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Saluan QN, Bauer GR, Vyas H, Mohi A, Durham EL, Cray JJ. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors affect craniofacial structures in a mouse model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307134. [PMID: 39024220 PMCID: PMC11257335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI) widely used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, fibromyalgia, and migraine are among the most heavily prescribed drug class in the United States (US). Along with an overall rise in SSRI use, these medications are increasingly used by pregnant individuals and recent preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that SSRIs may increase the prevalence of congenital abnormalities and birth defects of the craniofacial region. Our group has developed pre-clinical models of study, including those that mimic the clinical use of SSRI in mice. Here we designed a study to interrogate a commonly prescribed SSRI drug, Citalopram, for its effects on craniofacial and dental development when introduced in utero. Pre-natal exposure to a clinically relevant dose of citalopram resulted in changes in craniofacial form identified by an increase in endocast volume in SSRI exposed postnatal day 15 mouse pups. More specifically, cranial length and synchondrosis length increased in SSRI exposed pups as compared to control pups of the same age. Additionally, growth center (synchondrosis) height and width and palate length and width decreased in SSRI exposed pups as compared to control un-exposed pups. Effects of SSRI on the molars was minimal. Craniofacial growth and development continue to be an area of interest in the investigation of in utero pharmaceutical drug exposure. Altogether these data indicate that prenatal SSRI exposure affects craniofacial form in multiple tissues and specifically at growth sites and centers of the skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn N. Saluan
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - George R. Bauer
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Heema Vyas
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Amr Mohi
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Emily L. Durham
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - James J. Cray
- The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Fagbenro OS, Alimba CG, Bakare AA. Developmental and heritable genetic defects induced in mice by municipal landfill leachate. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142838. [PMID: 39002650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by solid waste leachate is a serious environmental and public health concern. Leachate contamination and pollution of environmental matrices have been reported, but no report of embryotoxic and developmental defects, and heritable transfer of leachate-induced toxicity in mice. We investigated the ability of Aba-Eku landfill leachate to induce embryonic malformations, developmental toxicity, and germline and somatic DNA damage in the F1 of exposed pregnant mice. Pregnant mice (n = 100) were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups of 20 animals/group and exposed to 0.2 mL of 5-75% concentrations of the leachate (v/v; Aba-Eku landfill leachate: distilled water) by daily gavage from gestational day (GD) zero to postnatal day (PND) 21. A similar treatment was given to pregnant female mice administered with distilled water (negative control). At GD 18, ten dams from the treatment and control groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after which the embryos were collected from the uterus for analyses of fetal morphometric and skeletal metamers respectively. We then monitored the developmental conditions of F1 mice from the remaining ten dams until they were weaned at PND 21 and sacrificed at PND 56 and PND 98 for bone marrow micronucleus and spermiogram analyses respectively. We also analyzed the leachate for inorganic and organic pollutants and calculated the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). The leachate reduced maternal and fetal birth weight and increased fetal mortality and postnatal appearance of physiological markers in the F1 mice. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the frequency of fetal skeletal malformations, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, and apparent decline of epididymal sperm parameters. The concentrations of the inorganic and organic pollutants, and the LPI exceeded standard limits. Exposure of pregnant female mice to Aba-Eku landfill leachate caused embryonic defects and heritable DNA damage in subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukunle S Fagbenro
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Chibuisi G Alimba
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University of Dortmund, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adekunle A Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Domingues RR, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL. Maternal serotonin: implications for the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during gestation†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:17-28. [PMID: 37098165 PMCID: PMC10344603 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal use of antidepressants has increased throughout the last decades; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the most prescribed antidepressants. Despite the widespread use of SSRI by women during reproductive age and pregnant women, an increasing amount of research warns of possible detrimental effects of maternal use of SSRI during pregnancy including low birthweight/small for gestational age and preterm birth. In this review, we revisited the impact of maternal use of SSRI during pregnancy, its impact on serotonin homeostasis in the maternal and fetal circulation and the placenta, and its impact on pregnancy outcomes-particularly intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Maternal use of SSRI increases maternal and fetal serotonin. The increase in maternal circulating serotonin and serotonin signaling likely promotes vasoconstriction of the uterine and placental vascular beds decreasing blood perfusion to the uterus and consequently to the placenta and fetus with potential impact on placental function and fetal development. Several adverse pregnancy outcomes are similar between women, sheep, and rodents (decreased placental size, decreased birthweight, shorter gestation length/preterm birth, neonatal morbidity, and mortality) highlighting the importance of animal studies to assess the impacts of SSRI. Herein, we address the complex interactions between maternal SSRI use during gestation, circulating serotonin, and the regulation of blood perfusion to the uterus and fetoplacental unit, fetal growth, and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Braillon A, Bewley S, Blumsohn A, Naudet F. Comment on: "Should Antidepressants be Avoided in Pregnancy?". Drug Saf 2023; 46:615-616. [PMID: 37103644 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-023-01308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Bewley
- Obstetrics and Women's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Florian Naudet
- Therapeutics, Adult Psychiatry Department and Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM 1414), University Hospital, Rennes, France
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Domingues RR, Fricke HP, Sheftel CM, Bell AM, Sartori LC, Manuel RSJ, Krajco CJ, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL. Effect of Low and High Doses of Two Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Pregnancy Outcomes and Neonatal Mortality. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010011. [PMID: 35051053 PMCID: PMC8780128 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the most common antidepressant used by pregnant women; however, they have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and perinatal morbidity in pregnant women and animal models. We investigated the effects of two SSRI, fluoxetine and sertraline, on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in mice. Wild-type mice were treated daily with low and high doses of fluoxetine (2 and 20 mg/kg) and sertraline (10 and 20 mg/kg) from the day of detection of a vaginal plug until the end of lactation (21 days postpartum). Pregnancy rate was decreased only in the high dose of fluoxetine group. Maternal weight gain was reduced in the groups receiving the high dose of each drug. Number of pups born was decreased in the high dose of fluoxetine and low and high doses of sertraline while the number of pups weaned was decreased in all SSRI-treated groups corresponding to increased neonatal mortality in all SSRI-treated groups. In conclusion, there was a dose-dependent effect of SSRI on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in a non-depressed mouse model. However, the distinct placental transfer of each drug suggests that the effects of SSRI on pup mortality may be mediated by SSRI-induced placental insufficiency rather than a direct toxic effect on neonatal development and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hannah P. Fricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Celeste M. Sheftel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Autumn M. Bell
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Luma C. Sartori
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Robbie S. J. Manuel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Chandler J. Krajco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Milo C. Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Laura L. Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence:
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Sánchez N, Juárez-Balarezo J, Olhaberry M, González-Oneto H, Muzard A, Mardonez MJ, Franco P, Barrera F, Gaete M. Depression and Antidepressants During Pregnancy: Craniofacial Defects Due to Stem/Progenitor Cell Deregulation Mediated by Serotonin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632766. [PMID: 34476233 PMCID: PMC8406697 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and debilitating mood disorder that increases in prevalence during pregnancy. Worldwide, 7 to 12% of pregnant women experience depression, in which the associated risk factors include socio-demographic, psychological, and socioeconomic variables. Maternal depression could have psychological, anatomical, and physiological consequences in the newborn. Depression has been related to a downregulation in serotonin levels in the brain. Accordingly, the most commonly prescribed pharmacotherapy is based on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which increase local serotonin concentration. Even though the use of SSRIs has few adverse effects compared with other antidepressants, altering serotonin levels has been associated with the advent of anatomical and physiological changes in utero, leading to defects in craniofacial development, including craniosynostosis, cleft palate, and dental defects. Migration and proliferation of neural crest cells, which contribute to the formation of bone, cartilage, palate, teeth, and salivary glands in the craniofacial region, are regulated by serotonin. Specifically, craniofacial progenitor cells are affected by serotonin levels, producing a misbalance between their proliferation and differentiation. Thus, it is possible to hypothesize that craniofacial development will be affected by the changes in serotonin levels, happening during maternal depression or after the use of SSRIs, which cross the placental barrier, increasing the risk of craniofacial defects. In this review, we provide a synthesis of the current research on depression and the use of SSRI during pregnancy, and how this could be related to craniofacial defects using an interdisciplinary perspective integrating psychological, clinical, and developmental biology perspectives. We discuss the mechanisms by which serotonin could influence craniofacial development and stem/progenitor cells, proposing some transcription factors as mediators of serotonin signaling, and craniofacial stem/progenitor cell biology. We finally highlight the importance of non-pharmacological therapies for depression on fertile and pregnant women, and provide an individual analysis of the risk-benefit balance for the use of antidepressants during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jesús Juárez-Balarezo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Olhaberry
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto González-Oneto
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonia Muzard
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Jesús Mardonez
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Franco
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Barrera
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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