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Hine BC, Acton GA, Elks DJ, Niemeyer DDO, Bell AM, Colditz IG, Ingham AB, Smith JL. Targeting improved resilience in Merino sheep - Correlations between immune competence and health and fitness traits. Animal 2022; 16:100544. [PMID: 35777298 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience can be defined as the ability of an animal to remain productive in the face of diverse environmental challenges. Several factors contribute to an animal's resilience including its ability to resist disease, cope with climatic extremes and respond to stressors. Immune competence, a proxy trait for general disease resistance, is expected to contribute to an animal's resilience. This research aimed to develop a practical method to assess immune competence in Merino sheep which would not restrict the future sale of tested animals, and to estimate genetic parameters associated with the novel trait. We also aimed to explore associations between immune competence and other industry-relevant disease resistance and fitness-related traits and to assess the ability of immune competence phenotypes to predict health outcomes. Here, the ability of Merino wethers (n = 1 339) to mount both an antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune response was used to define their immune competence phenotype. For that purpose, antigens in a commercial vaccine were administered at the commencement of weaning and their responses were assessed. Univariate sire models were used to estimate variance components and heritabilities for immune competence and its component traits. Bivariate sire models were used to estimate genetic correlations between immune competence and a range of disease resistance and fitness-related traits. The heritability of immune competence and its component traits, antibody-mediated immune response and cell-mediated immune response were estimated at 0.49 ± 0.14, 0.52 ± 0.14 and 0.36 ± 0.11, respectively. Immune competence was favourably genetically correlated with breech flystrike incidence (-0.44 ± 0.39), worm egg count (-0.19 ± 0.23), dag score (-0.26 ± 0.31) and fitness compromise (-0.35 ± 0.24) but not fleece rot (0.17 ± 0.23). Results suggest that selection for immune competence has the potential to improve the resilience of Merino sheep; however, due to the large standard errors associated with correlation estimates reported here, further studies will be required in larger populations to validate associations between immune competence and disease resistance and fitness traits in Australian Merino sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Hine
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Chiswick, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - G A Acton
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Chiswick, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - D J Elks
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Chiswick, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - D D O Niemeyer
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Chiswick, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - A M Bell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Chiswick, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - I G Colditz
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Chiswick, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - A B Ingham
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - J L Smith
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, F.D. McMaster Laboratory, Chiswick, New England Highway, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
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Sheftel CM, Sartori LC, Hunt ER, Manuel RSJ, Bell AM, Domingues RR, Wake LA, Scharpf BR, Vezina CM, Charles JF, Hernandez LL. Peripartal treatment with low-dose sertraline accelerates mammary gland involution and has minimal effects on maternal and offspring bone. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15204. [PMID: 35234346 PMCID: PMC8889862 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Women mobilize up to 10% of their bone mass during lactation to provide milk calcium. About 8%–13% of mothers use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) to treat peripartum depression, but SSRIs independently decrease bone mass. Previously, peripartal use of the SSRI fluoxetine reduced maternal bone mass sustained post‐weaning and reduced offspring bone length. To determine whether these effects were fluoxetine‐specific or consistent across SSRI compounds, we examined maternal and offspring bone health using the most prescribed SSRI, sertraline. C57BL/6 mice were given 10 mg/kg/day sertraline, from the beginning of pregnancy through the end of lactation. Simultaneously, we treated nulliparous females on the same days as the primiparous groups, resulting in age‐matched nulliparous groups. Dams were euthanized at lactation day 10 (peak lactation, n = 7 vehicle; n = 9 sertraline), lactation day 21 (weaning, n = 9 vehicle; n = 9 sertraline), or 3m post‐weaning (n = 10 vehicle; n = 10 sertraline) for analysis. Offspring were euthanized at peak lactation or weaning for analysis. We determined that peripartum sertraline treatment decreased maternal circulating calcium concentrations across the treatment period, which was also seen in nulliparous treated females. Sertraline reduced the bone formation marker, procollagen 1 intact N‐terminal propeptide, and tended to reduce maternal BV/TV at 3m post‐weaning but did not impact maternal or offspring bone health otherwise. Similarly, sertraline did not reduce nulliparous female bone mass. However, sertraline reduced immunofluorescence staining of the tight junction protein, zona occludens in the mammary gland, and altered alveoli morphology, suggesting sertraline may accelerate mammary gland involution. These findings indicate that peripartum sertraline treatment may be a safer SSRI for maternal and offspring bone rather than fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Sheftel
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Luma C Sartori
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emily R Hunt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robbie S J Manuel
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Autumn M Bell
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lella A Wake
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brandon R Scharpf
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Domingues RR, Fricke HP, Sheftel CM, Bell AM, Sartori LC, Manuel RSJ, Krajco CJ, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL. Effect of Low and High Doses of Two Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Pregnancy Outcomes and Neonatal Mortality. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10010011. [PMID: 35051053 PMCID: PMC8780128 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the most common antidepressant used by pregnant women; however, they have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and perinatal morbidity in pregnant women and animal models. We investigated the effects of two SSRI, fluoxetine and sertraline, on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in mice. Wild-type mice were treated daily with low and high doses of fluoxetine (2 and 20 mg/kg) and sertraline (10 and 20 mg/kg) from the day of detection of a vaginal plug until the end of lactation (21 days postpartum). Pregnancy rate was decreased only in the high dose of fluoxetine group. Maternal weight gain was reduced in the groups receiving the high dose of each drug. Number of pups born was decreased in the high dose of fluoxetine and low and high doses of sertraline while the number of pups weaned was decreased in all SSRI-treated groups corresponding to increased neonatal mortality in all SSRI-treated groups. In conclusion, there was a dose-dependent effect of SSRI on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in a non-depressed mouse model. However, the distinct placental transfer of each drug suggests that the effects of SSRI on pup mortality may be mediated by SSRI-induced placental insufficiency rather than a direct toxic effect on neonatal development and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hannah P. Fricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Celeste M. Sheftel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Autumn M. Bell
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Luma C. Sartori
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Robbie S. J. Manuel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Chandler J. Krajco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
| | - Milo C. Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Laura L. Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.R.D.); (H.P.F.); (C.M.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.C.S.); (R.S.J.M.); (C.J.K.); (M.C.W.)
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence:
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bell
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital, Nottingham
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Pearish S, Hostert L, Bell AM. A standardized method for quantifying consistent individual differences in schooling behaviour. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:443-450. [PMID: 27766651 PMCID: PMC5493478 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for quantifying consistent individual differences in schooling behaviour is presented. This method, which utilizes a school of models, improves on previous methods by removing the unwanted variation that is introduced by live stimulus fish while still providing the physiological experience of schooling to the focal fish. Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus observed in the model school assay exhibited consistent individual differences in schooling behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pearish
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61821, U.S.A
- College of Science and Math, Norwich University, 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT 05663, U.S.A
| | - L Hostert
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61821, U.S.A
| | - A M Bell
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61821, U.S.A
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Bell AM, Dingemanse NJ, Hankison SJ, Langenhof MBW, Rollins K. Early exposure to nonlethal predation risk by size-selective predators increases somatic growth and decreases size at adulthood in three-spined sticklebacks. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:943-53. [PMID: 21375647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Predation has an important influence on life history traits in many organisms, especially when they are young. When cues of trout were present, juvenile sticklebacks grew faster. The increase in body size as a result of exposure to cues of predators was adaptive because larger individuals were more likely to survive predation. However, sticklebacks that had been exposed to cues of predators were smaller at adulthood. This result is consistent with some life history theory. However, these results prompt an alternative hypothesis, which is that the decreased size at adulthood reflects a deferred cost of early rapid growth. Compared to males, females were more likely to survive predation, but female size at adulthood was more affected by cues of predators than male size at adulthood, suggesting that size at adulthood might be more important to male fitness than to female fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bell
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Abstract
We report a case of severe citrate toxicity during volunteer donor apheresis platelet collection. The donor was a 40-year-old female, first-time apheresis platelet donor. Past medical history was remarkable for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and depression. Reported medications included bumetanide, pravastatin, and paroxetine. Thirty minutes from the start of the procedure, the donor noted tingling around the mouth, hands, and feet. She then very rapidly developed acute onset of severe facial and extremity tetany. Empirical treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate was initiated, and muscle contractions slowly subsided over approximately 10 to 15 minutes. The events are consistent with a severe reaction to calcium chelation by sodium citrate anticoagulant resulting in symptomatic systemic hypocalcemia. Upon additional retrospective analysis, it was noted that bumetanide is a loop diuretic that may cause significant hypocalcemia. We conclude that careful screening for medications and underlying conditions predisposing to hypocalcemia is recommended to help prevent severe reactions due to citrate toxicity. Laboratory measurement of pre-procedure serum calcium levels in selected donors may identify cases requiring heightened vigilance. The case also illustrates the importance of maintaining preparedness for managing rare but serious reactions in volunteer apheresis blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bell
- DeGowin Blood Center, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Abstract
Behavioural syndromes are correlations between behaviours in different functional contexts. Behavioural syndromes are attracting the attention of evolutionary biologists because they mean that different behaviours might not be free to evolve independently of one another. In a landmark study, Huntingford (1976) showed that individual stickleback which were bold toward predators were also aggressive toward conspecifics and active in an unfamiliar environment. Here, I revisited the activity-aggression-boldness syndrome in stickleback and tested the hypothesis that correlations between behaviours might act as evolutionary constraints. I measured a suite of behaviours on wild-caught individuals and their offspring from two different populations and calculated heritabilities and genetic correlations between the different behaviours. I found that these behaviours were phenotypically and genetically correlated in one population but not another. On average, boldness and aggression were negatively related to each other across the populations. These results suggest that behavioural syndromes don't always act as evolutionary constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bell
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Battle PD, Bell AM, Blundell SJ, Coldea AI, Cussen EJ, Hardy GC, Marshall IM, Rosseinsky MJ, Steer CA. Chemically induced magnetism and magnetoresistance in La(0.8)Sr(1.2)Mn(0.6)Rh(0.4)O(4). J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7610-5. [PMID: 11480982 DOI: 10.1021/ja010958+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is shown by magnetometry and microSR spectroscopy that short-range magnetic interactions between the Mn cations in the nonmetallic K(2)NiF(4)-like phase La(0.8)Sr(1.2)Mn(0.6)Rh(0.4)O(4) become significant below approximately 200 K. Negative magnetoresistance (rho/rho(0) approximately 0.5 in 14 T at 108 K) is apparent below this temperature. Neutron diffraction has shown that an applied magnetic field of 5 T is sufficient to induce saturated (3.38(7)mu(B) per Mn) long-range ferromagnetic ordering of the atomic moments at 2 K, and that the induced ordering persists up to a temperature of 50 K in 5 T. Spin glass behavior is observed below 20 K in the absence of an applied field. The induced magnetic ordering is attributed to the subtle changes in band structure brought about by the external field, and to the controlling influence of Rh(3+) over the relative strength of competing magnetic exchange interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Battle
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
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Robertson NG, Heller S, Lin JS, Resendes BL, Weremowicz S, Denis CS, Bell AM, Hudspeth AJ, Morton CC. A novel conserved cochlear gene, OTOR: identification, expression analysis, and chromosomal mapping. Genomics 2000; 66:242-8. [PMID: 10873378 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a novel cochlear gene, designated OTOR, from a comparative sequence analysis of over 4000 clones from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library. Northern blot analysis of human and chicken organs shows strong OTOR expression only in the cochlea; very low levels are detected in the chicken eye and spinal cord. Otor and Col2A1 are coexpressed in the cartilaginous plates of the neural and abneural limbs of the chicken cochlea, structures analogous to the mammalian spiral limbus, osseous spiral lamina, and spiral ligament, and not in any other tissues in head and body sections. The human OTOR gene localizes to chromosome 20 in bands p11.23-p12.1 and more precisely to STS marker WI-16380. We have isolated cDNAs orthologous to human OTOR in the mouse, chicken, and bullfrog. The encoded protein, designated otoraplin, has a predicted secretion signal peptide sequence and shows a high degree of cross-species conservation. Otoraplin is homologous to the protein encoded by CDRAP/MIA (cartilage-derived retinoic acid sensitive protein/melanoma inhibitory activity), which is expressed predominantly by chondrocytes, functions in cartilage development and maintenance, and has growth-inhibitory activity in melanoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Robertson
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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Cyr JL, Bell AM, Hudspeth AJ. Identification with a recombinant antibody of an inner-ear cytokeratin, a marker for hair-cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:4908-13. [PMID: 10758152 PMCID: PMC18331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.070050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive biochemical characterization of cells in the inner ear has been hampered by a lack of tools with which to identify inner-ear proteins. By using a single-chain antibody fragment isolated from a bacteriophage-displayed library, we have identified a cytokeratin that is abundant in nonsensory cells of the frog inner ear. Although the progenitors of hair cells exhibit strong immunoreactivity to this cytokeratin, the signal declines in immature hair cells and vanishes as the cells mature. The correlation between diminished immunoreactivity and hair-cell differentiation indicates that the cytokeratin is down-regulated during the transition from a nonsensory to a sensory cell and suggests that the marker is an early index of hair-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Cyr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA
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Tomek MS, Brown MR, Mani SR, Ramesh A, Srisailapathy CR, Coucke P, Zbar RI, Bell AM, McGuirt WT, Fukushima K, Willems PJ, Van Camp G, Smith RJ. Localization of a gene for otosclerosis to chromosome 15q25-q26. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:285-90. [PMID: 9425236 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among white adults otosclerosis is the single most common cause of hearing impairment. Although the genetics of this disease are controversial, the majority of studies indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance. We studied a large multi-generational family in which otosclerosis has been inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Five of16 affected persons have surgically confirmed otosclerosis; the remaining nine have a conductive hearing loss but have not undergone corrective surgery. To locate the disease-causing gene we completed genetic linkage analysis using short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) distributed over the entire genome. Multipoint linkage analysis showed that only one genomic region, on chromosome 15q, generated a lod score >2.0. Additional STRPs were typed in this area, resulting in a lod score of 3.4. STRPs FES (centromeric) and D15S657 (telomeric) flank the 14. 5 cM region that contains an otosclerosis gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Tomek
- Molecular Otolaryngology Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Abstract
Two simultaneous human cases of fatal melioidosis in temperate south-eastern Queensland involved patients who had had pre-existing multisystem illnesses, had sustained cutaneous lesions before illness onset, and died from overwhelming sepsis. Onset of disease was preceded by unseasonably heavy rainfall. These and other features of these cases suggest that the source of infection was local, in which case the endemicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei in temperate regional Australia may be broader than is currently recognised, and melioidosis may need to be considered in at-risk patients in these areas, as well as in tropical and subtropical areas, who present with severe pneumonia and septicaemia.
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Chapuis PH, Killingback MJ, Anseline PF, Bell AM, Bokey EL, Chapuis PH, Cohen JR, Collopy BT, Ctercteko GC, Cunningham IG. Best practice parameters for management of rectal cancer: recommendations of the Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia. Aust N Z J Surg 1996; 66:508-14. [PMID: 8712982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1996.tb00799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P H Chapuis
- Division of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The effects of various social contexts on sexual maturation in captive male prairie voles were investigated. Sexual maturity was assessed as the ability of a young male to produce urine capable of activating a diestrous adult female into estrus, as females remain anestrus until they ingest a male urinary chemosignal. In five experiments the postweaning social environments of developing males were manipulated (e.g., presence or absence of dam, sire, or junior litter, exposure to unfamiliar adult voles, social isolation) to determine if the age at which males begin to produce potent urine was sensitive to social effects. In general, there was no difference in the age of potent urine production as a function of social environment. Findings are discussed in the context of dispersal, inbreeding avoidance, and mate acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mateo
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1027
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Abstract
We present the results of a survey carried out by independent researchers to determine the subjective success rate of a series of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy procedures to correct myopia. Thirty patients, selected at random from a group of 300, had received treatment to both eyes with a minimum of six months follow-up on the second eye. Forty-four patients, selected at random from a group of 120, had received treatment to one eye only with five months of follow-up. The results show a high level of satisfaction with the results of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fichte
- Fichte Eye Center, Niagara Falls, New York 14301
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Abstract
We report on a 4-year-old girl with moderate developmental delay, horseshoe kidney, bilateral duplication of the ureters with right upper pole obstruction, hydronephrosis and nonfunction, and subsequent Wilms tumor of the right lower pole. She had an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 involving the region 11(q14.1q21).
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Stratton
- South Texas Genetics Center, Southwest Texas Methodist Hospital, San Antonio 78229
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify differences in rectal wall contractility between healthy volunteers and patients with chronic severe constipation. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Whether motor function of the rectum contributes to slow-transit constipation is unknown. Measurements of rectal contractility have been performed traditionally with perfused catheters or microtransducers. The rectal barostat is a new technique that quantifies the volume of air within an infinitely compliant intrarectal bag maintained at constant pressure; decreases in bag volume therefore reflect increases in rectal muscular contractility (tone). Increases in volume reflect decreased contractility. METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers (ten women and five men; mean age, 36 years) and eight patients (seven women and one man; mean age, 44 years) were studied. Barostat recordings were made for 1 hour before and after a meal. Randomly, neostigmine (0.5 mg) or glucagon (1 unit) was then given intravenously. After 1 hour, the other medication was given. RESULTS The fasting rectal volume was similar in the patient and control groups (113 +/- 7 mL vs. 103 +/- 4 mL, respectively; p > 0.05). Compared with controls, constipated patients had a significantly lower reduction in rectal volume after a meal (constipated, 35 +/- 8% vs. controls, 65 +/- 7%; p < 0.05) and after neostigmine administration (constipated, 39 +/- 6% vs. controls, 58 +/- 6%; p < 0.05). Moreover, constipated patients had a smaller increase in rectal volume after glucagon administration than did controls (28 +/- 6% vs. 64 +/- 18%, respectively; p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Changes in rectal wall contractility in response to feeding, a cholinergic agonist, and a smooth muscle relaxant were decreased in constipated patients. These findings suggest that an abnormality of rectal muscular wall contractility is present in constipated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Grotz
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Abstract
Random stool samples were obtained from 14 ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) patients 43 +/- 5 (mean +/- SEM) months after surgery, and the concentrations of individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Stool frequency was determined from a diary recorded for 15 days prior to stool sampling. The frequency, amplitude, and duration of phasic contractions (PCs) within the pouch following infusion of a physiologic concentration of SCFAs and normal saline randomly into the pouch of six IPAA patients were determined manometrically. The mean total SCFA concentration after IPAA did not differ significantly from normal stools (83 +/- 20 mM after IPAA vs. 97 +/- 10 mM for controls; P > 0.05). In the IPAA patients, regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between stools per day and total SCFA concentration (r = 0.73; P < 0.001). Moreover, no change in frequency (3.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.8 PCs/30 minutes), amplitude (26 +/- 5 vs. 25 +/- 4 mmHg), or duration (23 +/- 3 vs. 26 +/- 2 seconds) of PCs was found after SCFA infusion compared with saline control (P > 0.1). These findings demonstrate that SCFAs are present in ileal pouch effluent and that stool frequency may be related to fecal SCFA concentration. Also, the normal contractile response of the terminal ileum to SCFAs does not occur in the ileal pouch.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Ambroze
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Bell AM. The joys of working in a climate of innovation and enthusiasm. Nurs Times 1992; 88:16. [PMID: 1437594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bell AM. Dentistry is making a career comeback. N Y State Dent J 1991; 57:55-8. [PMID: 1749567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Technology took some of the bloom off dentistry as a career choice. Ironically, it's the same force that has given new status to the profession and made dentistry the career of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bell
- New York University College of Dentistry
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Abstract
Although stool consistency is considered to be an important component of anorectal continence, its effect on rectal emptying has never been quantitated. In 12 healthy volunteers and 12 patients after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) (46 +/- 5 months after the operation; mean +/- SEM), perfused anal manometry was performed; movements of the anorectal angle were quantitated scintigraphically; and rectal capacity and compliance were measured by air insufflation of an intrarectal balloon at three infusion rates. The efficiency of rectal evacuation of three consistencies (5 percent, liquid; 7.5 percent semisolid gel; 11.25 percent solid gel; w/w) of Tc99m labeled artificial stool (aluminum magnesium silicate gel) was quantitated by gamma camera imaging. No abnormalities of pelvic floor function were demonstrated in either controls or patients. The mean neorectal capacity and compliance of patients with IPAA did not differ from control, (capacity; IPAA: 215 +/- 22 ml vs. control; 245 +/- 29 ml; compliance; IPAA: 5.5 +/- 0.7 ml/cm H2O vs. control; 6.6 +/- 0.7 ml/cm H2O; P greater than 0.05). In controls, the percentage of the 7.5 percent consistency evacuated (81 +/- 5 percent, mean +/- SEM) was significantly more than the percentage evacuation of either the 5 percent consistency (67 +/- 7 percent) or the 11.25 percent consistency (77 +/- 2 percent) (P less than 0.05). After IPAA, the mean overall percent evacuation of the three stool consistencies was significantly less than control (52 +/- 6 percent after IPAA; 75 +/- 5 percent control, P less than 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in neorectal emptying between the liquid, the semisolid gel and the solid gel (56 +/- 6, 55 +/- 6, 51 +/- 9 percent, respectively, P greater than 0.1). We concluded that in healthy subjects but not in patients after IPAA, stool consistency affected the efficiency of evacuation of enteric content.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Ambroze
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Bell AM, Pemberton JH, Hanson RB, Zinsmeister AR. Variations in muscle tone of the human rectum: recordings with an electromechanical barostat. Am J Physiol 1991; 260:G17-25. [PMID: 1987806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.1.g17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rectal wall tone (the contractile state of the rectal tunica muscularis) should mediate accommodation and influence rectal emptying. Such changes in tone however can be only inferred from changes in baseline pressure recorded with conventional manometry. We used an isobaric volumetric device, the rectal electromechanical barostat, to quantify variations in tone of the rectal wall in response to feeding and to perturbations in response to the pharmacological agents neostigmine and glucagon. The barostat quantitates muscular wall tone indirectly by measuring its reciprocal, e.g., the volume of air within a flaccid intraluminal bag that is maintained at a constant and preselected pressure, by an electronic feedback mechanism. The barostat as well as a three-channel perfused manometric catheter were positioned in the rectum of 14 healthy volunteers. Three patterns of changes were observed: 1) respiratory fluctuations, 2) rapid volume waves, and 3) slow volume changes. Rectal tone varied little during fasting; rapid or slow changes in intrabag volume were infrequent. Ingestion of a standard meal was followed by a significant decrease in barostat bag volume (85 +/- 6 ml fasting vs. 50 +/- 8 ml fed, P less than 0.05). Pharmacological agents also induced predictable responses; neostigmine decreased bag volume and induced phasic pressure activity, whereas glucagon abolished phasic pressure activity and increased barostat bag volume. Perfused manometric catheters showed no concomitant changes in baseline pressure. We concluded that a rectal barostat measured variations in human rectal tone, which were not recorded by conventional manometric techniques. These changes in rectal tone might have important functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bell
- Gastroenterology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Bell AM. From a prosthodontist's viewpoint, a periodontal FPD classification. Dent Today 1989; 8:28-31. [PMID: 2629811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- R A McKenzie
- Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Animal Research Institute, Yeerongpilly
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Bell AM. Dental sintering: labor-saving innovation in C&B fabrication. Dent Lab Manage Today 1987; 4:29-31. [PMID: 3330168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bell AM. Minimizing problems in fitting, seating, and cementation of fixed prosthodontic retainers. J Prosthet Dent 1987; 57:266-70. [PMID: 3471942 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(87)90294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Gallstone pancreatitis is a disease of high mortality (11%) and significant morbidity (42%). An analysis of 66 patients with this disease revealed the importance of an early aetiological diagnosis; 66% of our patients had evidence of previous biliary disease. Most patients were elderly and the severity of their disease could be predicted using Ranson's predictive indices. Surgery was immediate (within 48 hours) in 11 (17%) patients, early (two-14 days) in 16 (24%) and delayed in 27 (41%) patients. Some patients refused surgery. Our study suggests that very ill patients require immediate surgery--often cholecystostomy alone--and that although in the majority symptoms should settle on conservative treatment, definitive surgery should be carried out at the time of the initial admission. Further delay increases morbidity, mortality and expense.
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Bell AM, Kurzeja R, Gamberg MG. Ceramometal crowns and bridges. Focus on failures. Dent Clin North Am 1985; 29:763-78. [PMID: 3908166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous factors that can have an adverse or beneficial effect upon the esthetic appearance of a ceramometal restoration. Some of these factors are beyond the influence of the dentist unless he or she is aware of them. As knowledgable practicing dentists, they have the ability to prescribe for their patients in such a manner as to achieve greater success and, in turn, greater patient acceptance and recognition. These are the rewards of a successful crown and bridge practice, and the ceramometal restoration is the basic state of the art prosthesis in present use. Knowing how to take a shade under the proper lighting conditions is generally well taught as part of the dental school curriculum, but the knowledge that shade guides are manufactured with built in idiosyncrasies of color variations from guide to guide is an enlightening experience. O'Brien of the Department of Dental Materials at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry clearly demonstrated the variabilities of color intensities between porcelain manufacturers. Laboratory technicians have been frustrated by the inconsistency of shades of porcelains from one lot number to another. It is now more fully understood that fluorescence is an important factor in patient satisfaction, as patients observe and have their restorations seen under differing lighting conditions. The type of alloy used in the ceramometal combination can have an effect upon the esthetic result. The wider use of silver-palladium alloys requires that the porcelain employed be of a nongreening nature, or else the final glazed prosthesis will give off a greenish cast. The ability of the opaque to block out the metal substructure while blending with the gingival and incisal shades eliminates the graying out, which can be esthetically objectionable to the patient. However, one of the most important considerations in aesthetic ceramometal restorations is the correct anatomy, placement, and harmonious blending with the oral and facial features and coloring of the patient. It would be comforting if we could all agree on a definition of esthetics. There is perhaps no more important aspect of marketing the ceramometal restoration to the patient than arrive, in advance, on a common ground and understanding of what the esthetic goals of the case are in realistic terms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Bell AM, Kingsley SR, Fiddian AP, Brigden WD. Sexually transmitted diseases in pregnancy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 288:1456. [PMID: 6426598 PMCID: PMC1441029 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1456-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Whicher JT, Bell AM, Martin MF, Marshall LA, Dieppe PA. Prostaglandins cause an increase in serum acute-phase proteins in man, which is diminished in systemic sclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1984; 66:165-71. [PMID: 6607151 DOI: 10.1042/cs0660165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The prostaglandin E1 increases the plasma concentration of acute-phase proteins in man and decreases the concentration of certain carrier proteins. This response is greatly diminished in patients with systemic sclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease leading to fibrosis. These findings pose new questions about the mediation of the acute-phase response and its role in controlling the inflammatory process.
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Bell AM. The ceramo-metal restoration. Quintessence Dent Technol 1983; 7:545-8. [PMID: 6359285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Waites GT, Bell AM, Bell SC. Acute phase serum proteins in syngeneic and allogeneic mouse pregnancy. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 53:225-32. [PMID: 6409477 PMCID: PMC1535534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels of two murine acute phase proteins, serum amyloid P component (SAP) and haptoglobin, have been measured in the serum of C57BL/10 female mice during syngeneic and allogeneic pregnancy. Both syngeneic and allogeneic pregnancy resulted in alterations in the levels of these proteins as compared to those observed in virgin females. Syngeneic mating resulted in an increase in concentration of both proteins during the final 3 days of pregnancy. During allogeneic pregnancy, SAP levels, after a transient increase on day 4, rose from days 6-8 and, after remaining relatively stable, increased from day 12 to reach maximum levels on day 18 of pregnancy. Levels fell dramatically during the immediate post-partum period. In contrast, although levels of haptoglobin also increased from days 6-8, for the remainder of pregnancy these increased levels remained stable. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the mechanisms of regulation of acute phase reactants and the immunological relationship between the mother and fetus.
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Bell AM. Students in the operating department: an examination of some factors governing their choice of career. NATNEWS 1980; 17:suppl 1-8. [PMID: 6905923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Dobersen MJ, Bell AM, Jenson AB, Notkins AL, Ginsberg-Fellner F. Detection of antibodies to islet cells and insulin with paraffin-embedded pancreas as antigen. Lancet 1979; 2:1078. [PMID: 91817 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)92477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bell AM. A dental school is born. Alpha Omegan 1978; 71:78-80. [PMID: 394599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bell AM. A brief study of the costs of gold. Quintessence Dent Technol 1976; 1:61-7. [PMID: 1072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bell AM. Legislation affecting you. Legislative committee report. J Bergen Cty Dent Soc 1975; 42:5-6, 17. [PMID: 1068999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bell AM, Boul AD, Jones ER, Meakins GD, Miners JO, Wilkins AL. Microbiological hydroxylation. Part XVII. Introduction of 16alpha-, 9alpha-, and 3alpha-hydroxy-groups into dioxygenated 5alpha-androstanes by the fungus Diaporthe celastrina. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1975:1364-6. [PMID: 1172506 DOI: 10.1002/chin.197543423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Brooks PM, Walker JJ, Lee P, Bell AM, Buchanan WW, Fowler PD, Anderson JA. [Clinical study on a new acetylsalicylic acid/paracetamol preparation with gastric acid resistant coating (Safapryn), and on two various phenylbutazone dosages in patients with primary chronic polyarthritis as based on a new evaluation method]. Z Rheumatol 1975; 34:350-65. [PMID: 1106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a simple non-crossover-blind test for the evaluation of subjective indices. A table for recording pains during the 14 days' study is described. The patient's satisfaction with the treatment and the number of days until withdrawal from the trial are recorded. The statistical procedure takes into consideration differences between the treatment groups and makes possible a valuable comparison with drugs tested in other clinical trials. The three dose schedules of antirheumatic treatment were tested on 122 patients and the results compared with those of 342 patients treated with the 6 other antirheumatic drugs (enteric-coated aspirin, paracetamol, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, mefenamic acid, and prednisolone) and those of 41 patients who received placebos. The results show that Safapryn (3,6 g aspirin + 3.0 g paracetamol daily) compared with 3.9 g enteric coated aspirin does not offer any advantage in its analgesic effect, although it gives rise to fewer side effects. Phenylbutazone (3000 mg) was almost as effective as 15 mg prednisolone daily. Between the effects of this dosage of phenylbutazone and other non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs, however, no significant difference could be detected. 50 mg phenylbutazone daily and placebo treatment could not be distinguished. The authors thank the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council for Research in Great Britain for its financial support. One of the authors (PL) was a Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Fellow and another one (PMB) received a Robins research scholarship.
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Bell AM. The acrylic jacket crown. Dent Clin North Am 1975; 19:301-12. [PMID: 1090464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to cover briefly the many applications of the acrylic jacket crown. It is readily understandable that this type of restoration has many shortcomings but at the same time it has many useful and important applications in dentistry when properly employed. It is hoped that the specialist and generalist alike will have found some new and useful applications of the acrylic jacket crown.
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Bell AM, Jones ER, Meakins GD, Miners JO, Wilkins AL. Microbiological hydroxylation. Part XX. Hydroxylation of dioxygenated 5alpha-androstanes with the fungi Absidia regnieri and Syncephelastrum racemosum. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1975:2040-3. [PMID: 1238423 DOI: 10.1039/p19750002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jasani MK, Diver MJ, Bell AM, Dalakos TG, Buchanan WW. Some clinical observations on the diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol (11-OHCS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with oral corticosteroid drugs. Curr Med Res Opin 1974; 2:373-86. [PMID: 4476271 DOI: 10.1185/03007997409112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bell AM, Chambers VE, Jones ER, Meakins GD, Müller WE, Pragnell J. Microbiological hydroxylation of steroids. XI. Convenient routes to 3,7-, 3,11-, 3,12-, 7,11-, 7,17-, and 11,17-dioxygenated 5 alpha-androstanes and to 5 alpha-androstan-11-one. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1974; 2:312-7. [PMID: 4593349 DOI: 10.1039/p19740000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Vince JD, Bremner F, Rooney PJ, Bell AM, Ardill J, Buchanan KD, Hayes JR. The acute effect of tetracosactrin on carbohydrate, insulin, glucagon, gastrin and lipid metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Med Res Opin 1973; 1:379-84. [PMID: 4359034 DOI: 10.1185/03007997309111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bell AM, Clark IM, Denny WA, Jones ER, Meakins GD, Müller WE. Microbiological hydroxylation of steroids. IX. Hydroxylation of diketones and keto-alcohols derived from 5 alpha-androstane with the fungi Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus circinnans. Steroidal 18- and 19-proton magnetic resonance signals. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1973; 19:2131-6. [PMID: 4796662 DOI: 10.1039/p19730002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bell AM. The acrylics. A brief survey of the acrylics and their properties which lead to success or failure in dentistry. N Y J Dent 1972; 42:324-30. [PMID: 4507948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bell AM, Denny WA, Jones ER, Meakins GD, Müller WE. Microbiological hydroxylation of steroids. V. The pattern of hydroxylation of dioxygenated 5 -androstanes with cultures of the fungus Calonectria decora. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1972; 21:2759-65. [PMID: 4566120 DOI: 10.1039/p19720002759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bell AM, Browne JW, Denny WA, Jones ER, Kasal JA, Meakins GD. Microbiological hydroxylation of steroids. VI. Hydroxylation of simple mono- and di-oxygenated 5 -androstanes and of 3-oxoestranes with the fungus Aspergillus ochraceus. J Chem Soc Perkin 1 1972; 23:2930-6. [PMID: 4675916 DOI: 10.1039/p19720002930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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