glycosaminoglycanomic changes accompanying these transitions were studied using transcript analysis, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and disaccharide analysis. RESULTS Pluripotent H9 cell lumican had no glycosaminoglycan chains whereas in splanchnic mesoderm lumican was glycosaminoglycanated. H9 cells have primarily non-sulfated heparan sulfate chains. On differentiation towards splanchnic mesoderm and hepatic lineages N-sulfo group content increases. Differences in transcript expression of NDST1, HS6ST2 and HS6ST3, three heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes, within splanchnic mesoderm cells compared to H9 cells correlate to changes in glycosaminoglycan structure. CONCLUSIONS Differentiation of embryonic stem cells markedly changes the proteoglycanome. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic pathway is complex and highly regulated, and therefore, understanding the details of this pathway should enable better control with the aim of directing stem cell differentiation.
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Lambshead JW, Meagher L, O'Brien C, Laslett AL. Defining synthetic surfaces for human pluripotent stem cell culture. CELL REGENERATION 2013; 2:7. [PMID: 25408879 PMCID: PMC4230363 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9769-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are able to self-renew indefinitely and to differentiate into all adult cell types. hPSCs therefore show potential for application to drug screening, disease modelling and cellular therapies. In order to meet this potential, culture conditions must be developed that are consistent, defined, scalable, free of animal products and that facilitate stable self-renewal of hPSCs. Several culture surfaces have recently been reported to meet many of these criteria although none of them have been widely implemented by the stem cell community due to issues with validation, reliability and expense. Most hPSC culture surfaces have been derived from extracellular matrix proteins (ECMPs) and their cell adhesion molecule (CAM) binding motifs. Elucidating the CAM-mediated cell-surface interactions that are essential for the in vitro maintenance of pluripotency will facilitate the optimisation of hPSC culture surfaces. Reports indicate that hPSC cultures can be supported by cell-surface interactions through certain CAM subtypes but not by others. This review summarises the recent reports of defined surfaces for hPSC culture and focuses on the CAMs and ECMPs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Lambshead
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia ; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Kragujevac, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Carmel O'Brien
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia ; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Kragujevac, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia ; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Kragujevac, Victoria 3800 Australia ; Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3101 Australia
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20
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Geuss LR, Suggs LJ. Making cardiomyocytes: How mechanical stimulation can influence differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1089-96. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Geuss
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX 78712
| | - Laura J. Suggs
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX 78712
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