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Sgheiza V. Sex and ancestry patterning of residual correlations in human dental development: Cooperative genetic interaction and phenotypic plasticity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24908. [PMID: 38329212 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most research in human dental age estimation has focused on point estimates of age, and most research on dental development theories has focused on morphology or eruption. Correlations between developing teeth using ordinal staging have received less attention. The effect of demographic variables on these correlations is unknown. I tested the effect of reference sample demographic variables on the residual correlation matrix using the lens of cooperative genetic interaction (CGI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of Moorrees et al., Journal of Dental Research, 1963, 42, 1490-1502, scores of left mandibular permanent teeth from panoramic radiographs of 880 London children 3-22.99 years of age stratified by year of age, sex, and Bangladeshi or European ancestry. A multivariate cumulative probit model was fit to each sex/ancestry group (n = 220), each sex or ancestry (n = 440), and all individuals (n = 880). Residual correlation matrices from nine reference sample configurations were compared using Bartlett's tests of between-sample difference matrices against the identity matrix, hierarchical cluster analysis, and dendrogram cophenetic correlations. RESULTS Bartlett's test results were inconclusive. Cluster analysis showed clustering by tooth class, position within class, and developmental timing. Clustering patterns and dendrogram correlations showed similarity by sex but not ancestry. DISCUSSION Expectations of CGI were supported for developmental staging. This supports using CGI as a model for explaining patterns of variation within the dentition. Sex was found to produce consistent patterns of dental correlations, whereas ancestry did not. Clustering by timing of development supports phenotypic plasticity in the dentition and suggests shared environment over genetic ancestry to explain population differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Sgheiza
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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2
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Alnasser M, Alshammari AH, Siddiqui AY, Alothmani OS, Issrani R, Iqbal A, Khattak O, Prabhu N. Tissue Regeneration on Rise: Dental Hard Tissue Regeneration and Challenges-A Narrative Review. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:9990562. [PMID: 38690100 PMCID: PMC11057954 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9990562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Background As people live longer, there is an increasing need for hard tissue regeneration and whole-tooth regeneration. Despite the advancements in the field of medicine, the field of regenerative dentistry is still challenging due to the complexity of dental hard tissues. Cross-disciplinary collaboration among material scientists, cellular biologists, and odontologists aimed at developing strategies and uncovering solutions related to dental tissue regeneration. Methodology. A search of the literature was done for pertinent research. Consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, the electronic databases looked at were PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with the keyword search "hard dental tissue regeneration." Results Database analysis yielded a total of 476 articles. 222 duplicate articles have been removed in total. Articles that have no connection to the directed regeneration of hard dental tissue were disregarded. The review concluded with the inclusion of four studies that were relevant to our research objective. Conclusion Current molecular signaling network investigations and novel viewpoints on cellular heterogeneity have made advancements in understanding of the kinetics of dental hard tissue regeneration possible. Here, we outline the fundamentals of stem hard dental tissue maintenance, regeneration, and repair, as well as recent advancements in the field of hard tissue regeneration. These intriguing findings help establish a framework that will eventually enable basic research findings to be utilized towards oral health-improving medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsen Alnasser
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amna Yusuf Siddiqui
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Shujaa Alothmani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Khattak
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namdeo Prabhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Brandon AA, Almeida D, Powder KE. Neural crest cells as a source of microevolutionary variation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 145:42-51. [PMID: 35718684 PMCID: PMC10482117 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrates have some of the most complex and diverse features in animals, from varied craniofacial morphologies to colorful pigmentation patterns and elaborate social behaviors. All of these traits have their developmental origins in a multipotent embryonic lineage of neural crest cells. This "fourth germ layer" is a vertebrate innovation and the source of a wide range of adult cell types. While others have discussed the role of neural crest cells in human disease and animal domestication, less is known about their role in contributing to adaptive changes in wild populations. Here, we review how variation in the development of neural crest cells and their derivatives generates considerable phenotypic diversity in nature. We focus on the broad span of traits under natural and sexual selection whose variation may originate in the neural crest, with emphasis on behavioral factors such as intraspecies communication that are often overlooked. In all, we encourage the integration of evolutionary ecology with developmental biology and molecular genetics to gain a more complete understanding of the role of this single cell type in trait covariation, evolutionary trajectories, and vertebrate diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Allyson Brandon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Daniela Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kara E Powder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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4
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Thaler R, Yoshizaki K, Nguyen T, Fukumoto S, Den Besten P, Bikle DD, Oda Y. Mediator 1 ablation induces enamel-to-hair lineage conversion in mice through enhancer dynamics. Commun Biol 2023; 6:766. [PMID: 37479880 PMCID: PMC10362024 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal cell fate is postulated to be primarily determined by the local tissue microenvironment. Here, we find that Mediator 1 (Med1) dependent epigenetic mechanisms dictate tissue-specific lineage commitment and progression of dental epithelia. Deletion of Med1, a key component of the Mediator complex linking enhancer activities to gene transcription, provokes a tissue extrinsic lineage shift, causing hair generation in incisors. Med1 deficiency gives rise to unusual hair growth via primitive cellular aggregates. Mechanistically, we find that MED1 establishes super-enhancers that control enamel lineage transcription factors in dental stem cells and their progenies. However, Med1 deficiency reshapes the enhancer landscape and causes a switch from the dental transcriptional program towards hair and epidermis on incisors in vivo, and in dental epithelial stem cells in vitro. Med1 loss also provokes an increase in the number and size of enhancers. Interestingly, control dental epithelia already exhibit enhancers for hair and epidermal key transcription factors; these transform into super-enhancers upon Med1 loss suggesting that these epigenetic mechanisms cause the shift towards epidermal and hair lineages. Thus, we propose a role for Med1 in safeguarding lineage specific enhancers, highlight the central role of enhancer accessibility in lineage reprogramming and provide insights into ectodermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thai Nguyen
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Oda
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Mitsiadis TA, Pagella P, Capellini TD, Smith MM. The Notch-mediated circuitry in the evolution and generation of new cell lineages: the tooth model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:182. [PMID: 37330998 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an ancient, evolutionary conserved intercellular signaling mechanism that is involved in cell fate specification and proper embryonic development. The Jagged2 gene, which encodes a ligand for the Notch family of receptors, is expressed from the earliest stages of odontogenesis in epithelial cells that will later generate the enamel-producing ameloblasts. Homozygous Jagged2 mutant mice exhibit abnormal tooth morphology and impaired enamel deposition. Enamel composition and structure in mammals are tightly linked to the enamel organ that represents an evolutionary unit formed by distinct dental epithelial cell types. The physical cooperativity between Notch ligands and receptors suggests that Jagged2 deletion could alter the expression profile of Notch receptors, thus modifying the whole Notch signaling cascade in cells within the enamel organ. Indeed, both Notch1 and Notch2 expression are severely disturbed in the enamel organ of Jagged2 mutant teeth. It appears that the deregulation of the Notch signaling cascade reverts the evolutionary path generating dental structures more reminiscent of the enameloid of fishes rather than of mammalian enamel. Loss of interactions between Notch and Jagged proteins may initiate the suppression of complementary dental epithelial cell fates acquired during evolution. We propose that the increased number of Notch homologues in metazoa enabled incipient sister cell types to form and maintain distinctive cell fates within organs and tissues along evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM) and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköpings Universitet, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Moya Meredith Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Wei R, Guo S, Meng Z, Li Z, Liu J, Hu L, Sui L. Mediator1 involved in functional integration of Smad3 and Notch1 promoting enamel mineralization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:47-53. [PMID: 37119765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Enamel hypoplasia is a tooth development defection due to the disruption of enamel matrix mineralization, manifesting as chalky white phenotype. Multiple genes may be involved in this tooth agenesis. It has been proved that ablation of coactivator Mediator1 (Med1) switches the cell fate of dental epithelia, resulting in abnormal tooth development via Notch1 signaling. Smad3 (-/-) mice displays the similar chalky white incisors. However, the expression of Smad3 in Med1 ablation mice and the impact of Med1 on functional integration between Smad3 and Notch1 remains unclear. Cre-loxP-based C57/BL6 mice with epithelial-specific Med1 knockout (Med1 KO) backgrounds were generated. Mandibles and dental epithelial stem cells (DE-SCs) from incisors cervical loop (CL) were isolated from wild-type (CON) mice and Med1 KO mice. Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the differences of CL tissue between KO and CON mice. The results revealed the enrichment of TGF-β signaling pathway. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to show the gene and protein expression of Smad3, pSmad3, Notch1 and NICD, the key regulators of TGF-β and Notch1 signaling pathway. Expression of Notch1 and Smad3 was confirmed to be down-regulated in Med1 KO cells. Using activators of Smad3 and Notch1 on Med1 KO cells, both pSmad3 and NICD were rescued. Moreover, adding inhibitors and activators of Smad3 and Notch1 to cells of CON groups respectively, the protein expressions of Smad3, pSmad3, Notch1 and NICD were synergistically affected. In summary, Med1 participates in the functional integration of Smad3 and Notch1, thus promoting enamel mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300014, China.
| | - Shuling Guo
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300014, China.
| | - Zhaosong Meng
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300014, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300014, China.
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300014, China.
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300014, China.
| | - Lei Sui
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300014, China.
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7
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Adam10-dependent Notch signaling establishes dental epithelial cell boundaries required for enamel formation. iScience 2022; 25:105154. [PMID: 36193048 PMCID: PMC9526176 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The disintegrin and metalloproteinase Adam10 is a membrane-bound sheddase that regulates Notch signaling and ensures epidermal integrity. To address the function of Adam10 in the continuously growing incisors, we used Keratin14Cre/+;Adam10fl/fl transgenic mice, in which Adam10 is conditionally deleted in the dental epithelium. Keratin14Cre/+;Adam10fl/fl mice exhibited severe abnormalities, including defective enamel formation reminiscent of human enamel pathologies. Histological analyses of mutant incisors revealed absence of stratum intermedium, and severe disorganization of enamel-secreting ameloblasts. In situ hybridization and immunostaining analyses in the Keratin14Cre/+;Adam10fl/fl incisors showed strong Notch1 downregulation in dental epithelium and ectopic distribution of enamel-specific molecules, including ameloblastin and amelogenin. Lineage tracing studies using Notch1CreERT2;R26mT/mG mice demonstrated that loss of the stratum intermedium cells was due to their fate switch toward the ameloblast lineage. Overall, our data reveal that in the continuously growing incisors the Adam10/Notch axis controls dental epithelial cell boundaries, cell fate switch and proper enamel formation. ADAM10 deletion in the dental epithelium causes the formation of defective enamel ADAM10 deletion leads to loss of stratum intermedium and Notch1 expression ADAM10 deletion leads to stratum intermedium-to-ameloblast cell fate switch
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8
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Qin R, Cui Z, Zhou H, Guo R, Yao X, Wang T, Qin X, He X. Effect of lentivirus-mediated BMP2 from autologous tooth on the proliferative and osteogenic capacity of human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:869-879. [PMID: 35730345 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a chronic progressive inflammation that invades periodontal supporting tissues, in which periodontal tissue regeneration engineering offers new hope for prevention and treatment, including seed cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. In recent years, scholars have shown that autologous teeth can be used as new bone tissue repair materials for periodontal regeneration and bone tissue repair. The aim of this study was to establish a human periodontal ligament cell line that expresses the human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene (BMP2) in a stable manner using lentiviral mediation in order to explore the effect of BMP2 from autologous tooth on the proliferative and osteogenic capacity of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured, subcultured, and identified, and then homologous recombinant lentivirus plasmid plv-BMP2 was constructed and transfected into the third passage (P3 ) hPDLCs. After that, the effect of BMP2 on its proliferation was detected by CCK-8, at the same time, the osteogenic induction of hPDLCs was carried out at 7, 14, and 21 days, and then the effect of BMP2 on its osteogenic ability was detected by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity determination, and the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic-related genes using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, including alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and collagen I. Finally, spss26.0 software was used for statistical processing. RESULTS The results showed that cells transfected with the homologous recombinant lentiviral plasmid pLV-BMP2 had a similar morphology to normal hPDLCs, showing a typical radial arrangement; the cell proliferative capacity of the pLV-BMP2 group as measured by CCK-8 was enhanced compared with the control group and the pLV-puro group (p < .05); alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assay showed that the osteogenic ability of pLV-BMP2 was significantly enhanced compared with the control and pLV-puro groups (p < .01), and the findings of real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR showed high expression of osteogenic-related genes in pLV-BMP2 group (p < .01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a stable periodontal ligament cell line overexpressing BMP2 was successfully established by a lentivirus-mediated method, which proved that BMP2 has a strong ability to promote the proliferation and osteogenesis of hPDLCs, thereby providing an opportunity for the study of periodontal tissue regeneration as well as providing an experimental basis for the application of autologous teeth as a new type of bone repair material for periodontal therapy and even for maxillofacial bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshan Qin
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ziwei Cui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuanxuan Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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9
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Iwata K, Kawarabayashi K, Yoshizaki K, Tian T, Saito K, Sugimoto A, Kurogoushi R, Yamada A, Yamamoto A, Kudo Y, Ishimaru N, Fukumoto S, Iwamoto T. von Willebrand factor D and EGF domains regulate ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1964-1979. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kokoro Iwata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Keita Kawarabayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Section, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Section, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kan Saito
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry Division Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Asuna Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Rika Kurogoushi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry Division Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan
| | - Yasuei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Pediatric Dentistry Division Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
- Pediatric Dentistry Section, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
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10
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Mao C, Lai Y, Liao C, Chen J, Hong Y, Ren C, Wang C, Lu M, Chen W. Revitalizing mouse diphyodontic dentition formation by inhibiting the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:759-776. [PMID: 34719835 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth regeneration depends on the longevity of the dental epithelial lamina. However, the exact mechanism of dental lamina regression has not yet been clarified. To explore the role of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in regression process of the rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) in mice, we orally administered a single dose of a Shh signaling pathway inhibitor to pregnant mice between embryonic day 13.0 (E13.0) and E17.0. RESULTS We observed that the Shh signaling pathway inhibitor effectively inhibited the expression of Shh signaling pathway components and revitalized RSDL during E15.0-E17.0 by promoting cell proliferation. In addition, mRNA-seq, reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that diphyodontic dentition formation might be related to FGF signal up-regulation and the Sostdc1-Wnt negative feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicated that the Shh signaling pathway may play an initial role in preventing further development of mouse RSDL in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyan Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Pagella P, de Vargas Roditi L, Stadlinger B, Moor AE, Mitsiadis TA. Notch signaling in the dynamics of perivascular stem cells and their niches. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1433-1445. [PMID: 34227747 PMCID: PMC8459638 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a fundamental regulator of cell fate determination in homeostasis and regeneration. In this work, we aimed to determine how Notch signaling mediates the interactions between perivascular stem cells and their niches in human dental mesenchymal tissues, both in homeostatic and regenerative conditions. By single cell RNA sequencing analysis, we showed that perivascular cells across the dental pulp and periodontal human tissues all express NOTCH3, and that these cells are important for the response to traumatic injuries in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. We further showed that the behavior of perivascular NOTCH3‐expressing stem cells could be modulated by cellular and molecular cues deriving from their microenvironments. Taken together, the present studies, reinforced by single‐cell analysis, reveal the pivotal importance of Notch signaling in the crosstalk between perivascular stem cells and their niches in tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura de Vargas Roditi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Pagella P, de Vargas Roditi L, Stadlinger B, Moor AE, Mitsiadis TA. A single-cell atlas of human teeth. iScience 2021; 24:102405. [PMID: 33997688 PMCID: PMC8099559 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth exert fundamental functions related to mastication and speech. Despite their great biomedical importance, an overall picture of their cellular and molecular composition is still missing. In this study, we have mapped the transcriptional landscape of the various cell populations that compose human teeth at single-cell resolution, and we analyzed in deeper detail their stem cell populations and their microenvironment. Our study identified great cellular heterogeneity in the dental pulp and the periodontium. Unexpectedly, we found that the molecular signatures of the stem cell populations were very similar, while their respective microenvironments strongly diverged. Our findings suggest that the microenvironmental specificity is a potential source for functional differences between highly similar stem cells located in the various tooth compartments and open new perspectives toward cell-based dental therapeutic approaches. Dental atlas of the pulp and periodontal tissues of human teeth Identification of three common MSC subclusters between dental pulp and periodontium Dental pulp and periodontal MSCs are similar, and their niches diverge
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E. Moor
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Thimios A. Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
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13
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Comparative Numerical Analysis between Two Types of Orthodontic Wire for the Lingual Technique, Using the Finite Element Method. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:6658039. [PMID: 33833825 PMCID: PMC8018868 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lingual orthodontic technique, there are two paradigms regarding the type of wire used. Regardless of the material or gauge, some orthodontists choose to use the straight wire and resin and bond it to the surface of the tooth; they call it compensations. Other orthodontists prefer to bend the wire, giving it a mushroom shape. There is no specific indication for the use of each type of wire, so orthodontists use them according to their criteria. The present study establishes the bases so that it is possible to find the indications for each type of wire. A clinical trial of a lingual orthodontic patient was used. To carry out the comparative study, a straight arch was placed in his right arch and a mushroom arch in the left arch. Using 3D imaging, a high-biofidelity biomodel of the patient's mandible was generated, with which the FEM analysis was performed, which allowed comparing the reactions of the mandibular bone and appliances with the different arches. It was found that, on the side with the straight arch, there were greater deformations, and in the mushroom arch, there were greater stresses. With this, it is possible to find which clinical cases in each type of wire are indicated.
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Distinct Expression Patterns of Cxcl12 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niches of Intact and Injured Rodent Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063024. [PMID: 33809663 PMCID: PMC8002260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific stem cell populations within dental mesenchymal tissues guarantee tooth homeostasis and regeneration throughout life. The decision between renewal and differentiation of stem cells is greatly influenced by interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules that form the tissue specific stem cell niches. The Cxcl12 chemokine is a general marker of stromal cells and plays fundamental roles in the maintenance, mobilization and migration of stem cells. The aim of this study was to exploit Cxcl12-GFP transgenic mice to study the expression patterns of Cxcl12 in putative dental niches of intact and injured teeth. We showed that endothelial and stromal cells expressed Cxcl12 in the dental pulp tissue of both intact molars and incisors. Isolated non-endothelial Cxcl12+ dental pulp cells cultured in different conditions in vitro exhibited expression of both adipogenic and osteogenic markers, thus suggesting that these cells possess multipotent fates. Taken together, our results show that Cxcl12 is widely expressed in intact and injured teeth and highlight its importance as a key component of the various dental mesenchymal stem cell niches.
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15
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Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Bikle DD, Oda Y. Transcriptional Regulation of Dental Epithelial Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238952. [PMID: 33255698 PMCID: PMC7728066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is hardest tissue in the body and is produced by dental epithelial cells residing in the tooth. Their cell fates are tightly controlled by transcriptional programs that are facilitated by fate determining transcription factors and chromatin regulators. Understanding the transcriptional program controlling dental cell fate is critical for our efforts to build and repair teeth. In this review, we describe the current understanding of these regulators essential for regeneration of dental epithelial stem cells and progeny, which are identified through transgenic mouse models. We first describe the development and morphogenesis of mouse dental epithelium in which different subpopulations of epithelia such as ameloblasts contribute to enamel formation. Then, we describe the function of critical factors in stem cells or progeny to drive enamel lineages. We also show that gene mutations of these factors are associated with dental anomalies in craniofacial diseases in humans. We also describe the function of the master regulators to govern dental lineages, in which the genetic removal of each factor switches dental cell fate to that generating hair. The distinct and related mechanisms responsible for the lineage plasticity are discussed. This knowledge will lead us to develop a potential tool for bioengineering new teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Yuko Oda
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Exploiting teeth as a model to study basic features of signaling pathways. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2729-2742. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Teeth constitute a classical model for the study of signaling pathways and their roles in mediating interactions between cells and tissues in organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. Rodent teeth are mostly used as experimental models. Rodent molars have proved fundamental in the study of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and embryonic organ morphogenesis, as well as to faithfully model human diseases affecting dental tissues. The continuously growing rodent incisor is an excellent tool for the investigation of the mechanisms regulating stem cells dynamics in homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the use of teeth as a model to investigate signaling pathways, providing an overview of the many unique experimental approaches offered by this organ. We discuss how complex networks of signaling pathways modulate the various aspects of tooth biology, and the models used to obtain this knowledge. Finally, we introduce new experimental approaches that allow the study of more complex interactions, such as the crosstalk between dental tissues, innervation and vascularization.
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17
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Söderholm S, Cantù C. The WNT/β‐catenin dependent transcription: A tissue‐specific business. WIREs Mech Dis 2020; 13:e1511. [PMID: 33085215 PMCID: PMC9285942 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signaling is an ancient cell‐communication pathway in which β‐catenin drives the expression of certain genes as a consequence of the trigger given by extracellular WNT molecules. The events occurring from signal to transcription are evolutionarily conserved, and their final output orchestrates countless processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a dysfunctional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway causes developmental malformations, and its aberrant activation is the root of several types of cancer. A rich literature describes the multitude of nuclear players that cooperate with β‐catenin to generate a transcriptional program. However, a unified theory of how β‐catenin drives target gene expression is still missing. We will discuss two types of β‐catenin interactors: transcription factors that allow β‐catenin to localize at target regions on the DNA, and transcriptional co‐factors that ultimately activate gene expression. In contrast to the presumed universality of β‐catenin's action, the ensemble of available evidence suggests a view in which β‐catenin drives a complex system of responses in different cells and tissues. A malleable armamentarium of players might interact with β‐catenin in order to activate the right “canonical” targets in each tissue, developmental stage, or disease context. Discovering the mechanism by which each tissue‐specific β‐catenin response is executed will be crucial to comprehend how a seemingly universal pathway fosters a wide spectrum of processes during development and homeostasis. Perhaps more importantly, this could ultimately inform us about which are the tumor‐specific components that need to be targeted to dampen the activity of oncogenic β‐catenin. This article is categorized under:Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cancer > Stem Cells and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Health Science Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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18
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Maeda H. Mass acquisition of human periodontal ligament stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1023-1031. [PMID: 33033562 PMCID: PMC7524700 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an essential fibrous tissue for tooth retention in the alveolar bone socket. PDL tissue further functions to cushion occlusal force, maintain alveolar bone height, allow orthodontic tooth movement, and connect tooth roots with bone. Severe periodontitis, deep caries, and trauma cause irreversible damage to this tissue, eventually leading to tooth loss through the destruction of tooth retention. Many patients suffer from these diseases worldwide, and its prevalence increases with age. To address this issue, regenerative medicine for damaged PDL tissue as well as the surrounding tissues has been extensively investigated regarding the potential and effectiveness of stem cells, scaffolds, and cytokines as well as their combined applications. In particular, PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) have been well studied. In this review, I discuss comprehensive studies on PDLSCs performed in vivo and contemporary reports focusing on the acquisition of large numbers of PDLSCs for therapeutic applications because of the very small number of PDLSCs available in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
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19
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Chen G, Tang Q, Yu S, Xie Y, Sun J, Li S, Chen L. The biological function of BMAL1 in skeleton development and disorders. Life Sci 2020; 253:117636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Innervation plays a key role in the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of organs and tissues. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not well understood yet. In particular, the role of innervation in tooth development and regeneration is neglected. Cocultures constitute a valuable method to investigate and manipulate the interactions between nerve fibers and teeth in a controlled and isolated environment. Microfluidic systems for allow cocultures of neurons and different cell types in their appropriate culture media, while permitting the passage of axons from one compartment to the other. Here we describe how to isolate and coculture developing trigeminal ganglia and tooth germs in a microfluidic coculture system. This protocol describes a simple and flexible way to coculture ganglia/nerves and their target tissues and to study the roles of specific molecules on such interactions in a controlled and isolated environment.
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21
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Ameloblastomas Exhibit Stem Cell Potential, Possess Neurotrophic Properties, and Establish Connections with Trigeminal Neurons. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030644. [PMID: 32155948 PMCID: PMC7140461 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastomas are locally invasive and aggressive odontogenic tumors treated via surgical resection, which results in facial deformity and significant morbidity. Few studies have addressed the cellular and molecular events of ameloblastoma onset and progression, thus hampering the development of non-invasive therapeutic approaches. Tumorigenesis is driven by a plethora of factors, among which innervation has been long neglected. Recent findings have shown that innervation directly promotes tumor progression. On this basis, we investigated the molecular characteristics and neurotrophic properties of human ameloblastomas. Our results showed that ameloblastomas express dental epithelial stem cell markers, as well as components of the Notch signaling pathway, indicating persistence of stemness. We demonstrated that ameloblastomas express classical stem cell markers, exhibit stem cell potential, and form spheres. These tumors express also molecules of the Notch signaling pathway, fundamental for stem cells and their fate. Additionally, we showed that ameloblastomas express the neurotrophic factors NGF and BDNF, as well as their receptors TRKA, TRKB, and P75/NGFR, which are responsible for their innervation by trigeminal axons in vivo. In vitro studies using microfluidic devices showed that ameloblastoma cells attract and form connections with these nerves. Innervation of ameloblastomas might play a key role in the onset of this malignancy and might represent a promising target for non-invasive pharmacological interventions.
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22
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Tissue Engineering Approaches for Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp Regeneration: An Update. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5734539. [PMID: 32184832 PMCID: PMC7060883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5734539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells are undifferentiated cells characterized by their exclusive ability for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. In recent years, researchers and investigations explored the prospect of employing stem/progenitor cell therapy in regenerative medicine, especially stem/progenitor cells originating from the oral tissues. In this context, the regeneration of the lost dental tissues including enamel, dentin, and the dental pulp are pivotal targets for stem/progenitor cell therapy. The present review elaborates on the different sources of stem/progenitor cells and their potential clinical applications to regenerate enamel, dentin, and the dental pulpal tissues.
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23
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Zhao M, Wang Y, Li G, Li J, Yang K, Liu C, Wen X, Song J. The role and potential mechanism of p75NTR in mineralization via in vivo p75NTR knockout mice and in vitro ectomesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12758. [PMID: 31922317 PMCID: PMC7048213 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role and potential mechanism of p75NTR in mineralization in vivo using p75NTR-knockout mice and in vitro using ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Femur bone mass and daily incisor mineralization speed were assessed in an in vivo p75NTR-knockout mouse model. The molecular signatures alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (Col1), melanoma-associated antigen (Mage)-D1, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), distal-less homeobox 1 (Dlx1) and Msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) were examined in vitro in EMSCs isolated from p75NTR+/+ and p75NTRExIII-/- mice. RESULTS p75NTR-knockout mice were smaller in body size than heterozygous and wild-type mice. Micro-computed tomography and structural quantification showed that the osteogenic ability of p75NTRExIII -knockout mice was significantly decreased compared with that of wild-type mice (P < .05). Weaker ALP and alizarin red staining and reduced expression of ALP, Col1, Runx2, BSP, OCN and OPN were also observed in p75NTRExIII-/- EMSCs. Moreover, the distance between calcein fluorescence bands in p75NTRExIII -knockout mice was significantly smaller than that in wild type and heterozygous mice (P < .05), indicating the lower daily mineralization speed of incisors in p75NTRExIII -knockout mice. Further investigation revealed a positive correlation between p75NTR and Mage-D1, Dlx1, and Msx1. CONCLUSION p75NTR not only promotes osteogenic differentiation and tissue mineralization, but also shows a possible relationship with the circadian rhythm of dental hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhu Zhao
- College of StomatologyChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- College of StomatologyChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of StomatologyDaping Hospital & Research Institute of SurgeryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of OrthodonticsHospital of StomatologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of StomatologyChongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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24
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Jimenez-Rojo L, Pagella P, Harada H, Mitsiadis TA. Dental Epithelial Stem Cells as a Source for Mammary Gland Regeneration and Milk Producing Cells In Vivo. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101302. [PMID: 31652655 PMCID: PMC6830078 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous growth of rodent incisors is ensured by clusters of mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells that are located at the posterior part of these teeth. Genetic lineage tracing studies have shown that dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) are able to generate all epithelial cell populations within incisors during homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether these cells have the ability to adopt alternative fates in response to extrinsic factors. Here, we have studied the plasticity of DESCs in the context of mammary gland regeneration. Transplantation of DESCs together with mammary epithelial cells into the mammary stroma resulted in the formation of chimeric ductal epithelial structures in which DESCs adopted all the possible mammary fates including milk-producing alveolar cells. In addition, when transplanted without mammary epithelial cells, DESCs developed branching rudiments and cysts. These in vivo findings demonstrate that when outside their niche, DESCs redirect their fates according to their new microenvironment and thus can contribute to the regeneration of non-dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Jimenez-Rojo
- Department of Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Department of Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University Yahaba, Morioka 020-0023, Japan.
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Department of Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Mitsiadis TA. Emerging Trends and Promises in Orofacial Cancers. Front Physiol 2019; 10:679. [PMID: 31191362 PMCID: PMC6549536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Longridge NN, Youngson CC. Dental Pain: Dentine Sensitivity, Hypersensitivity and Cracked Tooth Syndrome. Prim Dent J 2019; 8:44-51. [PMID: 31122331 DOI: 10.1177/205016841900800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dentine hypersensitivity is a frequently encountered patient complaint that can present with a number of associated factors including erosion and abrasion. the hydrodynamic mechanism responsible for dentine hypersensitivity is intimately related to the anatomical and physiological composition of teeth. Alterations to the integrity of the enamel and dentine through processes of trauma, decay and toothwear can increase dentine permeability. This gives rise to symptoms of sensitivity as dentinal fluid movement in response to thermal, chemical and mechanical cues stimulate the pulpal Aδ fibres. Restorative procedures can also rapidly change the architecture of the protective enamel and dentine layers leading to pulpal inflammation and increased thermal sensitivity of the tooth.<br/> Patient-reported symptoms of dentine hypersensitivity can be attributed to a number of possible causes and a definitive diagnosis can therefore be difficult. A full history including social and medical factors such as occupation, diet and/or medication is likely to provide significant information to aid a diagnosis. Consideration of occlusal factors should not be overlooked as these may contribute to symptoms arising from a cracked tooth.<br/> Management strategies are linked to the diagnosis - from topically applied desensitising pastes and resin bonding agents to direct restorations and possibly more advanced restorative procedures such as root canal treatment. Management should, however, be staged to enable more conservative strategies to prevail prior to considering irreversible dental interventions.
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27
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Porcheri C, Meisel CT, Mitsiadis T. Multifactorial Contribution of Notch Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1520. [PMID: 30917608 PMCID: PMC6471940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) defines a group of solid tumors originating from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, pharynx, larynx, mouth, and nasal cavity. It has a metastatic evolution and poor prognosis and is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with 600,000 new cases reported every year. HNSCC heterogeneity and complexity is reflected in a multistep progression, involving crosstalk between several molecular pathways. The Notch pathway is associated with major events supporting cancerogenic evolution: cell proliferation, self-renewal, angiogenesis, and preservation of a pro-oncogenic microenvironment. Additionally, Notch is pivotal in tumor development and plays a dual role acting as both oncogene and tumor suppressor. In this review, we summarize the role of the Notch pathway in HNSCC, with a special focus on its compelling role in major events of tumor initiation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Porcheri
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Thomas Meisel
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thimios Mitsiadis
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Sudiwala S, Knox SM. The emerging role of cranial nerves in shaping craniofacial development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23282. [PMID: 30628162 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organs and structures of the vertebrate head perform a plethora of tasks including visualization, digestion, vocalization/communication, auditory functions, and respiration in response to neuronal input. This input is primarily derived from afferent and efferent fibers of the cranial nerves (sensory and motor respectively) and efferent fibers of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Despite their essential contribution to the function and integration of processes necessary for survival, how organ innervation is established remains poorly understood. Furthermore, while it has been appreciated for some time that innervation of organs by cranial nerves is regulated in part by secreted factors and cell surface ligands expressed by those organs, whether nerves also regulate the development of facial organs is only beginning to be elucidated. This review will provide an overview of cranial nerve development in relation to the organs they innervate, and outline their known contributions to craniofacial development, thereby providing insight into how nerves may shape the organs they innervate during development. Throughout, the interaction between different cell and tissue types will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sudiwala
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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29
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Zhao M, Wen X, Li G, Ju Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Song J. The spatiotemporal expression and mineralization regulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor in the early tooth development. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12523. [PMID: 30357966 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal expression and potential role of p75NTR in tooth morphogenesis and tissue mineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dynamic morphology of the four stages (from the beginning of E12.5 d, then E13.5 d and E15.5 d, to the end of E18.5 d) was observed, and the expressions of p75NTR and Runx2 were traced. The ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) were harvested in vitro, and the biological characteristics were observed. Moreover, the mineralization capability of EMSCs was evaluated. The relations between p75NTR and ALP, Col-1 and Runx2 were investigated. RESULTS The morphologic results showed that the dental lamina appeared at E12.5 d, the bud stage at E13.5 d, the cap stage at E15.5 d and the bell stage at E18.5 d. p75NTR and Runx2 showed the similar expression pattern. EMSCs from the four stages showed no significant difference in proliferation. But the positive rate of p75NTR in the E12.5 d cells was significantly lower than that in the other three stages (P < 0.05). Moreover, the higher positive rate of p75NTR the cells were, the stronger mineralization capability they showed. p75NTR was well positively correlated with the mineralization-related markers ALP, Col-1 and Runx2, which increased gradually with the mature of dental germs. CONCLUSION p75NTR might play an important role in the regulation of tooth morphogenesis, especially dental hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhu Zhao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiujie Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Orsini G, Pagella P, Putignano A, Mitsiadis TA. Novel Biological and Technological Platforms for Dental Clinical Use. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1102. [PMID: 30135661 PMCID: PMC6092501 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human teeth have a limited capacity to regenerate and thus biological reconstruction of damaged or lost dental tissues remains a significant challange in modern dentistry. Recent efforts focus on alternative therapeutic approaches for partial or whole tooth regeneration that complement traditional dental treatments using sophisticated materials and dental implants. These multidisciplinary approaches are based on the combination of stem cells with advanced tissue engineer products and computing technology, and they hold great promise for future applications in dentistry. The administration to patients of dynamic biological agents composed by stem cells and scaffolds will certainly increase the regenerative capacity of dental pathological tissues. The design of innovative materials for tissue restoration, diagnostics, imaging, and targeted pharmaceutical treatment will significantly improve the quality of dental care and will have a major societal impact. This review depicts the current challenges in dentistry and describes the possibilities for novel and succesful therapeutic applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Orsini
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Thimios A. Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kulakov AA, Goldshtein DV, Krechina EK, Bukharova TB, Volkov AV, Gadzhiev AK. [Regeneration of dental pulp tissue using pulpal autologous mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2018; 96:12-16. [PMID: 29260758 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201796612-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of pulp and dentin could be important in operative dentistry as a method to save teeth. Currently cell population from dental pulp of deciduous and permanent teeth of humans and laboratory animals are isolated and characterized. The paper presents a study on pulp regeneration using autologous mesenchymal stromal cells from pulp of molars in combination with fibrin clot, transplanted in pulp chamber of miniature pigs after pulp removal. The results proved that transplantation of autologous multipotent stromal cells of dental pulp in combination with autologous platelet-rich plasma in pulp chamber of miniature pigs after pulp removal leads to pulp restoration and reparative dentinogenesis with dentinal bridge formation on the 30th day. However, the completion of regeneration also results in a decrease in the pulp chamber volume due to the neodentin bedding. Tissue regeneration of dental pulp by direct pulp capping in the absence of inflammatory processes is a promising direction of the use of cellular technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kulakov
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E K Krechina
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - T B Bukharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Volkov
- N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Centre of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Gadzhiev
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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Wang F, Wu Z, Fan Z, Wu T, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang S. The cell re-association-based whole-tooth regeneration strategies in large animal, Sus scrofa. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12479. [PMID: 30028040 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whole-tooth regeneration for tooth loss has long been a goal of dentistry. There is also an increasing demand to carry out pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo research methods in large animal model similar to human. The miniature pig has proven to be an alternative as a large mammal model owing to its many similarities to human. However, whole-tooth regeneration in large animal remains a challenge. Here, we investigated the feasibility of cell re-association-based whole-tooth regeneration in miniature pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single cells from the forth deciduous molar germs (p4) of pig were reconstituted to bioengineered tooth bud using different treatment for in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation in mouse subrenal capsules and jawbones. RESULTS The bioengineered tooth bud from re-aggregated epithelial to mesenchymal single cells with and without compartmentalization restored the morphogenesis, interactions or self-sorting between 2 cells in vitro culture. The pig bioengineered tooth bud transplanted in mouse subrenal capsules and jawbones restored odontogenesis and developed into large size tooth. CONCLUSIONS We characterized the morphogenesis and interaction of single-tooth germ cells in vitro, and first addressed efficient long-term survival and growth through transplantation of pig bioengineered tooth bud under mouse subrenal capsules or in mouse jawbones, where it can develop into large size tooth. Our study extends the feasibility of whole-tooth regeneration in large animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy & Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Numerical Analysis of Masticatory Forces on a Lower First Molar considering the Contact between Dental Tissues. Appl Bionics Biomech 2018; 2018:4196343. [PMID: 29849758 PMCID: PMC5914157 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4196343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to identify the reactions of the dental organs to the different forces that occur during chewing and the transcendence of the union and contact maintained by the dental tissues. The study used a lower first molar biomodel with a real morphology and morphometry and consisting of the three dental tissues (enamel, dentin, and pulp) each with its mechanical properties. In it, two simulations were carried out, as would the process of chewing a food. One of the simulations considers the contact between the enamel and the dentin, and the other does not take it into account. The results obtained differ significantly between the simulations that consider contact and those that do not, establishing the importance of taking this contact into account. In this way, the theories that establish horizontal and lateral occlusion forces are present during the functional chewing process which are viable to be correct. The case studies carried out present not only the reasons for the failure of enamel but also the failure of the restoration materials used. This reflection will allow the development of more adequate materials, mechanical design of prostheses, implants, and treatment.
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Thekkeparambil Chandrabose S, Sriram S, Subramanian S, Cheng S, Ong WK, Rozen S, Kasim NHA, Sugii S. Amenable epigenetic traits of dental pulp stem cells underlie high capability of xeno-free episomal reprogramming. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:68. [PMID: 29559008 PMCID: PMC5859503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a shift towards non-viral and animal component-free methods of generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is preferred for safer clinical applications, there is still a shortage of reliable cell sources and protocols for efficient reprogramming. METHODS Here, we show a robust episomal and xeno-free reprogramming strategy for human iPS generation from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which renders good efficiency (0.19%) over a short time frame (13-18 days). RESULTS The robustness of DPSCs as starting cells for iPS induction is found due to their exceptional inherent stemness properties, developmental origin from neural crest cells, specification for tissue commitment, and differentiation capability. To investigate the epigenetic basis for the high reprogramming efficiency of DPSCs, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and found that the epigenetic signature of DPSCs associated with pluripotent, developmental, and ecto-mesenchymal genes is relatively close to that of iPS and embryonic stem (ES) cells. Among these genes, it is found that overexpression of PAX9 and knockdown of HERV-FRD improved the efficiencies of iPS generation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study provides underlying epigenetic mechanisms that establish a robust platform for efficient generation of iPS cells from DPSCs, facilitating industrial and clinical use of iPS technology for therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Sriram
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Subha Subramanian
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wee Kiat Ong
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Malaysia, 79200, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Steve Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group (FMSCG), Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine (LMM), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Helios, Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore, 138667, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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DNA methylation profile is associated with the osteogenic potential of three distinct human odontogenic stem cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018. [PMID: 29527327 PMCID: PMC5837092 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-017-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various sources of human autologous stem cells, stem cells isolated from dental tissues exhibit excellent properties in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the distinct potential of these odontogenic cell lines remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation patterns to determine whether specific differences existed among three different odontogenic cell types. Using the HumanMethylation450 Beadchip, the whole genomes of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs) were compared. Then, the osteogenic potential of these cells was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, and the methylation levels of certain genes related to bone formation differed among the three cell lines. P values less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. The three cell types showed highly similar DNA methylation patterns, although specific differences were identified. Gene ontology analysis revealed that one of the most significantly different gene categories was related to bone formation. Thus, expression of cell surface epitopes and osteogenic-related transcription factors as well as the bone formation capacity were compared. The results showed that compared with DFPCs and DPSCs, PDLSCs had higher transcription levels of osteogenic-related factors, a higher in vitro osteogenic potential, and an increased new bone formation capacity in vivo. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the differential DNA methylation profiles could be related to the osteogenic potential of these human odontogenic cell populations. Additionally, the increased osteogenic potential of PDLSCs might aid researchers or clinicians in making better choices regarding tissue regeneration and clinical therapies.
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Mitsiadis TA, Pagella P, Cantù C. Early Determination of the Periodontal Domain by the Wnt-Antagonist Frzb/Sfrp3. Front Physiol 2017; 8:936. [PMID: 29209231 PMCID: PMC5702314 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis results from the continuous and reciprocal interaction between cells of the oral epithelium and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in mediating these interactions from the earliest stages of tooth development. Here we analyze by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of the extracellular Wnt antagonist Frzb/Sfrp3. Although Frzb is expressed in dental mesenchymal cells from the earliest stages of odontogenesis, its expression is absent from a tiny population of mesenchymal cells immediately adjacent to the invaginating dental epithelium. Cell proliferation studies using BrdU showed that the Frzb expressing and Frzb non-expressing cell populations display different proliferative behavior during the initial stages of odontogenesis. DiI-mediated cell-fate tracing studies demonstrated that the Frzb expressing cells contribute to the formation of the dental follicle, the future periodontium. In contrast, the Frzb non-expressing cells give rise to the dental pulp. The present results indicate that Frzb is discriminating the presumptive periodontal territory from the rest of the dental mesenchyme from the very beginning of odontogenesis, where it might act as a barrier for the diffusion of Wnt molecules, thus regulating the activation of Wnt-dependent transcription within dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ramanathan A, Srijaya TC, Sukumaran P, Zain RB, Abu Kasim NH. Homeobox genes and tooth development: Understanding the biological pathways and applications in regenerative dental science. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:23-39. [PMID: 29031235 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Homeobox genes are a group of conserved class of transcription factors that function as key regulators during the embryonic developmental processes. They act as master regulator for developmental genes, which involves coordinated actions of various auto and cross-regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the expression pattern of homeobox genes in relation to the tooth development and various signaling pathways or molecules contributing to the specific actions of these genes in the regulation of odontogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was undertaken using combination of keywords e.g. Homeobox genes, tooth development, dental diseases, stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, gene control region was used as search terms in PubMed and Web of Science and relevant full text articles and abstract were retrieved that were written in English. A manual hand search in text books were also carried out. Articles related to homeobox genes in dentistry and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine of odontogenesis were selected. RESULTS The possible perspective of stem cells technology in odontogenesis and subsequent analysis of gene correction pertaining to dental disorders through the possibility of induced pluripotent stem cells technology is also inferred. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the promising role of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine on odontogenesis, which can generate a new ray of hope in the field of dental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ramanathan
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Prema Sukumaran
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lacruz RS, Habelitz S, Wright JT, Paine ML. DENTAL ENAMEL FORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ORAL HEALTH AND DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:939-993. [PMID: 28468833 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or tools as well as for food processing. Enamel development and mineralization is an intricate process tightly regulated by cells of the enamel organ called ameloblasts. These heavily polarized cells form a monolayer around the developing enamel tissue and move as a single forming front in specified directions as they lay down a proteinaceous matrix that serves as a template for crystal growth. Ameloblasts maintain intercellular connections creating a semi-permeable barrier that at one end (basal/proximal) receives nutrients and ions from blood vessels, and at the opposite end (secretory/apical/distal) forms extracellular crystals within specified pH conditions. In this unique environment, ameloblasts orchestrate crystal growth via multiple cellular activities including modulating the transport of minerals and ions, pH regulation, proteolysis, and endocytosis. In many vertebrates, the bulk of the enamel tissue volume is first formed and subsequently mineralized by these same cells as they retransform their morphology and function. Cell death by apoptosis and regression are the fates of many ameloblasts following enamel maturation, and what cells remain of the enamel organ are shed during tooth eruption, or are incorporated into the tooth's epithelial attachment to the oral gingiva. In this review, we examine key aspects of dental enamel formation, from its developmental genesis to the ever-increasing wealth of data on the mechanisms mediating ionic transport, as well as the clinical outcomes resulting from abnormal ameloblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Timothy Wright
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael L Paine
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Mitsiadis TA, Catón J, Pagella P, Orsini G, Jimenez-Rojo L. Monitoring Notch Signaling-Associated Activation of Stem Cell Niches within Injured Dental Pulp. Front Physiol 2017; 8:372. [PMID: 28611689 PMCID: PMC5447770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem/progenitor cells guarantee tooth homeostasis, repair and regeneration throughout life. The decision between renewal and differentiation of these cells is influenced by physical and molecular interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules forming the specialized microenvironment of dental pulp stem cell niches. Here we study the activation of putative pulp niches after tooth injury through the upregulation of Notch signaling pathway. Notch1, Notch2, and Notch3 molecules were used as markers of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells. Upon dental injury, Notch1 and Notch3 are detected in cells related to vascular structures suggesting a role of these proteins in the activation of specific pulpal perivascular niches. In contrast, a population of Notch2-positive cells that are actively proliferative is observed in the apical part of the pulp. Kinetics of these cells is followed up with a lipophilic DiI labeling, showing that apical pulp cells migrate toward the injury site where dynamic regenerative/repair events occur. The knowledge of the activation and regulation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells within their niches in pathologic conditions may be helpful for the realization of innovative dental treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Catón
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University CEU-San PabloMadrid, Spain
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Lucia Jimenez-Rojo
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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Tsouknidas A, Jimenez-Rojo L, Karatsis E, Michailidis N, Mitsiadis TA. A Bio-Realistic Finite Element Model to Evaluate the Effect of Masticatory Loadings on Mouse Mandible-Related Tissues. Front Physiol 2017; 8:273. [PMID: 28536534 PMCID: PMC5422518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice are arguably the dominant model organisms for studies investigating the effect of genetic traits on the pathways to mammalian skull and teeth development, thus being integral in exploring craniofacial and dental evolution. The aim of this study is to analyse the functional significance of masticatory loads on the mouse mandible and identify critical stress accumulations that could trigger phenotypic and/or growth alterations in mandible-related structures. To achieve this, a 3D model of mouse skulls was reconstructed based on Micro Computed Tomography measurements. Upon segmenting the main hard tissue components of the mandible such as incisors, molars and alveolar bone, boundary conditions were assigned on the basis of the masticatory muscle architecture. The model was subjected to four loading scenarios simulating different feeding ecologies according to the hard or soft type of food and chewing or gnawing biting movement. Chewing and gnawing resulted in varying loading patterns, with biting type exerting a dominant effect on the stress variations experienced by the mandible and loading intensity correlating linearly to the stress increase. The simulation provided refined insight on the mechanobiology of the mouse mandible, indicating that food consistency could influence micro evolutionary divergence patterns in mandible shape of rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tsouknidas
- Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western MacedoniaKozani, Greece.,Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lucia Jimenez-Rojo
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolaos Michailidis
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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Mitsiadis TA, Magloire H, Pagella P. Nerve growth factor signalling in pathology and regeneration of human teeth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1327. [PMID: 28465581 PMCID: PMC5431060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key regulator of the development and differentiation of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In the present study we examined the distribution of NGF and its low and high-affinity receptors, p75NTR and TrkA respectively, in permanent human teeth under normal and pathological conditions. In intact functional teeth, NGF, p75NTR and TrkA are weakly expressed in dental pulp fibroblasts and odontoblasts that are responsible for dentine formation, while the NGF and p75NTR molecules are strongly expressed in nerve fibres innervating the dental pulp. In carious and injured teeth NGF and TrkA expression is upregulated in a selective manner in odontoblasts surrounding the injury sites, indicating a link between NGF signalling and dental tissue repair events. Accordingly, NGF and TrkA expression is strongly upregulated in cultured primary human dental mesenchymal cells during their differentiation into odontoblasts. Targeted release of NGF in cultured human tooth slices induced extensive axonal growth and migration of Schwann cells towards the NGF administration site. These results show that NGF signalling is strongly linked to pathological and regenerative processes in human teeth and suggest a potential role for this neurotrophic molecule in pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Henry Magloire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Lyon, France
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Cantù C, Pagella P, Shajiei TD, Zimmerli D, Valenta T, Hausmann G, Basler K, Mitsiadis TA. A cytoplasmic role of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional cofactors Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygopus in tooth enamel formation. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/465/eaah4598. [PMID: 28174279 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wnt-stimulated β-catenin transcriptional regulation is necessary for the development of most organs, including teeth. Bcl9 and Bcl9l are tissue-specific transcriptional cofactors that cooperate with β-catenin. In the nucleus, Bcl9 and Bcl9l simultaneously bind β-catenin and the transcriptional activator Pygo2 to promote the transcription of a subset of Wnt target genes. We showed that Bcl9 and Bcl9l function in the cytoplasm during tooth enamel formation in a manner that is independent of Wnt-stimulated β-catenin-dependent transcription. Bcl9, Bcl9l, and Pygo2 localized mainly to the cytoplasm of the epithelial-derived ameloblasts, the cells responsible for enamel production. In ameloblasts, Bcl9 interacted with proteins involved in enamel formation and proteins involved in exocytosis and vesicular trafficking. Conditional deletion of both Bcl9 and Bcl9l or both Pygo1 and Pygo2 in mice produced teeth with defective enamel that was bright white and deficient in iron, which is reminiscent of human tooth enamel pathologies. Overall, our data revealed that these proteins, originally defined through their function as β-catenin transcriptional cofactors, function in odontogenesis through a previously uncharacterized cytoplasmic mechanism, revealing that they have roles beyond that of transcriptional cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tania D Shajiei
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Zimmerli
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Hausmann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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43
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Tsai S, Abdelhamid A, Khan MK, Elkarargy A, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM, Wu P. The Molecular Circuit Regulating Tooth Development in Crocodilians. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1501-1510. [PMID: 27872325 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516667724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alligators have robust regenerative potential for tooth renewal. In contrast, extant mammals can either renew their teeth once (diphyodont dentition, as found in humans) or not at all (monophyodont dentition, present in mice). Previously, the authors used multiple mitotic labeling to map putative stem cells in alligator dental laminae, which contain quiescent odontogenic progenitors. The authors demonstrated that alligator tooth cycle initiation is related to β-catenin/Wnt pathway activity in the dental lamina bulge. However, the molecular circuitry underlying the developmental progression of polyphyodont teeth remains elusive. Here, the authors used transcriptomic analyses to examine the additional molecular pathways related to the process of alligator tooth development. The authors collected juvenile alligator dental laminae at different developmental stages and performed RNA-seq. This data shows that Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways are activated at the transition from pre-initiation stage (bud) to initiation stage (cap). Intriguingly, the activation of Wnt ligands, receptors and co-activators accompanies the inactivation of Wnt antagonists. In addition, the authors identified the molecular circuitry at different stages of tooth development. The authors conclude that multiple pathways are associated with specific stages of tooth development in the alligator. This data shows that Wnt pathway activation may play the most important role in the initiation of tooth development. This result may offer insight into ways to modulate the genetic controls involved in mammalian tooth renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A Abdelhamid
- Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M K Khan
- Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Elkarargy
- Qassim College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - R B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C M Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P Wu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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44
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Zhang F, Song J, Zhang H, Huang E, Song D, Tollemar V, Wang J, Wang J, Mohammed M, Wei Q, Fan J, Liao J, Zou Y, Liu F, Hu X, Qu X, Chen L, Yu X, Luu HH, Lee MJ, He TC, Ji P. Wnt and BMP Signaling Crosstalk in Regulating Dental Stem Cells: Implications in Dental Tissue Engineering. Genes Dis 2016; 3:263-276. [PMID: 28491933 PMCID: PMC5421560 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling. Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance, essential oral functions and the quality of life. Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders. The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells, along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicle precursor cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and MSCs from gingiva. We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways. Lastly, we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways. We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications. Thus, we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jinglin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Enyi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dongzhe Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Viktor Tollemar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maryam Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangyang Qu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
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45
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Machado JP, Philip S, Maldonado E, O'Brien SJ, Johnson WE, Antunes A. Positive Selection Linked with Generation of Novel Mammalian Dentition Patterns. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2748-59. [PMID: 27613398 PMCID: PMC5630915 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse group of genes are involved in the tooth development of mammals. Several studies, focused mainly on mice and rats, have provided a detailed depiction of the processes coordinating tooth formation and shape. Here we surveyed 236 tooth-associated genes in 39 mammalian genomes and tested for signatures of selection to assess patterns of molecular adaptation in genes regulating mammalian dentition. Of the 236 genes, 31 (∼13.1%) showed strong signatures of positive selection that may be responsible for the phenotypic diversity observed in mammalian dentition. Mammalian-specific tooth-associated genes had accelerated mutation rates compared with older genes found across all vertebrates. More recently evolved genes had fewer interactions (either genetic or physical), were associated with fewer Gene Ontology terms and had faster evolutionary rates compared with older genes. The introns of these positively selected genes also exhibited accelerated evolutionary rates, which may reflect additional adaptive pressure in the intronic regions that are associated with regulatory processes that influence tooth-gene networks. The positively selected genes were mainly involved in processes like mineralization and structural organization of tooth specific tissues such as enamel and dentin. Of the 236 analyzed genes, 12 mammalian-specific genes (younger genes) provided insights on diversification of mammalian teeth as they have higher evolutionary rates and exhibit different expression profiles compared with older genes. Our results suggest that the evolution and development of mammalian dentition occurred in part through positive selection acting on genes that previously had other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Siby Philip
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Maldonado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale
| | - Warren E Johnson
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Innovative Dental Stem Cell-Based Research Approaches: The Future of Dentistry. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7231038. [PMID: 27648076 PMCID: PMC5018320 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7231038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the dental field has benefited from recent findings in stem cell biology and tissue engineering that led to the elaboration of novel ideas and concepts for the regeneration of dental tissues or entire new teeth. In particular, stem cell-based regenerative approaches are extremely promising since they aim at the full restoration of lost or damaged tissues, ensuring thus their functionality. These therapeutic approaches are already applied with success in clinics for the regeneration of other organs and consist of manipulation of stem cells and their administration to patients. Stem cells have the potential to self-renew and to give rise to a variety of cell types that ensure tissue repair and regeneration throughout life. During the last decades, several adult stem cell populations have been isolated from dental and periodontal tissues, characterized, and tested for their potential applications in regenerative dentistry. Here we briefly present the various stem cell-based treatment approaches and strategies that could be translated in dental practice and revolutionize dentistry.
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47
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Mitsiadis TA, Orsini G. Editorial: A New Era in Dentistry: Stem Cell-Based Approaches for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Front Physiol 2016; 7:357. [PMID: 27594843 PMCID: PMC4990556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Centre for Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona, Italy
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48
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Mitsiadis TA, Pagella P. Expression of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), TrkA, and p75(NTR) in Developing Human Fetal Teeth. Front Physiol 2016; 7:338. [PMID: 27536251 PMCID: PMC4972002 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is important for the development and the differentiation of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. NGF binds to specific low- and high-affinity cell surface receptors, respectively, p75NTR and TrkA. In the present study, we examined by immunohistochemistry the expression patterns of the NGF, p75NTR, and TrkA proteins during human fetal tooth development, in order to better understand the mode of NGF signaling action in dental tissues. The results obtained show that these molecules are expressed in a wide range of dental cells of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin during early stages of odontogenesis, as well as in nerve fibers that surround the developing tooth germs. At more advanced developmental stages, NGF and TrkA are localized in differentiated cells with secretory capacities such as preameloblasts/ameloblasts secreting enamel matrix and odontoblasts secreting dentine matrix. In contrast, p75NTR expression is absent from these secretory cells and restricted in proliferating cells of the dental epithelium. The temporospatial distribution of NGF and p75NTR in fetal human teeth is similar, but not identical, with that observed previously in the developing rodent teeth, thus indicating that the genetic information is well-conserved during evolution. The expression patterns of NGF, p75NTR, and TrkA during odontogenesis suggest regulatory roles for NGF signaling in proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, as well as in attraction and sprouting of nerve fibers within dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center for Dentistry (ZZM), University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Center for Dentistry (ZZM), University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthases expression and localization in embryonic mouse molars. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:413-20. [PMID: 27318667 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) and hyaluronan synthases (HASs) have been shown to play critical roles in embryogenesis and organ development. However, there have not been any studies examining HA and HAS expression and localization during tooth development. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of HA and three isoforms of HASs (HAS1, 2, 3) in embryonic mouse molars. The first mandibular embryonic mouse molars were examined by immunohistochemistry at E11.5, E13.5, E14.5, E16.5, and E18.5. PCR and western blot analyses were performed on RNA and proteins samples from E13.5 to E18.5 tooth germs. At the initial stage (E11.5), HA and HASs were expressed in the dental epithelium but not the underlying dental mesenchyme. HA immunostaining gradually increased in the enamel organ from the bud stage (E13.5) to the late bell stage (E18.5), and HA and HASs were highly expressed in the stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium. HA immunostaining was also enhanced in the dental mesenchyme and its derived tissues, but it was not expressed in the ameloblast and odontoblast regions. The three HAS isoforms had distinct expression patterns, and they were expressed in the dental mesenchyme and odontoblast at various levels. Furthermore, HAS1 and HAS2 expression decreased, while HAS3 expression increased from E13.5 to E18.5. These results suggested that HA synthesized by different HASs is involved in embryonic mouse molar morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation.
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50
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Suske A, Pöschke A, Schrock P, Kirschner S, Brockmann M, Staszyk C. Infundibula of equine maxillary cheek teeth. Part 1: Development, blood supply and infundibular cementogenesis. Vet J 2016; 209:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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