1
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Kibalnyk Y, Afanasiev E, Noble RMN, Watson AES, Poverennaya I, Dittmann NL, Alexiou M, Goodkey K, Greenwell AA, Ussher JR, Adameyko I, Massey J, Graf D, Bourque SL, Stratton JA, Voronova A. The chromatin regulator Ankrd11 controls cardiac neural crest cell-mediated outflow tract remodeling and heart function. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4632. [PMID: 38951500 PMCID: PMC11217281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ANKRD11 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11) is a chromatin regulator and a causative gene for KBG syndrome, a rare developmental disorder characterized by multiple organ abnormalities, including cardiac defects. However, the role of ANKRD11 in heart development is unknown. The neural crest plays a leading role in embryonic heart development, and its dysfunction is implicated in congenital heart defects. We demonstrate that conditional knockout of Ankrd11 in the murine embryonic neural crest results in persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular dilation, and impaired ventricular contractility. We further show these defects occur due to aberrant cardiac neural crest cell organization leading to outflow tract septation failure. Lastly, knockout of Ankrd11 in the neural crest leads to impaired expression of various transcription factors, chromatin remodelers and signaling pathways, including mTOR, BMP and TGF-β in the cardiac neural crest cells. In this work, we identify Ankrd11 as a regulator of neural crest-mediated heart development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Kibalnyk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Elia Afanasiev
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ronan M N Noble
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Adrianne E S Watson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Irina Poverennaya
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole L Dittmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Maria Alexiou
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Kara Goodkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Amanda A Greenwell
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Graf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anastassia Voronova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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2
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Solovieva T, Bronner ME. Congenital heart defects differ following left versus right avian cardiac neural crest ablation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598133. [PMID: 38915725 PMCID: PMC11195056 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest is critical for the normal development of the heart, as its surgical ablation in the chick recapitulates common human congenital heart defects such as 'Common Arterial Trunk' and 'Double Outlet Right Ventricle' (DORV). While left-right asymmetry is known to be important for heart development, little is known about potential asymmetric differences between right and left cardiac neural folds with respect to heart development. Here, through surgical ablation of either left or right cardiac neural crest, we reveal that right ablation results in more varied and more severe heart defects. Embryos with Common Arterial Trunk and with missing arteries occur only in right-ablated embryos; moreover, embryos with DORV and with misalignment of the arteries were more prevalent following right versus left cardiac crest ablation. In addition, overall survival of right-ablated embryos was lower than left-ablated embryos, with embryos dying earlier in development. Together, these data implicate different functions for left versus right cardiac neural crest in heart development.
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Bolunduț AC, Lazea C, Mihu CM. Genetic Alterations of Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules Involved in the Development of Congenital Heart Defects-A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050812. [PMID: 37238360 DOI: 10.3390/children10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital abnormality, with an overall global birth prevalence of 9.41 per 1000 live births. The etiology of CHDs is complex and still poorly understood. Environmental factors account for about 10% of all cases, while the rest are likely explained by a genetic component that is still under intense research. Transcription factors and signaling molecules are promising candidates for studies regarding the genetic burden of CHDs. The present narrative review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding some of the genetic mechanisms involved in the embryological development of the cardiovascular system. In addition, we reviewed the association between the genetic variation in transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in heart development, including TBX5, GATA4, NKX2-5 and CRELD1, and congenital heart defects, providing insight into the complex pathogenesis of this heterogeneous group of diseases. Further research is needed in order to uncover their downstream targets and the complex network of interactions with non-genetic risk factors for a better molecular-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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4
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Moioli M, Amphimaque B, Wyler M, Kaiponen T, Gurtner C, Unger L. Radiography,
CT
‐angiography and post‐mortem findings in a foal with a congenital type 3 vascular ring anomaly. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melania Moioli
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Radiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Amphimaque
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Radiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Michelle Wyler
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Taina Susanna Kaiponen
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Lucia Unger
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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5
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Guo R, Xing QS. Roles of Wnt Signaling Pathway and ROR2 Receptor in Embryonic Development: An Update Review Article. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657211064232. [PMID: 35128307 PMCID: PMC8808015 DOI: 10.1177/25168657211064232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt family is a large class of highly conserved cysteine-rich secretory glycoproteins that play a vital role in various cellular and physiological courses through different signaling pathways during embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis 3. Wnt5a is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the noncanonical Wnt family and is involved in a wide range of developmental and tissue homeostasis. A growing body of evidence suggests that Wnt5a affects embryonic development, signaling through various receptors, starting with the activation of β-catenin by Wnt5a. In addition to affecting planar cell polarity and Ca2+ pathways, β-catenin also includes multiple signaling cascades that regulate various cell functions. Secondly, Wnt5a can bind to Ror receptors to mediate noncanonical Wnt signaling and a significant ligand for Ror2 in vertebrates. Consistent with the multiple functions of Wnt5A/Ror2 signaling, Wnt5A knockout mice exhibited various phenotypic defects, including an inability to extend the anterior and posterior axes of the embryo. Numerous essential roles of Wnt5a/Ror2 in development have been demonstrated. Therefore, Ror signaling pathway become a necessary target for diagnosing and treating human diseases. The Wnt5a- Ror2 signaling pathway as a critical factor has attracted extensive attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Quan Sheng Xing
- Qingdao University-Affiliated Hospital of Women and Children, Qingdao, China
- Quan Sheng Xing, Qingdao University-Affiliated Hospital of Women and Children, tongfu road 6, shibei district, Qingdao 266000, China.
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6
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Henderson DJ, Eley L, Turner JE, Chaudhry B. Development of the Human Arterial Valves: Understanding Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:802930. [PMID: 35155611 PMCID: PMC8829322 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.802930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the arterial valves are some of the commonest congenital malformations, with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) occurring in as many as 2% of the population. Despite this, most of what we understand about the development of the arterial (semilunar; aortic and pulmonary) valves is extrapolated from investigations of the atrioventricular valves in animal models, with surprisingly little specifically known about how the arterial valves develop in mouse, and even less in human. In this review, we summarise what is known about the development of the human arterial valve leaflets, comparing this to the mouse where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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7
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Chen W, Liu X, Li W, Shen H, Zeng Z, Yin K, Priest JR, Zhou Z. Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of cardiac neural crest cell derivatives during development. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52389. [PMID: 34569705 PMCID: PMC8567227 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The migratory cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) contribute greatly to cardiovascular development. A thorough understanding of the cell lineages, developmental chronology, and transcriptomic states of CNCC derivatives during normal development is essential for deciphering the pathogenesis of CNCC‐associated congenital anomalies. Here, we perform single‐cell transcriptomic sequencing of 34,131 CNCC‐derived cells in mouse hearts covering eight developmental stages between E10.5 and P7. We report the presence of CNCC‐derived mural cells that comprise pericytes and microvascular smooth muscle cells (mVSMCs). Furthermore, we identify the transition from the CNCC‐derived pericytes to mVSMCs and the key regulators over the transition. In addition, our data support that many CNCC derivatives had already committed or differentiated to a specific lineage when migrating into the heart. We explore the spatial distribution of some critical CNCC‐derived subpopulations with single‐molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization. Finally, we computationally reconstruct the differentiation path and regulatory dynamics of CNCC derivatives. Our study provides novel insights into the cell lineages, developmental chronology, and regulatory dynamics of CNCC derivatives during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huayan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James R Priest
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Gandhi S, Witten A, De Majo F, Gilbers M, Maessen J, Schotten U, de Windt LJ, Stoll M. Evolutionarily conserved transcriptional landscape of the heart defining the chamber specific physiology. Genomics 2021; 113:3782-3792. [PMID: 34506887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. A deeper characterization of regional transcription patterns within different heart chambers may aid to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in myocardial function and further, our ability to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we used RNA sequencing to determine differentially expressed protein coding (PC) and long non-coding (lncRNA) transcripts within the heart chambers across seven vertebrate species and identified evolutionarily conserved chamber specific genes, lncRNAs and pathways. We investigated lncRNA homologs based on sequence, secondary structure, synteny and expressional conservation and found most lncRNAs to be conserved by synteny. Regional co-expression patterns of transcripts are modulated by multiple factors, including genomic overlap, strandedness and transcript biotype. Finally, we provide a community resource designated EvoACTG, which informs researchers on the conserved yet intertwined nature of the coding and non-coding cardiac transcriptome across popular model organisms in CVD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Gandhi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Institute of Human Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Federica De Majo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gilbers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon J de Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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9
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Yan S, Lu J, Jiao K. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Neural Crest Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678954. [PMID: 33968946 PMCID: PMC8097001 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) is a transient, migratory cell population that contribute to the formation of major arteries and the septa and valves of the heart. Abnormal development of cNCCs leads to a spectrum of congenital heart defects that mainly affect the outflow region of the hearts. Signaling molecules and transcription factors are the best studied regulatory events controlling cNCC development. In recent years, however, accumulated evidence supports that epigenetic regulation also plays an important role in cNCC development. Here, we summarize the functions of epigenetic regulators during cNCC development as well as cNCC related cardiovascular defects. These factors include ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, histone modifiers and DNA methylation modulators. In many cases, mutations in the genes encoding these factors are known to cause inborn heart diseases. A better understanding of epigenetic regulators, their activities and their roles during heart development will ultimately contribute to the development of new clinical applications for patients with congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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10
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11
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Guenther TM, Sherazee EA, Gustafson JD, Wozniak CJ, Brothers J, Raff G. Anomalous Origin of the Circumflex or Left Anterior Descending Artery From the Pulmonary Artery. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2020; 11:765-775. [PMID: 33164690 DOI: 10.1177/2150135120938705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous origin of the circumflex or left anterior descending artery from the pulmonary artery (ACxAPA and ALADAPA, respectively) are rare congenital coronary anomalies with clinical presentation varying from an asymptomatic murmur to sudden cardiac arrest. A systematic review was performed, and 46 cases of ACxAPA and 51 cases of ALADAPA were identified in 87 articles. Data were collected and analyzed from each case. A better understanding of ACxAPA/ALADAPA can provide information to providers who encounter this lesion as well as provide insight into coronary artery development which may help in the understanding of coronary artery anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Guenther
- Department of Surgery, 70083University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 19892David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, Fairfield, CA, USA
| | - Elan A Sherazee
- Department of Surgery, 70083University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 19892David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, Fairfield, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Gustafson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 19892David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, Fairfield, CA, USA.,Norman M. Rich Department of Surgery, 70083Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis J Wozniak
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 19892David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, Fairfield, CA, USA
| | - Julie Brothers
- Department of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary Raff
- Department of Surgery, 70083University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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12
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CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28847-28858. [PMID: 33127760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005222117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CHD7 encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor. Mutation of this gene causes multiple developmental disorders, including CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth/development, Genital abnormalities, and Ear anomalies) syndrome, in which conotruncal anomalies are the most prevalent form of heart defects. How CHD7 regulates conotruncal development remains unclear. In this study, we establish that deletion of Chd7 in neural crest cells (NCCs) causes severe conotruncal defects and perinatal lethality, thus providing mouse genetic evidence demonstrating that CHD7 cell-autonomously regulates cardiac NCC development, thereby clarifying a long-standing controversy in the literature. Using transcriptomic analyses, we show that CHD7 fine-tunes the expression of a gene network that is critical for cardiac NCC development. To gain further molecular insights into gene regulation by CHD7, we performed a protein-protein interaction screen by incubating recombinant CHD7 on a protein array. We find that CHD7 directly interacts with several developmental disorder-mutated proteins including WDR5, a core component of H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. This direct interaction suggested that CHD7 may recruit histone-modifying enzymes to target loci independently of its remodeling functions. We therefore generated a mouse model that harbors an ATPase-deficient allele and demonstrates that mutant CHD7 retains the ability to recruit H3K4 methyltransferase activity to its targets. Thus, our data uncover that CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities, shedding light on the etiology of CHD7-related congenital disorders. Importantly, our data also imply that patients carrying a premature stop codon versus missense mutations will likely display different molecular alterations; these patients might therefore require personalized therapeutic interventions.
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13
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New Concepts in the Development and Malformation of the Arterial Valves. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040038. [PMID: 32987700 PMCID: PMC7712390 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in many ways the arterial and atrioventricular valves are similar, both being derived for the most part from endocardial cushions, we now know that the arterial valves and their surrounding structures are uniquely dependent on progenitors from both the second heart field (SHF) and neural crest cells (NCC). Here, we will review aspects of arterial valve development, highlighting how our appreciation of NCC and the discovery of the SHF have altered our developmental models. We will highlight areas of research that have been particularly instructive for understanding how the leaflets form and remodel, as well as those with limited or conflicting results. With this background, we will explore how this developmental knowledge can help us to understand human valve malformations, particularly those of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Controversies and the current state of valve genomics will be indicated.
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14
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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15
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Asp M, Giacomello S, Larsson L, Wu C, Fürth D, Qian X, Wärdell E, Custodio J, Reimegård J, Salmén F, Österholm C, Ståhl PL, Sundström E, Åkesson E, Bergmann O, Bienko M, Månsson-Broberg A, Nilsson M, Sylvén C, Lundeberg J. A Spatiotemporal Organ-Wide Gene Expression and Cell Atlas of the Developing Human Heart. Cell 2020; 179:1647-1660.e19. [PMID: 31835037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The process of cardiac morphogenesis in humans is incompletely understood. Its full characterization requires a deep exploration of the organ-wide orchestration of gene expression with a single-cell spatial resolution. Here, we present a molecular approach that reveals the comprehensive transcriptional landscape of cell types populating the embryonic heart at three developmental stages and that maps cell-type-specific gene expression to specific anatomical domains. Spatial transcriptomics identified unique gene profiles that correspond to distinct anatomical regions in each developmental stage. Human embryonic cardiac cell types identified by single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed and enriched the spatial annotation of embryonic cardiac gene expression. In situ sequencing was then used to refine these results and create a spatial subcellular map for the three developmental phases. Finally, we generated a publicly available web resource of the human developing heart to facilitate future studies on human cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Asp
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefania Giacomello
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Fürth
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Qian
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Wärdell
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joaquin Custodio
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Reimegård
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Salmén
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik L Ståhl
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, R&D Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Åkesson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, R&D Unit, Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Karolinska Institutet, Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magda Bienko
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Sylvén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Aybar MJ. The role of teratogens in neural crest development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:584-632. [PMID: 31926062 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), discovered by Wilhelm His 150 years ago, gives rise to a multipotent migratory embryonic cell population that generates a remarkably diverse and important array of cell types during the development of the vertebrate embryo. These cells originate in the neural plate border (NPB), which is the ectoderm between the neural plate and the epidermis. They give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies are a class of congenital diseases resulting from the abnormal induction, specification, migration, differentiation or death of NC cells (NCCs) during embryonic development and have an important medical and societal impact. In general, congenital defects affect an appreciable percentage of newborns worldwide. Some of these defects are caused by teratogens, which are agents that negatively impact the formation of tissues and organs during development. In this review, we will discuss the teratogens linked to the development of many birth defects, with a strong focus on those that specifically affect the development of the NC, thereby producing neurocristopathies. Although increasing attention is being paid to the effect of teratogens on embryonic development in general, there is a strong need to critically evaluate the specific role of these agents in NC development. Therefore, increased understanding of the role of these factors in NC development will contribute to the planning of strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of human neurocristopathies, whose etiology was previously not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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17
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Maleki S, Poujade FA, Bergman O, Gådin JR, Simon N, Lång K, Franco-Cereceda A, Body SC, Björck HM, Eriksson P. Endothelial/Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Ascending Aortas of Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:182. [PMID: 31921896 PMCID: PMC6928128 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is the progressive enlargement of the aorta due to destructive changes in the connective tissue of the aortic wall. Aneurysm development is silent and often first manifested by the drastic events of aortic dissection or rupture. As yet, therapeutic agents that halt or reverse the process of aortic wall deterioration are absent, and the only available therapeutic recommendation is elective prophylactic surgical intervention. Being born with a bicuspid instead of the normal tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) is a major risk factor for developing aneurysm in the ascending aorta later in life. Although the pathophysiology of the increased aneurysm susceptibility is not known, recent studies are suggestive of a transformation of aortic endothelium into a more mesenchymal state i.e., an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in these individuals. This process involves the loss of endothelial cell features, resulting in junction instability and enhanced vascular permeability of the ascending aorta that may lay the ground for increased aneurysm susceptibility. This finding differentiates and further emphasizes the specific characteristics of aneurysm development in individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). This review discusses the possibility of a developmental fate shared between the aortic endothelium and aortic valves. It further speculates about the impact of aortic endothelium phenotypic shift on aneurysm development in individuals with a BAV and revisits previous studies in the light of the new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Maleki
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Flore-Anne Poujade
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Otto Bergman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jesper R Gådin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nancy Simon
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Karin Lång
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanna M Björck
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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18
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Ishizaki-Asami R, Uchida K, Tsuchihashi T, Shibata A, Kodo K, Emoto K, Mikoshiba K, Takahashi T, Yamagishi H. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 as a novel marker of vasculature to delineate processes of cardiopulmonary development. Dev Biol 2019; 458:237-245. [PMID: 31758944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) involving the outflow tract (OFT), such as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), lead to mortality and morbidity with implications not only in the heart, but also in the pulmonary vasculature. The mechanisms of pulmonary artery (PA) development and the etiologies underlying PA disorders associated with CHD remain poorly understood partly because of a specific marker for PA development is nonexistent. The three subtypes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R1, 2, and 3) are intracellular Ca2+ channels that are essential for many tissues and organs. We discovered that IP3R2 was expressed in the vasculature and heart during development using transgenic mice, in which a LacZ marker gene was knocked into the IP3R2 locus. Whole-mount and section LacZ staining showed that IP3R2-LacZ-positive cells were detectable exclusively in the smooth muscle cells, or tunica media, of PA, merging into αSMA-positive cells during development. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that IP3R2-LacZ positive PA smooth muscle layers gradually elongate from the central PA to the peripheral PAs from E13.5 to E18.5, supporting the distal angiogenesis theory for the development of PA, whereas IP3R2-LacZ was rarely expressed in smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary trunk. Crossing IP3R-LacZ mice with mice hypomorphic for Tbx1 alleles revealed that PTA of Tbx1 mutants may result from agenesis or hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk; thus, the left and right central to peripheral PAs connect directly to the dorsal side of the truncus arteriosus in these mutants. Additionally, we found hypercellular interstitial mesenchyme and delayed maturation of the lung endoderm in the Tbx1 mutant lungs. Our study identifies IP3R2 as a novel marker for clear visualization of PA during development and can be utilized for studying cardiopulmonary development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Ishizaki-Asami
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Health Center, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8521, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadōri, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0013, Japan
| | - Akimichi Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, 284-1 Yobe-cho, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-0843, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsura Emoto
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- SIAIS (Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; Toho University, Faculty of Science, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan; Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Sciences, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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19
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Pasipoularides A. Clinical-pathological correlations of BAV and the attendant thoracic aortopathies. Part 2: Pluridisciplinary perspective on their genetic and molecular origins. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:233-246. [PMID: 31175858 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) arises during valvulogenesis when 2 leaflets/cusps of the aortic valve (AOV) are fused together. Its clinical manifestations pertain to faulty AOV function, the associated aortopathy, and other complications surveyed in Part 1 of the present bipartite-series. Part 2 examines mainly genetic and epigenetic causes of BAV and BAV-associated aortopathies (BAVAs) and disease syndromes (BAVD). Part 1 explored the heterogeneity among subsets of patients with BAV and BAVA/BAVD, and investigated abnormal fluid dynamic stress and strain patterns sustained by the cusps. Specific BAV morphologies engender systolic outflow asymmetries, associated with abnormal aortic regional wall-shear-stress distributions and the expression/localization of BAVAs. Understanding fluid dynamic factors besides the developmental mechanisms and underlying genetics governing these congenital anomalies is necessary to explain patient predisposition to aortopathy and phenotypic heterogeneity. BAV aortopathy entails complex/multifactorial pathophysiology, involving alterations in genetics, epigenetics, hemodynamics, and in cellular and molecular pathways. There is always an interdependence between organismic developmental signals and genes-no systemic signals, no gene-expression; no active gene, no next step. An apposite signal induces the expression of the next developmental gene, which needs be expressed to trigger the next signal, and so on. Hence, embryonic, then post-partum, AOV and thoracic aortic development comprise cascades of developmental genes and their regulation. Interdependencies between them arise, entailing reciprocal/cyclical mutual interactions and adaptive feedback loops, by which developmental morphogenetic processes self-correct responding to environmental inputs/reactions. This Survey can serve as a reference point and driver for further pluridisciplinary BAV/BAVD studies and their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Pasipoularides
- Duke/NSF Center for Emerging Cardiovascular Technologies, Emeritus Faculty of Surgery and of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University School of Medicine and Graduate School, Durham, NC, USA.
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20
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Hasten E, McDonald-McGinn DM, Crowley TB, Zackai E, Emanuel BS, Morrow BE, Racedo SE. Dysregulation of TBX1 dosage in the anterior heart field results in congenital heart disease resembling the 22q11.2 duplication syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1847-1857. [PMID: 29509905 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-allelic homologous recombination events on chromosome 22q11.2 during meiosis can result in either the deletion (22q11.2DS) or duplication (22q11.2DupS) syndrome. Although the spectrum and frequency of congenital heart disease (CHD) are known for 22q11.2DS, there is less known for 22q11.2DupS. We now evaluated cardiac phenotypes in 235 subjects with 22q11.2DupS including 102 subjects we collected and 133 subjects that were previously reported as a confirmation and found 25% have CHD, mostly affecting the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Previous studies have shown that global loss or gain of function (LOF; GOF) of mouse Tbx1, encoding a T-box transcription factor mapping to the region of synteny to 22q11.2, results in similar OFT defects. To further evaluate Tbx1 function in the progenitor cells forming the cardiac OFT, termed the anterior heart field, Tbx1 was overexpressed using the Mef2c-AHF-Cre driver (Tbx1 GOF). Here we found that all resulting conditional GOF embryos had a persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), similar to what was previously reported for conditional Tbx1 LOF mutant embryos. To understand the basis for the PTA in the conditional GOF embryos, we found that proliferation in the Mef2c-AHF-Cre lineage cells before migrating to the heart, was reduced and critical genes were oppositely changed in this tissue in Tbx1 GOF embryos versus conditional LOF embryos. These results suggest that a major function of TBX1 in the AHF is to maintain the normal balance of expression of key cardiac developmental genes required to form the aorta and pulmonary trunk, which is disrupted in 22q11.2DS and 22q11.2DupS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hasten
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Terrence B Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Silvia E Racedo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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21
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-López GA, Palacio MB, Tríbulo C, Aybar MJ. Gli2 is required for the induction and migration of Xenopus laevis neural crest. Mech Dev 2018; 154:219-239. [PMID: 30086335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent migratory embryonic population that is formed during late gastrulation and gives rise to a wide array of derivatives, including cells from the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the craniofacial bones and cartilages, peripheral glial cells, and melanocyte cells, among others. In this work we analyzed the role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway effector gli2 in Xenopus NC. We provide evidence that the gli2 gene is expressed in the prospective, premigratory and migratory NC. The use of a specific morpholino against gli2 and the pharmacological specific inhibitor GANT61 in different experimental approaches allowed us to determine that gli2 is required for the induction and specification of NC cells as a transcriptional activator. Moreover, gli2 also acts by reducing apoptosis in the NC without affecting its cell proliferation status. We also demonstrated that gli2 is required cell-autonomously for NC migration, and for the formation of NC derivatives such as the craniofacial cartilages, melanocytes and the cranial ganglia. Altogether, our results showed that gli2 is a key transcriptional activator to accomplish the proper specification and development of Xenopus NC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo A Vega-López
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Belén Palacio
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Celeste Tríbulo
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina; Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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22
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Mifflin JJ, Dupuis LE, Alcala NE, Russell LG, Kern CB. Intercalated cushion cells within the cardiac outflow tract are derived from the myocardial troponin T type 2 (Tnnt2) Cre lineage. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1005-1017. [PMID: 29920846 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin of the intercalated cushions that develop into the anterior cusp of the pulmonary valve (PV) and the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve (AV) is not well understood. RESULTS Cre transgenes in combination with the Rosa TdTomato-EGFP reporter were used to generate three-dimensional lineage mapping of AV and PV cusps during intercalated cushion development. Tie2-Cre;EGFP was used to mark endothelial-derived mesenchymal cells, Wnt1-Cre;EGFP for cardiac neural crest and cardiac Troponin T (Tnnt2)Cre;EGFP, for myocardial lineage. The highest percentage of intercalated cushion cells at embryonic day (E) 12.5 was Tnnt2-Cre; EGFP positive; 68.0% for the PV and 50.0% AV. Neither Tnnt2 mRNA nor Tnnt2-Cre protein was expressed in the intercalated cushions; and the Tnnt2-Cre lineage intercalated cushion cells were also positive for the mesenchymal markers Sox9 and versican. Tnnt2-Cre lineage was present within the forming intercalated cushions from E11.5 and was present in the intercalated cushion derived PV and AV cusps and localized to the fibrosa layer at postnatal day 0. CONCLUSIONS Intercalated cushions of the developing outflow tract are populated with Tnnt2-Cre derived cells, a Cre reporter previously used for tracing and excision of myocardial cells and not previously associated with mesenchymal cells. Developmental Dynamics 247:1005-1017, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Mifflin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Loren E Dupuis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nicolas E Alcala
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lea G Russell
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Christine B Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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23
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 regulates cell-fate specification and outflow tract septation during mammalian heart development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9542. [PMID: 29934521 PMCID: PMC6015040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) is a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in vertebrate development by regulating planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling and convergent extension (CE). Here we show that SMURF1 is involved in mammalian heart development. We find that SMURF1 is highly expressed in outflow tract cushion mesenchyme and Smurf1−/− mouse embryos show delayed outflow tract septation. SMURF1 is expressed in smooth muscle cells of the coronary arteries and great vessels. Thickness of the aortic smooth muscle cell layer is reduced in Smurf1−/− mouse embryos. We show that SMURF1 is a negative regulator of cardiomyogenesis and a positive regulator of smooth muscle cell and cardiac fibroblast differentiation, indicating that SMURF1 is important for cell-type specification during heart development. Finally, we provide evidence that SMURF1 localizes at the primary cilium where it may regulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, which controls the initial phase of cardiomyocyte differentiation. In summary, our results demonstrate that SMURF1 is a critical regulator of outflow tract septation and cell-type specification during heart development, and that these effects may in part be mediated via control of cilium-associated BMP signaling.
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Yang YP, Li HR, Cao XM, Qiao CJ, Ya J. Septation of the Intrapericardial Arterial Trunks in the Early Human Embryonic Heart. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1457-1464. [PMID: 29893363 PMCID: PMC6006820 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.233956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Outflow tract (OFT) septation defects are a common cause of congenital heart disease. Numerous studies have focused on the septation mechanism of the OFT, but have reported inconsistent conclusions. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the septation of the aortic sac and the OFT in the early embryonic human heart. Methods: Serial sections of 27 human embryonic hearts from Carnegie stage (CS) 10 to CS19 were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and myosin heavy chain. Results: At CS10–CS11, the OFT wall was an exclusively myocardial structure that was continuous with the aortic sac at the margin of the pericardial cavity. From CS13 onward, the OFT was divided into nonmyocardial and myocardial portions. The cushion formed gradually, and its distal border with the OFT myocardium was consistently maintained. The aortic sac between the fourth and sixth aortic arch arteries was degenerated. At CS16, the α-SMA-positive aortopulmonary septum formed and fused with the two OFT cushions, thus septating the nonmyocardial portion of the OFT into two arteries. At this stage, the cushions were not fused. At CS19, the bilateral cushions were fused to septate the myocardial portion of the OFT. Conclusions: Data suggest that the OFT cushion is formed before the aortopulmonary septum is formed. Thus, the OFT cushion is not derived from the aortopulmonary septum. In addition, the nonmyocardial part of the OFT is septated into the aorta and pulmonary trunk by the aortopulmonary septum, while the main part of the cushion fuses and septates the myocardial portion of the OFT.
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Duplication and Deletion of 22q11 Associated with Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:585-590. [PMID: 29279955 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which pulmonary venous blood flows directly into the right side of the heart or into the systemic veins. To identify whether there is any association between 22q11 CNVs and APVC, we analyzed the clinical data of 86 APVC patients and then studied the CNVs of 22q11 in 86 sporadic APVC patients by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The results showed that two patients carried the CNVs of 22q11, one patient had the deletion of 22q11 and the other had the duplication of 22q11. The incidence was significantly higher than that in the normal population (P < 0.01) that suggests a possible etiologic association between the duplication or deletion of 22q11 and the APVC in our patients.
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Martínez-Vargas J, Ventura J, Machuca Á, Muñoz-Muñoz F, Fernández MC, Soto-Navarrete MT, Durán AC, Fernández B. Cardiac, mandibular and thymic phenotypical association indicates that cranial neural crest underlies bicuspid aortic valve formation in hamsters. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183556. [PMID: 28953926 PMCID: PMC5617148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent human congenital cardiac malformation. It may appear isolated, associated with other cardiovascular malformations, or forming part of syndromes. Cranial neural crest (NC) defects are supposed to be the cause of the spectrum of disorders associated with syndromic BAV. Experimental studies with an inbred hamster model of isolated BAV showed that alterations in the migration or differentiation of the cardiac NC cells in the embryonic cardiac outflow tract are most probably responsible for the development of this congenital valvular defect. We hypothesize that isolated BAV is not the result of local, but of early alterations in the behavior of the NC cells, thus also affecting other cranial NC-derived structures. Therefore, we tested whether morphological variation of the aortic valve is linked to phenotypic variation of the mandible and the thymus in the hamster model of isolated BAV, compared to a control strain. Our results show significant differences in the size and shape of the mandible as well as in the cellular composition of the thymus between the two strains, and in mandible shape regarding the morphology of the aortic valve. Given that both the mandible and the thymus are cranial NC derivatives, and that the cardiac NC belongs to the cephalic domain, we propose that the causal defect leading to isolated BAV during embryonic development is not restricted to local alterations of the cardiac NC cells in the cardiac outflow tract, but it is of pleiotropic or polytopic nature. Our results suggest that isolated BAV may be the forme fruste of a polytopic syndrome involving the cranial NC in the hamster model and in a proportion of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Martínez-Vargas
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jacint Ventura
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ángela Machuca
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francesc Muñoz-Muñoz
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Ana Carmen Durán
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Borja Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Málaga, Spain
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Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Biermans MWM, Dolfing AI, Jagessar A, van Hattum S, Hoogenboom A, Wisse LJ, Vicente-Steijn R, de Bakker MAG, Vonk FJ, Hirasawa T, Kuratani S, Richardson MK. Outflow tract septation and the aortic arch system in reptiles: lessons for understanding the mammalian heart. EvoDevo 2017; 8:9. [PMID: 28491275 PMCID: PMC5424407 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-017-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac outflow tract patterning and cell contribution are studied using an evo-devo approach to reveal insight into the development of aorto-pulmonary septation. RESULTS We studied embryonic stages of reptile hearts (lizard, turtle and crocodile) and compared these to avian and mammalian development. Immunohistochemistry allowed us to indicate where the essential cell components in the outflow tract and aortic sac were deployed, more specifically endocardial, neural crest and second heart field cells. The neural crest-derived aorto-pulmonary septum separates the pulmonary trunk from both aortae in reptiles, presenting with a left visceral and a right systemic aorta arising from the unseptated ventricle. Second heart field-derived cells function as flow dividers between both aortae and between the two pulmonary arteries. In birds, the left visceral aorta disappears early in development, while the right systemic aorta persists. This leads to a fusion of the aorto-pulmonary septum and the aortic flow divider (second heart field population) forming an avian aorto-pulmonary septal complex. In mammals, there is also a second heart field-derived aortic flow divider, albeit at a more distal site, while the aorto-pulmonary septum separates the aortic trunk from the pulmonary trunk. As in birds there is fusion with second heart field-derived cells albeit from the pulmonary flow divider as the right 6th pharyngeal arch artery disappears, resulting in a mammalian aorto-pulmonary septal complex. In crocodiles, birds and mammals, the main septal and parietal endocardial cushions receive neural crest cells that are functional in fusion and myocardialization of the outflow tract septum. Longer-lasting septation in crocodiles demonstrates a heterochrony in development. In other reptiles with no indication of incursion of neural crest cells, there is either no myocardialized outflow tract septum (lizard) or it is vestigial (turtle). Crocodiles are unique in bearing a central shunt, the foramen of Panizza, between the roots of both aortae. Finally, the soft-shell turtle investigated here exhibits a spongy histology of the developing carotid arteries supposedly related to regulation of blood flow during pharyngeal excretion in this species. CONCLUSIONS This is the first time that is shown that an interplay of second heart field-derived flow dividers with a neural crest-derived cell population is a variable but common, denominator across all species studied for vascular patterning and outflow tract septation. The observed differences in normal development of reptiles may have impact on the understanding of development of human congenital outflow tract malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Poelmann
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel W M Biermans
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne I Dolfing
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Jagessar
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sam van Hattum
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Hoogenboom
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus J Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Vicente-Steijn
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn A G de Bakker
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J Vonk
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsuya Hirasawa
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Michael K Richardson
- Animal Sciences and Health, Sylvius Laboratories, University of Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
ROR-family receptor tyrosine kinases form a small subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), characterized by a conserved, unique domain architecture. ROR RTKs are evolutionary conserved throughout the animal kingdom and act as alternative receptors and coreceptors of WNT ligands. The intracellular signaling cascades activated downstream of ROR receptors are diverse, including but not limited to ROR-Frizzled-mediated activation of planar cell polarity signaling, RTK-like signaling, and antagonistic regulation of WNT/β-Catenin signaling. In line with their diverse repertoire of signaling functions, ROR receptors are involved in the regulation of multiple processes in embryonic development such as development of the axial and paraxial mesoderm, the nervous system and the neural crest, the axial and appendicular skeleton, and the kidney. In humans, mutations in the ROR2 gene cause two distinct developmental syndromes, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS; MIM 268310) and dominant brachydactyly type B1 (BDB1; MIM 113000). In Robinow syndrome patients and animal models, the development of multiple organs is affected, whereas BDB1 results only in shortening of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes, reflecting the diversity of functions and signaling activities of ROR-family RTKs. In this chapter, we give an overview on ROR receptor structure and function. We discuss their signaling functions and role in vertebrate embryonic development with a focus on those developmental processes that are affected by mutations in the ROR2 gene in human patients.
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Ruiz-Villalba A, Hoppler S, van den Hoff MJB. Wnt signaling in the heart fields: Variations on a common theme. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:294-306. [PMID: 26638115 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role in development and differentiation. Heart development is initiated with the induction of precardiac mesoderm requiring the tightly and spatially controlled regulation of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. The role of Wnt signaling in subsequent development of the heart fields is to a large extent unclear. We will discuss the role of Wnt signaling in the development of the arterial and venous pole of the heart, highlighting the dual roles of Wnt signaling with respect to its time- and dosage-dependent effects and the balance between the canonical and noncanonical signaling. Canonical signaling appears to be involved in retaining the cardiac precursors in a proliferative and precursor state, whereas noncanonical signaling promotes their differentiation. Thereafter, both canonical and noncanonical signaling regulate specific steps in differentiation of the cardiac compartments. Because heart development is a contiguous, rather than a sequential, process, analyses tend only to show a single timeframe of development. The repetitive alternating and reciprocal effect of canonical and noncanonical signaling is lost when studied in homogenates. Without the simultaneous in vivo visualization of the different Wnt signaling pathways, the mechanism of Wnt signaling in heart development remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Hoppler
- Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common chromosomal microdeletion disorder, estimated to result mainly from de novo non-homologous meiotic recombination events occurring in approximately 1 in every 1,000 fetuses. The first description in the English language of the constellation of findings now known to be due to this chromosomal difference was made in the 1960s in children with DiGeorge syndrome, who presented with the clinical triad of immunodeficiency, hypoparathyroidism and congenital heart disease. The syndrome is now known to have a heterogeneous presentation that includes multiple additional congenital anomalies and later-onset conditions, such as palatal, gastrointestinal and renal abnormalities, autoimmune disease, variable cognitive delays, behavioural phenotypes and psychiatric illness - all far extending the original description of DiGeorge syndrome. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving paediatrics, general medicine, surgery, psychiatry, psychology, interventional therapies (physical, occupational, speech, language and behavioural) and genetic counselling. Although common, lack of recognition of the condition and/or lack of familiarity with genetic testing methods, together with the wide variability of clinical presentation, delays diagnosis. Early diagnosis, preferably prenatally or neonatally, could improve outcomes, thus stressing the importance of universal screening. Equally important, 22q11.2DS has become a model for understanding rare and frequent congenital anomalies, medical conditions, psychiatric and developmental disorders, and may provide a platform to better understand these disorders while affording opportunities for translational strategies across the lifespan for both patients with 22q11.2DS and those with these associated features in the general population.
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DGCR6 at the proximal part of the DiGeorge critical region is involved in conotruncal heart defects. Hum Genome Var 2015; 2:15004. [PMID: 27081520 PMCID: PMC4785558 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac anomaly is one of the hallmarks of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), observed in approximately 80% of patients. It often shows a characteristic morphology, termed as conotruncal heart defects. In many cases showing only the conotruncal heart defect, deletion of 22q11.2 region cannot be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which is used to detect deletion in DGS. We investigated the presence of genomic aberrations in six patients with congenital conotruncal heart defects, who show no deletion at 22q11.2 in an initial screening by FISH. In these patients, no abnormalities were identified in the coding region of the TBX1 gene, one of the key genes responsible for the phenotype of DGS. However, when copy number alteration was analyzed by high-resolution array analysis, a small deletion or duplication in the proximal end of DiGeorge critical region was detected in two patients. The affected region contains the DGCR6 and PRODH genes. DGCR6 has been reported to affect the expression of the TBX1 gene. Our results suggest that altered dosage of gene(s) other than TBX1, possibly DGCR6, may also be responsible for the development of conotruncal heart defects observed in patients with DGS and, in particular, in those with stand-alone conotruncal heart defects.
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Clonal analysis reveals a common origin between nonsomite-derived neck muscles and heart myocardium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1446-51. [PMID: 25605943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424538112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neck muscles constitute a transition zone between somite-derived skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs, and muscles of the head, which derive from cranial mesoderm. The trapezius and sternocleidomastoid neck muscles are formed from progenitor cells that have expressed markers of cranial pharyngeal mesoderm, whereas other muscles in the neck arise from Pax3-expressing cells in the somites. Mef2c-AHF-Cre genetic tracing experiments and Tbx1 mutant analysis show that nonsomitic neck muscles share a gene regulatory network with cardiac progenitor cells in pharyngeal mesoderm of the second heart field (SHF) and branchial arch-derived head muscles. Retrospective clonal analysis shows that this group of neck muscles includes laryngeal muscles and a component of the splenius muscle, of mixed somitic and nonsomitic origin. We demonstrate that the trapezius muscle group is clonally related to myocardium at the venous pole of the heart, which derives from the posterior SHF. The left clonal sublineage includes myocardium of the pulmonary trunk at the arterial pole of the heart. Although muscles derived from the first and second branchial arches also share a clonal relationship with different SHF-derived parts of the heart, neck muscles are clonally distinct from these muscles and define a third clonal population of common skeletal and cardiac muscle progenitor cells within cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. By linking neck muscle and heart development, our findings highlight the importance of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm in the evolution of the vertebrate heart and neck and in the pathophysiology of human congenital disease.
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