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Biswas S, Kumar Mukhopadhyay P. Casein- and pea-enriched high-protein diet can take care of the reprotoxic effects of arsenic in male rats. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13560. [PMID: 32196711 DOI: 10.1111/and.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a significant health problem featured with several incidents of male reproductive dysfunctions. We studied the protective effects of a casein- and pea-enriched formulated high-protein diet (FHPD) on arsenic-mediated testicular dysfunctions in rats. Adult male rats sustained on either a benchmark diet (n = 8) or an isocaloric FHPD (n = 8) were gavaged with arsenic trioxide (3mg/kg body wt/rat/day) for 30 consecutive days. A vehicle-fed group (n = 8) maintained on the standard diet served as control. The arsenic-treated group continued on the standard diet had a significantly reduced testicular and accessory sex organs weights. They exhibited decreased count, motility, viability and disrupted plasma membrane integrity of caudal spermatozoa with a higher incidence of gross morphological anomalies and DNA damage. Attenuated steroidogenic enzyme activities and low serum testosterone level vouched for a compromised state of testicular steroidogenesis. An increased testicular malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents coupled with impaired activities of antioxidant enzymes and free radical scavengers mirrored a situation of exacerbated testicular oxidative imbalance and disrupted redox homeostasis. FHPD, by and large, countermanded testicular steroidogenesis and antioxidant defence system and revoked the ill effects of arsenic. We conclude that specific protein-enriched diet may serve as prospective weaponry in encountering the arsenic-threatened testicular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Wang A, Holladay SD, Wolf DC, Ahmed SA, Robertson JL. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Arsenic in Rodents: A Review. Int J Toxicol 2016; 25:319-31. [PMID: 16940004 DOI: 10.1080/10915810600840776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a recognized reproductive toxicant in humans and induces malformations, especially neural tube defects, in laboratory animals. Early studies showed that murine malformations occurred only when a high dose of inorganic arsenic was given by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection in early gestation. Oral gavage of inorganic arsenic at maternally toxic doses caused reduced fetal body weight and increased resorptions. Recently, arsenic reproductive and developmental toxicity has been studied in situations more similar to human exposures and using broader endpoints, such as behavioral changes and gene expression. For the general population, exposure to arsenic is mostly oral, particularly via drinking water, repeated and prolonged over time. In mice and rats, methylated or inorganic arsenic via drinking water or by repeated oral gavage induced male and female reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, at nonmaternally toxic levels, inorganic arsenic given to pregnant dams via drinking water affected fetal brain development and postnatal behaviors. However, arsenic given by repeated oral gavage to pregnant mice and rats was not morphologically teratogenic. In this review of arsenic reproductive and developmental toxicity in rats and mice, the authors summarize recent in vivo studies and discuss possible underlying mechanisms. The influences of folate, selenium, zinc, and arsenic methylation on arsenic reproductive and developmental toxicity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
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Xue J, Ideraabdullah FY. An assessment of molecular pathways of obesity susceptible to nutrient, toxicant and genetically induced epigenetic perturbation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 30:1-13. [PMID: 27012616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the etiology of human disease has greatly improved with the inclusion of epigenetic mechanisms, in particular as a common link between environment and disease. However, for most diseases we lack a detailed interpretation of the epigenetic regulatory pathways perturbed by environment and causal mechanisms. Here, we focus on recent findings elucidating nutrient-related epigenetic changes linked to obesity. We highlight studies demonstrating that obesity is a complex disease linked to disruption of epigenetically regulated metabolic pathways in the brain, adipose tissue and liver. These pathways regulate (1) homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors, (2) adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation, and (3) energy expenditure. By compiling these data, we illustrate that obesity-related phenotypes are repeatedly linked to disruption of critical epigenetic mechanisms that regulate key metabolic genes. These data are supported by genetic mutation of key epigenetic regulators, and many of the diet-induced epigenetic mechanisms of obesity are also perturbed by exposure to environmental toxicants. Identifying similarly perturbed epigenetic mechanisms in multiple experimental models of obesity strengthens the translational applications of these findings. We also discuss many of the ongoing challenges to understanding the role of environmentally induced epigenetic pathways in obesity and suggest future studies to elucidate these roles. This assessment illustrates our current understanding of molecular pathways of obesity that are susceptible to environmental perturbation via epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, it lays the groundwork for dissecting the complex interactions between diet, genes and toxicants that contribute to obesity and obesity-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Nutrition, 120 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Alava P, Du Laing G, Tack F, De Ryck T, Van De Wiele T. Westernized diets lower arsenic gastrointestinal bioaccessibility but increase microbial arsenic speciation changes in the colon. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:757-762. [PMID: 25192650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an important contaminant present in food and water. Several studies have indicated that the occurrence of As based skin lesions is significantly different when root and gourd rich diets are consumed compared to meat rich diets. Additionally, urinary As speciation from orally exposed individuals appears to depend on the composition of the diet. These observations imply that diet composition can affect both the bioavailable As fraction as the As speciation in the body. In this study, we used the in vitro gastrointestinal method (IVG) to evaluate how an Asian type diet (fiber rich) and a Western type diet (fat and protein rich), differ in their capability to release inorganic As (iAs(V)) and dimethyl arsinate (DMA(V)) from a rice matrix following gastrointestinal digestion. Moreover, we used a validated dynamic gut simulator to investigate whether diet background affects As metabolism by gut microbiota in a colon environment. An Asian diet background resulted in a larger As bioaccessibility (81.2%) than a Western diet background (63.4%). On the other hand, incubation of As contaminated rice with human colon microbiota in the presence of a Western type diet resulted in a larger amount of hazardous As species - monomethyl arsonite and monomethylmonothio arsonate - to be formed after 48 h. The permeability of these As species (60.5% and 50.5% resp.) across a Caco-2 cell line was significantly higher compared to iAs(V) and DMA(V) (46.5% and 28% resp.). We conclude that dietary background is a crucial parameter to incorporate when predicting bioavailability with bioaccessibility measurements and when assessing health risks from As following oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Alava
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Tack
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine De Ryck
- Laboratory of experimental cancer research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van De Wiele
- Laboratory of experimental cancer research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Ghent, Belgium
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Ahmed S, Rekha RS, Ahsan KB, Doi M, Grandér M, Roy AK, Ekström EC, Wagatsuma Y, Vahter M, Raqib R. Arsenic exposure affects plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in children in rural Bangladesh. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81530. [PMID: 24303053 PMCID: PMC3841153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) through drinking water during pregnancy is associated with lower birth size and child growth. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of As exposure on child growth parameters to evaluate causal associations. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Children born in a longitudinal mother-child cohort in rural Bangladesh were studied at 4.5 years (n=640) as well as at birth (n=134). Exposure to arsenic was assessed by concurrent and prenatal (maternal) urinary concentrations of arsenic metabolites (U-As). Associations with plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), calcium (Ca), vitamin D (Vit-D), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and phosphate (PO4) were evaluated by linear regression analysis, adjusted for socioeconomic factor, parity and child sex. Child U-As (per 10 µg/L) was significantly inversely associated with concurrent plasma IGF-1 (β=-0.27; 95% confidence interval: -0.50, -0.0042) at 4.5 years. The effect was more obvious in girls (β=-0.29; -0.59, 0.021) than in boys, and particularly in girls with adequate height (β=-0.491; -0.97, -0.02) or weight (β=-0.47; 0.97, 0.01). Maternal U-As was inversely associated with child IGF-1 at birth (r=-0.254, P=0.003), but not at 4.5 years. There was a tendency of positive association between U-As and plasma PO4 in stunted boys (β=0.27; 0.089, 0.46). When stratified by % monomethylarsonic acid (MMA, arsenic metabolite) (median split at 9.7%), a much stronger inverse association between U-As and IGF-1 in the girls (β=-0.41; -0.77, -0.03) was obtained above the median split. CONCLUSION The results suggest that As-related growth impairment in children is mediated, at least partly, through suppressed IGF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmed
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rokeya Sultana Rekha
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid Bin Ahsan
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mariko Doi
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Margaretha Grandér
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eva-Charlotte Ekström
- International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Nizam S, Kato M, Yatsuya H, Khalequzzaman M, Ohnuma S, Naito H, Nakajima T. Differences in urinary arsenic metabolites between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1006-19. [PMID: 23481591 PMCID: PMC3709300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10031006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of inorganic arsenic (iAs) is considered to be related to the development of diabetes mellitus. In order to clarify the possible differences in the metabolism in diabetics, we measured urinary iAs metabolites in diabetic cases and non-diabetic control subjects in Faridpur, an arsenic-contaminated area in Bangladesh. Physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetic cases (140 persons) and non-diabetic controls (180 persons) were recruited. Drinking water and spot urine samples were collected. Mean concentrations of total arsenic in drinking water did not differ between cases (85.1 μg/L) and controls (85.8 μg/L). The percentage of urinary iAs (iAs%) was significantly lower in cases (8.6%) than in controls (10.4%), while that of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA%) was higher in cases (82.6%) than in controls (79.9%). This may have been due to the higher secondary methylation index (SMI) in the former (11.6) rather than the latter (10.0). Adjusting for matching factors (sex and unions), and the additional other covariates (age and water arsenic) significantly attenuated the differences in iAs%, SMI, and DMA%, respectively, though the difference in monomethylarsonic acid% was newly significant in the latter adjustment. Our study did not suggest any significant differences in urinary arsenic metabolites between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Nizam
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; E-Mails: (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (M.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Md. Khalequzzaman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; E-Mails: (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Shoko Ohnuma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (M.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Hisao Naito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; E-Mails: (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; E-Mails: (S.N.); (M.K.); (H.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan; E-Mails: (M.K.); (S.O.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-568-51-9104; Fax: +81-568-51-9635
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Heck JE, Nieves JW, Chen Y, Parvez F, Brandt-Rauf PW, Graziano JH, Slavkovich V, Howe GR, Ahsan H. Dietary intake of methionine, cysteine, and protein and urinary arsenic excretion in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:99-104. [PMID: 19165394 PMCID: PMC2627873 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Bangladesh, millions of people are exposed to arsenic in drinking water; arsenic is associated with increased risk of cancer. Once ingested, arsenic is metabolized via methylation and excreted in urine. Knowledge about nutritional factors affecting individual variation in methylation is limited. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine associations between intakes of protein, methionine, and cysteine total urinary arsenic in a large population-based sample. METHODS The study subjects were 10,402 disease-free residents of Araihazar, Bangladesh, who participated in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS). Food intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire developed for the study population. Nutrient composition was determined by using the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine association between total urinary arsenic across quintiles of nutrient intakes while controlling for arsenic exposure from drinking water and other predictors of urinary arsenic. RESULTS Greater intakes of protein, methionine, and cysteine were associated with 10-15% greater total urinary arsenic excretion, after controlling for total energy intake, body weight, sex, age, tobacco use, and intake of some other nutrients. CONCLUSIONS Given previously reported risks between lower rates of arsenic excretion and increased rates of cancer, these findings support the role of nutrition in preventing arsenic-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health and
- Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeri W. Nieves
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health and
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul W. Brandt-Rauf
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph H. Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health and
- Department of Health Studies and Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Address correspondence to H. Ahsan, Department of Health Studies, Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave., Suite N102, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Telephone: (773) 834-9956. Fax: (773) 834-0139. E-mail:
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Li L, Ekström EC, Goessler W, Lönnerdal B, Nermell B, Yunus M, Rahman A, Arifeen SE, Persson LÅ, Vahter M. Nutritional status has marginal influence on the metabolism of inorganic arsenic in pregnant Bangladeshi women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:315-21. [PMID: 18335097 PMCID: PMC2265039 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interindividual variation in metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs), involving methylation via one-carbon metabolism, has been well documented, but the reasons remain unclear. OBJECTIVES In this population-based study we aimed to elucidate the effect of nutrition on As methylation among women in Matlab, Bangladesh, where people are chronically exposed to iAs via drinking water. METHODS We studied effects of macronutrient status using body mass index (BMI) among 442 women in early pregnancy (gestational week 8), and effects of micronutrient status (plasma folate, vitamin B12, zinc, ferritin, and selenium) among 753 women at gestational week 14. Arsenic metabolites in urine were measured by HPLC combined with hydride generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The median concentration of As in urine was 97 microg/L (range, 5-1,216 microg/L, adjusted by specific gravity). The average proportions of iAs, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid in urine in gestational week 8 were 15%, 11%, and 74%, respectively. Thus, the women had efficient As methylation in spite of being poorly nourished (one-third had BMIs < 18.5 kg/m2) and having elevated As exposure, both of which are known to decrease As methylation. The metabolism of iAs was only marginally influenced by micronutrient status, probably because women, especially in pregnancy and with low folate intake, have an efficient betaine-mediated remethylation of homocysteine, which is essential for an efficient As methylation. CONCLUSIONS In spite of the high As exposure and prevalent malnutrition, overall As methylation in women in early pregnancy was remarkably efficient. The As exposure level had the greatest impact on As methylation among the studied factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Barbro Nermell
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Yunus
- ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anisur Rahman
- International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- ICDDR,B (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Åke Persson
- International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vahter ME. Interactions between arsenic-induced toxicity and nutrition in early life. J Nutr 2007; 137:2798-804. [PMID: 18029502 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.12.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic through drinking water is a major public health problem affecting most countries, although the situation is particularly severe in low-income nations. The health consequences of chronic arsenic exposure include increased risk for various forms of cancer and numerous noncancer effects, including diabetes, skin diseases, chronic cough, and toxic effects on liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, and peripheral and central nervous systems. In recent years increasing reports of effects on fetal and child development have appeared. There seems to be a wide variation in susceptibility to arsenic toxicity, which is likely to be related to factors such as variation in arsenic metabolism, nutrition, host-related defense mechanisms, and genetic predisposition. The main mechanisms of arsenic-nutrition interactions include arsenic-induced oxidative stress, which requires nutrient-dependent defense systems, and arsenic metabolism (methylation) via 1-carbon metabolism, which requires methyl groups, folic acid, vitamin B-12, and betaine for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. An efficient first methylation step in combination with a slow second methylation step seems to be most critical from a toxicological point of view. A third mode of arsenic-nutrition interaction involves epigenetic effects and fetal programming via DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Heck JE, Gamble MV, Chen Y, Graziano JH, Slavkovich V, Parvez F, Baron JA, Howe GR, Ahsan H. Consumption of folate-related nutrients and metabolism of arsenic in Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1367-74. [PMID: 17490975 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic (InAs) is metabolized to monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and this methylation facilitates urinary arsenic excretion. Previous studies suggest that persons with more complete methylation, characterized as greater proportions of DMA and lesser proportions of MMA and InAs in urine, have a lower risk of adverse arsenic-related health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether the capacity to methylate arsenic differs by nutrient intake. DESIGN Participants were 1016 Bangladeshi adults exposed to arsenic in drinking water. Nutrient intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariate regression analyses were used to examine associations of nutrients with urinary arsenic metabolite profiles. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, higher intakes of cysteine, methionine, calcium, protein, and vitamin B-12 were associated with lower percentages of InAs and higher ratios of MMA to InAs in urine. Higher intakes of niacin (beta=0.22, P=0.02) and choline (beta=0.10, P=0.02) were associated with higher DMA-to-MMA ratios, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, total urinary arsenic, and total energy intake. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current study show the influence of multiple nutrients on arsenic methylation. In particular, this study highlights the potential importance of dietary intakes of cysteine, methionine, niacin, vitamin B-12, and choline on health effects of arsenic by modulating its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health and Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sun G, Xu Y, Li X, Jin Y, Li B, Sun X. Urinary arsenic metabolites in children and adults exposed to arsenic in drinking water in Inner Mongolia, China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115:648-52. [PMID: 17450238 PMCID: PMC1852658 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the concentrations and distributions of urinary arsenic (As) metabolites in 233 residents exposed to 20, 90, or 160 microg/L inorganic arsenic (iAs) in drinking water from three villages in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, that formed one control and two exposed groups. METHODS We used hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) to determine iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). RESULTS The concentrations of each urinary As species in the two exposed groups were significantly higher than in the control group for both children and adults. Both children and adults in exposed groups had higher percent iAs and MMA and lower percent DMA, and low primary and secondary methylation indices (PMI and SMI, respectively) than those in the control group. However, children showed significant increases in percent DMA and the SMI as well as decreases in the percent MMA when the iAs exposure level increased from 90 to 160 microg/L. In addition, children in the two exposed groups showed lower percent MMA but higher percent DMA and higher SMI than adults in the same exposed group. No significant differences in As metabolite concentrations and distributions were found between males and females in each group. A significant correlation was also found in the SMI between 11 pairs of children and their mothers from the 160-microg/L-exposed group. CONCLUSIONS Children had higher a capacity for secondary methylation of As than adults when exposed to the same concentrations of iAs in drinking water. Exposure to As may increase the capacity for methylation in children to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifan Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Bei Er Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Wentzel P, Rydberg U, Eriksson UJ. Antioxidative Treatment Diminishes Ethanol-Induced Congenital Malformations in the Rat. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 30:1752-60. [PMID: 17010142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine exposure to ethanol causes embryonic and fetal growth retardation and maldevelopment. Oxidative stress in mother and offspring has been suggested to be part of the teratogenic mechanism, and supplementation of antioxidative agents to the pregnant women may therefore be of value in future prophylactic treatment regimen. There is a need for in vivo experimental work in this field, and in the present study, our aim was to investigate whether chronic ethanol consumption induced congenital malformations in rats and, if so, whether dietary supplementation of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) diminished such maldevelopment. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given drinking water containing 20% ethanol and half of these received food containing 5% vitamin E. Non-ethanol-exposed female rats, with or without vitamin E treatment, served as controls. The pregnancy was interrupted on gestational day 20 when the offspring was evaluated morphologically and fetal hepatic 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) levels were measured to assess the degree of fetal oxidative stress. RESULTS Exposure to 20% ethanol increased maternal blood ethanol to 1.5 promille and increased resorption and malformation rates in the offspring. Maternal vitamin E treatment did not affect blood ethanol levels, but normalized fetal development. The fetal hepatic levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) were increased in the ethanol-exposed group and normalized by vitamin E treatment of the mother. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol exposure disturbs embryogenesis partly by enhanced oxidative stress, and the adverse effects can be ameliorated by antioxidative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parri Wentzel
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Universitet, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Steinmaus C, Carrigan K, Kalman D, Atallah R, Yuan Y, Smith AH. Dietary intake and arsenic methylation in a U.S. population. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:1153-9. [PMID: 16140620 PMCID: PMC1280394 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, and ingestion of inorganic arsenic (InAs) has been associated with increased risks of cancer. The primary metabolic pathway of ingested InAs is methylation to monomethyl arsenic (MMA) and dimethyl arsenic (DMA). However, people vary greatly in the degree to which they methylate InAs, and recent evidence suggests that those who excrete high proportions of ingested arsenic as MMA are more susceptible than others to arsenic-caused cancer. To date, little is known about the factors that determine interindividual differences in arsenic methylation. In this study, we assessed the effect of diet on arsenic metabolism by measuring dietary intakes and urinary arsenic methylation patterns in 87 subjects from two arsenic-exposed regions in the western United States. Subjects in the lower quartile of protein intake excreted a higher proportion of ingested InAs as MMA (14.6 vs. 11.6%; p = 0.01) and a lower proportion as DMA (72.3 vs. 77.0%; p = 0.01) than did subjects in the upper quartile of protein intake. Subjects in the lower quartile of iron, zinc, and niacin intake also had higher urinary percent MMA and lower percent DMA levels than did subjects with higher intakes of these nutrients. These associations were also seen in multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and total urinary arsenic. Given the previously reported links between high percent MMA and increased cancer risks, these findings are consistent with the theory that people with diets deficient in protein and other nutrients are more susceptible than others to arsenic-caused cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Steinmaus
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 094720, USA
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