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Karas Kuželički N, Doljak B. Congenital Heart Disease and Genetic Changes in Folate/Methionine Cycles. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:872. [PMID: 39062651 PMCID: PMC11276067 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common congenital malformations and thus represents a considerable public health burden. Hence, the identification of individuals and families with an increased genetic predisposition to congenital heart disease (CHD) and its possible prevention is important. Even though CHD is associated with the lack of folate during early pregnancy, the genetic background of folate and methionine metabolism perturbations and their influence on CHD risk is not clear. While some genes, such as those coding for cytosolic enzymes of folate/methionine cycles, have been extensively studied, genetic studies of folate transporters (de)glutamation enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes of the folate cycle are lacking. Among genes coding for cytoplasmic enzymes of the folate cycle, MTHFR, MTHFD1, MTR, and MTRR have the strongest association with CHD, while among genes for enzymes of the methionine cycle BHMT and BHMT2 are the most prominent. Among mitochondrial folate cycle enzymes, MTHFD2 plays the most important role in CHD formation, while FPGS was identified as important in the group of (de)glutamation enzymes. Among transporters, the strongest association with CHD was demonstrated for SLC19A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Karas Kuželički
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Doljak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Eley L, Richardson RV, Alqahtani A, Chaudhry B, Henderson DJ. eNOS plays essential roles in the developing heart and aorta linked to disruption of Notch signalling. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050265. [PMID: 38111957 PMCID: PMC10846539 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
eNOS (NOS3) is the enzyme that generates nitric oxide, a signalling molecule and regulator of vascular tone. Loss of eNOS function is associated with increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and stroke. Aortopathy and cardiac hypertrophy have also been found in eNOS null mice, but their aetiology is unclear. We evaluated eNOS nulls before and around birth for cardiac defects, revealing severe abnormalities in the ventricular myocardium and pharyngeal arch arteries. Moreover, in the aortic arch, there were fewer baroreceptors, which sense changes in blood pressure. Adult eNOS null survivors showed evidence of cardiac hypertrophy, aortopathy and cartilaginous metaplasia in the periductal region of the aortic arch. Notch1 and neuregulin were dysregulated in the forming pharyngeal arch arteries and ventricles, suggesting that these pathways may be relevant to the defects observed. Dysregulation of eNOS leads to embryonic and perinatal death, suggesting mutations in eNOS are candidates for causing congenital heart defects in humans. Surviving eNOS mutants have a deficiency of baroreceptors that likely contributes to high blood pressure and may have relevance to human patients who suffer from hypertension associated with aortic arch abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Eley
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rachel V. Richardson
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ahlam Alqahtani
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Bill Chaudhry
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Deborah J. Henderson
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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Raina JK, Panjaliya RK, Dogra V, Sharma S, Anupriya, Kumar P. "Association of MTHFR and MS/MTR gene polymorphisms with congenital heart defects in North Indian population (Jammu and Kashmir): a case-control study encompassing meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis". BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:223. [PMID: 35468734 PMCID: PMC9036697 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) is greatly influenced by variants within the genes involved in folate-homocysteine metabolism. Polymorphism in MTHFR (C677T and G1793A) and MS/MTR (A2756G) genes increases the risk of developing CHD risk, but results are controversial. Therefore, we conducted a case–control association pilot study followed by an up-dated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) to obtain more precise estimate of the associations of these two gene variants with the CHD risk. Methods For case–control study, we enrolled 50 CHD patients and 100 unrelated healthy controls. Genotyping was done by PCR–RFLP method and meta-analysis was performed by MetaGenyo online Statistical Analysis System software. For meta-analysis total number of individuals was as follows: for MTHFR C677T 3450 CHD patients and 4447 controls whereas for MS A2756G 697 CHD patients and 777 controls. Results Results of the original pilot study suggested lack of association for MTHFR C677T and MS A2756G polymorphism with risk of CHD whereas MTHFR G1793A was significantly associated with the disease. On performing meta-analysis, a significant association was observed with MTHFR C677T polymorphism but not with MS A2756G. Trial sequential Analysis also confirmed the sufficient sample size requirement for findings of meta-analysis. Conclusions The results of the meta-analysis suggested a significant role of MTHFR in increased risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotdeep Kour Raina
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, Jammu, India
| | | | - Vikas Dogra
- Department of Zoology Govt. Degree College, Samba, J&K, Jammu, India
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Anupriya
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, Jammu, India
| | - Parvinder Kumar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, Jammu, India. .,Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, Jammu, India.
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Luft FC. Fitting homocysteine to disease models, as well as adjusting the models to the disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 93:585-7. [PMID: 25952147 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenbergerweg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany,
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LaDisa JF, Bozdag S, Olson J, Ramchandran R, Kersten JR, Eddinger TJ. Gene Expression in Experimental Aortic Coarctation and Repair: Candidate Genes for Therapeutic Intervention? PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207811 PMCID: PMC4514739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a constriction of the proximal descending thoracic aorta and is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular defects. Treatments for CoA improve life expectancy, but morbidity persists, particularly due to the development of chronic hypertension (HTN). Identifying the mechanisms of morbidity is difficult in humans due to confounding variables such as age at repair, follow-up duration, coarctation severity and concurrent anomalies. We previously developed an experimental model that replicates aortic pathology in humans with CoA without these confounding variables, and mimics correction at various times using dissolvable suture. Here we present the most comprehensive description of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to date from the pathology of CoA, which were obtained using this model. Aortic samples (n=4/group) from the ascending aorta that experiences elevated blood pressure (BP) from induction of CoA, and restoration of normal BP after its correction, were analyzed by gene expression microarray, and enriched genes were converted to human orthologues. 51 DEGs with >6 fold-change (FC) were used to determine enriched Gene Ontology terms, altered pathways, and association with National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headers (MeSH) IDs for HTN, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CoA. The results generated 18 pathways, 4 of which (cell cycle, immune system, hemostasis and metabolism) were shared with MeSH ID’s for HTN and CVD, and individual genes were associated with the CoA MeSH ID. A thorough literature search further uncovered association with contractile, cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins related to excitation-contraction coupling and metabolism that may explain the structural and functional changes observed in our experimental model, and ultimately help to unravel the mechanisms responsible for persistent morbidity after treatment for CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. LaDisa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Herma Heart Center, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Serdar Bozdag
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jessica Olson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Judy R. Kersten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Eddinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Xuan C, Li H, Zhao JX, Wang HW, Wang Y, Ning CP, Liu Z, Zhang BB, He GW, Lun LM. Association between MTHFR polymorphisms and congenital heart disease: a meta-analysis based on 9,329 cases and 15,076 controls. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7311. [PMID: 25472587 PMCID: PMC4255188 DOI: 10.1038/srep07311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the risk for congenital heart disease (CHD). Electronic literature databases were searched to identify eligible studies published before Jun, 2014. The association was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The publication bias was explored using Begg's test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of the crude results. A total of 35 studies were included in this meta-analysis. For the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, we detected significant association in all genetic models for Asian children and the maternal population. Significant association was also detected in T vs. C for a Caucasian paediatric population (OR = 1.163, 95% CI: 1.008–1.342) and in both T vs. C (OR = 1.125, 95% CI: 1.043–1.214) and the dominant model (OR = 1.216, 95% CI:b1.096–1.348) for a Caucasian maternal population. For the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism, the association was detected in CC vs. AC for the Caucasian paediatric population (OR = 1.484, 95% CI: 1.035–2.128). Our results support the MTHFR -677T allele as a susceptibility factor for CHD in the Asian maternal population and the -1298C allele as a risk factor in the Caucasian paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Chun-Ping Ning
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Guo-Wei He
- 1] TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin &The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P.R China [2] Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Li-Min Lun
- 1] Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China [2] Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
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Wang W, Wang Y, Gong F, Zhu W, Fu S. MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of congenital heart defects: evidence from 29 case-control and TDT studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58041. [PMID: 23536781 PMCID: PMC3594197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme for folate metabolism in humans; it is encoded by the MTHFR gene. Several studies have assessed the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs), while the results were inconsistent. METHODS AND FINDINGS Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies published up to July 22, 2012. Data from case-control and TDT studies were integrated in an allelic model using the Catmap and Metafor software. Twenty-nine publications were included in this meta-analysis. The overall meta-analysis showed significant association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and CHDs risk in children with heterogeneity (P heterogeneity = 0.000) and publication bias (P egger = 0.039), but it turned into null after the trim-and-fill method was implemented (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.95-1.31). Nevertheless, positive results were obtained after stratified by ethnicity and sample size in all subgroups except the mixed population. For mothers, there was significant association between the variant and CHDs without heterogeneity (P heterogeneity = 0.150, OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05-1.29) and publication bias (P egger = 0.981). However, the results varied across each subgroup in the stratified analysis of ethnicity and sample size. CONCLUSIONS Both infant and maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, CRCHUM-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fangqi Gong
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Songling Fu
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Polymorphism 677C → T MTHFR gene in Mexican mothers of children with complex congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34:46-51. [PMID: 22660520 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-012-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the third leading cause of death in children <1 year of age in Mexico where there is a high prevalence of the 677C → T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene. This is important because the homozygous 677T/T MTHFR gene and deficiency of folic acid (FA) intake have been associated with CHD. Our objective was to analyze the possible association between the genotype 677T/T of the MTHFR gene and supplementation of FA in Mexican women with the presence of complex CHD in their children. We analyzed genotypes of 31 mothers of children with complex CHD (group I) and 62 mothers of healthy children (group II) and investigated FA supplementation during pregnancy in both study groups. Allele frequencies in group I were 41.9 % for C and 58.1 % for T and 22.6 % for genotype frequencies CC, 38.7 % for CT, and 38.7 % for TT. Allele frequencies in group II were 63.7 % for C and 36.3 % for T and 38.7 % for genotype frequencies CC, 50 % for CT and 11.3 % for TT. Both populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Odds ratio for having a child with a complex CHD was 5.9, p = 0.008 (95 % CI 1.67; 20.63) for the TT genotype. FA supplementation at any time during pregnancy was 90.3 and 87.9 % in groups II and I respectively (p > 0.05). Association was found between the maternal genotype (677/TT MTHFR) with the presence of complex CHD in their offspring. No differences in FA supplementation during any stage were found between groups.
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Butcher JT, Mahler GJ, Hockaday LA. Aortic valve disease and treatment: the need for naturally engineered solutions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:242-68. [PMID: 21281685 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aortic valve regulates unidirectional flow of oxygenated blood to the myocardium and arterial system. The natural anatomical geometry and microstructural complexity ensures biomechanically and hemodynamically efficient function. The compliant cusps are populated with unique cell phenotypes that continually remodel tissue for long-term durability within an extremely demanding mechanical environment. Alteration from normal valve homeostasis arises from genetic and microenvironmental (mechanical) sources, which lead to congenital and/or premature structural degeneration. Aortic valve stenosis pathobiology shares some features of atherosclerosis, but its final calcification endpoint is distinct. Despite its broad and significant clinical significance, very little is known about the mechanisms of normal valve mechanobiology and mechanisms of disease. This is reflected in the paucity of predictive diagnostic tools, early stage interventional strategies, and stagnation in regenerative medicine innovation. Tissue engineering has unique potential for aortic valve disease therapy, but overcoming current design pitfalls will require even more multidisciplinary effort. This review summarizes the latest advancements in aortic valve research and highlights important future directions.
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